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original scientific paper UDK 595.384(262 Toskansko otoč.) 595.384(262 otoč. Ronza) 
DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS AND ECHINODERMS IN INSULAR DETRITIC 
ENVIRONMENTS: TUSCAN ARCHIPELAGO AND PONTIAN ISLANDS 

Paola RINELLI 
B.Sc., marine biologist, Istituto Sperirnentaie Talassografico - CNR , IT-98122 Messina, Spianata S. Rainert 86 dipl. bioi., Istituto Sperimentaie Taiassografico - CNR , ÍT-98122 Messina, Sp!anata S. Raineri 86 
Nunziacarla SPANÓ 
Ph.D., marine biologist, Dipartimento di Biología Animale ecf Ecología Marina, University of Messina, IT-98166 S, Agata, Šalita Sperone 31 dr. biol. znanosti, D !partimento dí Biología Animate ecl Ecología Marina, University of Messina, IT-9816G S. Agata, Salita Sperone 31 
ABSTRACT 
Benthic macrofauna results obtained from soft bottom samplings carried out in the Tuscan Archipelago and at the Pontian Islands, .Mediterranean Sea, during 1988-1991 are reported. A total of 506 detritic stations were sampled, in this paper are reported only the data related to 197 stations, characterized by the presence of decapod crustaceans and echinoderms. 64 are located in the Tuscan Archipelago yielding 20 species of decapod crustaceans and 21 of echinoderms, and 133 in the Pontian, where 32 species for each taxa were collected. The obtained data highlighted, for both faunistic groups, differences in the specific composition of the two archipelagoes. 
Keywords: detritic environment, decapod crustaceans, Decapoda, echinoderms, Echinoderma.ta KljuLne besede: detritno okolje, raki deseterono2ci, Decapoda, igloko2ci, Echinodermata 
INTRODUCTION 

We report on the results obtained from benthic macrofauna, collected in the Tuscan Archipelago and at the Pontian islands, in the years 1988-1991, under the MURST 40% TSM national project: Taphonomy and Sedimentary Processes on the Mediterranean Continen­tal Shelf. The aim of the project is fo study the relation­ships between biocoenoses and thanatocoenoses in biotopes of soft substrata, examined in detail also from the chemical, physical and sedi men to logical point of view (Basso et al, 1990; Corseili & Ciacobbe, 1992; Corselli et al., 1994, 1995; Rinellt & Spano, 1996). 
The study concerns in particular the detritic biocoe­noses of the circaiittoral zone and the transition areas with adjacent biocoenoses. Given the need to limit as much as possible the number of variables to be consid­ered, these insular environments have been chosen: they are affected by any substantial terrigenous inputs and are characterized by a high hydrodynamism level. 
This contribution deals only with data relative to de­capod crustaceans and echinoderms: these are generally rarely considered on a bionomic level, but they have al­ready shown to be effective environmental describers in previous studies (Ciacobbe et al., 1996). 
MATERiALS AN D METHODS 

Samples of sediment were taken, from on board R/V "Minerva", with a modified Van Veen grab having a sampling capacity of 70 dm3 volume and 0,25 mJ sur­face area. 
A total of 506 detritic stations, located between the depths of 50 m and 150 m, were sampled during eight océanographie cruises in June and November 1988 and December 1990 in the Tuscan Archipelago (236 sta­tions); June and November 1989, April and November 1991 at the Pontian Islands (270 stations). The sampling areas are shown in figure 1. 
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Figure 1: Location of sampling areas. Sl.1: Lokacije vzorčenja. 
From living macrofauna, obtained by sieving the sediment through a 1 mm mesh screen, the decapod crustaceans (excluding Natantia) and echinoderms were extracted and determined to specific level. 
RESULTS AN D DISCUSSIO N 
The results outlined refer altogether to 197 stations. 64 are located in the Tuscan and 133 in the Pontian Ar­chipelago, the only ones characterized by the presence of the two taxa species. 
With regard to the Tuscan Archipelago (Tab, 1.,) 20 species of decapod crustaceans (11 Brachiura, 8 Anomura, 1 Macrura) and 21 of echinoderms {1 Crinoi-
PONTIAN ISLANDS 
DC-SGCF 
DC-DE-DL 10% 

6% TM, 
10% 

TUSCAN ARCHIPELAGO 
DC-SGCF 
DE 
19% 

Figure 2: Percent contribution of the main biocoenotic stocks (DC: Coastal Detritic; DL: Shelf-edge Detritic; DE: Muddy Detritic Bottoms; DC-DL-DE: Mixed biode­tritic bottoms; DC-SCCF: Coastal Detritic-Coarse Sand and Fine Gravel under Bottom Currents transition). SI. 2: Odstotkovni prispevek glavnih biocenotskih pod-lag (DC; obalno peščena; DL: prodnato grebenasta, DE: blatno-peŠčeno dno; DC-DL-DE: mešano biodetritno dno; DC-SGCF: obalno peščeno-grob pesek in fin prod na prehodu pod pridnenimi tokovi). 
dea, 2 Holothuroidea, 9 Ophiuroidea, 9 Echinoidea) were found, in the Pontian Archipelago (Tab. 2), the number of species was higher: 32 decapod crustaceans (17 Brachiura, 12 Anomura, 3 Macrura) and 32 echino­derms (1 Crinoidea, 2 Holothuroidea, 3 Asteroidea, 12 Ophiuroidea, 14 Echinoidea). 
The obtained data highlighted, for both faunistic groups, differences in the specific composition of the two archipelagoes. 
As regards the carcinofauna, the species found in both archipelagoes are only twelve. In particular, 3 species of Ebalia genus (E. cranchi, E. granulosa and E. 

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TUSCAN ARCHIPELAGO 
DC Dt D l OC-DE-DL DC-SGCF 

CRUSTACEANS 
smhyncus LSIACH 

Dorthin us arrosot .HÜKÜST) 
Aoapa^mts laevts (BELL) 
Pajjuras prideaw* LEACH 
Pa^urus enacfior^us RtSSO 
Pa^urus scuiplimanus LUCAS 
Gablhea sirigusa (l.) 
Galathea iquamifwa I EACH 
Gahilhtia irmmniidia ULLiEBORO 
Eib»$a mascsrorve (HfRBST) 
libnNa tulxtrosa {PHNNANTJ 
Homota barbaU {FAflRlOUS) 
Uocyrdnus lariquiey (GOR DON• 

XanJho piiipes A, MtLNE f 0WARQ5 
Xaniho sncisus (LEACH) 
Munndacus couchi (COUCH) 
Gon^piax rhombmdes (L.) 
PsHbwQpc massp.ua (R.OUX] 
Ewynon«! aspc-ra (PENNANT) 
Lissa chrrngm <FABKtCiUS> 
EC1 itNODCRMS 
pbaSanfiwm (), MULLfctfi 

Mol pädia musculus RISSO 
Trachylhytfne DU SEN KO REN 
Ophiamyxa ijenlnßona (LAMARCK} 
Aniphkrra chiajei FOR&ES 
Amphiura [iiiformis {O, F, MULlIR] 
AmphiphpEi* squaroala (DEH.E CHIAjE) 
Acrocntda brach ia [a MONTAGU 
Optati * iragiiis {AOlDGAAfiD) 
Ophiupsila FORßES 
Ophiocoms fotei {HELLER} 
Ophigra alb ida TORSES 
Cid .iris cktoris (U 
Cetiocidaris macul a A-ACASSiZ 
EchiiaocyaimispubilktsiO. F-MULlfiR) 
Spalnngifs purp ureas (O. f. MLH.IHR) 
SpalAogus !«omits WORTEN St N 
Echirtoc:ard'ium c:ordalum (PENNANT! 
Echinocarilium morlenseni THIERV 
Schizasler ciifkftJfieruü (LAMARCK! 
ßmsopiis lyrifera (fORßES) 
Table 1: Faunislic list of collected species: those found only in the Tuscan (not in the Pontian) Archipelago are emphasized in boldface. Tabela l: Favnistični seznam zbranih vrst: (iste, ki so bile najdene samo v Toskanskem otočju; so označene z debelimi črkami. 
PONTiAN ISLANDS 
DC DL DC-UE'DL DC-SGCF CRUSTACEANS 
Axiu« sdrhvncus. LEACH 
Caifiana^sa suMertanea {MONTAGU) 
Up«fiebi;i pusiHa (PETAGNA) 
PaRurísí« eremita (i,} 
ClibäitaHus erythro pus 
{lATREill.í;) DmteiWK arrosor (HfjíBSTi 
Anapagmus fwlilt DECHANCE1 L FOREST 
Anapa.{L«ru.s fafjvss (BELL) 
Pafcurus aíatus FA0RÍCIUS 
PaRLrftfs uricteaux LEACH 
Paguros bernhardus (i.) 
Pavuras anachordus 
R}SSO Pajíuru.! cuanerists BELL 
Galathea boüvari ZARtOUIEV ALVAREZ 
Galnt o interim? rlia UKEBORG 
Ebntia luSjeiosa (PENNANT) 
Ebalia crancM LEACM 
EbaUa fcranutosa A. MÜ,NL EDWARDS 
Ihatta edwardsi COST A 
Thta scukliata {FAÖKtCäUS) 
Gathyncctes jonßipcs (RISSO) 
Liocardmss GORDON 
Üocatcimjs (Kisillus <LLACH) 
tferraremos corru^atus ^PENNANT) 
XiWJho pílifWís A. MILNE HOWARDS 
XanHw porosa (OUVl) 
Xaotho incisus (l.EACHI 
Partbertope m<won<i {ftOUX} 
ü^rvnan«! rispen (PENNANT' 
Pisa noriip^ ((.EACH) 
Inachus rfnrse((ensis (PENNANT) 
inathuü tboratieus (ROUX) 
tCHtNODERMS 
Lejjfon^.lrrt phaLinniuni i) MULLÍ-R) 
HoMhuria tubulosa GMHI N 
Ubidoplax di^itaia (MONTAGU ) 
Astropticfen aranciacwi (L) 
Luidia sarsi DU8EN-KORFN 
Echmaster sepositu«. (RETZIUS) 
Opliinniyxn penla^on«^ ü.AMAROO 
Ainphfura chiaje? F0RÍÍE.5 
Amphiura rocdilerrAfiea (.Y,MAN 
Amphiura apkuta CH5RDONNIER 
Amphiura aecurißera (DUDEN KOREN) 
AWPBWIRA filiform»* (O. F.MUIA.ERV 
Oobiotcix frA^üis ÍAR5DGAARD] 
Ophi0|>.sii<i aranos !:(>R0KS 
üphiopsila annulosa (M. SARS^ 
Ophioderma lon^icaudufn (RfTZIUS) 
O«!iiocc?nss l'c>rb«si (HEILER) 
Onbiurn aibkla f:ÜR8LS 
Oflarií cidarts {L.) 
Cwrtcídarís niciodA . AGASSÍZ 
Spí»3tf0c{i!iUiS ^ranu^aris (LAMARCK) 
Echinus acutus LAMARCK 
Psammccbifiiis microbLbcrculaius oLAWvau; 
Fchinocy<.in-ms pasillo tO. f-MULLKR) 

jjurpureus (O.F. MULtER) 
Spaian^i«; inermis MORTENSi^N 
Hrbinocnfilium cord alum (PENNANT] 
Echinocardium medilerraneum {FORBES) 
Schinocar<lium rrro?tersen i THIERY 
Schúasier c:analiferuj! (LAMARCK1 
Bríssopsís all<kíitíca medíterrartca MOR TENSEN 
BHssus unicolor (j.ISKE) 

Table 2: Faunistic list of collected species: those found only in the Pontian (not in the Tuscan) are emphasized in boldface. Tabela 2: Favnistični seznam zbranih vrst: tisteki so bile najdene samo v Pontskem otočju, so označene z mastnimi črkami. 
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edwardsi) were collected only at the Pontian Islands. On the oher hand, in the Tuscan Archipelago various findings of Galathea strigosa and G. squamifera in the mixed bottoms DC-DE-DL were made. 
In the decapod crustaceans we can clearly show the piesence of a group of species which includes Ethusa mascarone, Xantho pilipes, X. poressa and Partbenope massena; they are linked to coarse substrata closely enough to be considered coarse sediment-loving species (Spanô, 1992). Particularly important in this respect is the presence of Ebalia species, whose preferred habitat consists of detritic bottoms that show in effect a generic affinity to coarse substrata and require a considerable hydrodynamism level. Also interesting is Axius stir­hynchus collected many times in both archipelagoes. The few data available in the literature note this species in a very particular environment, such as Offshore Mud (VL, Gamulin-Brida, 1974) of the Adriatic Sea, while our large findings only on detritic bottoms seem to be in complete disagreement. On the other hand, the VL bio­coenosis constitutes quite a limited and very character­istic environment, for which it may not be possible to hypothesize a range for the species exten-ding into shallower biocoenoses. It is more likely that the species tolerates sandy sub-strates and high hydrodynamism level. 
Dardanus arrosor is a circabathyal species, fine sedi­ment* loving, considered by Péres & Picard (1964) as a companion species of the Biocoenoses of the Bathyai Mud (VP, Péres & Picard, 1964). Apart from the bio­nomic definition, this species is quite often found in a wide range of detritic biocoenoses (Jacquotte 1963; Fal­conetti, 1980); a different bathymétrie and bionomic lo­cation in respect to age and reproduction period can be hypothesized, as for many other species of Diogenidae. 
Finally the findings, on detritic bottoms, of Eurynome aspera are characteristic: to date this species has been considered as having a wide ecological distribution (Ire, Picard, 1965), but in our opinion it is strictly linked in­stead to the detritic substrate complex (DC-DE-DL, Spanô, 1994). 
Also as regards the> echinofauna, most of the species found in both studied areas are characteristic of biode­tritic bottoms with a rather coarse texture. Differences in the faunistic composition of the two archipelagoes per­tain principally to the classes Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea and Echinoidea. In particular, sea stars were found only in the Pontian Archipelago, where three species were collected: Astropecten avrantiacus, coarse sediment-loving found quite often in the Biocoenosis of Coarse Sand and Fine Gravel under Bottom Currents (SGCF, Péres & Picard, 1964}, but also abundant in North Adriatic mud bottoms, Luidia sarsi, sandy sediment-loving and characteristic species of the Biocoenosis of Shelf-edge Detritic (DL, Péres & Picard, 1964) and fi­nally Echinaster sepositus, which has a wide ecological distribution (Ire), but in any case with affinity to biode­tritic substrates. Among the regular sea urchins, Sphaerechinus granulans and Psammechinus microtu­bercutatus were collected only at the Pontian Islands. The former is coarse sediment-loving and linked to the SGCF biocoenosis, while the latter is characteristic exclusively of the Biocoenosis of Coastal Detritic (DC, Péres & Picard, 1964). Amongst the brittle stars, two species are worth mentioning: Ampbiura securigera, noted only three times in the Mediterranean Sea (Guille, 1972; Zavodnik, 1973; Aibertelit & Cattaneo, 1980) and by at a depth of 70 m at Ventotene and Ophioconis forbesi, present in both archipelagoes, little noted in the Mediterranean and exclusively characteristic of the DC biocoenosis. 
From a comparison of the detritic biocoenotic stocks of the bottoms examined in the two different archipela­goes (Fig. 2) it is evident that in both cases the highest percentage is made up of DC biocoenosis (45% in the Tuscan and 58% in the Pontian Archipelago). A signifi­cant difference is noted between the two areas studied with regard to biocoenoses of coarser granulometry, principally represented in the Pontian Islands, in particu­lar the DC-SGCF transition shows frequency values of 5% in the Tuscan and of 10% in the Pontian Archipel­ago. On the other hand, biocoenoses characterized by finer texture sediments, Biocoenosis of Shelf-edge Detritic and of the Muddy Detritic Bottoms (DE, Péres & Picard, 1964) are more widespread in the Tuscan Archipelago. Specifically the DE biocoenosis in this area shows percentual values equal to about double those that characterize the Pontian Islands. The DL biocoeno­sis is present in the Tuscan Archipelago with values (19%) which diverge little from those of the Pontian (14%). The percentual incidence of mixed stock DC-DE­DL is comparable in the two archipelagoes. 
CONCLUSIO N 
The bionomic analysis of the collected species re­vealed that most of them are consistent with the detritic environments studied, especially with regard to substra­tum affinity. 
Ultimately the echinoclerms, which are less vagile than decapods, assume a clearer role in terms of bionomic description. In contrast, species from the car­cinofauna supply more detailed information on edaphic factors which characterize various biotopes locally. 
Based on the critical examination of the collected data, it is worth underlining the necessity to revise some bionomic definitions which to date have been attributed to the echinofauna or carcinofauna. in particular, the rigorous definition of biocoenoses is restricted by inade­quacy of sampling and disperse data, Ceneral conclu­sions have often been wrongly drawn from a few local studies. 

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POVZETEK 
Avtorici poročata o rezultatih vzorčenja bentoške favne na mehkem dnu v Toskanskem in Pontskern otočju v Sredozemskem morju med letoma 1988 in 1991. Vzorčenje je bilo opravljeno na 506 detritnih postajah, v tem delu avtorici navajata podatke le s 197 postaj, značilnih po deseteronožcih in iglokožcih, ki tam živijo. 64 od teh je bilo i/ Toskanskem območju, kjer je bilo zabeleženih 20 vrst deseteronožcev in 21 vrst iglokožcev, 133 pa v Pontskern otočju, kjer je bilo zbranih po 32 vrst za oba taksoria. Zbrani podatki za favnistični skupini kažejo na razlike v specifični sestavi dveh otočij. Kar zadeva rake, je bilo v obeh otočjih najdenih samo 12 vrst. Tri vrste iz rodu Ebaiia 
(E. cranc R E, granulosa in E. edvvardsi), značilne za peščeno dno, so bile najdene samo v Pontskern otočju, medtem ko je bilo na mešanem dnu DC-DE-DL v Toskanskem otočju najdenih več primerkov vrst Galalhea strigosa in G. squamifera. Kar zadeva iglokožce, je večina vrst, najdenih v obeh preučevanih območjih, značilna za bolj grobo biodetritično dno. Razlike v favnistični sestavi dveh otočij gredo v glavnem na račun razredov Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea in Ec h i no idea. 
Ob primerjavi biodetretnih biocenoznih podlag na dnu dveh različnih raziskanih otočjih je jasno, da največji odstotek v obeh primerih sestavljata biocenozi DC. Ob kritičnem pregledu zbranih podatkov avtorici poudarjata, da bi bilo treba na novo pregledati bionomske definicije, ki so bile do danes pripisane favni iglokožcev in desete­ronožcev. 
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