SPLET IZOBRAŽEVANJA IN RAZISKOVANJA Z IKT ENABLING EDUCATION AND RESEARCH WITH ICT MEDNARODNA KONFERENCA • INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE KRANJSKA GORA, 15. - 17. maj 2013 15th - 17th May 2013 Nosilec organizacije: šolstvo REPUBLIKA SLOVENIJA MINISTRSTVO ZA IZOBRAŽEVANJE, ZNANOST IN ŠPORT MIŠKA fsi J FMC Group V— Zavod Republike Slovenije za šolstvo KOPO d.O.O. f* Ji 9qlsk] center J ZAVOD ANTONA MARTINA SLOMŠKA Soorganizatorji: arnes m CMEPIUS Center BS za mobOnost in evropske programe Izobraževan]« In ii s p o s a b 11 a n | a za poklicna zobraževan|e Projekt delno financira Evropska unija iz Evropskega socialnega sklada ter Ministrstvo za izobraževanje, znanost in šport. (M S S \Ncdožba v vašo prihodnost ophuctio dhlno financira evropskaunqa Evropski socialni sklad MEDNARODNA KONFERENCA SPLET IZOBRAŽEVANJA IN RAZISKOVANJA Z IKT SIRikt 2013 Zbornik vseh prispevkov Kranjska Gora, 15. - 17. maj 2013 / 15th - 17th May 2013 projekt e-šolstvo Ministrstvo za izobraževanje, znanost in šport republike Slovenije projekt delno financirata Evropska unija iz Evropskega socialnega sklada ter Ministrstvo za izobraževanje, znanost in šport. yubljana 2013 Mednarodna konferenca SIRikt 2013 - Zbornik vseh prispevkov Q Kranjska Gora 15. - 17. maj 2013 CD —1 Organizator: Projekt e-šolstvo (Ministrstvo za izobraževanje, znanost in šport republike Slovenije, Miška d.o.o., Zavod Republike Slovenije za šolstvo, Kopo d.o.o., Inštitut Logik, Pia d.o.o., Šolski center Nova Gorica, Zavod Antona Martina Slomška) Projekt delno financirata Evropska unija iz Evropskega socialnega sklada ter Ministrstvo za izobraževanje, znanost in šport. Soorganizatorji: ARNES - Akademska in raziskovalna mreža Slovenije Center Republike Slovenije za mobilnost in evropske programe izobraževanja Center Republike Slovenije za poklicno izobraževanje Uredile: Nives Kreuh, Bernarda Trstenjak, Katarina Blagus, Maja Kosta, Anja Lenarčič Izdal in založil: Miška d.o.o. Lektoriranje: Avtorji prispevkov Prevod: Andrej Stopar Oblikovanje: IDEARNA d.o.o. Leto izida: 2013 Publikacija je brezplačna. CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 37:004(082)(0.034.2) 37.091.64:004(082)(0.034.2) MEDNARODNA konferenca Splet izobraževanja in raziskovanja z IKT (2013 ; Kranjska Gora) Zbornik vseh prispevkov [Elektronski vir] / Mednarodna konferenca Splet izobraževanja in raziskovanja z IKT - SIRikt 2013, Kranjska Gora, 15.-17. maj 2013, 15th-17th May 2013 ; organizator Projekt e-šolstvo ; soorganizatorji ARNES - Akademska in raziskovalna mreža Slovenije [in] Center Republike Slovenije za mobilnost in evropske programe izobraževanja [in] Center Republike Slovenije za poklicno izobraževanje ; uredile Nives Kreuh ... [et al.] ; prevod Andrej Stopar. - El. zbornik. - Ljubljana : Miška, 2013 ISBN 978-961-92837-3-8 (pdf) 1. Kreuh, Nives 2. Projekt e-šolstvo 3. ARNES - Akademska in raziskovalna mreža Slovenije 4. Center Republike Slovenije za mobilnost in evropske programe izobraževanja 5. Center Republike Slovenije za poklicno izobraževanje 266936320 KAZALO - INDEX UVODNIK (PO, OO, RO) EDITORIAL (PO, OO, RO) Dobrodošli na 7. mednarodni konferenci #SIRikt 2013! Welcome to the 7th international #SIRikt 2013 conference! ODBORI COMMITTEES Odbori konference SIRikt 2013 Conference Committees SIRikt 2013 CD on The ASPIRE study made several important points about services, and what NRENs and institutions can do to make them excel. ^v] CQ Access from everywhere. Services need to be accessible from everywhere, and with a vast range of devices and corresponding screen sizes. It should not matter whether a user is accessing the service from a campus network, a 3G data service, or from abroad. For example, operators of a service should not make any assumptions about which IP address the user is connecting from (a <=C popular mistake is to believe that the university's own IP range is "good", while all others are "evil"; ^^ solutions like federated login - AAI, SAML - can provide IP independent authentication and authorisation). They should also keep in mind that users from 3G or abroad may have low-bandwidth ZD or high-delay connections, or that their screen size is possibly not the typical "desktop" experience. Services should always have light versions with few bandwidth requirements, and solutions for small screens available. on CD Being aware of competition. A great many services that are typically offered by NRENs have an 00 equivalent on the commercial market; and the market evolves so speedily that even if the academic community produces a brand-new service, the market would very probably develop a version for the general public very quickly. One example is the popular FileSender, developed by the NREN community, which quickly found a counterpart in Thunderbird's FileLink feature. As a consequence, the operator of a service needs to a) realise that his service has competition; b) make sure his users understand what the academic version's unique selling point is compared to the commercial version; c) make sure that their own version is as easy to use as the commercial version. CD 1 on o r-vj on One example of tough competition is e-mail: there may have been a time when a university e-mail account was a highly valued service, appreciated by users - but nowadays, students will have had ^ an e-mail address from third parties (say, Microsoft Hotmail or Google Mail) long before they join the academic community; they will want to continue using it, and do not have much use for yet or < or CM another e-mail account they have to check in addition to their usual set. An example where an NREN or university can play on unique selling points is file synchronisation: ^ while there are commercial services which synchronise between devices (like "DropBox"), they <0 have some subtle disadvantages: the data is being stored with an unknown third-party, possibly ^ in a world region where laws make the content available to unintended recipients. Especially in an academic environment, confidentiality of research results is of paramount importance. Having an own file synchronisation inside a controlled environment (e.g. The TERENA Trusted Cloud Drive) is an important plus. An example where ease-of-use is important is, again, file synchronisation: a university might think it can counter commercial offerings like DropBox by more traditional means, say an NFS or CIFS file share, with access to it being protected by a VPN. Technically savvy people might value such a solution for technical excellence and use of open protocols - but the vast majority of ordinary users will probably be appalled by the need to set up a VPN, find an NFS client for their device, etc. - and for those, the conclusion "I'll just use DropBox" will be an easy one. Environmental awareness. The advent of smartphones has brought with it an entirely new set of parameters that can be used by services: devices can report about their location, current speed, can capture photos of their current location, etc. Apps which take the location and environment into account already exist (Augmented Reality apps being one example), but there is enormous J2 potential in expanding on sensor availability today. S The classroom is virtual. One specific service which is currently on the rise and which has great |j5 value for mobile users is that of online teaching. There are offerings from the commercial market: V\ iTunes U [4], YouTube EDU [5], Khan Academy [6], but also online teaching material by individual ^ universities. The key idea behind making teaching material available online is the realisation that the physical presence of students during lecture time is often not very important. The core role of a university - and the reason why students come and pay tuition fees - is that of an accreditation body: with exams and grades - the university will assess whether the knowledge of a student in a certain topic is at the required level. Of course the student needs to be lectured to get to a point where he can pass the exams - but it is not necessary to take these lectures at a pre-defined point in time at a certain physical location. By making the material available online, universities enable the students to learn at their own pace (pausing lectures, cross-checking facts on websites) in their preferred environment (at home, on campus, someplace outside) at their preferred time. Depending on the subject matter, it may also enable the student to learn about the topic from his preferred lecturer; not from the one who happens to be doing the course in the current semester. This makes the learning process more flexible, and the university more attractive to students. cc lj_i on lj_i ^ lj_i cc on Authorisation data is a key asset. A service in which the academic community has an edge over most commercial offerings is that of managing user properties. It is important to stress that there is little to no value in a pure authentication context: every organisation is able to issue a username and password; Google does this just as well as a university does. CD On the contrary: authentication with a big industry player of the likes of Google has many benefits for a user: a very large number of services on the internet allow users to log in with their Google/Fa-cebook/Linkedln/... identity. Compared to that, an educational login, even if it is embedded in authentication infrastructures like a national (educational) AAI or an international one like eduGAIN, cc is only usable at a tiny number of niche service logins. So, for authentication purposes, an end user probably sees a lot more value in his commercial electronic identity than in his educational one. The value in institutional logins lies in the amount of properties that a university has about the user. This data probably includes, but is not limited to, knowing the fact that the user has an education level that entitles him to attend university studies, a set of qualifications the student has already completed, the fact that he is properly enrolled, etc. With the consent of the student (and only with that consent), this data can be used to make authorisation decisions about the user in a non-university context. Example: A cell phone contract could be cheaper for young people who are still involved in the educational process; if a user could simply be offered the option to log into the operator's account management web page with his university account and consent to release his enrolment status, then the discount status could be automatically verified. This has advantages for the user (easy account management; no more photocopying and delivery of a student card), for the operator (real-time, automated checks instead of personnel verifying a student card), and for the university (reach-out to third parties, making the institutional login more relevant in everyday life). 2.3 Improving Mobility Footprint When connectivity is ubiquitous while on the move, and services can be used and even thrive when used while on the go, a third question remains to be answered: how to maximise the number of users that can benefit from mobility in the education and research sector, and how to make them move? J2 New user groups. The various NRENs in Europe have a very diverse set of user groups; some restrict 2 themselves very stringently to higher education and publicly funded research, others include sec- ;j= ondary education and libraries, and yet others include public administration and public welfare organisations; others consider privately funded research organisations to be as eligible as publicly CQ funded research facilities. The limits of what is allowed and what not is very often determined by the statutes of the NREN and its Acceptable Use Policy (AUP), which is often closely intertwined with the national governments and regulation authorities. In terms of mobility in an international context, this has a potential for friction because the definitions of valid users (i.e. users authorised <=C to use a service) can differ greatly. or ^p It might be beneficial to revise statutes and AUPs towards a more coherent definition of a user. ZD This will ultimately lead to a more predictable delivery of service, and to fewer failed expectations by users who are used to getting a service in one country, but are not considered "good enough" when roaming into another. One user group which deserves particular attention in that respect is that of public administration: in the upcoming European Commission framework programme "Horizon 2020", a public administration backbone is envisaged within the so-called "Connecting 00 Europe Facility" (CEF). This service might in whole or in parts be delivered by NRENs and their established backbone; depending on whether there is an appetite for including public administration in the NREN's user base or not. on <0 <0 1 on o on or < or CD Cooperating with commercial entities. The usability of services depends, among other factors, on their footprint. Many NRENs have a tradition of delivering their services all on their own, independently of external cooperation partners. This is again often attributable to NREN statutes and AUPs. However, creating an isolated "ivory tower" causes many missed opportunities. An example in the Wi-Fi area is: there are many commercial hotspot operators, and there is the ^ academic community's eduroam. It would be of mutual benefit if a business agreement could be reached: the commercial network is provisioned on the academic hotspots and vice versa - as a ZZ result, users from both sides can use many more hotspots than before. While this sounds easy, the implied consequence of carrying commercial users' traffic on the academic backbone is currently prohibited in many NREN statutes. The result is that an opportunity for more 'footprints' of mobility solutions is missed. ^ A second example is the use of commercial identities for login into academic resources. When students enrol at the university with their pre-existing logins from commercial systems like Google or Facebook, there is no inherent reason why they shouldn't be allowed to use those same electronic identities when accessing academic resources: the university merely needs to outsource the authentication bit to the commercial provider; it still maintains a record of user properties and attributes and keeps that private for internal use. This creates an excellent opportunity to make users' lives easier, but requires that the academic resource provider is willing to let go on self-provisioned electronic identities. 3. Conclusion NRENs and their constituent institutions have a number of unique strengths. They excel in cooperating with each other, and can provide services that range to national and even European scales; eduroam and AAI federations are excellent examples of that. To enable a true mobility-friendly environment, they must use these strengths to work together: they have to consistently define who exactly their users are, have to create a set of mobile services J2 that is available to all these users, have to make sure that their services span as many service loca-° tions as possible, and have to make the services as easy to use as possible. S jj5 Even if it is not traditionally in the focus of the NRENs and institutions, this cooperation will have V\ to extend beyond the borders of the academic community to include business agreements with ^ commercial service providers. 4. Sources >— 1. TERENA Secretariat. 2013. ASPIRE - A Study on the Prospects of the Internet for Research — and Education 2014-2020. http://www.terena.org/publications/files/ASPIRE%20-%20A%20 Study%20on%20the%20Prospects%20of%20the%20Internet%20for%20Research%20 and%20Education%202014-2020.pdf. 2. Stefan Winter et. al. 2012. The Adoption of Mobile Services. http://www.terena.org/publica-tions/files/ASPIRE-The%20Adoption%20of%20Mobile%20Services.pdf. 3. Mark o'Leary. 2012. GN3 Mobile Connectivity Feasibility Study. http://www.terena.org/activi-ties/tf-mobility/meetings/26/02-GN3Mobile-Mark.pptx. =D 4. Apple, Inc. 2013. iTunes U. http://www.apple.com/education/itunes-u/. 5. YouTube. 2013. YouTube education. http://www.youtube.com/education. ^ 6. Khan Academy. 2013. Learn almost anything for free. https://www.khanacademy.org/. ^ lj_i cc gre pozabiti, da je bilo treba pohitriti tudi internetni priključek. Tako smo si šele čez čas končno le uredili svoj »videokonferenčni kotiček« tako, da smo bili z videokonferenco več ali manj zadovoljni — in nam je solidno služila za naše potrebe. cd <=C Kdo drug se je z videokonferenco srečal na svoji organizaciji (šola, fakulteta idr.), kjer so imeli v sejni sobi, predavalnici, učilnici ali drugem specializiranem prostoru vse prav posebej pripravljeno za skupinske videokonference, čeprav sobni videokonferenčni sistem (večinoma proizvajalcev VCON, Aethra, Tandberg, LifeSize, nekateri celo Polycom ali Cisco) dejansko ni bil v rabi, saj so ga uporabniki imeli varno spravljenega v originalni embalaži in zaklenjenega v omari, da ga kdo ne bi poškodoval ali celo ukradel. Seveda so skoraj vsi takrat, ko so tak videokonferenčni sistem dobili, le-tega v celoti nastavili, preizkusili in se z njim povezali tudi na Arnesove strežnike. Vendar, če je oprema kljub vsemu raje »varno spravljena« v originalni embalaži in zaklenjena v omari, se bo le 00 malokomu takrat, ko bi se morda pa le želel iti videokonferenco, »ljubilo« ponovno razmišljati, kako je že takrat pred nekaj meseci, morda celo letom, priključil in povezal videokonferenčni sistem. Treba se je spomniti, kam priklopiti napajanje, kam se priključi namizni mikrofon in zvočnike, katere zvočnike (ki jih je drug učitelj morda odnesel nekam drugam), kako se priključi projektor ali raje kar LCD-zaslon ali TV, kam prikopiti internetni priključek, v katero omrežje, katero IP-številko naj uporablja itd. Navsezadnje se je treba tudi spomniti, kako se ravna z IR-daljincem (ki ima morda zdaj že prazno baterijo), s katerim se upravlja videokonferenčni sistem. In če seveda vsega tega prvič nismo počeli sami, pač pa se na to vse spozna naš računalničar, ki je zunanji sodelavec šole, bomo morali tako ali tako počakati nanj do naslednjega tedna, saj pride le enkrat tedensko na šolo. V takšnih primerih bomo videokonferenco uporabljali le poredko oziroma le takrat, ko bo res nujno in ne bo druge možnosti. Seveda obstaja tudi precej svetlih izjem, ki videokonferenco uporabljajo od cd on CD CD 1 on o on od < <=C tedensko ali še pogosteje, vendar tudi tukaj v najboljšem primeru govorimo le o »videokonferenč-ZZ nih kotičkih«, saj imajo ti uporabniki vse za videokonferenco pripravljeno le v enem prostoru in zato ^ videokonferenčno niso mobilni. CD (NI Slika 1: Sobni videokonferenčni sistem s kamero, namiznim mikrofonom in LCD-zaslonom V obeh primerih je (bila) pot do uporabe videokonference predolga in takšne videokonference nam niso na voljo vedno in povsod oziroma tam, kjer jih potrebujemo, zato o mobilnosti ni govora. 2. Videokonference vedno in povsod - poenotene komunikacije 2 Z videokonferencami ne želimo biti več vezani na šolsko sejno sobo ali učilnico s sobnim sistemom 5 ali omejeni na lastno pisarno in osebni računalnik. Zahtevamo in potrebujemo enoten sistem tako na vseh računalnikih kot tudi tablicah in pametnih telefonih in le-ta mora omogočati enostavno klicanje med poljubnimi napravami. Ne želimo namreč razmišljati o tem, na katero napravo in na kateri naslov moramo poklicati sogovornika, saj se nam bo le-ta oglasil na tisti napravi, ki mu v danem trenutku najbolj ustreza. Če torej videoklic vzpostavimo mobilno na pametnem telefonu nekje na poti, lahko po prihodu v pisarno brez prekinitve klica in kakršnihkoli motenj - tako za nas kot za oddaljene sogovornike - videokonferenco nadaljujemo npr. na svojem računalniku. Če pa se nam v videokonferenco v pisarni pridruži še sodelavec ali dva, lahko videokonferenco zelo enostavno prenesemo v bližnjo sejno sobo, kjer udobneje in temeljiteje nadaljujemo pogovor v skupini. Enako velja v primeru poti domov - doma lahko videokonferenco zelo preprosto prestavimo na tablični računalnik, saj je na njem zaradi velikosti zaslona sogovornika lažje videti in posledično učinkoviteje komunicirati z njim. Slika 2: Videokonference želimo uporabljati ne glede na napravo, ki jo imamo na voljo Enostavno prehajanje med videokonferenčnimi uporabniki mora biti mogoče tudi zaradi vključevanja različnih multimedijskih elementov v konferenco. Pogosto bomo namreč komunikacijo najprej vzpostavili prek telefona, vendar se bo morda med pogovorom izkazalo, da želimo sogovorniku pokazati tudi določen dokument, sliko, video ali živo aplikacijo z namizja našega računalnika. V tem primeru bomo telefonski pogovor preselili na napravo, npr. računalnik, ki nam bo omogočal kakovostno dodajanje te multimedijske vsebine. Morda pa bomo komunikacijo začeli v besedilni klepetalnici ali s kratkimi sporočili (npr. SMS), vendar želimo komunikacijo v nadaljevanju dvigniti na višji nivo, tj. s pogovorom prek telefona ali videokonference. V takem primeru mora biti prehod med različnimi sistemi enostaven in nemoteč. cc lj_i on lj_i ^ lj_i QC