Mahovna flora fitogeografskega podobmočja Dravski Kozjak (Slovenija)
The bryophyte flora of phytogeographic subregion Dravski Kozjak (Slovenia)
Andrej Martinčič
Zaloška 78a, SI-1000 Ljubljana; e-mail: andrej.martincic@siol.net Izvleček
V članku avtor podaja rezultate lastnih florističnih raziskovanj mahovne flore fitogeografskega podobmočja Dravski Kozjak (del alpskega fitogeografskega območja), vključuje pa tudi podatke iz literature in iz herbarija LJU. Mahovna flora obsega 306 vrst, od tega 62 vrst jetrenjakov (Marchantiophyta) in 244 vrst listnatih mahov (Bryophyta). Med njimi je 193 vrst prvič omenjeno za fitogeografsko podobmočje Dravski Kozjak. Podana je tudi fitogeografska analiza. V Rdeči seznam ogrožene mahovne flore Slovenije je vključeno 24 vrst. Na evropskem Rdečem seznamu (ECCB 1995) sta 2 vrsti: Anacamptodon splachoides (E) in Brachythecium geheebii (R).
Abstract
The study gives results on new bryophyte records of phytogeographical subregion Kozjak (part of Alpine phytogeographical region) as well as the previous reports from literature and data from LJU. In total, 306 species are reported from the investigated subregion, 62 liverworts and 244 mosses. Among them 193 species are reported for the first time for phytogeographical subregion Kozjak. In the national Red List are included 24 species and 2 species in the Red Data Book of European Bryophytes (ECCB 1995): Anacamptodon splachoides in the endangered (E) category and Brachythecium geheebii in the rare (R) category.
1. Uvod
Raziskanost mahovne flore fitogeografskega podobmočja Dravski Kozjak, ki je del alpskega fitogeografskega območja, močno odstopa od raziskanosti drugih fitogeografskih enot Slovenije (Martinčič 2003). Za ta predel je bilo doslej navedeno v literaturi le 95 vrst listnatih mahov (Musci) in 19 vrst jetrenjakov (Hepaticae). Največji del teh podatkov sta prispevala Juratzka (1882) in Breidler (1891, 1894). Žal pa je nahajališče točneje navedeno le za manjši del vrst. Pri večjem delu vrst je le splošna oznaka "Possruck". S tem imenom označujeta predel nad Selnico ob Dravi, ki je v Atlasu Slovenije in na specialki (1: 25.000) imenovan Kozjak. Ker obsega dele 4 kvadrantov oz. 4 osnovnih polj, ni mogoče natančneje določiti lege teh nahajališč. Manjše število podatkov je v fitocenoloških popisih, ki jih je objavil Piskernik (1977). V prispevek so vljučeni tudi neobjavljeni podatki iz herbarija S. Groma, sedaj v LJU, ki jih je nabral M. Wraber pri fitocenološkem popisovanju.
2.	Kratka geografska in ekološka oznaka Dravskega Kozjaka
Raziskovani predel je po fitogeografski razdelitvi Slovenije (Wraber 1969) vključen v alpsko fitogeografsko območje - podobmočje Pohorje. Za potrebe briološkega kartiranja pa smo ga izločili kot samostojno podobmočje v okviru alpskega fitogeografskega območja (Martinčič 2003). Meja podobmočja poteka na zahodu in jugu po reki Dravi, na severu po državni meji, na vzhodu pa se zaključi nad Mariborom, istočasno z mejo alpskega fitogeografskega območja. V geografskem pogledu se pokrajinska enota deli na dva dela. Zahodni del je Košenjak, skrajni južni odrastek avstrijske centralnoalpske Golice, ki sega z istoimenskim vrhom na 1522 m nadmorske višine. Vzhodni del je Kozjak, z najvišjim vrhom Kapunar (1050 m). Mejo med obema deloma tvori rečica Bistrica oz. Mučka Bistrica, ki se pri Muti izliva v Dravo. V strma pobočja so vodotoki zarezali mnoge globače. Geološka podlaga je zelo pestra, vendar prevladujejo paleozojske metamorfne kamnine. To se odraža tudi v pedološkem pogledu. Prevladujejo različno kisle prsti na nekarbonatnih kamninah, njihova globina pa je odvisna predvsem od nagiba reliefa. Podnebje je zmerno celinsko.
Gozdno vegetacijo v spodnjem montanskem pasu (Wraber 1963 - vir: Vreš 1984) tvori zlasti acidofilna bukova združba Luzulo-Fagetum Meusel 1937, nad njo pa uspeva naravni smrekov gozd Luzulo sylvaticae-Piceetum M. Wraber 1963. Večje površine pokriva tudi sekundarni smrekov gozd z vijugasto masnico (Avenello flexuosae-Piceetum M. Wraber 1953). Manjše sestoje gradita še jelka in gozdni bor. Ob vodotokih gradijo združbe drevesne vrste Alnus glutinosa, A. incana, Fraxinus excelsior in Acer pseudoplatanus.
3.	Metodika
Nabiranje mahovnega materiala je bilo opravljeno v letih od 1997 do 2009. Mahovi so bili nabrani v vseh pomembnih habitatih tega območja, v gozdovih, traviščih, na skalovju, na zamočvirjenih mestih, v izvirih, na bregovih vodotokov in na skalah v njih, na drevesni skorji in razpadlem lesu. Pomemben sekundarni habitat z veliko vrstno pestrostjo so obcestne brežine, zlasti skalovite.
Mahovni material je shranjen v herbariju Oddelka za biologijo Biotehniške fakultete, Univerze v Ljubljani (LJU). Zaradi popolnosti prikaza so v delu vpoštevani tudi podatki v doslej objavljeni literaturi. Manjše število podatkov pa izvira tudi iz herbarija S. Groma, ki je del herbarij ske zbirke LJU. V nomenklaturi in taksonomiji smo sledili delu Schumacker & Vana (2005) zajetrenjake (Marchantiophyta) ter delu Hill & al. (2006) za listnate mahove (Bryophyta).
Podlaga za opredelitev geoelementov in pripadnosti posamezne vrste določenemu geoelementu je delo Dull & al. (1999), vendar v mnogočem modificirano z upoštevanjem del Hill & Preston (1998) in Martinčič (1966, 2006).
3.1 Lokalitete nabiranja
Seznam lokalitet obsega tiste, kjer je nabiral mahovni material avtor prispevka ter lokalitete, navedene v literaturi in v herbariju (LJU). Vsaki lokaliteti je dodana lega v mreži srednjeevropskega florističnega kartiranja ter v oklepaju lega v UTM (33T - 10x10 km) mreži. V Seznamu taksonov so lokalitete navedene le s številkami.
1-1. Košenjak, vznožje pri vasi Vič blizu Dravograda, 400 m , 15. 9. 2008. AL: Z-9356/3 (WM06).
1-2. Košenjak: Koparčev vrh, 1000 m, 16. 9. 2008. AL: Z-9356/3 (WM06). 1-3. Košenjak: južno pobočje, 1100 m, 16. 9. 2008. AL: Z-9356/3 (WM06). 1-4. Košenjak: Goriški vrh. AL: Z-9356/3 (WM06).
1-5. Košenjak: Goriški vrh - Andrejnik, 700 m, 16. 9. 2008. AL: Z-9356/3 (WM06). 1-6. Košenjak: pri kmetiji Armel, 800 m, 16. 9. 2008. AL: Z-9356/3 (WM06). 1-7. Košenjak: dolina potoka Velka - pri Žnidarju, 550 m, 9. 9. 2004. AL: Z-9356/3 (WM06). 1-8. Košenjak: dolina potoka Velka - blizu Lapanove stene, 620 m, 17. 9. 2008. AL: Z-9356/3 (WM06).
1-9. Košenjak: dolina potoka Velka - Lapanova stena, 550 m, 17. 9. 2008. AL:Z-9356/3 (WM06).
1-10. Košenjak: dolina potoka Velka - pri Keglu, 400 m, 17. 9. 2008. AL: Z-9356/3 (WM06). 1-11. Košenjak: nad Muto, 450 m, september 1990. AL: Z-9356/4 (WM16). 1-12. Košenjak: Sv. Tomaž nad Muto, 900 m, 1961, herb. Grom. AL: Z-9356/4 (WM16). 1-13. Košenjak: Pernice; Pernice-Mlake, herb. Grom. AL: Z-9356/4 (WM06).
1-14.	Sv. Jernej nad dolino Mučke Bistrice, 1000 m. AL: Z-9356/2 (WM16).
2-1.	dolina Mučke Bistrice: blizu državne meje, 500 m, september 1990. AL: Z-9356/2 (WM06).
2-2. dolina Mučke Bistrice: pri Škorjancu, 430 m, september 1990. AL: Z-9356/4 (WM16). 2-3. dolina Mučke Bistrice: pri Stoparju, 450 m, september 1990. AL: Z-9356/4 (WM16). 2-4. dolina Mučke Bistrice: pri Lancu, 420 m, september 1990. AL: Z-9356/4 (WM16). 2-5. dolina Mučke Bistrice: pri Sedelnikovem slapu, 450 m, 4. 9. 2004. AL: Z-9356/4 (WM16). 2-6. dolina Mučke Bistrice: pri Verdniku, 440 m, september 1990. AL: Z-9356/4 (WM16). 2-7. dolina Mučke Bistrice: pri Hubnerju, 380 m, september 1990. AL: Z-9356/4 (WM16). 2-8. dolina Mučke Bistrice: pri Štefanu, 360 m, september 1990. AL: Z-9356/4 (WM16). 2-9. dolina Mučke Bistrice: pri Bunderju nad Muto, 360 m, september 1990. AL: Z-9356/4 (WM16).
2-10. dolina Mučke Bistrice: pri Muti, 340 m, september 1990. AL: Z-9356/4 (WM16). 2-11. Muta, 380 m, 17. 9. 2003. AL: Z-9357/3 (WM16).
2-12.	pri Muti, izliv Mučke Bistrice v Dravo, 320 m, september 1990. AL: Z-9357/3 (WM16).
3-1.	dolina potoka Vud, 450-550 m, 17. 9. 2003. AL: Z-9356/4 (WM16).
3-2.	Preval nad dolino potoka Vud, 550 m, 17. 9. 2004. AL: Z-9356/4 (WM16).
4-1.	Radlje ob Dravi, 370 m. AL: Z-9357/3 (WM16).
4-2. dolina Radeljskega potoka, 420 m, 17. 9. 2004. AL: Z-9357/3 (WM16). 4-3. nad Sp. Vižingo pri Radljah ob Dravi, 340 m. AL: Z-9357/3 (WM16). 4-4. Radelj (Breidler 1894). AL: Z-9357/3 (WM16).
4-5.	Kapunar (Breidler 1894). AL: Z-9357/3 (WM16).
5-1.	Remšnik, 550-650 m, 17. 9. 2003. AL: Z-9357/4 (WM16).
6-1.	Brezno, v dolini Drave, 300 m, 17. 9. 2003. AL: Z-9457/2 (WM26).
7-1.	Ožbalt, 320 m. AL: Z-9458/1 (WM26).
7-2. Javniški graben pri Ožbaltu, 400 m, 17. 9. 2003. AL: Z-9458/1 (WM26). 7-3. Črmeniška dolina pri Vurmatu, herb. Grom. AL: Z-9358/4 (VM36). 7-4. nad zaselkom Šturm v dolini Drave (Breidler 1894). AL: Z-9458/2 (VM35). 7-5. Veliki Boč (Breidler 1894). AL: Z-9358/4 (WM36).
7-6.	Duh na Ostrem vrhu (Breidler 1894). AL: Z-9358/4 (WM36).
8-1:	dolina reke Bistrice nad Selnico ob Dravi, pod Kocetovim vrhom, 500 m, 24. 9. 2009. AL: Z-9459/1 (WM35).
8-2: dolina reke Bistrice nad Selnico ob Dravi, pod Jarčevim vrhom, 360 m, 24. 9. 2009. AL: Z-9459/1 (WM35).
8-3.	Žavcerjev vrh (Breidler 1894). AL: Z-9359/3 (WM46).
9-1:	dolina Habidovega potoka, 500 m, 24. 9. 2009. AL: Z-9459/1 (WM45).
10-1.	Sv. Križ nad Brestrnico, 500 m, 24. 9. 2009. AL: Z-9359/3 (WM46).
10-2. dolina Brestrniškega potoka nad Brestrnico, 350 m, 24. 9. 2009. AL: Z-9459/1 (WM45).
10-3. Srednje nad Brestrnico (Breidler 1894). AL: Z-9459/1 (WM45).
10-4. Hajdov vrh (Breidler 1894). AL: Z-9459/1 (WM45).
10-5. Kamnica pri Mariboru (Breidler 1894). AL: Z-9459/2 (WM45).
10-6.	Sv. Urban pri Rošpohu (Breidler 1894). AL: Z-9359/4 (WM46).
11-1.	Kozjak (Breidler 1894). AL: Z-9459/1.
4. Rezultati in razprava
4.1 Floristični rezultati
Mahovna flora fitogeografskega podobmočja Dravski Kozjak obsega 306 vrst, od tega 244 vrst listnatih mahov (Bryophyta) in 62 vrst jetrenjakov (Marchantiophyta). Pri listnatih mahovih predstavlja to število 39% doslej ugotovljenih vrst v Sloveniji (Martinčič 2003). Število ugotovljenih vrst jetrenjakov pa predstavlja 36% trenutno v Sloveniji znanih vrst (Sabovljevič & Natcheva 2006, Ros & al. 2007). Za fitogeografsko podobmočje Dravski Kozjak je novih 44 vrst jetrenjakov in 149 vrst listnatih mahov. Floristično pomembne vrste, ki imajo v Sloveniji manj kot 5 nahajališč so: Lophozia elongata, Mannia fragrans, Riccia ciliata, Hygrohypnum eugyrium, Hypnum pallescens subsp. reptile, Leucobryum juniperoideum, Oligotrichum hercynicum, Plagiothecium piliferum, Pohlia proligera in Tortula inermis. Velika vrstna pestrost, ki se kaže v skupnem številu vrst, je razvidna tudi na nivoju kvadrantov. V tem pogledu izstopata zlasti kvadranta 9356/3 in 9356/4. Prvi kvadrant obsega velik del pogorja Košenjak, mahovna flora pa šteje 35 vrst jetrenjakov in 119 vrst listnatih mahov. V drugem kvadrantu obsega preiskovano območje razmeroma ozek pas vzdolž reke Mučke Bistrice in manjšo dolino potoka Vud. Mahovna flora obsega 27 vrst jetrenjakov in 111 vrst listnatih mahov. Razlogi za veliko vrstno pestrost so zlasti kisle silikatne kamnine in zakisana pedološka podlaga, velika zračna vlažnost, številni vodotoki, mokro skalovje in razpadajoči štori ter razpadajoč les. Zelo bogata rastišča predstavljajo tudi obcestne brežine z mokrimi, senčnimi skalami.
4.2 Seznam taksonov
Z * so označene "ranljive" (V) vrste iz Rdečega seznama, z ** so označene "redke" (R) vrste. Marchantiophyta - jetrenjaki
Anastrophyllum michauxii (F. Weber) H. Buch - subarkt-subalp: 2-1. Anastrophyllum minutum (Schreb.) R.M. Schust. - bor-mont: 2-1. *Aneurapinguis (L.) Dumort. - subbor: 8-1.
Barbilophozia barbata (Schmidel ex Schreb.) Loeske - subbor: 4-4 (Breidler 1894). Bazzania trilobata (L.) Gray - subbor: 1-1; 1-4 (Grom herb.); 1-12 (Grom, herb.); 5-1. Blasia pusilla L. - bor-mont: 1-8; 3-1; 4-4 (Breidler 1894); 5-1; 9-1; 10-1; 11 (Breidler 1894). Blepharostoma trichophyllum (L.) Dumort. - subbor: 1-1; 1-6; 1-8; 2-2; 3-1; 8-2. Calypogeia azurea Stotler & Crotz - subbor: 1-1; 2-1; 2-9; 5-1; 8-1. Calypogeia fissa (L.) Raddi - temp: 1-1; 10-1. ""Calypogeia integristipula Steph. - bor-temp: 1-1; 1-2. Calypogeia muelleriana (Schiffn.) Müll. Frib. - subbor: 5-1.
Chiloscyphus coadunatus (Sw.) J.J. Engel & R.M. Schust. - temp: 1-1; 1-7; 2-10; 5-1; 7-2; 9-1; 8-1; 10-2.
var. rivularis Loeske - temp: 1-1; 1-7; 1-8; 2-1; 2-5; 2-9; 3-2; 5-1; 7-2; 8-1; 9-1. Chiloscyphus minor (Nees) J.J. Engel & R.M. Schust. - temp-subkont: 3-1. Chiloscyphuspallescens (Ehrh. ex Hoffm.) Dumort. - subbor: 5-1; 9-1; 10-2. Chiloscyphuspolyanthos (L.) Corda - subbor: 2-1; 2-10; 8-1; 10-2.
Chiloscyphus profundus (Nees) J.J. Engel & R.M. Schust. - temp: 1-1; 1-2; 1-3; 1-5; 1-6; 1-8;
2-1;	3-1; 3-2; 5-1; 7-2.
Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort. - subbor: 1-1; 1-7; 1-8; 1-13 (Grom, herb.); 2-1; 2-5; 3-1;
3-2;	5-1; 7-2; 7-3 (Grom, herb.); 9-1; 8-1; 8-2; 10-2.
Diplophyllum albicans (L.) Dumort. - bor-temp: 1-7; 2-1; 2-2; 1-12 (Grom, herb.); 4-4
(Breidler 1894); 5-1; 8-2. Diplophyllum obtusifolium (Hook.) Dumort. - bor-temp: 5-1. Frullania dilatata (L.) Dumort. - merid-temp: 1-8; 3-1; 7-2; 9-1; 8-1; 8-2; 10-1; 10-2. Frullania riparia Hampe ex Lehm - submed: 1-8; 9-1. Jungermannia atrovirens Dumort. - bor-temp: 1-9. Jungermannia hyalina Lyell - temp: 1-9; 5-1. Jungermannia leiantha Grolle - bor-mont: 1-1. Jungermannia obovata Nees - bor-mont: 2-1; 2-2; 5-1. Jungermannia pumila With. - subbor: 8-2. Jungermannia sphaerocarpa Hook. - bor-mont: 1-8.
Lejeunea cavifolia (Ehrh.) Lindb. - ubikv: 1-8; 1-10; 2-1; 2-5; 2-10; 3-1; 7-2; 9-1; 8-1; 10-1. Lepidozia reptans (L.) Dumort. - bor-temp: 1-1; 1-2; 2-1; 3-1; 5-1; 7-2; 8-2. Lophozia bantriensis (Hook.) Steph. - bor-mont: 1-1; 3-1; 2-2; 2-5.
Najnovejše liste jetrenjakov za nekdanjo Jugoslavijo (Düll & al. 1999), za jugovzhodno Evropo (Sabovl jevič & Natcheva, 2006) in za Mediteran (Ros & al. 2007) ne navajajo vrste za Slovenijo. Vendar je bila vrsta za Slovenijo že navedena. Prvi jo omenja Morton (1937, 1939), ko je objavil rezultate raziskovanja flore ob vhodih in v notranjosti kraških jam v Postojni in
okolici. Kasneje je poslal mahovni material v revizijo briologu Latzelu, ki je potrdil pravilnost določitev in najdbe objavil (Latzel 1942). Pol stoletja kasneje sta prisotnost vrste v Rakovem Škocjanu ponovno potrdila Sguazzin & Polli (1999). Lophozia collaris (Nees) Dumort. - bor-mont: 1-8; 2-2. ""Lophozia elongata (Lindb.) Steph. - bor-mont: 2-10.
Edino doslej znano nahajališče v Sloveniji je Smrekova draga v Trnovskem gozdu, kjer jo je našel Loitlesberger leta 1902. Vendar je nahajališče te, v alpskem prostoru zelo redke vrste prvi objavil šele Müller (1906-1916: 767), čeprav je Loitlesberger prispevek o jetrenjakih tedanje pokrajine "Küstenland" publiciral že leta 1905. Ta edini podatek so kasneje upoštevali še Pavletic (1955), Düll & al. (1999), Sabovljevic & Natcheva (2006) in Ross & al. (2007). Mannia fragrans (Balbis) Frye & L. Clark - submed: 11-1 (Breidler 1894); 2-12 (Breidler 1894).
Edini nahajališči v alpskem fitogeografskem območju Slovenije. Marchantia polymorpha L. subsp. ruderalis Bischl. & Boisselier - bor-temp: 1-8. Marsupella emarginata (Ehrh.) Dumort. - bor-temp: 7-4 (Breidler 1894). Metzgeria conjugata Lindb. - bor-temp: 1-1; 1-8; 2-1; 2-2; 2-10; 3-1; 7-2; 7-3 (Grom, herb.); 9-1; 8-2; 10-2.
Metzgeria furcata (L.) Dumort. - bor-temp: 1-9; 2-2; 2-5; 3-2; 7-2; 9-1; 8-2.
Nowellia curvifolia (Dicks.) Mitt. - bor-temp: 1-1; 1-2; 1-6; 1-8; 3-1; 4-5 (Breidler 1894); 7-2;
11-1 (Breidler 1894). Odontoschisma denudatum (Mart.) Dumort. - bor-temp: 8-2 (Breidler 1894). Pedinophyllum interruptum (Nees) Kaal. - temp: 1-7; 1-10; 2-4; 2-5; 3-1. Pellia endiviifolia (Dicks.) Dumort. - merid-temp: 1-1; 1-9; 2-1; 2-5; 2-10; 3-1; 5-1; 7-4
(Breidler 1894); 8-1; 8-2; 10-2. Pellia epiphylla (L.) Corda - bor-temp: 3-1; 5-1 (Grom, herb. - det. A. Martinčič). Pellia neesiana (Gottsche) Limpr. - bor-mont: 1-6; 10-2.
Plagiochila asplenioides (L. em. Taylor) Dumort. - temp: 1-1; 1-4; 2-1; 3-1; 1-12 (Grom herb.); 5-1; 7-2; 9-1; 8-1.
Plagiochila porelloides (Torrey ex Nees) Linde - subbor 1-1; 1-7; 1-8; 1-13 (Grom, herb.);
2-1; 2-2; 2-5; 1-12; 3-1; 4-1 (Grom, herb.); 5-1; 7-2; 7-3 (Grom, herb.); 9-1; 8-1; 10-1; 10-2. Porella arboris-vitae (With.) Grolle - subatl-submed: 1-7; 2-1; 2-5; 4-4 (Breidler 1894); 11-1 (Breidler 1894).
Porella platyphylla (L.) Pfeiff. - bor-temp: 1-7; 1-8; 2-1; 2-5; 6-1; 8-1. Preissia quadrata (Scop.) Nees - bor-mont: 1-1; 2-3; 2-5. Ptilidium ciliare (L.) Hampe - bor-mont: 1-2.
Ptilidium pulcherrimum (Web.) Vain. - bor-mont: 4-5 (Breidler 1894); 11-1 (Breidler 1894). Radula complanata (L.) Dumort. - bor-temp: 1-8; 2-10; 3-1; 7-2; 9-1; 8-1; 8-2. Reboulia hemisphaerica (L.) Raddi - merid-temp: 1-8; 11-1 (Breidler 1894). Riccardia latifrons (Lindb.) Lindb. - subbor: 7-5 (Breidler 1894). Riccardia multifida (L.) Gray - bor-temp: 2-2; 10-2 (Breidler 1894). Riccardia palmata (Hedw.) Carruth. - bor-mont: 1-1; 4-4 (Breidler 1894); 11-1 (Breidler 1894).
Riccia ciliata Hoffm. - subtemp: 10-3 (Breidler 1894). Edino nahajališče v Sloveniji.
var. intumescens (Bischl.) Heeg - subtemp: 11-1 (Breidler 1894).
Riccia sorocarpa Bischl. - subtemp: 11-1 (Breidler 1894).
Scapania aequiloba (Schwaegr.) Dumort. - bor-mont: 7-6 (Breidler 1894); 10-2 (Breidler
1894); 10-4 (Breidler 1894). Scapania nemorea (L.) Grolle - bor-temp: 5-1; 7-2. *Scapania undulata (L.) Dumort. - bor-temp: 5-1.
Trichocollea tomentella (Ehrh.) Dumort. - temp: 2-1; 2-2; 2-3; 2-8; 2-10; 3-1. Tritomaria quinquedentata (Huds.) H. Buch - bor-mont: 7-6 (Matouschek 1900, leg. J. Murr).
Bryophyta - listnati mahovi
Abietinella abietina (Hedw.) M. Fleisch. - ubikv: 3-2.
**Acaulon muticum (Hedw.) Müll.Hal. - temp: 10-3 (Juratzka 1882, Breidler 1891).
**Aloina ambigua (Bruch & Schimp.) Limpr. - merid-temp: 10-5 (Breidler 1891).
Aloina rigida (Hedw.) Limpr. - temp: 2-11 (Breidler 1891).
Amblystegium confervoides Schimp. - bor-temp: 1-8.
Amblystegium serpens (Hedw.) Schimp. - ubikv: 1-1; 1-8; 2-3; 3-1; 5-1; 8-1.
Amblystegium subtile (Hedw.) Schimp. - temp-subkont: 1-8; 2-2; 10-1.
Amphidium mougeotii (Schimp.) Schimp. - bor-mont: 1-7; 1-9; 2-1; 2-2; 2-3; 2-5; 3-1; 4-4
(Breidler 1891); 5-1; 8-2; 11-1 (Breidler 1891). Anacamptodon splachnoides (Froel. ex Brid.) Brid. - temp-subkont: 10-6 (Breidler 1891); 8-3 (Breidler 1891).
Anomobryum concinnatum (Spruce) Lindb. - bor-mont: 4-2 (Breidler 1891); 10-3 (Juratzka
1882, Breidler 1891); 11-1 (juratzka 1882, Breidler 1891). Anomodon attenuatus (Hedw.) Huebener - subtemp: 1-7; 1-8; 2-1; 3-1; 2-12; 6-1; 7-2; 7-3
(Grom, herb.); 8-2; 10-2. Anomodon rugelii (Müll. Hal.) Keissl. - temp-subkont: 3-1. Anomodon viticulosus (Hedw.) Hook. & Taylor - bor-temp: 2-1; 2-2; 6-1; 10-2. Antitrichia curtipendula (Hedw.) Brid. - bor-temp: 11-1 (Breidler 1891). Atrichum angustatum (Brid.) Bruch & Schimp. - temp: 1-1; 1-8; 2-1; 2-2; 3-2; 8-2; 9-1; 10-2;
11-1 (Breidler 1891). Atrichum flavisetum Mitt. - bor-temp: 7-3 (Glowacki 1914). Atrichum tenellum (Röhl.) Bruch & Schimp. - bor-temp: 1-1; 2-1; 5-1. Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. - bor-temp: 2-1; 2-2; 2-12; 5-1; 7-2; 7-3 (Glowacki 1914).
Barbula unguiculata Hedw. - ubikv: 1-1.
Bartramia halleriana Hedw. - bor-mont: 5-1.
Bartramia ithyphylla Brid. - bor-mont: 10-3 (Breidler 1891).
Bartramia pomiformis Hedw. - bor-temp: 1-1; 1-8; 1-7; 2-1; 2-2; 3-2; 4-1 (Grom, herb.); 7-3
(Grom herb.); 8-2; 9-1; 10-2. **Blindia acuta Bruch & Schimp. - bor-mont: 2-2; 11-1 (Breidler 1891). Brachytheciastrum velutinum (Hedw.) Ignatov & Huttunen - temp: 1-1; 1-2; 1-5; 1-6; 2-1;
2-5; 3-2; 4-1 (Grom, herb.); 5-1; 7-1 (Grom, herb.); 8-2; 10-2. Brachythecium albicans (Hedw.) Schimp. - bor-temp: 4-4 (Breidler 1891); 11-1 (Breidler 1891).
Brachythecium campestre (MülLHalL) Schimp. - temp-subkont: 1-1; 1-2; 1-8; 2-1; 2-2; 2-10;
3-2; 5-1; 7-2; 8-2; 9-1; 10-2. Brachythecium geheebii Milde - temp-subkont: 2-10.
Brachythecium glareosum (Bruch ex Spruce) Schimp. - bor-temp: 1-3; 2-5; 8-2; 10-2. Brachythecium laetum (Brid.) Schimp. - temp: 10-2.
Brachythecium mildeanum (Schimp.) Schimp. - temp: 1-8; 3-2; 4-1 (Grom, herb.); 4-5 (Breidler 1891).
Brachythecium rivulare Schimp. - bor-temp: 1-1; 1-7; 1-8; 1-13 (Martinčič 2004 - leg. M.
Wraber); 2-1; 2-2; 2-5; 2-10; 5-1; 7-2; 7-3 (Grom, herb.; A. Martinčič 2004); 8-1; 8-2. Brachythecium rutabulum (Hedw.) Schimp. - temp: 1-1; 1-7; 2-9; 2-2; 2-5; 2-10 (Grom, herb.); 9-1.
Brachythecium salebrosum (Hoffm. ex F. Weber & D. Mohr) Schimp. - subbor: 1-1; 1-3; 1-6; 2-1; 2-10; 7-2; 8-2; 9-1.
*Brachythecium tommasinii (Sendtn. ex Boulay) Ignatov & Huttunen - temp-subkont: 1-8. Breidleriapratensis (W.D.J. Koch ex Spruce) Loeske - bor-temp: 1-3; 1-6; 2-8. Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum (Hedw.) P.C.Chen - bor-temp: 1-8; 2-3; 5-1; 10-2. Bryum alpinum Huds. ex With. - temp: 10-3 (Juratzka 1882); 11-1 (Juratzka 1882, Breidler
1891); 4-4 (Breidler 1891). Bryum argenteum Hedw. - ubikv: 1-1; 10-2. Bryum creberrimum Taylor - bor-temp: 1-1. Bryum funckii Schwägr. - temp: 2-10 (Breidler 1891).
Bryum mildeanum Jur. - subbor: 4-4; 10-2 (Juratzka 1882, Breidler 1891); 11-1 (Juratzka 1882, Breidler 1891).
Bryumpallens Sw. ex anon. - subbor: 3-2; 4-4 (Breidler 1891); 8-1; 11-1 (Breidler 1891). Bryumpallescens Schleich. ex Schwägr. - ubikv: 2-12 (Breidler 1891, Glowacki 1908); 10-3 (Breidler 1891).
Bryumpseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) P. Gaertn. & al. - ubikv: 2-10.
Bryum radiculosum Brid. - subatl-submed: 10-6 (Juratzka 1882).
Bryum turbinatum (Hedw.) Turner - ubikv: 4-2 (Breidler 1891).
Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske - temp: 2-3; 3-2; 5-1.
Calliergonella lindbergii (Mitt.) Hedenäs - subbor: 2-1; 2-2.
Campyliumprotensum (Brid.) Kindb. - bor-temp: 2-3.
Campylium stellatum (Hedw.) Lange & C.E.O. Jens. - bor-temp: 1-1; 2-3; 2-5.
**Campylophyllum calcareum (Crundw. & Nyholm) Hedenäs - temp: 9-1; 10-2.
Campylopus subulatus Schimp. ex Milde - temp-subatl: 10-3 (Juratzka 1882); 4-5 (Breidler
1891); 11-1 (Breidler 1891). Ceratodonpurpureus (Hedw.) Brid. - ubikv: 1-1; 1-3; 2-1; 3-2.
Cinclidotus fontinaloides (Hedw.) P. Beauv. - merid-temp: 7-1 (Suanjak 2002 - leg. Glowacki).
Cirriphyllum crassinervium (Taylor) Loeske & M. Fleisch. - temp: 1-1; 4-5 (Breidler 1891); 7-2; 10-1; 10-2.
Cirriphyllum piliferum (Hedw.) Grout - bor-temp: 1-1; 2-1.
*Cleistocarpidiumpalustre (Bruch & Schimp.) Ochyra & Bednarek-Ochyra - temp-subkont: 1-6.
Climacium dendroides (Hedw.) F. Weber & D. Mohr - subbor: 2-1; 2-2.
**Coscinodon cribrosus (Hedw.) Spruce - bor-mont: 10-3 (Breidler 1891);11-1 (Juratzka 1882).
Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce - ubikv: 1-1; 1-8; 2-1; 2-2; 2-3; 2-5; 5-1. Ctenidium molluscum (Hedw.) Mitt. - bor-temp: 1-1; 1-8; 2-1; 5-1; 8-1; 8-2; 10-2. Dichodontiumflavescens (Dicks.) Lindb. - bor-temp: 4-2 (Breidler 1891). *Dichodontiumpalustre (Dicks.) M. Stech. - bor-mont: 4-5 (Breidler 1891). Dichodontiumpellucidum (Hedw.) Schimp. - bor-mont: 2-1; 2-3; 2-8; 2-12; 5-1; 10-2. Dicranella heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp. - bor-temp: 1-4 (Piskernik 1977 - det. A.
Martincic); 5-1. Dicranella varia (Hedw.) Schimp. - ubikv: 1-1. Dicranodontium denudatum (Brid.) E. Britton - bor-mont: 1-6; 5-1. Dicranum majus Sm. - bor-temp: 2-10 (Piskernik 1977 - det. A. Martincic). Dicranum montanum Hedw. - bor-temp: 1-2; 4-5 (Breidler 1891); 8-2; 10-2. Dicranum muehlenbeckii Bruch & Schimp. - bor-mont: 10-3 (Juratzka 1882, Breidler 1891).
Dicranum polysetum Sw. - bor-mont: 2-10 (leg. M. Piskernik); 4-1; 5-1; 5-1 (Grom, herb.);
10-6 (leg. M. Piskernik). Dicranum scoparium Hedw. - subbor: 1-1; 1-2; 1-4 (Grom herb., Piskernik 1977 - det. A.
Martincic); 1-8; 2-1; 2-2; 3-2; 5-1. Dicranum spurium Hedw. - bor-mont: 11-1 (Breidler 1891). Didymodon acutus (Brid.) K. Saito - merid-temp: 1-1; 1-8; 2-10. Didymodon fallax (Hedw.) R.H. Zander - ubikv: 5-1; 7-2.
Didymodonferrugineus (Schimp. ex Besch.) M.O. Hill - bor-temp: 4-4 (Breidler 1891); 11-1 (Breidler 1891).
Didymodon insulanus (De Not.) M.O. Hill - subtemp: 10-3 (Juratzka 1882, Breidler 1891).
Didymodon luridus Hornsch. - merid-temp: 10-6 (Juratzka 1882, Breidler 1891).
Didymodon rigidulus Hedw. - bor-temp: 11-1 (Breidler 1891).
Didymodon spadiceus (Mitt.) Limpr. - temp: 2-3.
Diphysciumfoliosum (Hedw.) D. Mohr - bor-temp: 2-1.
Distichium capillaceum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. - bor-mont: 2-1.
Ditrichum heteromallum (Hedw.) E. Britton - bor-temp: 2-1.
Ditrichumpallidum (Hedw.) Hampe - temp-subkont: 11-1 (Breidler 1891).
* *Ditrichum pusillum (Hedw.) Hampe - bor-temp: 1-8.
Encalypta rhaptocarpa (Hedw.) Schwägr. - subarkt-subalp: 10-3 (Juratzka 1882). Encalypta streptocarpa Hedw. - bor-temp: 1-1; 2-3; 5-1; 10-2.
Entodon schleichen (Schimp.) Demet. - temp-subkont: 4-1 (leg. M. Wraber, det. A. Martincic).
Entosthodon fascicularis (Hedw.) Müll.Hal. - temp: 11-1 (Breidler 1891).
Ephemerum serratum (Hedw.) Hampe - temp: 10-2 (Breidler 1891).
Eurhynchiastrum pulchellum (Hedw.) Ignatov & Huttunen var. praecox (Hedw.) Dixon -
bor-mont: 10-3 (Breidler 1891). Eurhynchium angustirete (Broth.) T.J. Kop. - temp-subkont: 1-1; 1-8; 1-13 (Grom, herb.); 2-1;
2-2; 3-1; 3-2; 5-1; 7-3 (Grom, herb.); 8-2; 9-1; 10-1. Fissidens adianthoides Hedw. - bor-temp: 11-1 (Breidler 1891). Fissidens bryoides Hedw. - temp: 1-1; 2-4.
Fissidens dubius P. Beauv. - temp: 1-1; 1-8; 1-13 (Grom, herb.); 2-1; 2-2; 2-5; 3-1; 11-1 (Breidler 1891).
Fissidens gymnandrus Büse - bor-temp: 4-5 (Breidler 1891); 11-1 (Juratzka 1882, Breidler 1891).
Fissidens taxifolius Hedw. - merid-temp: 8-2; 9-1. Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. - bor-temp: 2-1. Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. - ubikv: 2-8.
Grimmia hartmannii Schimp. subsp. hartmannii - subbor: 1-8; 4-5 (Breidler 1891); 8-2;
11-1 (Breidler 1891). Grimmia laevigata (Brid.) Brid. - merid-temp: 11-1 (Breidler 1891). Grimmia muehlenbeckii Schimp. - subtemp: 11-1 (Juratzka 1882, Breidler 1891). Grimmia ovalis (Hedw.) Lindb. - subbor: 11-1 (Juratzka 1882, Breidler 1891). Grimmiapulvinata (Hedw.) Sm. - merid-temp: 2-1; 11-1 (Breidler 1891). Gymnostomum calcareum Nees & Hornsch. - merid-temp: 1-8.
Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw.) P. Beauv. var. ciliata - bor-temp: 1-6; 2-1; 2-10; 3-2; 4-4 (Breidler
1891); 7-1 (Grom herb.); 11-1 (Breidler 1891). Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw.) P. Beauv. var. leucophaea Bruch & Schimp. - bor-temp: 3-2. Herzogiella seligeri (Brid.) Z. Iwats. - subtemp: 1-1; 1-3; 1-4 (Piskernik 1977 - det. A.
Martinčič); 1-8; 2-2; 3-1; 5-1. Heterocladium dimorphum (Brid.) Schimp. - bor-mont: 2-2; 4-5 (Breidler 1891); 7-1 (Grom
- det. A. Martinčič); 11-1 (Breidler 1891). Homalia trichomanoides (Hedw.) Brid. - subtemp: 1-8. Homalotheciumphilippeanum (Spruce) Schimp. - temp-subkont: 2-1; 2-5. Homalothecium sericeum (Hedw.) Schimp. - merid-temp: 1-7; 2-2; 4-1 (Grom, herb.). Hookeria lucens (Hedw.) Sm. - temp-subatl: 2-2. * Hygroamblystegiumfluviatile (Hedw.) Loeske - bor-temp: 2-1. Hygroamblystegium tenax (Hedw.) Jenn. - temp: 1-1; 2-1. Hygroamblystegium varium (Hedw.) Mönkm. - temp: 1-8; 2-2; 2-12. *Hygrohypnum duriusculum (De Not.) Jamieson - subarkt-subalp: 2-1; 2-3. *Hygrohypnum eugyrium (Schimp.) Broth. - bor-mont: 2-1. Hygrohypnum luridum (Hedw.) Jenn. var. luridum - bor-temp: 1-8. *Hygrohypnum ochraceum (Turner ex Wilson) Loeske - bor-mont: 2-3; 2-9. Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Schimp. - subbor: 1-2; 5-1. Hypnum andoi A.J.E. Smith - temp-subatl: 1-1.
Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. - ubikv: 1-4 (Piskernik 1977 - det. A. Martinčič); 1-8; 2-1;
2-6; 2-6; 3-2; 4-3; 5-1; 8-1; 8-2; 10-2. var. cupressiforme - subtemp: 1-1; 1-3; 1-8; 5-1; 9-1; 10-1. var. filiforme Brid. - temp: 1-8; 9-1.
Hypnumjutlandicum Holmen & E. Warncke - temp-subatl: 1-1; 1-5; 1-8; 3-2; 7-2; 10-2. Hypnum pallescens (Hedw.) P. Beauv. subsp. reptile (Michx.) Bertsch - temp-subkont: 4-5 (Breidler 1891).
Isothecium alopecuroides (Lam. ex Dubois) Isov. - bor-temp: 1-13 (Grom, herb.); 2-1; 2-10
(Piskernik 1977 - det. A. Martinčič); 7-1 (Grom, herb.); 7-3 (Grom, herb.); 8-2; 9-1. var. robustum (Schimp.) Düll: 7-1 (Grom, herb.). Isothecium myosuroides Brid. - bor-temp: 8-2.
Kindbergiapraelonga (Hedw.) Ochyra - temp: 2-12; 7-2.
Leptodictyum riparium (Hedw.) Warnst. - temp: 2-12.
Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) Angstr. - temp: 1-1; 1-2; 4-3.
**Leucobryum juniperoideum (Brid.) Müll.-Hal. - temp: 5-1.
Leucodon sciuroides (Hedw.) Schwägr. - subtemp: 5-1; 7-1 (leg. S. Grom); 8-1; 10-2.
Mnium lycopodioides Schwägr. - bor-mont: 2-2; 3-2.
Mnium marginatum (Dicks.) P. Beauv. - bor-temp: 1-1; 1-7; 1-8; 2-5; 2-6; 2-12; 3-2; 4-4
(Breidler 1891); 7-2; 8-1; 10-2. Mnium stellare Hedw. - bor-temp: 1-7; 1-9; 2-1; 2-2; 2-3; 2-5; 3-1; 3-2; 7-3 (Grom, herb.); 7-2
(Martincic 2004); 8-1; 9-1; 10-2. Mnium thomsonii Schimp. - bor-mont: 1-7; 2-1; 2-2; 2-6. Neckera complanata (Hedw.) Huebener - bor-temp: 2-1; 2-2; 2-3; 2-5; 8-2. Neckera crispa Hedw. - temp: 1-8; 1-13 (Piskernik 1977 - det. A. Martincic); 3-1. Neckerapumila Hedw. - temp-subatl: 8-3 (Juratzka 1882, Breidler 1891). **Oligotrichum hercynicum (Hedw.) Lam. & DC. - subarkt-subalp: 2-1. Orthothecium intricatum (Hartm.) Schimp. - bor-mont: 2-2; 2-5; 3-1. Orthothecium rufescens (Dicks. ex Brid.) Schimp. - bor-mont: 2-2. Orthotrichum affine Schrad. ex Brid. - temp: 1-1; 1-5; 10-2. Orthotrichum lyellii Hook. & Taylor - temp: 8-3 (Juratzka 1882, Breidler 1891). Orthotrichumpumilum Sw. ex anon. - temp: 1-1; 1-5; 8-1.
Orthotrichum rupestre Schleich. ex Schwägr. var. rupestre - bor-temp: 4-4 (Breidler 1891);
11-1 (Breidler 1891). var. sturmii (Hoppe & Hornsch.) Jur. - temp: 11-1 (Breidler 1891). Orthotrichum stramineum Hornsch. ex Brid. - temp: 1-8; 2-9.
Oxyrrhynchium hians (Hedw.) Loeske - temp: 1-1; 1-7; 1-8; 2-5; 3-2; 5-1; 7-2; 8-1; 8-2; 10-2. Oxyrrhynchium schleichen (R. Hedw.) Röll. - merid-temp: 1-7; 2-1; 2-2; 2-5; 3-1; 7-2; 8-1; 10-1.
Oxyrrhynchium speciosum (Brid.) Warnst. - temp: 1-1; 1-7; 2-6; 2-12; 3-1; 10-2. Oxystegus tenuirostris (Hook. & Taylor) A.J.E. Smith - bor-temp: 2-10; 8-1; 9-1; 11-1
(Juratzka 1882, Breidler 1891). Palustriella commutata (Hedw.) Ochyra var. commutata - bor-temp: 1-9; 2-1; 2-5. Palustriella commutata (Hedw.) Ochyra var. sulcata (Lindb.) Ochyra - bor-mont: 2-5. Palustriella decipiens (De Not.) Ochyra - bor-mont: 1-8.
Paraleucobryum longifolium (Hedw.) Loeske subsp. longifolium - bor-mont: 2-1; 4-4
(Breidler 1891); 11-1 (Breidler 1891). "Philonotis arnellii Husn. - temp: 2-3.
Philonotis calcarea (Bruch & Schimp.) Schimp. - bor-temp: 2-4. Philonotis fontana (Hedw.) Brid. - bor-temp: 2-1; 5-1. Plagiobryum zierii (Hedw.) Lindb. - subarkt-subalp: 11-1 (Breidler 1891). Plagiomnium affine (Blandow ex Funck) T. J. Kop. - temp: 1-1.
Plagiomnium cuspidatum (Hedw.) T. J. Kop. - bor-temp: 1-1; 1-7; 1-8; 2-1; 2-5; 3-2; 7-2; 8-1; 10-2.
Plagiomnium elatum (Bruch & Schimp.) T.J. Kop. - bor-temp: 1-1; 1-9; 3-2; 5-1. Plagiomnium ellipticum (Brid.) T. J. Kop. - bor-mont: 1-1; 1-8; 2-1; 2-5; 5-1; 9-1. Plagiomnium medium (Bruch & Schimp.) T. J. Kop. - bor-mont: 2-1; 2-5; 2-9; 2-12; 5-1; 7-2.
Plagiomnium rostratum (Schrad.) T.J. Kop. - bor-temp: 1-1; 1-8; 2-5; 3-2; 5-1; 7-2; 8-1; 8-2. Plagiomnium undulatum (Hedw.) T.J. Kop. - temp: 1-1; 1-7; 2-1; 2-2; 2-5; 2-10 (Piskernik
1977 - det. A. Martinčič); 5-1; 7-2; 7-3 (Grom, herb.); 8-1; 10-2. Plagiopus oederianus (Sw.) H.A. Crum & L.E. Anderson - bor-mont: 1-8; 2-1. Plagiothecium cavifolium (Brid.) Z. Iwats. - bor-mont: 1-1; 2-1; 2-2; 3-2; 10-1.
*	*Plagiothecium curvifolium Schlieph. ex Limpr. - temp: 1-2; 1-12 (Grom, herb.); 2-4. Plagiothecium denticulatum (Hedw.) Schimp. var. obtusifolium (Turner) Moore - bor-temp:
3-2; 7-2.
Plagiothecium laetum Schimp. - bor-mont: 1-1; 1-2; 1-5; 2-1; 5-1; 8-2; 9-1. Plagiothecium nemorale (Mitt.) A. Jaeger - temp: 1-1; 1-7; 1-8; 2-1; 2-7; 3-1; 3-2; 5-1; 7-2; 10-1.
*	* Plagiothecium piliferum (Sw.) Schimp. - bor-mont: 1-1.
**Plagiothecium succulentum (Wilson) Lindb. - bor-temp: 2-2; 3-2; 10-1. Plagiothecium undulatum (Hedw.) Schimp. - bor-temp: 1-12 (Grom, herb.). Platygyrium repens (Brid.) Schimp. - temp: 1-1; 1-5; 1-8; 3-2; 10-1. Platyhypnidium riparioides (Hedw.) Dixon - temp: 1-1; 1-7; 1-8; 2-2; 2-12; 3-2; 7-2; 8-2; 10-2. Pleuridium acuminatum Lindb. - temp: 10-3 (Juratzka 1882); 11-1 (Breidler 1891). Pleurozium schreberi (Willd. ex Brid.) Mitt. - bor-temp: 1-1; 1-12 (Grom, herb.); 2-1; 4-1; 4-3; 5-1 (Grom, herb.); 5-1.
Pogonatum aloides (Hedw.) P. Beauv. - bor-temp: 1-1; 1-13 (Piskernik 1977 - det. A.
Martinčič); 2-1; 4-1. Pogonatum urnigerum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. - bor-mont: 1-8; 2-1; 3-2; 5-1. *Pohliaproligera (Kindb.) Lindb. ex Broth. - bor-mont: 5-1.
Pohlia wahlenbergii (F. Weber & D. Mohr) A.L. Andrews - subbor: 1-1; 1-9; 2-5; 3-1; 8-1; 9-1; 10-2.
Polytrichastrum formosum (Hedw.) G.L. Sm. - bor-temp: 1-1; 1-4 (Piskernik 1977 - det. A.
Martinčič); 1-8; 1-13 (Piskernik 1977 - det. A. Martinčič); 2-1; 2-2; 3-2; 4-3; 5-1; 7-2; 9-1. Polytrichum commune Hedw. - subbor: 1-2. Polytrichumpiliferum Hedw. - bor-temp: 5-1 (leg. M. Piskernik). Polytrichum strictum Menzies ex Brid. - bor-temp: 5-1 (Grom, herb.). *Protobryum bryoides (Dicks.) J. Guerra & M.J. Cano - temp: 10-5 (Breidler 1891). Pseudocrossidium hornschuchianum (Schultz) R.H. Zander - merid-temp: 10-5 (Breidler 1891).
Pseudoleskeella nervosa (Brid.) Nyholm - bor-mont: 10-2. Pseudoscleropodiumpurum (Hedw.) M. Fleisch. - temp: 2-9; 10-1. Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans (Brid.) Z. Iwats. - bor-temp: 4-4 (Breidler 1891); 8-2; 10-1; 11-1 (Breidler 1891).
Pterigynandrum filiforme Hedw. - bor-mont: 1-13 (Grom, herb. - det. A. Martinčič). Ptilium crista-castrensis (Hedw.) De Not. - bor-mont: 2-11 (Grom, herb.); 11-1 (Breidler 1891).
Pylaisia polyantha (Hedw.) Schimp. - subtemp: 1-1; 8-1.
*Racomitrium aciculare (Brid. ex Schrad.) Brid. - bor-temp: 2-1; 2-6; 2-10; 10-2 (suanjak
2002, leg. Glowacki). *Racomitrium aquaticum (Schrad.) Brid. - temp: 5-1. Racomitrium heterostichum (Hedw.) Brid. - bor-temp: 11-1 (Breidler 1891).
*Rhabdoweisia crispata (Dicks.) Lindb. - bor-mont: 1-14 (leg. B. Vres); 2-1. Rhabdoweisia fugax (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. - bor-mont: 2-1; 11-1 (Juratzka 1882, Breidler 1891).
Rhizomniumpunctatum (Hedw.) T. J. Kop. - bor-temp: 1-1; 1-7; 1-8; 1-13 (Piskernik 1977 -
det. A. Martincic, Grom, herb.); 2-1; 2-3; 5-1; 7-2; 8-1; 8-2. Rhodobryum ontariense (Kindb.) Kindb. - temp: 1-1. Rhodobryum roseum (Hedw.) Limpr. - bor-temp: 1-1. Rhynchostegium murale (Hedw.) Schimp. - temp: 1-1.
Rhytidiadelphus loreus (Hedw.) Warnst. - bor-temp: 1-3 (Piskernik 1977 - det. A. Martincic). Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus (Hedw.) Warnst. - bor-temp: 1-2; 2-1; 2-9. Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus (Hedw.) Warnst. - bor-temp: 1-1; 1-12 (Grom herb.); 2-4; 2-5; 5-1.
Saelania glaucescens (Hedw.) Broth. - subarkt-subalp: 10-3 (Breidler 1891). Sanionia uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske - bor-mont: 2-1.
Schistidium confertum (Funck) Bruch & Schimp. - temp-subkont: 11-1 (Breidler 1891). * *Schistostegapennata (Hedw.) F. Web. & D. Mohr - bor-temp: 1-1. Sciuro-hypnum oedipodium (Mitt.) Ignatov & Huttunen - temp: 1-1; 1-8; 8-1. Sciuro-hypnumplumosum (Hedw.) Ignatov & Huttunen - bor-temp: 2-10; 7-2. Sciuro-hypnum populeum (Hedw.) Ignatov & Huttunen - temp: 1-1; 1-9; 2-1; 2-3; 2-5; 2-10; 5-1; 7-2; 8-1; 9-1; 10-2.
Sciuro-hypnum starkei (Brid.) Ignatov & Huttunen - bor-mont: 2-1; 2-10; 3-2; 7-2; 8-1; 8-2; 10-2.
Seligeria recurvata (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. - bor-temp: 10-2.
Sphagnum capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw. - bor-temp: 4-4 (leg. M. Piskernik, Martincic 1976);
5-1 (leg. M. Piskernik). Sphagnum contortum Schultz - bor-mont: 4-5 (Breidler 1891). Sphagnum girgensohnii Russow - bor-mont: 2-4.
Sphagnum quinquefarium (Braithw.) Warnst. - bor-mont: 4-5 (Breidler 1891). Sphagnum russowii Warnst. - bor-mont: 5-1. Sphagnum squarrosum Crome - temp: 2-4.
Sphagnum subnitens Russow ex Warnst. - bor-temp: 1-1; 1-2; 2-1; 5-1. *Sphagnum warnstorfii Russow - bor-mont: 4-5 (Breidler 1891). Syntrichia montana Nees - merid-temp: 10-3 (Juratzka 1882); 11-1 (Breidler 1891). Syntrichia ruralis (Hedw.) F. Web. & D. Mohr var. ruralis - bor-temp: 3-2. Taxiphyllum wissgrillii (Garov.) Wijk & Margad. - temp: 1-8; 7-2; 8-2. Tetraphis pellucida Hedw. - bor-temp: 1-1; 1-2; 1-4 (Piskernik 1977 - det. A. Martincic); 2-1.
Thamnobryum alopecurum (Hedw.) Gangulee - temp: 1-7; 1-9; 2-2; 2-5; 3-1; 4-1 (Grom,
herb.); 4-2 (Breidler 1891); 7-2; 10-2. Thuidium assimile (Mitt) A. Jaeger - temp: 5-1; 10-1. Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) Schimp. - temp: 2-1; 2-6; 5-1; 10-1. Thuidium tamariscinum (Hedw.) Schimp - temp: 1-1; 1-7; 2-1; 2-2; 3-1; 5-1; 7-2; 8-2; 8-3
(Breidler 1891); 9-1; 10-1. Tortella inclinata (R. Hedw.) Limpr. - temp: 2-10 (Breidler 1891). Tortella tortuosa (Hedw.) Limpr. - bor-temp: 1-9.
Tortula canescens Mont. - subatl-submed: 10-3 (Juratzka 1882, Breidler 1891); 10-4
(Juratzka 1882, Breidler 1891). **Tortula inermis (Brid.) Mont. - submed: 10-6 (Glowacki 1914). Tortula lanceolata R. H. Zander - merid-temp: 11-1 (Breidler 1891). Tortula subulata Hedw. var. subulata - subtemp: 3-2. Trichodon cylindricus (Hedw.) Schimp. - bor-temp: 5-1. Ulota bruchii Hornsch. ex Brid. - temp: 1-8. Ulota crispa (Hedw.) Brid. - temp: 1-1; 1-8; 3-2; 7-2; 8-1; 9-1; 10-2. Weisia brachycarpa (Nees & Hornsch.) Jur. - merid-temp: 5-1. Weisia condensa (Voit) Lindb. - merid-temp: 2-3; 10-3 (Juratzka 1882; Breidler 1891). Weisia controversa Hedw. var. controversa - merid-temp: 10-1; 10-2.
4.3 Horološka analiza
Hladnoljubnejši del mahovne flore obravnavanega podobmočja predstavljajo subarktično-subalpinski, borealno-montanski in subborealni geoelement. Fitogeografsko najpomembnejšo skupino predstavlja subarktično-subalpinski geoelement, kamor prištevamo naslednje vrste: Anastrophyllum michauxii, Encalypta rhaptocarpa, Hygrohypnum duriusculum, Oligotrichum hercynicum, Plagiobryum zierii, Saelania glaucescens. Preseneča zelo nizka nadmorska višina njihovih nahajališč, saj nikjer drugod v Sloveniji ne uspevajo te najhladnoljubnejše vrste na nadmorski višini 300-500 m. Glavnino hladnoljubnejše mahovne flore predstavlja borealno-montanski geoelement, ki je zastopan z 58 vrstami (19%). Ob upoštevanju še subborealnih vrst (24 - 7,9%o) lahko ugotovimo, da je hladnoljubnejša flora zastopana z 89 vrstami (29,3%). Njihova rastišča so predvsem senčne, vlažne ali mokre silikatne skale, ki dajejo tem hladnoljubnim vrstam ugodne pogoje za uspevanje, čeprav je nadmorska višina za prvi dve skupini zelo nizka.
Najštevilčnejšo skupino vrst predstavlja borealno-temperatni geoelement, ki obsega 84 vrst (27,7%o). To so vrste, ki uspevajo v Evropi tako v borealnem kakor tudi v temperatnem zonobiomu. Borealno-temperatni geoelement tvori v večjem delu Slovenije, razen v submediteranskem fitogeografskem območju, skupaj s temperatnim geoelementom, glavnino mahovne flore na nadmorskih višinah pod 1000 m. K temperatnemu geoelementu (temperatni, temperatno-subkontinentalni = srednjeevropski, temperatno-subatlantski, subtemperatni) prištevamo vrste, ki uspevajo v Evropi v temperatnem zonobiomu, v območju listopadne listavske vegetacije. Oba geoelementa obsegata v fitogeografskem območju Dravski Kozjak kar 170 vrst (56%o), dobro polovico vse mahovne flore.
Kljub povdarjeni hladnoljubnosti pa obsega mahovna flora Dravskega Kozjaka tudi nekaj toploljubnih vrst. Najbolj toploljubne so submediteranske vrste: Frullania riparia, Mannia fragrans in Tortula inermis. K submediteransko-subatlantskemu geoelementu prištevamo vrste Porella arbores-vitae, Riccia ciliata, Bryum radiculosum in Tortula canescens. Največjo, najmanj toploljubno skupino, ki obsega 19 vrst (4,9%o), predstavlja meridionalno-temperatni geoelement. Sem štejemo vrste, ki uspevajo po eni strani v meridionalnem zonobiomu, predvsem v submediteranu - nekatere segajo še tudi v pravi mediteran, po drugi strani pa uspevajo relativno pogosto v temperatnem zonobiomu, v pasu listopadnih listavskih gozdov Evrope. Težišče razširjenosti teh toploljubnih vrst je v skrajnem vzhodnem delu podobmočja, nad Mariborom, kjer alpsko fitogeografsko območje meji na subpanonsko.
4.4 Ogroženost mahovne flore
Na podlagi opredelitev v Rdečem seznamu (Martinčič 1992, 1996) uspeva v fitogeografskem podobmočju Dravski Kozjak 24 ogroženih mahovnih vrst: 11 vrst je v kategoriji ranljive (V), 13 pa v kategoriji redke (R). Na evropskem seznamu ogroženih mahovnih vrst (ECCB) sta dve vrsti, Anacamptodon splachnoides v kategoriji prizadete (E) vrste ter Brachythecium geheebii v kategoriji redke (R). O pravi ogroženosti mahovne flore v podobmočju Dravski Kozjak seveda ne moremo govoriti. Poseljenost je razmeroma majhna in se ne povečuje bistveno. Tudi gospodarjenje z gozdnimi in traviščnimi površinami ne ogroža dosedanjih biotopov, zlasti še, ker ni večjih močvirnih površin, ki bi bile objekt hidromelioracij. Prometnice pa v tem silikatnem, dokaj skalnatem okolju, zlasti v globačah, predstavljajo z brežinami zelo ugodno razširitev življenskih prostorov za mahove.
5. Summary
Introduction
Dravski Kozjak is an independent phytogeographical subregion within the Alpine phytogeographical region (Martinčič 2003). The subregion's boundary runs along the Drava river in the west and the east, and along the state border in the north. In the east it concludes above the city of Maribor where it meets the boundary of the Alpine phytogeographical region. Dravski Kozjak is divided into two geographical parts. The western part is Košenjak, the southernmost spur of the Austrian Central-Alpine Golica whose summit of the same name reaches 1522 m a.s.l. The eastern part is Kozjak, whose highest peak is Kapunar (1050 m). The boundary between both parts is the Bistrica or Mučka Bistrica, a small river that flows into the Drava River near Muta. Geological bedrock is very variable with predominating Paleozoic metamorphic rocks. This is reflected also in soils. Acid soils with varying degrees of acidity on non-calcareous rocks prevail. The climate is moderate continental.
Forest vegetation in the lower montane belt (Wraber 1963) is composed mainly of the acidophilous beech community Luzulo-Fagetum Meusel 1937. Above this community grows a natural spruce forest Luzulo sylvaticae-Piceetum M. Wraber 1963. Larger surfaces are covered also by a secondary spruce forest Avenelloflexuosae-Piceetum M. Wraber 1953. The landscape is relatively sparsely populated. The human impact is visible mostly in grassy areas that are the most common on higher, gentler slopes.
Methods
Between 1997 and 2009 the author collected extensive bryophyte material from entire subregion. The bryophytes were collected in all important habitats including also road banks. When gathering the material, all substrata, forest and grassland soil, rocks, decaying wood and tree bark were considered.
In order to present the complete bryophyte flora of the region, the data from literature are included as well. Localities details are given in Slovenian text. After the species name the the localities are given by numbers. Nomenclature and taxonomy follows Schumacker & Vana (2005) for liverworts and Hill et al. (2006) for mosses. For the phytogeographical analyses, listed taxa were ascribed to the geo-elements following Dull & al. (1999),
modified after Hill & Preston (1998) and Martinčič (1966, 2006). The specimens are preserved in the Herbarium of Department of Biology (Biotechnical faculty) University of Ljubljana (LJU).
Results
Moss flora of the phytogeographical subregion Dravski Kozjak comprises 306 species, 244 of which are mosses (Bryophyta) and 62 of which are liverworts (Marchantiophyta). This number represents 39% of moss species determined in Slovenia to date (Martinčič 2003). The number of the determined liverwort species represents 36% of the species presently known in Slovenia (Sabovljevič & Natcheva 2006, Ros & al. 2007). As many as 44 species of liverworts and 149 species of mosses are new to the phytogeographical subregion Dravski Kozjak. Floristically significant species with fewer than five localities in Slovenia are also: Lophozia elongata, Mannia fragrans, Riccia ciliata, Anomobryum julaceum, Hygrohypnum eugyrium, Hypnum pallescens subsp. reptile, Leucobryum juniperoideum, Oligotrichum hercynicum, Plagiothecium piliferum, Pohlia proligera and Tortula inermis. A considerable species diversity demonstrated in the total number of species is evident also at the level of quadrants. Especially the quadrants 9356/3 and 9356/4 stand out in this respect. The first quadrant comprises a large part of the Košenjak mountain range, where moss flora comprises 35 species of liverworts and 119 species of mosses. The study area in the second quadrant comprises a relatively narrow belt along the Mučka Bistrica river and a smaller valley of the brook Vud. The moss flora comprises 27 liverwort species and 111 species of mosses.
Chorological analysis
The more frigidophilous part of the studied subregion's moss flora is represented by subarctic-subalpine, boreal-montane and subboreal geoelements. In terms of phytogeography, the most important group is the subarctic-subalpine geoelement which comprises the following species: Anastrophyllum michauxii, Encalypta rhaptocarpa, Hygrohypnum duriusculum, Oligotrichum hercynicum, Plagiobryum zierii, Saelania glaucescens. The surprising thing here is the altitude of their localities, since this is the only region in Slovenia where these, the most frigidophilous species grow at altitudes as low as here - between 300-500 m a.s.l. The main part of this frigidophilous moss flora is represented by the boreal-montane geoelement comprising 58 species (19%). Together with subboreal species (24 - 7,9%) the frigidophilous flora comprises 89 species (29,3%). Their sites are mostly shady, moist or wet silicate rocks which provide these species with conditions that are favourable for their growth, regardless of the fact that the growth altitude of the first two groups is very low.
The largest group of species is the boreal-temperate geoelement, which comprises 84 species (27,7%). In Europe, these species grow in boreal, as well as in temperate zonobioms. Together with the temperate geoelement the boreal-temperate geoelement forms the major part of the moss flora at the altitudes below 1000 m in most of Slovenia, with the exception of the submediterranean phytogeographical region. In Europe, the temperate geoelement (temperate, temperate-subcontinental = Central-European, temperate-subatlantic, subtemperate) comprises the species that grow in the temperate zonobiome, in the region of deciduous broadleaved vegetation. In the phytogeographical region of Dravski Kozjak both these geoelements comprise a total of 170 species (56%), which is over a half of all moss flora.
Despite its explicit frigidophility the moss flora of Dravski Kozjak comprises also some thermophilous species. The most thermophilous are the submediterranean species: Frullania riparia, Mannia fragrans and Tortula inermis. The submediterranean-subatlantic geoelement includes species Porella arboris-vitae, Riccia ciliata, Bryum radiculosum and Tortula canescens. The largest and least thermophilous group, which comprises 19 species (4,9%), is represented by the meridional-temperate geoelement. This group comprises species thriving not only in the meridional zonobiome, especially in the sub-Mediterranean - some of them extend even into the Mediterranean, but relatively often also in the temperate zonobiome, in the deciduous broadleaved forest belt of Europe. The distribution centre of thermophilous species is in the easternmost part of the subregion, above Maribor, at the contact of the Alpine and Subpannonian phytogeographical regions.
Threatened taxa
When taking into consideration the Red list for Slovenia (Martincic 1992, 1996) we ascertain that 24 species from the list of the bryophyte flora of subregion Dravski Kozjak are considered threatened. Eleven species are included in category "vulnerable" (marked with * on the List of taxa) and 13 into category "rare" (marked with ** on the List of taxa). Two species are included in the Red Data Book of European Bryophytes (ECCB 1995): Anacamptodon splachnoides in the endangered (E) category and Brachythecium geheebii in the rare (R) category.
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