So me f a mil ie S o f Dipt e r a f r o m be e r t r a pS in ba l a t o n Hig Hl a n D, Hu n g a r y Libor Dv o ř á k 1 , k ateřina Dv o ř á k o v á 1 , Jan Má c a 2 & a ttila J. Tr á Je r 3 1 Tři Sekery 21, c Z-35301 Mariánské Lázně, c zech r epublic; e-mail: lib.dvorak@seznam.cz, k.marsova@seznam.cz 2 Na Potoce 276, c Z-39181 v eselí nad Lužnicí, c zech r epublic; e-mail: janxmaca@seznam.cz 3 Sustainability Solutions r esearch Lab, University of Pannonia, e gyetem utca 10, H-8200 v eszprém, Hungary; e-mail: attilatrajer@gmail.com a bstract – Faunistic records for 41 Diptera species from nine families (a nisopodidae, Drosophilidae, Dryomyzidae, Heleomyzidae, Lauxaniidae, Platystomatidae, Sciomyzi- dae, Syrphidae and Ulidiidae) collected at six sites at Felsőörs and Lovas in the Balaton Highland, Hungary are presented. a mongst the material, the species Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Drosophilidae) and Callopistromyia annulipes (Macquart, 1855) (Ulidiidae) belong to invasive pest species. Thermophilous species are represented by interesting records, namely Suillia gigantea (Meigen, 1830), S. lu- rida (Meigen, 1830), S. variegata (Loew, 1862) (all Heleomyzidae), Minettia subvittata (Loew, 1847), Peplomyza discoidea (Meigen, 1830) (both Lauxaniidae), and Otites lamed (Schrank, 1781) (Ulidiidae). Furthermore, the disease vector role of Phortica variegata (Fallén, 1823) (Drosophilidae) is also discussed. k e y w o r DS: beer traps, Diptera, faunistics, Hungary izvleček – Ne k a J Dr UŽIN Dv o k r ILc e v IZ PIv Sk IH Pa STI Na Ba La - To NSk e M v IŠa v JU Na Ma DŽa r Sk e M Predstavljeni so favnistični podatki o 41 vrstah dvokrilcev iz devetih družin (a nisopodidae, Drosophilidae, Dryomyzidae, Heleomyzidae, Lauxaniidae, Platys- tomatidae, Sciomyzidae, Syrphidae in Ulidiidae), zbranih na šestih krajih pri vaseh Felsőörs in Lovas na Balatonskem višavju na Madžarskem. Med temi sta vrsti Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Drosophilidae) in Callopistromyia annulipes (Macquart, 1855) (Ulidiidae), ki sta invazivni vrsti škodljivcev. Toploljubne vrste so 93 ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA SLOVENICA LJUBLJANA, JUNIJ 2021 Vol. 29, øt. 1: 93–106 zastopane z zanimivimi najdbami, kot so Suillia gigantea (Meigen, 1830), S. lurida (Meigen, 1830), S. variegata (Loew, 1862) (vse Heleomyzidae), Minettia subvittata (Loew, 1847), Peplomyza discoidea (Meigen, 1830) (obe Lauxaniidae) in Otites lamed (Schrank, 1781) (Ulidiidae). Poleg tega je obravnavana vloga vrste Phortica variegata (Fallén, 1823) (Drosophilidae) kot prenašalke bolezni. k LJUč Ne Be Se De : pivske pasti, Diptera, favnistika, Madžarska introduction Many Diptera species are important pests and disease vectors. w hile climate change triggers the northward spread of mosquito (Medlock et al. 2012) and sandfly vectors (Fischer et al. 2011), long-distance transport results in the rapid, intercontinental spread of such invasive agricultural pest taxa as e.g., Drosophila suzukii (w alsh et al. 2011, Örsted & Örsted 2019). Many species, especially of a nisopodidae, Dryomyzi- dae, Heleomyzidae, Lauxaniidae, Platystomatidae and Ulidiidae, prefer the moist, shady habitats, because larvae most of them develop in such decaying materials as rotten fruits and fungi or carrion, so that they play an important role in decomposition. Sciomyzidae larvae are aquatic predators or terrestrial parasitoids of moluscs. a l- though most species breed in a decaying plant and fungal material, larvae of a few species, such as D. suzukii, can also feed on fresh fruits. Drosophila species can act as passive vectors of various pathogenic bacteria and fungi (Gilbert 1980). The aim of the study was to study the Diptera assemblages of the Balaton highland using simple method (beer trap) which can bring interesting results differing from those obtained by more standard methods, such as sweeping and using Malaise or Moericke traps. methods Study area. The Balaton Highland is the southern part of the Bakony Mountain r ange which is bordered by the lake Balaton from the south. The distance of the col- lecting sites from lake Balaton is 3 to 4 km. The bedrock is composed of Triassic-age carbonates. There are several karst springs in the area. Mesophilous oak-forest com- munities form the characteristic vegetation (Fig.1). The description of the environment of the trapping sites is as follows: a ll localities are wet and shaded, they were chosen because of preferences by studied families. 1. a lkút spring: a cold headspring (helocren) with an associated marsh at the north-east slope of the k ereszt hill, 47°0'31"N, 17°57'16"e . Eriophorum angustifolium (Honck., 1782) as glacial relict species can be found in this refuge. 2. w atercourse of a lkút spring at the north slope of the k ereszt hill; the direction of the valley is east to west, 47°0'31"N, 17°57'8"e . Carpinus betulus (L.) can be Acta entomologica slovenica, 29 (1), 2021 94 found at this site; some orchid species are represented, however Pulmonaria officinalis (L.) is a common herbaceous species. 3. Stream of Malom spring, site I; C. betulus, Staphylea pinnata (L.) and Acer campestre (L.) are characteristic tree species; the direction of the valley is north to south, 47°0'34"N, 17°56'59"e . a cold and shaded biotope in the bottom of the valley. Asarum europaeum (L.) occurs in the undergrowth. 4. Stream of Malom spring, site II; a much more open and warmer part of the Malom valley than the Malom I site, 47°0'41"N, 17°56'51"e . w ith a row of buildings at the right and broad meadow at the left side of the stream; Salix species occur at the stream coasts. 5. Stream of k irály-kút spring; this site lies at the eastern slope of a hill, on the borderline of a forest and a cattle pasture, 47°0'18"N, 17°56'58"e . The forest is rather mesophilic (Acer species are common trees). Planted stands of Pinus nigra (J.F. a rnold, 1785) can be found in the higher parts of the hill on the western side of the broad valley. 6. a ranyos spring: similar to the previous site, 47°0'12"N, 17°56'59"e . a bit more humid – Equisetum arvense (L.) and Petasites hybridus ((L.) Gaertn. & al., 1801) can be found there. c ows come to drink water from the spring. In the r esult section, the localities are abbreviated by the above-mentioned six numbers (1–6). r espective parts of Figure 2 show the vegetation habitus pictures of a lkút spring, stream of k irály-kút spring, stream of Malom spring and a ranyos spring. t rapping method. w e used the fermented mixture of beer and sugar, which con- tained about four teaspoons of sucrose (~24 g), a 1/2 can of light beer (0.25 l) and about 1 coffee spoon of yeasts (~5-8 g). The material was inoculated with yeast. The fermented material was filled into uncapped plastic bottles and they were hung in the woods at head height. Traps were operated at the six sites of Felsőörs and Lovas (about 47.00° N, 17.95° e ). a ll traps were installed in three periods. In the r esult Libor Dvořák, Kateřina Dvořáková, Jan Máca, Attila J. Trájer: Some families of Diptera from beer traps in Balaton highland, 95 f ig. 1: Position of the studied area in c entral e urope (yellow spot) and the localities of the trapping points in Felsőörs and Lovas. section, these periods are abbreviated as a (29. 4. 2017–16. 5. 2017), B (13.–22. 7. 2017), and c (23.–30. 8. 2017). The trapped flies were conserved in ethyl-alcohol in plastic vials. proceeding of the paper. a ll the material was collected by a . J. Trájer, L. Dvořák sorted out the material. The following families were identified and commented by L. Dvořák (a nisopodidae, Platystomatidae, Syrphidae, and Ulidiidae), k . Dvořáková Acta entomologica slovenica, 29 (1), 2021 96 f ig. 2: v egetation habitus of four collecting sites. Photo: a . J. Trájer. (Dryomyzidae, Heleomyzidae, Lauxaniidae, and Sciomyzidae) and J. Máca (Drosophilidae). The voucher specimens are deposited in the private collections of the authors who made the identification. In the Discussion, comments were made for the species not listed in the c hecklist of the Diptera of Hungary (Papp 2001) and for some remarkable species. w e are using the nomenclature of the portal https://fauna- eu.org, with following exceptions: the genus Otites, family Dryomyzidae, and family Lauxaniidae, where we comply to the newest papers of k ameneva & k orneyev (2019), Semelbauer (2016), and Mathis & Sueyoshi (2011), repectively. r esults During the 2017 season, 1229 specimens of 41 species were captured of studied families of Diptera. The number of species at localities was rather similar and varied between 15 and 20 species (graph 1), unlike the number of species in three periods (graph 2). 28 species were identified in the third period (=c , 23.–30. 8.), 24 in the first period (=a , 29. 4.–16. 5.), and only 19 in the second period (=B, 13.–22. 7.). The highest numbers of species were found in the localities and periods 2c and 6c followed by 5a , 2B, and 4a (all more than 10 species). In contrast with this, the most of specimens (692) were trapped in the period B, (300 in c and 237 in a ), in individual localities and periods (graph 3), the highest numbers were identified from 3B (243 specimens), 2B (171 spec.), 2c (122 spec.), and 6B (112 spec.); the numbers were lower than 100 specimens in other localities and periods. Nine species (Drosophilidae and Heleomyzidae) were found in all localities, Dryomyza anilis in Libor Dvořák, Kateřina Dvořáková, Jan Máca, Attila J. Trájer: Some families of Diptera from beer traps in Balaton highland, 97 g raph 1: Number of species at localities 1–6. all traps. Suillia affinis has the most of specimens (280), of which 87 in one trap (3B). Some other species from families Dryomyzidae, Drosophilidae and Heleomyzi- dae were also caught in the mass numbers. Acta entomologica slovenica, 29 (1), 2021 98 g raph 3: Number of specimens at localities 1–6 in the periods a , B and c . g raph 2: Number of species at localities 1–6 in the periods a , B and c . l ist of species a nisopodidae Sylvicola punctatus (Fabricius, 1787) Material examined – 4a : 1♂, 1♀; 5a : 3♀♀. Drosophilidae Drosophila histrio Meigen, 1830 Material examined – 2c : 1♀; 6a : 1♂, 3♀♀. Drosophila immigrans Sturtevant, 1921 Material examined – 2c : 2♂♂, 1♀; 3c : 1♀. Drosophila kuntzei Duda, 1924 Material examined – 1a : 1♀; 1B: 1♀♀; 2a : 2♂♂; 2B: 22♂♂, 7♀♀; 2c : 4♂♂, 1♀; 3a : 1♂; 3B: 38♂♂, 11♀♀; 3c : 1♀; 4c : 2♂♂; 5a : 1♂, 1♀; 5B: 12♂♂, 1♀; 5c : 1♂, 1♀; 6a : 10♂♂, 2♀; 6c : 4♂♂, 6♀♀. Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 Material examined – 1c : 1♀; 3c : 2♂♂, 9♀♀. Drosophila obscura Fallén, 1823 Material examined – 4a : 1♀; 6c : 3♂♂, 2♀♀. Drosophila phalerata Meigen, 1830 Material examined – 1B: 1♂; 2a : 9♂♂, 4♀♀; 2B: 20♂♂, 11♀♀; 2c : 2♂♂, 5♀♀; 3a : 1♀; 3B: 32♂♂, 22♀♀; 3c : 2♀♀; 4a : 7♂♂, 1♀; 4c : 2♀♀; 5a : 2♂♂; 5B: 24♂♂, 7♀♀; 6a : 4♂♂, 2♀♀. Drosophila simulans Sturtevant, 1919 Material examined – 3c : 1♂, 5♀♀; 6c : 1♀. Drosophila subobscura c ollin in Gordon, 1936 Material examined – 1a : 4♂♂, 1♀; 2a : 1♂; 3a : 2♂♂; 3c : 1♂, 3♀♀; 4a : 2♀♀; 4c : 1♂; 5a : 1♂, 3♀♀; 6a : 1♂, 1♀; 6c : 1♀. a west-Palaearctic species with a globally increasing range due to international transport of goods. It is habitat-tolerant, occurring at forest edges, wetlands, bushes etc., also in gardens, houses and canning factories, where it supports spreading of de- cay; it can develop in the sap flow of injured trees as well as in decaying fruit. Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) Material examined – 1c : 1♀; 4c : 1♂. The a sian cherry fly, which infests ripening cherries and other soft-skin fruits, is native roughly to the south-eastern half of a sia. r ecently – mostly after the onset of Libor Dvořák, Kateřina Dvořáková, Jan Máca, Attila J. Trájer: Some families of Diptera from beer traps in Balaton highland, 99 this millenium – it has invaded e urope (also reached Turkey, Nw Iran and Morocco), North and South a merica, k enya, and some oceanic islands such as Hawaii, French Polynesia, Madeira, a zores and r éunion (c alabria et al. 2012, c habert et al. 2012, Poyet et al. 2014, Örsted & Örsted 2019). D. suzukii causes severe economic losses (c ini et al. 2012). In Hungary, it was first recorded in the year 2012 from the locality Táska, some 10 km to the south of Balaton lake (k iss et al. 2013); several Hungarian localities are known at present. Drosophila testacea von r oser, 1840 Material examined – 1a : 1♀; 1B: 1♀; 1c : 1♂; 2a : 3♂♂, 1♀; 2B: 20♂♂, 11♀♀; 2c : 4♂♂, 9♀♀; 3a : 1♂; 3B: 10♂♂, 4♀♀; 4a : 1♀; 4c : 1♂; 5a : 1♀; 5B: 4♂♂; 6a : 2♂♂; 6c : 3♂♂. Drosophila transversa Fallén, 18230 Material examined – 2B: 1♀; 2c : 1♂; 3B: 1♂, 1♀; 4c : 1♀. Drosophila unimaculata Strobl, 1893 Material examined – 3a : 2♂♂; 3B: 2♀♀. Hirtodrosophila confusa (Stæger, 1844) Material examined – 3B: 3♀♀; 5a : 1♂, 1♀; 5B: 1♀; 5c : 1♂. Leucophenga maculata (Dufour, 1839) Material examined – 5B: 1♂, 2♀♀; 5c : 1♂; 6a : 1♀; 6c : 1♂. Phortica variegata (Fallén, 1823) Material examined – 4a : 1♀. w est-Palaearctic species, recently introduced to North a merica. It is an intermediate host of the nematode Thelazia callipaeda (r ailliet and Henry, 1910) under natural conditions (o tranto et al. 2006a). This zoophilic fruit fly can be collected in the highest number during July to a ugust in e urope (o tranto et al. 2006b). Larvae of the nematode are transmitted by secretophagous flies into the conjunctival sac and sur- rounding tissues of wild and domestic mammals, as well as humans (reviewed in o tranto & Traversa 2005). Thelaziasis occurred originally in southeast a sia (e.g., y ang et al. 2006; k rishnachary et al. 2014; k osin et al. 1989); more than thirty years ago it was first observed in e urope and now it has been recorded from many e uropean countries including Hungary (o tranto & Dutto 2008, do v ale et al. 2020). Scaptodrosophila deflexa (Duda, 1924) Material examined – 1a : 1♀; 1B: 1♂. Dryomyzidae Dryomyza anilis Fallén, 1820 Acta entomologica slovenica, 29 (1), 2021 100 Material examined – 1a : 1♂; 1B: 9♂♂, 5♀♀; 1c : 3♀♀; 2a : 3♂♂, 14♀♀; 2B: 6♂♂, 9♀♀; 2c : 8♂♂, 14♀♀; 3a : 4♂♂, 2♀♀; 3 B: 7♂♂, 5♀♀; 3c : 1♂, 1♀; 4a : 5♂♂, 3♀♀; 4B: 11♂♂, 9♀♀; 4c : 11♂♂, 4♀♀; 5a : 3♂♂, 4♀♀; 5B: 7♂♂, 3♀♀; 5c : 2♂♂, 1♀; 6a : 3♂♂, 1♀; 6B: 10♂♂, 12♀♀; 6c : 10♂♂, 7♀♀. Dryope flaveola (Fabricius, 1794) Material examined – 2a : 1♂; 2c : 1♂; 4a : 1♂; 6B: 2♂♂; 6c : 3♂♂, 1♀. Heleomyzidae Suillia affinis (Meigen, 1830) Material examined – 1B: 1♂, 2♀♀; 1c : 3♂♂, 4♀♀; 2a : 1♂, 1♀; 2B: 23♂♂, 7♀♀; 2c : 31♂♂, 13♀; 3a : 1♀; 3 B: 47♂♂, 40♀♀; 4B: 22♂♂, 11♀♀; 4c : 5♂♂, 1♀; 5a : 1♂; 5B: 6♂♂, 6♀♀; 5c : 1♂; 6a : 5♂♂, 6♀♀; 6B: 24♂♂, 9♀♀; 6c : 6♂♂, 3♀♀. Suillia bicolor (Zetterstedt, 1838) Material examined – 3 c : 1♀. Suillia gigantea (Meigen, 1830) Material examined – 1B: 2♀♀; 1c : 1♀; 2a : 1♂; 2B: 14♂♂, 13♀♀; 2c : 4♂♂, 2♀♀; 3 B: 6♂♂, 7♀♀; 3c : 1♂, 1♀; 4B: 3♂♂, 4♀♀; 4c : 1♀; 5a : 2♂♂, 1♀; 5B: 1♂; 5c : 3♂♂, 2♀♀; 6a : 25♂♂, 3♀♀; 6B: 15♂♂, 17♀♀; 6c : 4♂♂. Thermophilous species, common in Hungary in suitable conditions. Suillia lurida (Meigen, 1830) Material examined – 6B: 1♂, 1♀. Larvae develop in garlic, onion, and other related plants, they are ranked as not important agriculture pests. Suillia pallida (Fallén, 1820) Material examined – 2c : 1♂, 2♀♀; 6B: 2♂♂, 5♀♀; 6c : 1♂. Suillia ustulata (Meigen, 1830) Material examined – 2c : 1♂. This species is known from several e uropean countries, but it is collected only in- dividually; the larvae develop in dead alder stems. Suillia variegata (Loew, 1862) Material examined – 1a : 1♂; 1c : 6♂♂, 1♀; 2B: 1♂, 2♀♀; 2c : 6♂♂, 5♀♀; 3 B: 3♂♂, 4♀♀; 4B: 1♂, 2♀♀; 5B: 1♂; 5c : 4♂♂, 2♀♀; 6B: 1♀; 6c : 4♂♂, 2♀♀. Thermophilous species, common in Hungary in suitable conditions. Tephrochlamys flavipes (Zetterstedt, 1838) Material examined – 6c : 1♂. Libor Dvořák, Kateřina Dvořáková, Jan Máca, Attila J. Trájer: Some families of Diptera from beer traps in Balaton highland, 101 l auxaniidae Meiosimyza decempunctata (Fallén, 1820) Material examined – 1c : 1♂, 1♀; 2B: 1♂, 1♀; 2c : 3♀♀; 3c : 1♀; 4B: 1♂, 1♀; 4c : 1♂; 5B: 1♀; 5c : 2♂♂, 1♀; 6B: 5♂♂, 7♀♀; 6c : 1♀. Meiosimyza rorida (Fallén, 1820) Material examined – 5c : 3♀♀; 6c : 1♂. Minettia subvittata (Loew, 1847) Material examined – 1B: 2♂♂. Thermophilous species, common in Hungary in suitable conditions. Peplomyza discoidea (Meigen, 1830) Material examined – 2B: 1♂. Thermophilous species, common in Hungary in suitable conditions. Pseudolyciella sp. Material examined – 1c : 1♀. There are three species of the genus Pseudolyciella known from Hungary, all identifiable according to the male terminalia only. However, there are crosses between these taxa and also according to the wing shape morphometric analyses it is probable that the genus Pseudolyciella includes only one morphoplastic species (Semelbauer 2016). Tricholauxania praeusta (Fallén, 1820) Material examined – 5c : 1♂. platystomatidae Platystoma seminatione (Fabricius, 1775) Material examined – 1a : 7♂♂, 3♀♀. Sciomyzidae Euthycera chaerophylli (Fabricius, 1798) Material examined – 1c : 1♀; 2c : 1♂. Syrphidae Volucella inflata (Fabricius, 1794) Material examined – 4a : 2♀♀; 5a : 1♀. u lidiidae Callopistromyia annulipes (Macquart, 1855) Material examined – 1a : 1♀. This species was not included in the checklist of Papp (2001), its first records from Hungary were published by k ameneva & Pekarsky (2016). It is an invasive Acta entomologica slovenica, 29 (1), 2021 102 species in e urope, first published from e urope by Merz (2007). For the present dis- tribution see e. g., Dvořák et al. (2019). Otites lamed (Schrank, 1781) Material examined – 1a : 1♀. Otites levigata (Loew, 1873) Material examined – 2a : 19♂♂, 4♀♀; 4a : 2♂♂, 1♀. a species known mainly from south-eastern e urope – in a relatively small area bordered by Italy, Slovakia, and Bulgaria. Otites ornata (Meigen, 1826) = O. bacescui (Gheorghiu, 1987) Material examined – 4a : 3♂♂, 1♀; 5a : 4♂♂, 1♀. a south e uropean species occurring from France to Bulgaria. This species was not included to the Hungarian checklist (Papp 2001), although k ameneva (1997) re- ported the material from Hungary. w e confirm the occurrence for Hungary. Otites ruficeps (Fabricius, 1805) = O. formosa (Panzer, 1798) Material examined – 2a : 1♂; 3a : 1♂; 6a : 1♂. Discussion Many of studied species are psychrophilous or rather psychrophilous, so that they can occur more often at the beginning and the end of season, which explains the smaller number of species in the middle of the season. Moreover, in a ugust, the summer and autumn aspects meet. The mass occurrence of some species in the middle of the season can be explained by their retreatment to the shaded valleys during the hottest time of the year. The beer traps are catching different species spectrum than other traps or sweeping, as we found in previous surveys (for example Dvořáková 2008, Dvořák et al. 2019). It is not always clear why this is the case. For example, regular high incidence of mycetophagous Suillia species is surprising. a dults, in contrast with larvae, probably prefer fermenting juice. More detailed comparison of various types of traps would require special research in terrain or meta-research of published results. Conclusions During the survey using beer traps in Balaton highlands in 2017, altogether 41 Diptera species from nine families were identified: a nisopodidae (one species), Drosophilidae (16 species), Dryomyzidae (two species), Heleomyzidae (eight species), Lauxaniidae (six species), Platystomatidae (one species), Sciomyzidae (one species), Syrphidae (one species), and Ulidiidae (five species). Libor Dvořák, Kateřina Dvořáková, Jan Máca, Attila J. Trájer: Some families of Diptera from beer traps in Balaton highland, 103 c ommon and widespread species prevailed in the material. a mong others, we caught several thermophilous species, as Suillia gigantea, S. variegata (Heleomyzidae), Minettia subvittata, Peplomyza discoidea (Lauxaniidae) and Otites lamed (Ulidi- idae). The species Callopistromyia annulipes (Ulidiidae) and Drosophila suzukii (Drosophilidae) are imported invasive fly species. The second one, as well as Suillia lurida (Heleomyzidae), are ranked as agriculture pests. Some species of Drosophila (e. g. D. immigrans, D. melanogaster, D. subobscura) are noxious in the food industry. o ne species, Phortica variegata, is a species of medical importance. a cknowledgement w e would like to say thank to Szabolcs v arga (University of Pannonia, Hungary) for his technical assistance. 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