!"# $# %#&&  '%%( ))* + "#& &,$ - #  $ $&#&                       . /&&0 / 1  2&& 1 "-&#- 3#& "  4!    &$ ",&"   4!    %#&  .                                                                                                                                                                                                            !                                                        !                     "                       #        !$           !    %                     &  .                                              . /&&  1  2&& 1 "-&#- 3#& # 4!   5//&& $ 4!     '        (     & ( )$$     (    $ ! $&   $ $ $     (     $   $   * ! $+(  *&    $ & ( & $ !       ! ,  $ $ $    $  $ &$ $  (   -  )   (& $      (  9 "  "&& &!" :& & $ &&"&/ " "& ;" < &  %#&& "  = /& %#& 5" & ;> 7 0( #  // &6 "7 / 7 . /&& 3#& # 4!   5//&& $ .& -&#   4!    %#&  &, 6  7$/&&87!7 .7 /&& / 17 2&& 1 "-&#-  (&   $   &$       &$    (  &$   $  ! $ ( &&   * &. &       & &&   $   $ ! $( "   & $ $     (     $   $   * ! $   ( ( $      $ / $ !    $   (& ( &! $ $    !$ (  (  (  $*& $ !    $   (& & ! $ $     (  ($     $ ,  $ $    (  (   & $     &*  & )(    $ $  & ( !$ (  (   (       # !&  $   &     *  $   $    &   $    % (   &   $ )   & $ ! $     .   $ ! $  $   * ! $   &    & ( (   *  $   $ 0012344 5  !                       ! ,                    #7  & 89:;%            !                  #0  </ 89=9>7  & 89;8>,   89?;% "  #89?@%                    '         !      !                    !                       !                 !                       #             %                  !                  !     !       A"   #89?@%                 B               #    %        !         C                                     !$      5               !         D        !     5#& " ""&" / && " $& &$"             ' !              # $ * &24482442%                      '   !$                     #0  89;@%B!                   !$      !$ E     !$ E      #F   < 89=;>  < , & 89=2%, 6            #  F   < 89=3>G / <+&89=@%              #G / < +&89=@>  89=;> <5 899@%                                '          #5<0 89?@%  #"  H  H  <89=@%      #F   < 89=;>  <, &  89=2%B  !          !$           !$                          5    "  E#89?@%    !                 D           !               !$     #  !       %!                   !$ #0  89;@>G   89;3% "  E#89?@%         !$       !         !               ! &           ! &   "  #89?@%        !        I    J#8?%     !         !      7  & #89;8%                  I J      !                           6   !        !  $      !                        !      !       '  6                            ! C  #2448%                                 .7 /&& / 17 2&& 1 "-&#-                                 #5  899=%          $             #       !          %                         ,                          B      !   !    &   !$              # 899=>, K  / <K 2442%          !  #C &L<5 89=@>,  <5  8998%   #"  2444>  ! <G 899=%                                  !         #,  5  <G + 899@%      #C &< C  89=4>K 899=%                                             6     #0  <K  2442>   89==%          #F C 0  <  8998>HC   89=3>HC  <C  89=9%,   5  #8998%                                !$   !                6     !              !   !$                C                  !$     !     !&                 6   G  - #899=%                                                    &     0               !$             !      0               !$ !      !$        B     &   !$    ! &          &            ! &     !$   #0  89;@%      ! 6D    #     5#& " ""&" / && " $& &$"                   >    899@% #                        B&                       #C   2448%                8446244    !       !$  !$ E        D   ,& 0 #899?%                 !   #          %         B                   !       ! #   %             244   !    !              !         !!    !        !  C  #89992448%      !            # DM       &   6   %               D    DM  #   ! <GN  8999>GN   <   ! 899=%             !                          '                   !     C    6 &  #C  2448>C  HO </ 2443%      6           DM                   !    &     !            !                                6        #C  2448>C   2443%               !           #   %      6 !$          !$ E              !                                       !             !     .7 /&& / 17 2&& 1 "-&#-         !    ! 8446244C   #2448%                            #C  8999>C   2443%          D      $                       '#%                #%                    &     !                     5   !                   !         ,                                 !       !$ E    #      %   &            !$                        !$   !                     C  #2448%I               !   !           6   ! $            !         J#282%     6         !$             !         !              !$  !             %              B        6      #C    2443%     !                        B               !    !         !            !                        C  #2448%          !$ E             !       !$ E              &  !  #%    ! #C  2448% !   #%  !$   !    & !        5#& " ""&" / && " $& &$"  6   # 899=>,    8999%    ! $    &                            !   !                H                                         !                          !   !            0         #        %           !     !           !       "  #89?@%                        !       0 ! GN      ! #899=%   DM     !                 !      !                                                                                   $         ,            DM         !       !                                            !                                !                                     &        !    !                       #HC  899:>HC  <C  89=9%                       !                                !                                    !   #        %D      !     #   899=%        !  !                   #  899=%                  .7 /&& / 17 2&& 1 "-&#-        !                6    0                   &        !      #L<5 8998>, "   < G H  89?9>89=3>! ,  <    899:                 %           !                                                  DM    !                                    G !                                                                      !$ B               !$ E   !                       !$ E   #  !       %                     #                  %            !                                             B     #        %            !$                !$ E       !$ E        !$     0            !$ E      !$ E       B                                   !$                       !$             B  !     !$                          !    !  !     #     D 8%C                                                   B                                           !  !      D 8      5#& " ""&" / && " $& &$"              !                        D                     !    B              !      !                                                         D                     !            !     6        H                   C        !                      !     &    244 B  !     !         #              %B       !     #         !    >   C D 8%       !!!           B                                               .  . 2! & 7 . &, "  : &?$&"&/  &  $& &#&/ #&"  "& " &" ,# :   , "& #&  & . /  "& " &" ,# ": / "& #&  & @7   "  /""&/ & : "&  &"#& #&"7 &/ & : "& &?$&"&/ &&"  "&  &  " &" &&" "  #&" &$ &&" "7 ("& " " "& &&"  "&  &  &&" "  ," :   , "& #&  &? " "& $$"&  "& & &?$&"&/  ," ": / "& #& 7 A& !,& " " $& &#&/ #&"  "& ,# " &" / &  & "#&   "&  " ,,&" "& ," &" !" "& /& & & /!& " "& $& &$"!  && "7 5& "& $& &$"!  && " $ &  #&  $& &#&/ #&"  &"&/ ,   "&  &  " &" &&" "7 .7 /&& / 17 2&& 1 "-&#- *  %    +  !  #3  ;   28 2=     6  >                      %                              L    &   !          8      ,     LHHH 0,  #B   BB82=GC "G   + G G G 2:;PQ    % G, C ;4     5 CQRS0Q  #G!,   B %            ,       0"+S/BG@@;Q"S=:65         22 !  #2 62  % !      4@T        ! &  #29 62  %                     G    !   ! !    12 si = v0ti + ati #8% 2         #   %   " G       !      !#4           v v0 = v + a #2% 2        v       #%     #%         ! & &    !   #33:   × 2:4   %      B                    ! &        !     5#& " ""&" / && " $& &$"      !       !               6      !     42T                     #        %     ! B   #   %                       B                             !          !              244             #  % S              !                 E             !                    !          !               !     43T   # '%   !  4 9         844     ! 6       &                      C                             %              !! &         !        E        844    ! !          !                        !           D 6           84!                !         ! !       &   B                       B                              5                 '/&&& "&/&   && "&/B               &            5&              ! (&?" !                        !            ! &!         !      .7 /&& / 17 2&& 1 "-&#- B            !     '   #@T=T 8;T   %   3#8444 2444%     #      %            #                 %    3;            !                           L 8       :4U                    :4U          &      "& /&&& " " &/        :4U                 "& && " " &/               B                                          D              V4;    W4;           B     !    !   !42         &  && "&/        /&&& "&/         !42        &  && "&/                  #   !      !           %B           !   !42         && "&/                         !                B     !  V24     !  W24   @             V4;#W4;%            ,               #;@       %                   8444                                                     D                                                  !$   #,H%              &                          !          #!          !         8% ,H         6   6  +S        $ X4:   5#& " ""&" / && " $& &$" ,  !           &-  &                      &              V84 #   %    W84#   %   6             &                !               !                                #! 8%   #     %    !               #          %                D 2   !  !          !                  # %  !                D              !      #                                             %         !     #,HY44% B                !     B & 6 %!,,   .(5C.  %4 $"  ! &"#& & " .  . .   .  . .     .  .  .  .  .  . .  .  .     .  .  . .  .  . .  .  .   .  .  . .  .  . .  .  .   .  .  . .  .  . .  .  .    .  .  . .  .  . .  .  .       .  .  . .  .  . .  .  .       .  .  . .  .  . .  .  .     .  .  . .  .  . .  .  .        .  .  . .  .  . .  .  .      .  .  . .  .  . .  .  .      .  .  . .  .  . .  .  .         .  .  . .  .  . .  .  .          .  .  . .  .  . .  .  .          .  .  . .  .  . .  .  .        .  .  . .  .  . .  .  .            .  .  .  .  .  . .  .  . ("&6                   '8444 2444    @o=o 8;o               #  %                      '                  C        7   67                         ! .7 /&& / 17 2&& 1 "-&#- motion to the right motion to the left PSL -0,3 -0,2 -0,1 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 left center rightleft center rightleft center right 4° 8° 16°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×  &" × "    ! 8%B                 '            H                            B         #       %      !                           D            D      #=T%                   !     ! motion to the left left center rightleft center right motion to the right PSL -0,3 -0,2 -0,1 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 1000 ms 2000 ms 2! & 7 B& "& "  ," /! " :" / &"  ," / $"  / &" ""&"7 "#& # !&  %4 : " " ,"  / " && "& :& &  & "#& # !&  %4 : " " ,"  / " /&&& "&   /& " & $& &#&/  &  7&7   # " " #&"7 ." "&  "& ," /! "  , "&  & #&/ $"  ! &"#& & " %4 7&7 "!  && " " " :& & $& &#&/  &  && " & ,,&"  !/ & 7 ." "& & ," /! "  , %4 :& & &   "& /"6 ,"  / " && "& , & " & $& &#&/  & 7 .7 /&& / 17 2&& 1 "-&#-         !                 '         !     D    #8;T%                   !           !      B ! 8                              !       ! " ×  &" × "        D 3B              D 84446      ,H ?  444#%F 1483%  24446      ,H423#%F 1449%                                 !             !              '         ,H48;#%F1488%           ,H44?#%F 1488%D 2        !    =T   '                  !     B                 !  #              !        !    !$ #  !      %                    !!         !$ ! ,             !                !              #    <F   899=> , <H &8999%5                       B !                   !    &      !                 !  #%     ! &             !  #%       +S           0           !    ! !             !$     &  !$ !                 &          '                 S    &                     B      5#& " ""&" / && " $& &$"      !   !          !     &            #HC  <C  89=9> < 899=%0      !                # 899=%    #C &<C  89=4>L<5 89=@>F  8998%           !$ # 899=% B          #    %        $                            ;                      #         %                                         !              B             !    !             !                   !        $                        B               !                  D                                                           D                ! ,H     43           ,H ! V43     D 2      B               !     ,H     I J#    %  I  J#     %                          !                                !!   ,H                     !                               !         # G   89;3%5            !   !                     ,             !     ,H     I J I   J,     !      !             !       S    !                      ,H      D 8 H   D 2     .7 /&& / 17 2&& 1 "-&#-        !      ,H      #D 2%          !             "  E#89?@%                     !        B    !                         !       !   !  6           E          !      C  #2448%       6                                                        !                                                              ,H          #D 2%                    !       !           !   ,H   #       !           !                     %B  !                   ,H           #HC  899:>HC   <C  89=9%                                                                      !             #D 2%                                                                      !                          !     !                                         B                                                                  !    B     !                               5#& " ""&" / && " $& &$"       !     !         D      ,H               #D 2%                              #            %                                                                 #  C D 8%                                          B           !       !  #%                    !  #%      !       5              !!             !         !5  K #899@%         !$     C          E                   !            !$   # /    <7!!8992%         L         !$       #K 899=%   !!                  !$ 6   #/    <7!!8992%   #    %   !$           !$                   &           '      #    &      %            #     &     %      !       !$   !                !$  +           !         !$                 &                !      !  !$              !                   0          6                   #   %            $                                          !$ E   0 !                       !                              ' .7 /&& / 17 2&& 1 "-&#- #%D                       !    0                     !                                           !           #%D                     & !               !                              D                             !      !          !                                       #%                       !            !    !          S                              !                          !   !                    ! !       !                 #           %       A         !              ,H        24446        84446          !              # $ * &24482442%      ,H                    ,H             # %  !                      !           !      $ * &#2448%            ,H !           &       "                            !    8444      !          B D 3    84446 ,H  !   !      24446 ,H  !   !       W42      ,H  !  !    !             5#& " ""&" / && " $& &$"     !   #D 3  %   84446           !                                  #D 3 %   24446            &                          D 3                   #      ,H       %               #            %,                     !    !                                                       &         !                  !       244#C  2448%                   !                      D     &                                     B                            -           !                                                     !     5                               !                           !         !    #%                       #%      !                  #   %                                           !      B                                      6& !         '!          E & !     " .7 /&& / 17 2&& 1 "-&#-                 E  & !                  !            #  9     %                                            D            !             &   !          #              % .    8      !            2            !    !           " /&&& "&/ G "& && "&/        " && "&/ G "& /&&& "&/                              #  $ * &2448%5                   C            #                         %              3B              !                         !        #         >"  89?@%         8444  2444B       # $ * &2448%                   !              @   !         24                 B                624                  # X624%       !                 5             !   !         !                                          Z  E              !          !!                               :    $& &#&/ #&"   "             !   ,H   $& &#&/ #&"         !                  $& &#&/ #&"     !$          ,          !$               ;    &         !                   !                           !             !                 5   &                    !          &             !      &     !                       5#& " ""&" / && " $& &$"  /0   &   & H5!!                  !    ,      ! 7<G  F#8999%           H!    F?$& ,&"  6 !,  & &$" / &  , & I 8?4968?24 C  #8999%            B 7    ! C  <FGN  #L%<"#& "  !" " "& $& &$"  $ "  / "&,$  &#&" #8?3624;% 'L   C  #2448%0          B L,   " /  H  #L%2&&  6  &&/  "& %&#& "&&" .!  1&&"  "& '"&  "  %&"  $#282628?% H   '!,  !  C  HBO L</ /#2443%       !$    'L    6<!& / <" 2?9 29? C &5,<C  "#89=4%L                   & &$" J $ ) 2@862@= 0  FC</ G/#89=9%      'L          & &$" J $ ;I 398639@ 0 G L<K  K#2442%0             &',      H!    C  #;%@;?6@?9'RR$     R2R;R@R    0  "H#89;@%  &,  ," $& &$"7 -'H  &C &       0F#89==%L   6  'L     H!    F?$& ,&"  6 !,  & &$" / &  , & ; 8==6242 L"<5 #89=@%,      H!    F?$& ,&"  6 !,  & &$" / &  , &  ??=6?93 L"<5 #8998%"      H!    F?$& ,&"  6 !,  & &$" / &  , & *8@268:9 7  & "G#89:;% !                  =&#&: I @??6@=? 7  & "G#89;8%5             !        @ " H!     I386@2 5  7#899=%           B " #L%C!  ""&" #362:%+ K &'S -    5 <K ,#899@%       & &$" J .7 /&& / 17 2&& 1 "-&#- $ II 3996@88 5"<0 0"#89?@%D           ',      C =&&  ;83336833? F   < GF#89=3%       ( "! & ;@3; @3= F   < GF#89=;%G           C =&&  > 849968849 F FDC 70  LL<  0C#8998%0           H!    F?$& ,&"  6 !,  & &$" / &  , & * 82:68@8 /    <7!!CF#8992%      !$   'S!$ 6          <"#&  ; 8?:6289 HC  #89=3%,          H!    F?$& ,&"  6 !,  & &$" / &  , &  3?863?9 HC  #899:%.""&"   &6 B& @ E . "  1/!&7 H  ' 5-    HC  <C  #89=9%                =&#&: > 848682@ G ,<- "#899=%            !  & &$" J $ > 834:6838? G / ,<+&/#89=@%              C =&&  ; 2:632 G   #89;3%B& $& &$"   ! "7 S L  'C C & GN  F<   ! 7#899=%H         '  DM      6     & &$" J  $ > ;=36;9:  5<F   F0#899=%    6&   B 5  #L%.""&" #8::68=9%L, '      $ * &#2448%= & #  # ! #&   & #&  / K  $ &,&, L & &&  "& $& &$"  "!! / /"!! ",!!  &M7 - !     -   H$!$ ,    $ * &#2442%                 & &$"  #,  %=:  P#899=%       B " #L% C!  .""&" #28:6238%+ K &'S -    " FL#2444%          B &/  <"#& %&& ; #2%@26:4 "  FH  HH <#89=@%                & &$"  ;;:6;?@ "  ,#89?@%0    V       =&&  * 3623 ,   F#89?;%          & &$" I #2% 8;?68=: ,  CF< P #8999% &      '0    !$  <"#&  )2:96294 , /H<H &,F#8999%   ! &'  6        5#& " ""&" / && " $& &$"    B 0  #L%D     '0    !  #9:688=%0! G'GB  , ,K  // G<K 5#2442%,      C =&&  ;2=8862=8; , 7H"   " <G H  F#89?9%G       H!    F?$& ,&"  6 !,  & &$" / &  , & I:226:2; ,  7<    L#899:%L             =&#&:  :436:32 ,  HC<5  0G#8998%             H!    F?$& ,&"  6 !,  & &$" / &  , & ; 8==6242 ,  HC5  0G<G + /"#899@%              H!    F?$& ,&"  6 !,  & &$" / &  , &  84=6828 ,&,<0 #899?%D      '       H!    F?$& ,&"  6 !,  & &$" / &  , &  @@36@;3   #899=%         !$ B " #L%C!  .""&" #2;6:@%+ K &'S -    K#89=3%G           H!    F?$& ,&"  6 !,  & &$" / &  , & :236:34   <, & "#89=2%G        '"           C =&&   ;86;=  ! <G ,#899=%"             '    ! 6  B   ! &#& ," $ &6 <,$!" "  (&!    / $  & $&"#& #9:6883%0! G' GB   C#89=;%   B /"C H/   F  #L% /   $& &$" / $&  , &6 C7 '7 %&  $ && / $& &$" #;68V;6@3%+ K &'   ,F<5 "D#899@%,    6              H!    "& 5$"  %&"  .,&    #@%8899 8282  5#899@%G        6  '          @& #  / @  %&& * 2936388 "< HG#899=%      B " #L% C!  .""&" #83268=;% K ,#899=%0     B 5 #L%.""&" #22362:;%  $&=&&#&/6 77 %$ &&".&$"&/6 >7;7