Mpmha A^ekceebha k^pmyhoba
^EHHOCTHWE OPHEHTHPW PyCCKOrO HE^OBEKA CKBO3b nPH3My HMEHH COBCTBEHHOrO (nO MATEPHA^AM PErHOHA^bHOH AHTPOnOHHMHH XV-XVII BB.)
CoBiss: 1.01
Vrednostni orientirji ruskega človeka skoz lastnoimensko prizmo (po gradivu regionalne antroponimije 15.-17. stoletja)
V članku se z vidika antropocentrizma analizirajo antroponimne enote (vzdevki, nekoledarska in koledarska osebna imena), ki jih beležijo karelski zapisi iz 15.-17. stoletja. Ključne besede: zgodovinska antroponimija, antroponimna enota, privmitev, vrednostni sistem tradicionalnih osebnih imen
Value Reference Points for Russian People Viewed through Proper Names (Based on Regional Anthroponymy from the Fifteenth to Seventeenth Centuries)
This article analyzes anthroponymic units (nicknames, non-saints' names, and traditional saints' names) found in fifteenth- to seventeenth-century writings from Karelia and presents them from an anthropocentric point of view.
Keywords: historical anthroponymy, Old Russian, anthroponymic unit, reconstruction, value system
1 BEEgEKHE
KoHe^ XX - Hanano XXI bb. 03HaMeH0BaHM o5pa^eHHeM ryMaHUTapHoro coo5-^ecTBa K npo5neMaM aHTpo^o^eHTpH3Ma, HccnegoBaHHro a3MKOBoro co3HaHHa Hapoga, B^iHBneHHro napagurMM ^eHHocTHMx opueHTupoB, «cTepeoTunoB».1 Be-gy^ee MecTo b TaKux H3MCKaHHax npHHagne^HT ^HHrBHCTaM: KorHHTonoraM, ^THo^HH^BHCTaM, aHTpononoraM, ^HHrBoKynbTyponoraM, ncHxonHHrBHCTaM. B ^eHTpe BHHMaHHa HaxogaTca pa3nHHHMe nHHrBHCTHHecKHe egHHH^M (na^e Bcero neKCHHecKaa cucTeMa), ^yHK^HOHHpyro^He npe^ge Bcero b coBpeMeH-HMx co^HyMax (ÄnpecaH 1995; ÄpyroTroHoBa 1999; Be®5H^Kaa 1997; KapaynoB 1987; Cepe5peHHKoB 1988; CTenaHoB 2001; Tenua 1988; yprncoH 2003; mMe-neB 2002). flyxoBHMe ^eHHocTH HenoBeKa, ^uBmero go XVII b., pegKo cTaHo-B^Tca o5teKToM H3yHeHHa, xots b oTenecTBeHHofi HayKe HMeroTca MoHorpa^HH,
1 HccnegoBaHHe BMnonHeHo npH ^HHaHooBoH noggep^Ke MHHo5pHayKH Pocchh b paMKax npoeKTHoH HacTH rocygapcTBeHHoro sagaHHa b c^epe HayHHoH geaTentHocTH, ^ 33.1162.2014/K.
B KOTopMX gaHHaa TeMa aBnaeTca unu c^e^Ha^bHMM npegMeTOM u 05teKT0M
H3yHeHHa, unu 3aTparuBaeTca KOCBeHHO (BeHguHa 2002; rypeBUH 1984; Kone-coB 1986; TonopoB 1995). hctohhuku, k kotopmm o5pa^aroTca uccnegoBaTe-nu, - ^To cBegeHua no Mu^onoruu, ^ontKnopy, ^THUHecKOH ucTopuu, gaHHMe no MaTepuanbHofi KyntType, a TaK^e a3MKoBMe eguHu^M, 3a^uKcupoBaHHMe b nucbMeHHMX goKyMeHTax pa3HMX nepuogoB, KoToprne no3BonaroT ycTaHoBuTb Ba^HocTb pa3nuHHMx cTopoH ®u3Hu HenoBeKa u o5^ecTBa b ^enoM b onpege-neHHoe ucTopuHecKoe BpeMa.
Hau5onee 5nu3KoH gna gaHHofi cTaTbu aBnaeTca MoHorpa^ua T. H. BeH-guHofi «CpegHeBeKoBMH HenoBeK b 3epKane cTapocnaBaHCKoro a3MKa», b ko-Topofi Hepe3 aHanu3 neKcuHecKux u cnoBoo5pa3oBaTenbHMx ocoöeHHocTefi, oTpa^eHHMX B naMaTHuKax nucbMeHHocTu cTapocnaBaHCKoro a3MKa, cgenaHa nonMTKa norpy3uTbca b Mup cMMcnoB u ^eHHocTefi cpegHeBeKoBoro HenoBeKa, onpegenuTb HanpaBneHua, no kotopmm ^opMupoBanacb nuHHocTb. T. H. BeH-guHa npuxoguT k BMBogy, hto cpegHeBeKoBMfi HenoBeK - «^uboh, MMcna^ufi u HyBCTByro^ufi HenoBeK [...], noBegeHue KoToporo geTepMuHupoBaHo penu-ruefi u o5^ecTBoM» (BeHguHa 2002: 308). B ^enoM npuHuMaa BMBogM aBTopa MoHorpa^uu, oTMeTuM: 5e3 coMHeHua, xpucTuaHCTBo - ogHa u3 Ba^HMx cto-poH CpegHeBeKoBoro o5^ecTBa, ho oho 5Mno npuBHeceHHofi ucKyccTBeHHofi gorMofi, guKToBaBmefi HenoBeKy: KaKuM oh gon^eH ÖMTb u Hero oh He gon-®eH genaTb. B ocHoBe u3yHeHua - anennaTuBHaa neKcuKa CTapocnaBaHCKux naMaTHuKoB nucbMeHHocTu, 3HaKoMcTBo c KoTopofi noKa3ano, hto npu onuca-Huu ^eHHocTHMx opueHTupoB pyccKoro HenoBeKa b a3MKoBofi KapTuHe Mupa uMeroTca naKyHM, KoTopMe He no3BonaroT go KOH^a gaTb o5teKTuBHMfi aHa-nu3 3HaHuMMx ctopoh ®u3hu pyccKoro HenoBeKa, ^uBmero b goHa^uoHanb-Hyro ^^oxy, ^eHHocTHMx ycTaHoBoK, KoTopMe 5Mnu noggep^aHM xpucTu-aHcTBoM. TaK, pucya nopTpeT HenoBeKa no MaTepuanaM cTapocnaBaHcKoro a3MKa, T. H. BeHguHa oTMeHaeT, hto BHemHue oco5eHHocTu npegcTaBneHM gocTaToHHo cKyno, a cnucoK M0panbH0-^TUHecKux KaHecTB, kotopmmu o5na-gan Ham npegoK, 5onee o5mupeH.
HanuHue «5enMx naTeH» 3acTaBuno o5paTuTbca k noucKy 5a3M, koto-paa Mo^eT gononHuTb cBegeHua o HenoBeKe, ero Mupe u cucTeMe ^eHH0CTefi B npomnoM. TaKuM uctohhukom nocny^una aHTponoHuMua TeppuTopuu Ka-penuu XV-XVII bb. - nepu^epufiHaa HacTb Pycu. 05pa^eHue k oTganeHHo-My ot ^eHTpa peruoHy o5ycnoBneHo TeM, hto Kapenua - ^T0 yHuKanbHaa 3oHa cnaBaHcKoro npocTpaHcTBa, rge, no cnoBaM H. A. Me^epcKoro, b a3MKoBofi cucTeMe B 5onbmefi cTeneHu, HeM Ha TeppuTopuax, b npomnoM npu5nu®eHHMx K MocKBe, a paHee k HoBropogy, coxpaHanucb apxauHecKue HepTM (Me^ep-cKufi 1963: 113). KpoMe Toro, Kapenua - ^To TeppuTopua, uMero^aa TMcaHe-neTHue KoHTaKTM pyccKoro u npu5anTuficKo-^uHcKoro HaceneHua. HMeHHo ^0^T0My oHoMacTuKoH Kapenuu g0Ha^U0HanbH0^0 nepuoga Mo^eT cny^uTb 3HaHuMMM ^neMeHT0M b no3HaHuu a3MKa, cucTeMM ^eHH0CTefi, KynbTypM
Hapoga, HacenaBmero gaHHMH peruoH. HHTepeceH u BpeMeHHOH 0Tpe30K, oh npegcTaBnaeT aHTponoHUMUHecKyro cucTeMy KaK oco5yro KOHTaMHHa^Hro xpu-CTuaHCKoro u goxpucTuaHCKoro, nocne XVIII b. ^To cTano HeB03M0®H0. Hctoh-HUKaMu nocny^unu 0^u^ua^bH0-ge^0BMe goKyMeHTM Kapenuu XV-XVII bb. Ha pyccKOM u mBegcKOM a3MKax: ^uc^oBMe, go3opHMe, nepenucHMe u no3e-MenbHMe KHuru, b KOTopMX 3a^uKcupoBaHM uMeHa HanoronnaTenb^uKOB - :®u-Tenefi Kapenuu. K aHanu3y npuBneKaroTca Bce aHTponoHuMunecKue eguHu^M (oKono 100.000), Hamegmue oTpa:eHue b uccnegyeMMx ucTOHHuKax: KaneH-gapHMe u HeKaneHgapHMe nu^HMe uMeHa, npo3Bu^a, naTpoHuMM, noceccuB-HMe ohkohumm. Be3ycnoBHo, pa3HMe aHTponoHuMunecKue eguHu^M o5nagaroT HeoguHaKoBMM aHTpo^o^eHTpuHecKUM ^oTeH^uanoM. Hau5onee uH^opMaTuB-HM npo3Bu^a (Kapöac, Ma3uno, OxnonoK, necmpHK u t. g.), ganee cnegyroT HeKaneHgapHMe nu^HMe uMeHa (nepeyma, MdaH, Bomk u t. g.), 3aTeM naTpoHuMM u ohkohumm (3yee, ^ypaeuH, OöanöuH, gep. Ea3apoeo, MecTo EapduHa u T. g.), Bocxoga^ue k npo3Bu^aM. flanee Ha3oBeM KaneHgapHMe uMeHa u o5pa-3oBaHHMe Ha ux 5a3e naTpoHuMM u ohkohumm (HeamKo, HeaHoe, gep. HeaHoe-CKan u T. g.). HH^opMaTuBHa u cTpyKTypa uMeHoBaHua b ^enoM, ux 5onbmoe pa3Hoo5pa3ue: ot ogHoKoMnoHeHTHMx go MHoroKoMnoHeHTHMx (MumKo; He-HaÜKo HcmoMUH; EpMOMKa AneKcaHÖpuKoe^yöuHa; CmenaHKo PadueoHoe cuh MonymKa; HcmoMa BopcuH Ky3He^oe u t. g.).
2 pEKOHCTPyK^Hfl ^^EMEHTOB ^EKCHHECKOH CHCTEMW nO MATEFHA^AM AHTPOnOHHMHH
CHanana o5paTuMca k caMMM cogep:aTenbHMM c tohku 3peHua ceMaHTuKu oc-hobm aHTponoHuMunecKuM eguHu^aM, ^yHK^uoHupyro^uM b TeKcTax genoBMX goKyMeHToB, - npo3Bu^aM. HMeHHo ohu 5^inu yKa3aHM uccnegoBaTenaMu b KanecTBe uctohhukob BoccTaHoBneHua neKcuKo-ceMaHTunecKofi cucTeMM npo-mnoro. HanuHaa c 60-x rr. XX b., u 5^inu npu3HaHM cBoeo5pa3HMMu «pe3ep-BaTaMu a3MKoBMx penuKToB» u ^eHHeHmuM uctohhukom u3yHeHua pyccKoro a3MKa go XVIII b. (TpyöaneB 1968; fleparuH 1985; A3apx 1981; HafiKuHa 1991; Hukohob 2007; nonaKoBa 2007; BoraneBa 2009; raH:uHa 2001). Hx oco5aa «Muccua» B TeKcTe genoBMx goKyMeHToB aBunacb Tofi gBu^y^efi cunofi, koto-paa 3acTaBuna neKcuKorpa^oB «y3aKoHuTb» npo3Bu^a u BKnronuTb ux b cocTaB cnoBHuKa CnoBapa pyccKoro a3MKa XI-XVII bb. Ha o5^ux npaBax c Hapu^a-TenbHofi neKcuKofi. floKa3aHo, hto npo3Bu^a BocxogaT b 5onbmefi cBoefi Macce K ^Kc^peccuBHMM anennaTuBaM, KoTopMe oTcyTcTByroT b naMaTHuKax genoBofi nucbMeHHocTu XV-XVII bb. b cuny ux :aHpoBoro cBoeo5pa3ua.
npegcTaBuM npuMep peKOHCTpyK^uu cnoBa. B Kynnefi Aktob ConoBe^Ko^o MoHacTMpa 3a^uKcupoBaH rpuropefi rpHÖaH (ACM 1542: 60), rge npo3Bu^e rpHÖaH BocxoguT K anennaTuBy *rpHÖaH, He 3a^uKcupoBaHHoMy b pyccKux naMaTHuKax nucbMeHHocTu. Ho ^uKca^ua aHTponoHuMa b goKyMeHTe aBnaeTca
g0Ka3aTenbCTB0M Toro, hto TaKoe HapH^aTe^bHoe cy^ecTBHTenbHoe ömho b neK-cHHecKOH cHCTeMe XVI B. BepoaTHo, ^To cnoBo cogep^ano xapaKTepHCTHKy BHemHocTH HenoBeKa, nocKonbKy b coBpeMeHHMx roBopax HaxoguM omohh-MHHHMH anennaTHB rpuSaH - 'HenoBeK c ToncTMMH ry5aMH' ncK., cp. TaK^e rpHÖa - 'ry5a' ncK., Teep., cmom., EpHH. (CPHr 7: 140). bo3mo®ho npeg-nono^eHHe u o gpyrux MoTUBax HMeHoBaHHa: cp. rpHÖäH 'yrproMMH, BeHHo HegoBonbHMH HenoBeK' Apx. (CPHr 7: 140), a TaK^e rpHÖHTbca 'gyTbca, Ka-npH3HHHaTb' Myd., Hoe^. (CPrK 1: 396), 'Mop^HTbca, xMypuTbca, nnaKaTb, cKpuBUB ryÖM' Teep. (CPHr 7: 140). TaKUM o5pa3oM, cnoBo *rpHÖaH peKoH-cTpyupoBaHo gna a3MKa g0Ha^H0HanbH0^0 nepuoga.
TaKUM ®e uctohhukom nononHeHua cBegeHUH o neKcuHecKoM cocTaBe a3M-Ka g0Ha^U0HanbH0H ^^oxu aBnaroTca naTpoHuMM u noceccuBHMe ohkohumm, o5pa3oBaHHMe ot npo3Bu^ c ^Kc^peccuBH0H anennaTuBHofi ochoboh. K gaHHMM aHTponoHuMuHecKuM eguHU^aM o5pa^aeMca b tom cnyHae, ecnu npo3Bu^e ot-cyTcTByeT b TeKcTe naMaTHuKa nucbMeHHocTu.
TaK, naTpoHuM ByTacoB (CeHKa ga rpumKa ByxacoBM, nKOn 1563: 141), 5e3ycnoBHo, BocxoguT k npo3Bu^y ByTac, K0Topoe mo®ho cBa3aTb c öyTäc -'cypoBMH, yrproMMH HenoBeK' Cee.-ß^euH., 'HenroguMMH, Heo5^uTenbHMH HenoBeK' Apx. (CPHr 3: 309; AOC 2: 188). CnegoBaTenbHo, anennaTuB *öyTac B0ccTaH0BneH gna neKcuHecKofi cucTeMM g0Ha^U0HanbH0^0 nepuoga.
B cocTaBe noceccuBHoro 0fiK0HuMa gep. ^K0BneBcKaa TeTWXHHa Ha CBa-T0M HaBonoKe fflynaTHuK0BcKaa (K3nOn 1582/83: 147) BMgenuM K0Mn0HeHT TeTWXHHa, K0T0pMfi BocxoguT K naTpoHuMy TeTWXHH u npo3Bu^y TeTWxa, noKa He 3a^uKcupoBaHHMMu b 0H0MacTuHecK0fi cucTeMe npomnoro. KoHeHHMfi ^neMeHT anennaTuB TeTWxa conocTaBuM c TeTWxa - 'gopogHaa, rpy5oBaTaa 5a-5a, 5a5u^a, geBKa' (flanb 4: 403).
nogo5HMM 05pa30M Ha 5a3e ^Tux aHTponoHuMuHecKux eguHu^, ^yHK^uo-Hupyro^ux B naMaTHuKax nucbMeHHocTu Kapenuu XV-XVII bb., BoccTaHaBnu-BaeTca ceMaHTuHecKoe MHo®ecTBo ^Kc^peccuBHMx anennaTuB0B. nogpo5Haa MeToguKa peK0HCTpyK^uu neKcuKu no gaHHMM aHTponoHuMuu npegcTaBneHa B guccepTa^uoHH0M uccnegoBaHuu H. A. KropmyH0B0fi (KropmyH0Ba 1994). Be3ycnoBHo, conocTaBnaeMMe aHTponoHuM u anennaTuB pa3geneHM 3HaHuTenb-HMM BpeMeHHMM np0Me®yTK0M, ^0^T0My «BoccTaHaBnuBaa apxauHecKue 3Ha-HeHua cnoB, cnegyeT nocToaHHo uMeTb b Bugy, hto noHaTua gpeBHux nrogefi Mornu He coBnagaTb nonHocTbro co cxogHMMu noHaTuaMu coBpeMeHHMx nro-gefi» (Cepe5peHHuK0B 1973: 63).
3 hHOOPMATHBHAH 3HAHHMOCTb PA3^HHHWX AHTPOnOHHMHHECKHX EgHHH^ B OnPEgE^EHHH gyXOBHWX ^EHHOCTEH
3.1 OgHOBpeMeHHo BMecTe c BoccTaHOBneHHeM HegocTaro^Hx 3BeHbeB b neKCH-Ko-ceMaHTHHecKOH cHCTeMe npomnoro no gaHHMM perHOHanbHofi aHTponoHU-
MHH H HX aHanH30M C TOHKH 3peHHa CHCTeMHOCTH MO^HO rOBOpHTb O Cy^eCTBeH-HOM gonOAHeHHH Hamux 3HaHHH o gyXOBHMX, MOpa^bHO-^THHeCKHX ^eHHOCTaX, Ha KOTopMe opueHTHpoBanca pyccKHH HenoBeK.
BHyTpu BoccTaHoBneHHoro ceMaHTUHecKoro MHo^ecTBa BMgenaroTca gBe rpynnM: Ha3BaHHa no ^H3HHecKHM oco5eHHocTaM u Ha3BaHHa no mo-pa^bHO-^THHecKHM KaHecTBaM. Ka^gaa rpynna HanonHeHa 5onbmuM KonuHe-ctbom MUKporpynn (oKono 100) pa3HMx no o5teMy, KoToprne noKa3MBaroT, hto cneKTp BHemHux ocoöeHHocTeö u MopanbHo-^TUHecKux KaHecTB HenoBeKa, no-nagaBmux b c^epy uMeHoBaHua, 5^in gocTaToHHo BenuK.
3.1.1 CaMoe 5onbmoe KonuHecTBo uMeHoBaHufi BocxoguT k Ha3BaHuaM nu^a, rge BMgenaeTca KoMnoHeHT 'nonHMH HenoBeK'. HanpuMep, BacroK Kepe^a (nKOn 1563: 243) u Kepe^a '5proxaH, o5®opa; ToncTMH, HenoBopoTnuBMH HenoBeK' Meče., KaHÖ. (CPrK 2: 340), nogoÖHoe cooTHomeHue aHTponoHu-Ma C anennaTuBoM, uMero^uM b CBoeM cocTaBe ceMy 'nonHMÖ', Ha5nrogaeM y npo3Bu^ BoTBa, BoHKa, r^agKOH, KopoBa, Kyöac, Kyöan, KypöaT, ^aö-3a, ^ycTa, MsHga, OöpwTa, O^e^roxa, Te^eneHb, To^cthk, To^ctoh, Ty-Kan u gp., 3a^uKcupoBaHHMx b genoBoö nucbMeHHocTu Kapenuu (Bcero 55 aHTpononeKceM).
TaKuMu ®e o5teMHMMu aBnaroTca rpynnM uMeHoBaHufi, y kotopmx ocHoBa cogep^uT anennaTuB co 3HaHeHueM 'HeaKKypaTHMH, HeonpaTHMH HenoBeK, rpa3-Hyna': BapaKca, Eapan, Bap3aKa, BaTO^a, roMa3a, ^HraH, KacTeö, Ky^eMa, Ma3H^o, Ma3ypa, Myp3aH, ny^HKO, Cbhhbh, Yprona, HynpsK, Uapan u T. g. (Bcero 22 aHTpononeKceMM); 'Bo3pacTHMe oco5eHHocTu HenoBeKa': Bapga, 3e^eHe^, Kapran, KoKmaK, Ma^bra, Ma^KO, Ha3HM(MH), HecTapMÖ, Co-cyH, CTapHHa, CTapKO, Hpe^ (Bcero 16 aHTpononeKceM) u 'cnaÖMH, 5one3-HeHHMH HenoBeK': rn^a, ^pax^oö, Knce^b, Kopna, C^aÖMpb, Xh^ok, Xpun, XpunyH, Xyaoö (Bcero 12 aHTpononeKceM).
Bonbmaa HacTb ocTanbHMx MuKporpynn uMeroT He5onbmyro HanonHae-MocTb B npegenax peruoHa. Ohu npegcTaBneHM 2-4 neKceMaMu: 'rop5aTMH HenoBeK', 'HeKpacuBMH HenoBeK', 'HenoBeK c ToncTMMu ry5aMu' - (4), 'Ka-neKa', 'HenoBeK c ucKpuBneHHMM no3BoHoHHuKoM', 'xpoMoö HenoBeK', 'HenoBeK, uMero^ufi ge^eKTM 3y5oB' - (3), 'HenoBeK, cTpagaro^ufi ogMmKoö', 'HenoBeK, cTpagaro^ufi rpM^eö', 'HenoBeK c tohkumu HoraMu', 'HenoBeK, c KpuBMMu HoraMu' - 2 u T. g. MHoro uMeHoBaHufi, KoTopMe TpygHo o5tegu-HuTb B KaKue-nu5o rpynnM, ogHaKo ceMaHTuKy ochobm mo^ho pacmu^poBaTb
gOCTaTOHHO CXeMaTHHHO, KaK 'HenOBeK, HMero^HH ^H3HHeCKHe OTKflOHeHHa unu OTKHOHeHHa bo BHemHOCTu'.
OKa3anocb, HTO HOMUHaTopM He ocTaBunu 5e3 BHUMaHua Hu ogHoro ot-nuHUTenbHoro CBoficTBa b CTpoeHuu Tena HenoBeKa, ero OTgenbHMX HacTefi u npoHux oco5eHHocTeH BHemHocTu: ^BeT Bonoc, ko^u; pocT; ge^eKTM, npu-o5peTeHHMe u HacnegcTBeHHMe; BHemHe BMpa^eHHMe nocnegcTBua 5one3-hu u t. g.
OTMenaroTca öonbmeö HacTbro pa3nuHHMe OTKnoHeHua HacTefi Tena ot CTaHgapTa, ux HegocTaTKu. Cp., HanpuMep, ocoöeHHOCTu Hor: rpuropufi Ba-TOHor (CTpoKuHa nycT. 1565; HOHOr: ^4: 28) u öoTOHÖrHÖ - 'HenoBeK c 3anneTaro^eHca Horofi' 6e3 yKa3. Mecma (CPHr 3: 138). Croga ®e otho-caTca npo3Bu^a: oh^umko To^CTOHor (nKOn 1496: 53); BacroK X^yno-Hor (nKOn 1563: 164) u x^onMH 'uMero^ufi yKopoHeHHyro Hory, xpoMofi' Hyd., Tuxe., Ha^. (CPrK 6: 720); HBaHKo Xpomoh (flK^n 1597: 229); ma-pan flaBMgoB, 5o5Mnb, (refiMaH 1941: 1594: 342) u mapan - 'HenoBeK c KpuBMMu HoraMu' Bono^. (KapT. CPrK). B gaHHyro rpynny 5ygyT BxoguTb ochobm TaKux npo3Bu^, KaK Ko^TMpb, ^MTKa, HoraTKa, ToHKoHor, X^y-noHor, XpoMe^, ^e^KoHor. ^oöaBuM uMeHOBaHuaMu no gpyruM peruoHaM: Be3HorHH, KpHBoHorHH, ^o^roHorHH, XpoMoHorHH u T. g. OcOÖeHHOcTu pyK - *Koöpa (CTenaH OHgpeeB cmh PaBga Ko6pHH, KeMnaHuH; refiMaH 1941: 1572: 221) u KÖ6pa - 'pyKa' nodn. (CPrK 2: 381), KoöäpKa - 'pyKa, KucTb' KeM. (CPrK 2: 381); naKy^a (refiMaH 1941: 1591: 321) u naKy^a - 'neBaa pyKa' Hu^e^op. (CPHr 25: 161); näKKy^a 'neBaa pyKa', 'neBma' Kupum. (CPrK 4: 373); no gpyruM peruoHaM Pycu OTMeHeHM TaKue npo3Bu^a, KaK BeapyKHH, ^o^ropyKHH, KpHBopyKHH, ToHKopyKHH u t. g. OcoöeHHocTu ronoBM - e^umko CeMeHOB ByT (nKOn 1563: 130) u cnoeeH. buta '5onb-meronoBMfi HenoBeK' (OacMep 1: 253); rpumKa HBaHOB raHrona (nKOn 1563: 60) u Kap. - haqgo 'Bunrn' + pää 'ronoBa, KOHe^' (MaMOHTOBa 1988: 223); HBamKo ro^oBapb (nKOn 1496: 2) u öenopyc. duan. ra^aBäpb - 'He-noBeK c 5onbmofi ronoBofi' (^CC^ 7: 7-8), a TaK^e TaKue, KaK ro^oBaH, ro^oBKa, ropmoK, K^yö, KonaH, KypHK, MegBe^ba ronoBa, Tpacoro-^ob u t. g.
Be3ycnoBHO, BpeMeHHaa OTganeHHocTb aHTponoHuMa u conocTaBnaeMoro c hum anennaTuBa roBopuT o5 u3BecTHofi cTeneHu runoTeTuHHocTu BMBogoB, ho KonuHecTBeHHMe noKa3aTenu garoT BO3MO®HocTb gna npegnono^eHua o cy^e-cTBOBaHuu B npomnoM ^CTeTHHecK0^0 KpHTepna: BHemHufi o5nuK HenoBeKa o^eHUBanca no napaMeTpaM Monodou ~ cmapuü, aKKypamHuü ~ HeaKKypamHuü, 3dopoeuü ~ öonbHoü, Kpacueuü ~ HeKpacueuü.
3.1.2 Ha3BaHua nu^ no M0panbH0-^TUHecKUM KaHecTBaM, peKOHcTpyupoBaHHMe no npo3Bu^aM, TaK^e npegcTaBneHM 5onbmuM KonuHecTBOM MuKporpynn, npu ^TOM rpynnM 5onee o5teMHMe, HeM rpynna BoccTaHOBneHHMx Ha3BaHufi nu^ no
BHemHHM (^H3HHecKHM) ocoöeHHocT^M. HcKflMHeHHe cocTaBAHTOT MHKporpyn-nM 'yMHMH HenoBeK' (2 aHTpononeKceMM), 'thxhh, cnoKOHHMH HenoBeK' (3 aH-TpononeKceMM), 'TpycnHBMH HenoBeK', 'MonHanHBMH HenoBeK', 'HeBe^ecTBeH-HMH HenoBeK' (no 4 aHTpononeKceMM).
npegcTaBHM b yÖMBaro^eM nopagKe HaHÖonee o5teMHMe rpynnM ^Kc^pec-chbob, oTpa^aro^HX MopanbHo-^THHecKHe KaHecTBa nH^a, k kotopmm BocxogaT npo3BH^a, oTMeHeHHMe b cpegHeBeKoBMx goKyMeHTax KapenuH:
[1]	'rnynMH HenoBeK' - Ba^ga, Bacapra, BeayM, By^ura, By^MH, ByT, Ba-^yö, Bnr^oxa, rara, r^ynam, ^yö, ^yÖHHa, ^ypaK(a), ^ypH^a, KBam-HH, KHHgHK, KHCxeHb, KoKa, ^anoTb, ^ynaÖKO, Hexec, Oöa^ga, O^e-^roxa, O^yx, OcTO^on, OmMapa, necT, CaMogyp, Cxo^ö, Te^eneHb, Te-xepH, Topon, TynHK, TypKa, Trojna, Tro^bna, HypaK, Heny^H, ffla^ra, ffle^ena h t. g. (Bcero 55 aHTpononeKceM);
[2]	'neHHBMH HenoBeK' - BaK^aH, BeKeT, BoTa^o, Ba^yö, Bnc^eHH, KOKOB-Ka, KoKopa, ^aryH, ^e^eHb, ^eHran, ^ogura, ^ox, ^mko, HeMHToö, Ox^HÖHHa, OmMaHaö, PHM3H, Te^eneHb, TpyTeHb, Xa^geö, ffla^a, fflaT, ffleöyHH, ffloöo^ga h t. g. (46);
[3]	'5onTnHBMH HenoBeK' - Ba^aKa (Ba^aKma), Baö, BaÖKo, BaceHb, Ba-xapb, BaHypa, Boöoma, Bo^TyH, ByöeH, ByTopa, BapaH, BapaaKa, BaTo-^a, ryHgop, KepKa, Ko^oko^, Ko^OKO^e^, Ko^Tupb, ^eB30He^, ^ono-Teö, ^onaTa, ^H3ra, ^Hna, C^oTa, CopoKa, TapaöyKa, Uaöa^a, fflaM-ma, ffloöo^ga, ^eMe^a h t. g. (41);
[4]	'n^HBMH HenoBeK' - Baa^o, ByxapH, Bap^ura, BepTHHeö, BHpaHe^, BpaH, ^eran, ^er^o, Kanado, Ke^ac, K^ena, Ko^oko^, Kphboh, ^h-ca, ^HCH^a, ^ogura, Maaypa, Myx^aK, HaMeT, OMyT, OmyK, npoKyga, CBHcTyH, Xboct, X^yc, X^rocT(a), ^yKa, M^a h t. g. (37);
[5]	'gpaHnuBMH HenoBeK' - BogyH, ByxaK, ByHH, BpuKa, Bbroma, ropaa, ropaaH, ^Hr^HH, 3a^ora, 3BopMra, K^ena, KoKmaK, KoKma, Ko^y-na, ^HnaH, ^ynaÖKo, Mhhko, naxxaH, Ta^Msa, Tepeö, Ypyc, Her^oK, ^e^KaH H T. g. (33);
[6]	'cBapnuBMH HenoBeK' - Ba3MKa, BypKo, ByneHb, Bepe^ara, BH3ra, ^e-pHra, ,^ygop(a), ^e^Ban, ^e^Ha, 3BHra, Kapaa, Ko^TupH, KproK, Krop-3a, ^eB30He^, PenHK, CeBproK, UaöaH, Hpe^ h t. g. (31);
[7]	'ynpaMMH HenoBeK' - BapaH, BpH^(a), Bmk, ^yöoHoc, ^roK(a), ^H^a, Ko3e^, KoKopa, KopHKa, KpeH(b), ^oöaH, Oöyx, PoraH, CoÖHHa, Cxup-ko, Tpecxa h t. g. (27);
[8]	'cKaHganucT, cnop^HK' - BpM3ra^o, BpuKa, By3yH, By^raK, ByHH, ra^-öaH, rpM3^o, ryga, 3agopKa, 3aMHTHH, Kocxapb, O^epa, Paro3a, Coöa-Ka, CyxopMa, Xap3a, Hra h t. g. (22).
PeKoHCTpyupoBaHHMe Ha 5a3e gaHHMx rpynn npo3BH^ anennaTHBM CBuge-TenbCTByroT o cy^ecxBoBaHHH b npomnoM y pyccKoro Hapoga onpegeneHHoro Mopa^bHoro KogeKca nepeg co5oh h o5^ecTBoM.
3.1.3 ConocTaBneHHe aHTponoHHMHHecKoro MaTepuana c guaneKTHMMH anennaTHBa-MH noKa3ano, hto ^Kc^peccHBHMM Ha3BaHHaM nH^a h3 o5eHX rpynn cBoficTBeHeH ceMaHTHHecKHH cHHKpeTH3M: B cTpyKType 3HaHeHHa guaneKTHoro anennaTHBa, c KOTopMM conocTaBnaeTca npo3Bu^e, cogep^aTca gononHUTentHMe cBoficTBa BHemHero o5nuKa HenoBeKa, a TaK^e ero xapaKTepa u noBegeHua, KOToprne Henb3a pacnneHuTb. TaK, b neKcuHecKoe 3HaHeHue cnoB, Ha3MBaro^ux nonHo-ro HenoBeKa, npoHuKaroT KoMnoHeHTM, gononHuTentHo onucMBaro^ue pa3nuH-HMe ^u3uHecKue gaHHMe: 'HeyKnro^ufi', 'HenoBopoTnuBMÖ', '3gopoBMH', '5o-ne3HeHHMH', 'HeBMcoKufi'. Cp. uMeHoBaHua, 3a^uKcupoBaHHMe b naMaTHuKax nucbMeHHocTu Kapenuu, u neKcuHecKoe 3HaHeHue guaneKTHMx u gpeBHepyc-ckux anennaTuBoB:
" nonHMH u HenoBopoTnuBMH, HeyKnro^ufi - KyöacKO ^yTbaHoB (nKOn 1563: 208) u nepeH. 3HaHeHue Kyöac 'o ToncToM, HeyKnro^eM HenoBeKe' OnoH. (CPHr 15: 378), a TaK^e KyöacTMÖ b gp.-pyccK. a3MKe - 'uMero^ufi BMnyKnMe 5oKa (o cocygax)', 'BMnyKnMfi' (CnP^ XI-XVII 8: 101); Kyöan (nKOn 1496: 26) u b roBopax Kapenuu Kyöän - nepeH. 'o HenoBopoTnu-bom, HeyKnro^eM HenoBeKe' (CPrK 3: 45); nogoÖHyro KOHTaMUHa^uro kom-noHeHToB 3HaHeHua Ha5nrogaeM npu aHanu3e BHyTpeHHefi ^opMM npo3Bu^ BaK^aH, BoHKa, ^aÖ3a, O^e^roxa, Te^eneHb; » nonHMH u 3gopoBMH - *r^aflMm (CeHKa r^agumoB; nKOn 1563: 150) u r^agum - 'nonHMfi, 3gopoBMH HenoBeK' Hep., Bonor. (HafiKuHa 1995: 25), 'ToncTMH, TyHHMH, ^upHMH HenoBeK unu ^uBoTHoe' KocTp., HoBr., Bnag., TBep., Bonor., KypcK., TaM5., BaT., Cp.-ypan., Opn. (CPHr 6: 182);
» nonHMH u 6one3HeHHMH -	(MeHmufi CTenaHoB cmh ,^y^^eB; CTpo-
KuHa nycT. 1602; HOHOr 1914; ^ 8; 69) u gyn^a - '5one3HeHHaa, TyHHaa, MegnuTentHaa ^eH^uHa' Bonor., cp. TaK^e gyn^a '3agHU^a' c.-e.-p.; ^TO ®e 3HaHeHue b nonbCKOM H3UKe y dupa, Bocxoga^ero, no MHeHuro M. Oa-cMepa, TaK ®e, KaK gyn^a, k gynno (OacMep 1: 554); » nonHMH u HeBMcoKufi - MuHKa neTpoB KypöaTKO (nKOn 1563: 207) u KypöaTUH 'ManopocnMfi u ToncTMfi' neH3., CapaT., KpacHoap., Bnag. 'Ton-ctmh, KpyrnMfi, gopogHMfi' Bnag., KypöäTHK 'Manopocnuü HenoBeK, Ton-cTaK' neH3., CapaT., Cum5.; KypöaTeHbKHÖ 'ManeHbKuü u ToncTeHtKufi' neH3. (CPHr 16: 113).
Bonee Toro, BHemHue gaHHMe MoryT nepenneTaTtca c xapaKTepucTuKofi Ka-HecTB xapaKTepa nu^a, cp.:
» no^HMH H HeyK^ro^HH, HeyMe^MH - MapTeMtaHKo flaBMgoB KopoBa (nKOn 1563: 169) u b coBp. pyccKoM a3MKe KopoBa 'o ToncTofi HeyKnm-^eü, a TaK^e HeyMenoü ^eH^uHe' (^py6.) (MAC 2: 106); " no^HMH H ^eHHBMH - *MaMoH (CeMeHHa MaMoHoB; nKBn 1568: 168) u MaMoH nepeH. 'neHmnü, pacnonHeBmufi ot o^upeHua u 5e3genba' Bonor. (CPHr 17: 351);
" nonHMH H HenoBopoTnHBMH, o6^opa - BacroK Kepe^a (nKOn 1563: 243) H Kepe^a '5proxaH, o5®opa; ToncTMH, HenoBopoTnHBMH HenoBeK' MegB., KaHg. (CPrK 2: 340).
nogoÖHaa gH^^y3HocTb 3HaHeHHa Ha5nrogaeTca h npn xapaKTepHcTHKe xy-go^aBoro HenoBeKa. Bo BHyTpeHHeH ^opMe npo3BH^ oTMenaroTca TaK^e bmco-KHH pocT, 5one3HeHHocTb, ^H3HHecKHe HegocTaTKH oTgenbHMx HacTeH Tena. Cp.: ' bmcokhh h xygo^aBMH - OegKa ^paHHua (Mronnep 1948: 1647: 57) b gp.-pyccK. }!3MKe apaHHua 'gnuHHaa (gBa MeTpa h 5onee) cocHoBaa go^eHKa gna KpMmu, nonyHaeMaa pac^enneHueM oTpe3Ka gpeBecHoro cTBona' (CnP^ XI-XVII 4: 350); ro. H. HafiKUHa npegnonaraeT, hto apaHHueö Mornu Ha3BaTb 'BMcoKoro, xygo^aBoro HenoBeKa' (HaHKUHa 1995: 31); *^epaB^b (gep. ^epaBneBo b naxTe: b HeH HBaHKo ^epaB^eB; nKBn 1568: 120) h nepeH. 3HaHeHHe b cmo^. roBopax ^apaB^b, ^ypäB^b - 'xygoH, bmcokhh HenoBeK' (CPHr 9: 228); Poro3HHKa O^oHacbeB (K3nOn 1582/83: 138) H guaneKTHoe nepeH. 3HaHeHHe parösHHa - 'xygoH h gnuHHMH HenoBeK'
Mede. (KCPrK);
' xygoH H 5onbHoH - *3e^eHH (neTpymKa 3e^eHHH; Mronnep 1948: 1690: 319) H nepeH. 3HaHeHHe ae^eHb - 'xygoH, 5one3HeHHMH pe5eHoK' eum. (CPHr 11: 251); ^y^aK ^yKUH (nKOn 1563: 200) h guaneKTHoe ^y^a-KH 'HecnenMe arogM' onoH. eum. (CPHr 17: 192); BepoaTHo, TaK Mornu npo3BaTb 'xygoro, 5one3HeHHoro HenoBeKa'; cnegyeT yHecTb H3BecTHMe b Benc. a3MKe anennaTUBM lukaz 'KocTnaBMH' (3aH^eBa - MynnoHeH 2007: 201); CyxaH He^egbeB (reÖMaH 1941: 1594: 343) h CyxoH (nKOn 1496: 15), B gp.-pyccK. a3MKe cyxoH, cyxMÖ - 'to^hh, cyxoH', 'uccoxmuH ot 5o-ne3HH' (Cpe3HeBcKHH 3: 632), b roBopax cyxoH - 'xygoH, HaxnMH, to^hh, nog^apMH' (flanb 4: 365); h gp.-pyccK. cyxoH, cyxMÖ - 'to^hh, cyxoH', 'uccoxmuH ot 5one3HH' (Cpe3HeBcKHH 3: 632), b roBopax cyxoH - 'xygoH, HaxnMH, to^hH, nog^apMH' 6e3 yKas. Mecma (flanb 4: 365); BacroK Ha^eu (reHMaH 1941: 1538/39: 132) h b roBopax hž^mh - 'xunMH, 5one3HeHHMH, xygoH HenoBeK' Mede., 'tot, kto nnoxo ecT' KOHdon. (CPrK 6: 754); ' xygo^aBMH, uMero^uH pa3HMe ^H3HHecKHe HegocTaTKH pyK h Hor: nayK naHKpaToB (K3nOn 1582/83: 119-120) h guaneKTHoe nayK - 'cnumKoM xygo^aBMH, c KpuBMMU HoraMH H pyKaMH HenoBeK' Mede. (KapT. CPrK). B HapogHoM co3HaHHH H3nHmHe xygo^aBoe Tenocno^eHue 3aKpenHnocb c MHeHueM o 3no5HoM xapaKTepe (HanpuMep, b ^onbKnope Ko^eü EeccMepm-Huü - oguH H3 caMMx 3nMx nepcoHa^eH, npegcTaBnaeTca KocTnaBMM, H3nHmHe xygo^aBMM HenoBeKoM); h Hao5opoT, nonHoTa, KaK cBugeTenbcTBo go5poro, Becenoro HpaBa h, 5onee Toro, BHemHe KpacuBoro, npuBneKaTenbHoro, 3gopo-Boro HenoBeKa (nonHeTb, HanonHaTbca, cTaHoBUTbca nonHee; go5peTb, TyHHeTb, ToncTeTb; flanb). npu ^TOM h Hpe3MepHo nonHMH HenoBeK TaK^e 3acny®Hn ot-pH^aTenbHyro o^eHKy, nonHoTa coeguHanacb c o5®opctbom, HeHacMTHocTbro, ^agHocTbro h, KaK cnegcTBue, gyxoBHoH 5egHocTbro (Mumoh nonHum, a dyma
CKydaemcn; Eprnxo eumpncno, da u coeecmb euHecno; Mucmoma öyxoeHan na-ne menecHoü; Mmo meny nw6o, mo dyme ^py6o. ffanb). KaK BuguM, ^u3uHecKue 0TKn0HeHua ot HopMM 0HeHb HacTo K0HTaMuHupyroTca c 0Tpu^aTenbHMMU M0panbH0-^TUHecKUMU KaHecTBaMu nu^a. A TaKoe KaHecTBo, KaK HeaKKypaT-HocTb, coBMe^aeT b ce5e BHemHroro (HucTonnoTHocTb) u BHyTpeHHroro (pac-T0HUTenbH0cTb, 5ecnyTHocTb, HeyMeHue BecTu xo3aficTBo, neHb) xapaKTepu-cTuKy HenoBeKa.
OgHaKo o HeraTUBHofi o^eHKe HeK0T0pMx BHemHux gaHHMx mo®ho roBo-puTb ycnoBHo. TaK, 5onbmeno5Mfi HenoBeK - ^To e^e u yMHMfi HenoBeK, HenoBeK c 5onbmuMu 3y5aMu - 3gopoBMfi HenoBeK, a cTapMfi HenoBeK - MygpMfi HenoBeK.
B3auM0np0HUKH0BeHue 0^eH0K, HeB03M0®H0cTb ux pacHneHUTb, c nuHr-BucTUHecKofi T0HKU 3peHua cBugeTenbcTByeT o HeK0Topofi ycnoBHocTu b bm-geneHuu Tofi unu uHofi MUKporpynnM, a c oHTonoruHecKofi - xapaKTepu3yeT He^OBeKa KaK He0flH03HaHH0e no cbohm BHyTpeHHHM h BHemHHM ocoöeH-
HOCTHM HB^eHHe.
3.1.4	KaK BuguM, uMeH0BaHufi c «nono^uTenbHofi» BHyTpeHHefi ^opMofi 3HaHu-TenbHo MeHbme. B 0cH0Bax npo3Bu^ npeo5nagaroT cnoBa, K0T0pMe uMeroT HeraTUBHyro, 0Tpu^aTenbHyro o^eHKy. BepoaTHo, ^To cBa3aHo c TeM, hto Tpy-gonro5ue, cMeTnuBocTb, pacToponHocTb, B03gep®aHH0cTb, pagymue, ^u3UHe-cKaa cuna cHUTanucb HopMofi, a n0T0My pe^e Haxogunu 0Tpa®eHue b neKcuKe u anennaTUBHofi, u 0H0MacTUHecK0fi. Bonee Toro, rpynne Ha3BaHufi nu^ c no-no^uTenbHofi o^eHKofi npoTUBonocTaBnaeTca BecoMMfi K0MnneKc rpynn, onu-cMBaro^ux pa3nuHHMe HegocTaTKu bo BHemHocTu u b xapaKTepe HenoBeKa. BMBegeHue mKanM c HefiTpanbHofi o^eHKofi Boo5^e HeB03M0®H0, nocKonbKy HefiTpanbHoe u nono^uTenbHoe npupaBHUBaroTca gpyr k gpyry. no MHeHuro neKcuKonoroB, ^To aBneHue HaxoguT o5tacHeHue b oco5eHHocTax HapogHo-ro xapaKTepa (b oco5om cKnage «nyKaBoro», no A. C. nymKUHy, pyccKoro yMa): Bce nono^uTenbHoe cHUTaeTca HopMofi u He Tpe5yeT oco5mx a3MK0BMx cpegcTB gna BMpa^eHua, oTKnoHeHua ®e ot HopMM o5a3aTenbHo HaxogaT ot-pa^eHue b a3MKe. floöaBUM, 3a ycuneHHMM BHUMaHueM k nroÖMM 0Tpu^aTenb-HMM xapaKTepucTUKaM ckpmto CTpeM^eHHe yBHfleTb o6pa3 Hgea^bHoro bo Bcex nnaHax pyccKoro ne^OBeKa ^^oxu cpegHeBeK0B0fi Pycu. bo3mo®ho, ^To ogHo U3 o5tacHeHufi Toro, hto b 0H0MacTUK0He TaK MHoro o5ugHMx c tohku 3peHua coBpeMeHHoro HocuTena pyccKoro a3MKa npo3Bu^. B HeK0Topofi cTe-neHu, noucK ugeanbHoro HenoBeKa K0HTaMUHupyeTca c TeMu ^eHH0CTaMU, ko-TopMe nponaraHgupoBano xpucTuaHCTBo, guKT0BaBmee, KaKUM gon^eH ÖMTb HenoBeK, KaK oh gon^eH nocTynaTb.
3.1.5	npu3Mofi, Hepe3 K0T0pyro o^eHUBanu BHemHue gaHHMe u KaHecTBa xapaKTepa HenoBeKa, 5Mno omHomeHue k mpydy. ToncTMfi, xygofi, 5onbHofi, uMero^ufi pa3nuHHMe HacnegcTBeHHMe unu npuo5peTeHHMe HegocTaTKu,
cTapMfi, cnumK0M Monogofi, HeonMTHMH u npoH. HenoBeK He Mor ^onHo^eHHo TpyguTbca. ^eHb, rnynocTb, u3numHaa 5onTnuBocTb, ynpaMcTBo, cKaHganb-HocTb u T. g. 0Tpu^aTenbH0 cKa3MBanucb He TonbKo Ha Me®nuHHocTHMx otho-meHuax, ho u Memanu c0BMecTH0My Tpygy. B cpegHeBeK0B0M o5^ecTBe, rge 5onbmaa HacTb pa5oTM BMnonHanacb KonneKTuBHo, rge BKnag Ka^goro u ero cnoco5HocTb BMnonHaTb onpegeneHHyro pa5oTy uMen oco5yro ^eHH0CTb, TaKue 0TKn0HeHua 5^inu oco5eHHo 3aMeTHM u n0T0My Haxogunu 0Tpa®eHue b a3MKe. A aHTp0^0HUMU3a^ua ^TUx neKceM - ^T0 He TonbKo xapaKTepucTuKa uMeHyeMo-ro (u H0MUHaT0pa), ^T0 cBoero poga npo^unaKTUHecKaa Mepa, HanpaBneHHaa Ha HenoBeKa nuHHo u Bce o5^ecTBo b ^enoM. TaKUM 05pa30M, KO^^eKTHBHaa Tpy-goBa« geHTe^bHOCTb - ocHOBHa« ^eHHOCTHaH KOopgHHaTa, tot cTep^eHb, Ha K0T0p0M gep^anacb uepapxua ^eHH0CTefi.
3.1.6 Henb3a 3a5MBaTb, hto k uccnegoBaHuro npuBneHeHM peruoHanbHMe npo3Bu^a, u n0T0My BMaBneHHMe ^eHH0CTHMe opueHTupM no gaHHMM ucTopuHecKofi aH-TponoHUMuu MoryT u He 5MTb o5^epyccKUMu yHUBepcanuaMu. Ochobm uccne-gyeMMx uMeH co5cTBeHHMx MoryT 0Tpa®aTb peruoHanbHMfi o5pa3 ®u3hu, koto-pMfi xapaKTepu30Banca He TunuHHMMu gna Bcex pyccKux oco5eHHocTaMu ®U3-HegeaTenbHocTu, a c^opMupoBaBmuMuca cBoficTBaMu noBegeHua, o5^eHua, MMmneHua u npoHUMu ycToaBmuMuca ^opMaMu 5MTua HenoBeKa Ha onpegeneH-Hofi TeppuTopuu B onpegeneHHoe ucTopuHecKoe BpeMa. K co^aneHuro, ycTaHo-BUTb HacKonbKo BMgeneHHMe HaMu pa3nuHHMe BHemHue u BHyTpeHHue KaHecTBa 5^inu xapaKTepHM gna pyccKoro a3MK0Boro co3HaHua go K0H^a o5teKTUBHo He-B03M0®H0. ^To o5ycnoBneHo o5^um pa3BUTueM 0H0MacTUHecK0fi neKcuKorpa-^uu: 0TcyTcTBueM unu HegocTynHocTbro peruoHanbHMx 0H0MacTUK0H0B pa3-nuHHMx nepuogoB.
OgHaKo HeK0T0pMe npegBapuTenbHMe BMBogM no uMero^ueca b pacnopa-^eHuu aBTopa cTaTbu MaTepuanaM mo®ho cgenaTb. TaK, b goKyMeHTax Kape-nuu npo3Bu^a, 05pa30BaHHMe ot anennaTUB0B co 3HaHeHueM '^baHU^a', egu-HUHHM (Bpara, 3a^HBeHb, Kanado, XMe^b, Hpura u, bo3mo®ho, By^ura, Bpa^HHK, rop^o, Konyp, Hpura), a b BonorogcKux goKyMeHTax ^To gocTa-T0HH0 o5teMHaa rpynna uMeH0BaHufi (KoMneBa 2004).
HeBenuKo KonuHecTBo Ha3BaHufi nu^ no npo^eccuu2 (npuMepHo 4-5 %), HT0 cBa3aH0 c npeo5nagaHueM b Kapenuu cenbcKoro HaceneHua. ^yMaeTca, hto Ha3BaHua nu^ no npo^eccuu, pogy geaTenbHocTu aHTponoHUMU3upyroTca b oho-MacTUHecKofi cucTeMe b tom cnyHae, ecnu geaTenbHocTb HenoBeKa no KaKUM-To npuHUHaM BMgenaeTca b co^uyMe, HanpuMep, HenoBeK - eguHcTBeHHMfi, kto bm-nonHaeT onpegeneHHMfi Bug pa5oTM b cenbcKofi no npeuMy^ecTBy MecTHocTu
2 HasBaHHa nH^ no npo^eccHH b gaHHofi cTaTbe He paccMaxpHBaroTca, nocKonbKy ohh He BxogaT B 3KcnpeccHBHMH pag, ho b gaHH0M cnyHae ohh aBnaroTca apKHM nogTBep^geHHeM HHoro BugeHua Mupa, uHoro HneHeHua geHoTaTUBHoro npocxpaHcTBa.
(BonapHHK, BegepHHK, ^paHHHHHK, ^eMHy^HHK, 3aM0HHHK, Ka^aHHHK, MeflBeflHHK, Okohhhhhhk, nnpo^HHK, PeMeHHHK, CepeöpeHHK, Tpyöan, Uano^bHHK, ^aHHHK u gp. - Bcero 120 aHTpononeKceM). B ToproBMx ropo-gax ^eHTpa Pycu, a TaK:e b Bonorge, ApxaHrenbcKe gocTaTo^Ho MHoro aHTpo-noHuMoB, Bocxoga^ux k Ha3BaHuaM nu^a no npo^eccuu, pogy geaTenbHocTu (nonoBa 2002; HBaHoBa 2006).
KpoMe Toro, gna BMaBneHua ^OTeH^uanbHMx Bo3Mo:HocTefi aHTpono-humuu Kapenuu XV-XVII bb. b ^uKca^uu ^eHHocTHMx opueHTupoB Heo5-xoguMo yquTMBaTb B3auMoBnuaHue pa3Hoa3MHHMx HapogoB, Haxoga^uxca u3gpeBne b TecHMx KoHTaKTax, hto aKTyanbHo gna noHuMaHua ^THO^cuxo-norunecKux, ^THOKynbTypHMx cucTeM, ucTopuu Hapoga Ha gaHHofi TeppuTopuu.
Ha Ham B3rnag, 3HaHuTenbHMfi o5teM TaKofi rpynnM, KaK 'rnynMfi HenoBeK' aBnaeTca o5^epyccKofi, a Mo:eT 5MTb, u o5^ecnaBaHcKofi yHuBepcanuefi. A bot HanonHaeMocTb TaKux rpynn KaK 'nonHMfi HenoBeK', unu BHuMaHue k cBeTnofi Ko:e, BonocaM, rna3aM, ^TO oco5oe oTpa:eHue cBa3u pyccKux u npu-5anTo-^uHHoB. B aHTponoHuMuu Kapenuu gocTaTOHHo MHoro uMeHOBaHufi c KopHeBMM ^opMaHTOM Be^- (Be^OH, Be^HH u nog.). HMeHOBaHue Be^or^a-3OH, HecMOTpa Ha cnaBaHcKyro ocHOBy, Morno ÖMTb gaHo c HeKOTopofi gonefi runoTeTuHHocTu HecnaBaHuHy, cp. c BMpa:eHueM «nyöb 6eno^na3aH» unu aH-TpononoruHecKuMu onucaHuaMu Kapen, BencoB, ^uhhob.
HecnyHafiHo oco5oe BHuMaHue k gpyroMy ^THOcy noBnuano Ha o5teM u KonuHecTBo MuKporpynn, b KOTopMx npoaBnaroTca HenoBeK roBopa^ufi, oco-5eHHocTu ^po^ecca roBopeHua: '5onTnuBMfi HenoBeK', 'cBapnuBMfi HenoBeK', 'Ha3ofinuBMfi HenoBeK', 'KpuKnuBMfi HenoBeK', 'cKaHganucT, cnop^uK'. H3-BecTHo, HTO pyccKuMu npu5anTo-^uHHM ^03u^u0HupyroTca KaK Manopa3ro-BopHuBMe, Heo5^uTenbHMe, u Hao5opoT, pyccKue KaK KOMMyHuKa5enbHMe nuHHocTu, HTO o5tacHaeTca ^KCTpanuH^BuCTUHecKUMu npuHuHaMu: pyccKue npuHecnu Ha ceBep rHe3goBofi cnoco5 noceneHua b npoTuBonono:HocTb xy-TopHOMy, yeguHeHHOMy y Kapen, ^uhhob, KOHeBOMy y caaMOB.
npucTanbHoe BHuMaHue k oTnuHuTenbHMM npu3HaKaM BHemHocTu u no-BegeHua HenoBeKa Ha TeppuTopuu Kapenuu cBa3aHo c oco5mm oTpa:eHueM apxeTunuHecKoro npoTuBonocTaBneHua «Hy:ofi ~ cBofi». B cucTeMe npo3Bu^ Ha5nrogaeTca cKpMToe cpaBHeHue, Korga oco5o BMHneHaroTca «cbou» u «Hy-:ue» gocTouHcTBa u HegocTaTKu, KOTopMe cTaHOBaTca 5onee 3aMeTHMMu npu conpuKocHOBeHuu c uHofi Mogenbro noBegeHua, o5pa3OM :u3hu, cucTeMofi ^eHH0CTefi (gna pyccKux - ^T0 npu5anTuficKo-^uHcKaa, caaMcKaa u Hao5o-poT). Ba:Ho u to, hto npu cpaBHeHuu pyccKue Bugenu He TonbKo cbou nono-:uTenbHMe KaHecTBa u Hy:oe HecoBepmeHcTBo, a KaK pa3 Hao5opoT: cbou u3t-aHM u Hy:ue gocTouHcTBa. B gaHHOM cnyHae Hepe3 aHanu3 ochob uMeHOBaHufi BuguTca yBa:eHue, noHuMaHue, npuHaTue MupoBO33peHua u KynbTypM gpyrux
^TH0C0B.
3.1.7 HTaK, npo3Bu^e, 3a^uKcupoBaHHoe b peruoHanbHMx naMaTHuKax goHa^uo-HanbHoro nepuoga, aBnaeTca ^eHTpanbHOH eguHu^eH, KoTopaa cogep^uT kom-nneKc 3HaHuH o gyxoBHMx ^eHHocTax o5^ecTBa cpegHeBeKOBOH Pycu. AHanu3 MHoroHucneHHMx 0^eH0K - pa3Hoo5pa3HMx xapaKTepucTuK HenoBeKa, noKa3an, HTo pyccKufi HenoBeK 5^in npegenbHo Tpe5oBaTeneH k ce5e, ^0^T0My numb He-3HaHuTenbHoe KonuHecTBo uMeHOBaHufi BocxoguT k anennaTuBaM c nono^u-TenbHOH K0HH0Ta^ueH, B o^eHKax BHemHero u BHyTpeHHero cocToaHua npaKTu-HecKu HeB03M0®H0 yBugeTb TOHKy oTcHeTa, hto cBa3aHo c uM^nu^uTHMM cTpeM-neHueM k ugeany u oco5mm oTHomeHueM k KonneKTuBHOMy Tpygy. PeruoHanb-HMH aHTponoHuMuKOH Hepe3 npo3Bu^e oco5mm 05pa30M oTpa^aeT uHoe Buge-Hue geHOTaTuBHoro npocTpaHcTBa u guanor KynbTyp.
3.2 He MeHee uHTepecHMM npegcTaBnaeTca aHanu3 HeKaneHgapHMx nuHHMx umöh c tohku 3peHua onpegeneHua ^eHH0CTHMx opueHTupoB. Kapenua b cuny yga-neHHocTu OT ^eHTpa coxpaHuna ux b gocTaTOHHOM KonuHecTBe nnoTb go koh-^a XVII BeKa. B uccnegyeMMx naMaTHuKax nucbMeHHoCTu 5onee 2700 HenoBeK (11,5%) aBnanucb HocuTenaMu TaKux umöh. Bonee Toro, TaKue uMeHa Hocunu He TonbKo KpecTbaHe, ho u ^epK0BHMe cny^a^ue pa3Horo cTaTyca, cp.: Ba^eHKo OegopoB, gbHHoK, 1657; Btopoh no3geeB, flbHK, 1602; ^oKynaflKo rpuropbeB CMH HryMHOB, flbHHoK, 1650; ^py^HHa npoTononoB, flbHK, 1660; ^py^HHKa repacuMOB, romT03epcKuH flbanoK, 1659; ^gaH npoKonbeB, non, 1690 u t. g. (Mronnep 1948: 127, 15, 163, 136, 343). CnegoBaTenbHo, «a3MHecKuH KOHcep-
BaTu3M», CBa3aHHMH C ^yHK^U0HUp0BaHUeM uCKOHHO pyCCKux uMeH, Ha nepu-^epuu gnunca 3HaHuTenbH0 gonbme, a cMeHa penuru03H0H ^opMM ocBoeHua HenoBeKOM Mupa Hepe3 uMa no pa3HMM peruoHaM Pycu npoxoguna c HeoguHa-KOBOH cTeneHbro uHTeHcuBHoCTu. HMeroTca ucTopuHecKue cBugeTenbCTBa Toro, HTO B XIII-XIV BB. He Bce ^uTenu Kapenuu ÖMnu xpucTuaHaMu (fflacKonbCKufi 1978: 16),3 «ceBep Kapenuu, BenoMopbe, rge noceneHua Hocunu BpeMeHHMH npoMMcnoBMH xapaKTep, xpucTuaHU3a^ueH He 3aTparuBanca» (nynbKuH u gp. 1999: 25), a b npunago^be (paHOHy Hau5onee 5nu3KOMy HoBropogHUHe) «xpu-CTuaHU3a^ua npoBogunacb b goBonbHo MarKux ^opMax» (nynbKUH u gp. 1999: 25), u noTOMy HaxogaT gocTaTOHHo MHoro cBugeTenbCTB coxpaHeHua a3MHecKux 0C05eHH0CTeH BepoBaHUH, HanpuMep, y ucTopuKa H. n. naBnoBa-CunbBaHCKoro OTMeHeHo, HTO B XV B. nneMeHa b BogcKOH naTUHe noKnoHanucb gepeBbaM u KaMHaM u npuHocunu um ^epTBM (1924).
HeKaneHgapHMe nuHHMe uMeHa oTnuHaeT ux oco5mh oHOMacTUHecKUH cTa-Tyc: c ogHOH cTopoHM OHU 5nu3Ku KaneHgapHMM nuHHMM uMeHaM, c gpyroH cto-poHM u3-3a 5nu3OCTu K anennaTUBHOH ocHOBe ohu c5nu®aroTca c npo3Bu^aMu.
«EcTb oÖMHaH y KoponeH pyccKHx, noKopHB KaK0H-nH50 Hapog, 3a5oTHTbca He o5 o5pa^eHHH ero B xpHCTHaHCKyro Bepy, a o c5ope gaHH u geHer» (nHBOHCKHH xpoHHCT?, 1220-e rr.) (macKonbCKHH 1978: 16).
BepoaTHo, uMeHHo ^0^T0My ux pont uHorga nepeocMMcnuBaeTca, u b goKyMeH-Tax BcTpeHaroTca eguHuHHMe 3anucu Hanogo5ue «ßacwK Bacunbee, npojeu^e MöaHKo» (flK^n 1597: 224).^
flna onpegeneHua ^eHHocTHMx opueHTupoB o5paTuMca k cTaTucTuHe-ckum noKa3aTenaM u aHanu3y BHyTpeHHefi ^opMM gaHHofi aHTponoHuMuHecKofi eguHu^M.
3.2.1 HeKaneHgapHMfi nuHHMfi uMeHHuK - 3aKpMTMfi cnucoK umöh, KoTopMe Mornu gaTt pe5eHKy npu po^geHuu. no gaHHMM naMaTHuKoB nuctMeHHocTu Kapenuu, K hum mo^ho oTHecTu HyTt 5onee 200 umöh. Hau5onee HacToTHMMu uMeHaMu aBnanuct TaKue, KaK HenaH (HeHae^, HeHafiKo) - 158, TpeTbaK (TpeTtaHKo, TpeHKa) - 137, HcToMa (HcToMKa) - 71, nepBoH (nepByma, nepBymKa, nepBM-ma, nepBMmKa) - 70, noageH (no3gefiKo, no3gHaK, no3gHaHKo) - 64, MeHbmoH (MeHmaK, MeHmuK, MeHmuHKo) - 64, ^gaH (^gaHKo, ^gaHe^) - 41, YmaK (ymaHKo) - 41, BemHaK (BemHaHKo) - 39, Tomh^ (ToMuno, ToMunKo) - 24, Ma^oH (ManKo, Manra, ManefiKo, ManroK, ManroTKo) - 22, HeB3op (HeB3op-ko) - 21, CygoK (CygoHKo) - 19, Pyg (PygaK, PygaHKo, PygHofi) - 18, fflecToö (fflecTaK) - 18. ^T0 agpo HeKaneHgapHoro nuHHoro uMeHHuKa, c He5ontmuMu Bapua^uaMU ^TU uMeHa aBnaroTca HacToTHMMu b naMaTHuKax nuctMeHHocTu gpyrux peruoHoB cpegHeBeKoBofi Pycu. B goKyMeHTax Kapenuu ohu o5cny®u-BaroT TpeTt HocuTenefi TaKux umöh. CnegoBaTentHo, HecMoTpa Ha gnuTentHoe, pacTaHyBmeeca Ha HecKontKo BeKoB conpoTuBneHue KaneHgapHoMy uMeHHuKy, HeKaneHgapHMe nuHHMe uMeHa 5^inu o5peHeHM pa3BuTofi ogHouMeHHocTtro: uMa co5cTBeHHoe nepecTaBano b TaKofi cuTya^uu BMnonHaTt npegHa3HaHeHHyro eMy ^yHK^uro - ^yHK^uro UHguBugyanu3a^uu u ugeHTU^UKa^uu nu^a.
B ceMaHTUHecKoM nnaHe HeKaneHgapHMe nuHHMe uMeHa TaK^e He oTnuHa-roTca ot oHoMacTUKoHoB gpyrux peruoHoB Pycu. ^T0 oHoMacTUHecKue yHUBep-canuu, KoTopMe oTpa^anu (1) nopagoK po^geHua, (2) BpeMa po^geHna, (3) ot-HomeHue poguTenefi k ^aKTy noaBneHua pe5eHKa, (4-5) BHemHue oco5eHHocTu u KaHecTBa xapaKTepa pe5eHKa, KoTopMe apKo npoaBnanuct c po^geHua, (6) «hu-cTMe» oxpaHHMe u no^enaTentHMe uMeHa. npu ^T0M caMMfi pa3Hoo5pa3HMfi pe-nepTyap uMeH b rpynne, oTpa^aro^efi BHemHocTt H0Bopo®geHHoro (ux oKono 50), ogHaKo caMMMu HacToTHMMu aBnanuct uMeHa, yKa3MBaro^ue Ha oTHomeHue poguTenefi k ^aKTy noaBneHua pe5eHKa b ceMte (344 HocuTena: Ba^eH / Ba-^eHKo, Ba^eHa, ^gaH / ^gaHKo, ^gaHe^, He^gaH / He^gaHKo, HenaH / HeHae^, HenaHKo, ^wöhmko) u Ha nopagoK po^geHua (311 HocuTenefi: nepBoH / nepByma, nepBymKa, nepBMma, nepBMmKa; BTopoH; TpeTHH / TpeTtaK, TpeTtaHKo, TpeHKa; HeTBepTaK; naToH / naTyma, naTymKa, naTKo, naTyHa, naTyH, naTyxa; fflecToH; CeMoH; Ocbmoh / OctMymKa; ^eBaToH / fleBaTKo).
4 Bonpoc o pasppaHMHCHMM HCKancHgapH^ix nMHH^ix mmöh m nposBM^ cm. KropmyH0Ba 2012: 103-108.
CnegoBaTenbHo, HeKaneHgapHMH HMeHHHK b oTnuHue ot npo3BH^Horo He-ceT HH^opMa^Hro o ceMeÖHMx ^eHH0CTHx, Bupa^eHHux Hepe3 HapeHeHue peöcHKa.
Mothb HMeHoBaHua y HeKaneHgapHoro nuHHoro HMeHH, KaK h y npo3BH^, oTnuHaeTca gH^^y3HocTbro: noMHMo «ocHoBHoro» MoTUBa HMeHoBaHua, o5o-3HaHeHHoro b ceMaHTHKe ochobm aHTponoHUMa, mo^ho HafiTH cKpMTMe, gpeB-Hue npuHHHM noaBneHua h pacnpocTpaHeHua TaKHx hmöh, - ^To no^enaTenb-HMH H oxpaHHMH mothbm. Bepo^THo, HecnyHaHHo TaKoö mothb HMeHoBaHua, KaK nopagoK po^geHua ÖMn oco5o nonynapHMM, a b HeKoTopMx ceMbax mothb nepexogun ot ogHoro noKoneHua k gpyroMy, cp. c npuMepaMu ceMeÖHMx cou-MeHoBaHUH: nepBoö ga Heyn TpexbHKoBM geTu 3MHUHa cMHa CaBUHa (nK-Bn 1568: 117); TpexbHK ^eoHTbeB cmh mecxoro (Mronnep 1948: 1639: 37); fflecxaHKo TpexbHKoB (K3nOn 1582/83: 149) u npoH. B TaKoH no^enaTenb-hoh ycTaHoBKe mo^ho yBugeTb nparMaTU3M Hamux npegKoB: MHoroHUcneHHaa ceMba, cocToa^aa no npeuMy^ecTBy U3 nu^ My^cKoro nona, Morna BMnonHUTb 5önbmuH o5teM pa5oTM u o5ecneHUTb ce5a BceM Heo5xoguMMM, a ^To b cbom oHepegb 3anor gocTaTKa u ycnexa b o5^ecTBe.5
HeKaneHgapHMe nuHHMe UMeHa b npoTUBonono^HocTb npo3BU^aM oTnuHa-eT ucnonb3oBaHue pa3Hoo5pa3HMx Mogu^uKaToB (cp.: ot nHxoö - naTKo, na-TyHa, naTyHKa, naTyma, naTymKa). Oco5oe oTHomeHue k pe5eHKy nepegaHo Hepe3 pa3nuHHMe ^opMaHTM, Hau5onee BocTpe5oBaHHMM aBnaeTca ^opMaHT -k-, a TaK^e -amK-, -ymK-, -MmK-, -mK- (cp.: Be^amKa, rHeBamKo, rpuöamKo, ry-gamKo, ,^0MamKa, .^oBymKa, ^onymKa, Ma^umKo, MoKpymKa, OcbMymKa, nagpymKa, nepBymKa, nepBymKa, nHxymKa), KoTopMe aBnaroTca caMMMu npogyKTUBHMMu u B coBpeMeHHoH ceBepHopyccKoH guaneKTHoH cucTeMe uMeHo-BaHua. npegcTaBnaeTca, hto ^opMaHTM, c noMo^bro KoTopMx o5pa3oBMBanucb Mogu^UKaTM HeKaneHgapHMx nuHHMx umöh, UMenu nono^UTenbHyro ceMaHTUKy.
B naMaTHUKax nucbMeHHocTu oTMeHeHo, npe^ge Bcero, B3pocnoe Hacene-Hue Kpaa, aBnaBmeeca HocuTenaMU Mogu^u^upoBaHHMx ^opM HeKaneHgapHMx nuHHMx uMeH. npegnonaraeM, hto HeKoTopMe Mogu^u^upoBaHHMe ^opMM Mornu BocnpuHUMaTbca u ^yHK^uoHupoBaTb KaK oTgenbHoe, caMocToaTenbHoe UMa, nocKonbKy BapuaHTHocTb umöh, cBa3aHHaa c HOMUHa^ueH ogHoro u Toro ®e HenoBeKa, aBnaeTca eguHUHHoö, cp.: ^oMamHeö ^kumob (Mronnep 1948: 1639: 38) u oh ®e - ^oMamKa ^kumob (Mronnep 1948: 1639: 41); no3gHHbKo MegBegeB (nKBn 1568: 130) u oh ®e - no3gHK BacunbeB cmh MegBegeB (nK-Bn 1568: 130); HroguH HBaHoB (reÖMaH 1941: 1578: 256) u oh ®e - HrogHHe^ HBaHoB cmh (reHMaH 1941: 1578: 256).
CoHMeHoBaHHe otmchcho He TonbKo b oTHomeHHH k ceMbe, ho h k 5onee mupoKoMy coo5-^eoTBy - gepeBHa, noHUHoK, ceno u nog., cp.: Hoh. b HuraHU Ha rope Hago mxom: b hch OegKo MaKcuMoB Bo^K, B HeH KyscMKa EopaHoB, nor. Merpe^cKuH, (HKOn 1563: 220), flep. Ha CBaTe osepKc: b hch rpugKa MepHHoB BHyK, cyceg ero ^epeöe^, nor. HuKonbcKuH roTcnaB BonoK, nKOn 1496: 21.
Hcnonb3OBaHue Mogu^u^upoBaHHMx ^opM - ^To TaK^e cBoeo5pa3Hoe ot-pa^eHHe oTHomeHua poguTenefi (= HOMuHaTopoB) k pe5eHKy b ceMbe, ceMeö-hoh HepapxHH, KOTopaa BnocnegcTBuu 5Mna nepeHeceHa b co^Ha^bHyro c^e-py, 5onbmyro, HeM ceMba, - t. e. o5^ecTBo cp. ucnonb3OBaHue ^opMaHTOB npu caMouMeHOBaHuu nogHuHeHHoro HenoBeKa npu o5pa^eHuu k nu^y cToa^eMy Ha uepapxuHecKofi necTHu^e BMme.6
3.2.2 npaKTuHecKu Bce HeKaneHgapHMe nuHHMe uMeHa uMeroT o5^epyccKyro unu o5^ecnaBaHcKyro ocHOBy. HanpuMep, uMeHa c KopHaMu Ba^-, ^pyr-, ^roö-, Mup- u nog. u3BecTHM yKpauHcKOMy, 5enopyccKOMy, cep5oxopBaTcKOMy, nonb-cKOMy, 5onrapcKOMy OHOMacTuKOHaM. BKnroHeHue b ceMefiHMfi OHOMacTuKOH uMeH c noHaTHofi, «pogHofi» BHyTpeHHefi ^opMofi - ^To noHaTHMfi u ecTecTBeH-HMfi ^po^ec. OgHaKo uMeroTca pegKue ucKnroHeHua.
(1)	B OHOMacTuKOHe Kapenuu k HeKaneHgapHMM nuHHMM uMeHaM Hecna-BaHcKoro npoucxo^geHua mo^ho OTHecTu TaKue aHTponoHuMM, Bxo^geHue Ko-TopMx B cucTeMy umöh HaHanocb e^e Ha anennaTuBHOM ypoBHe u o5tacHaeTca B3auMogeficTBueM KOHTaKTupyro^ux ^THocoB Ha onpegeneHHofi TeppuTopuu. TaK, npegnonaraeM, hto b rpynny HeKaneHgapHMx nuHHMx umöh c oxpaHHofi MOTUBa^uefi Bxogun aHTponoHuM *^eMÖoH (cp. OunKa ga nepxa ^eMÖoeBM; nKOn 1563: 141), uMero^ufi npu5anTuficKo-^uHcKyro ocHOBy, cp. c coöcm. Ka-pen. lembo, nuee. lemboi, eenc. ^emboi, caaM. lembuj, ^uh. lembo '3nofi gyx, HepT' (COC: 308). OgHaKo HocuTb TaKoe uMa Mor He TonbKo Kapen, Benc, ^uhh, caaM, HO u cnaBaHUH, nocKonbKy Hapu^aTenbHoe ^CMÖa uMeeT mupoKyro reo-rpa^uro pacnpocTpaHeHua b ceBepHopyccKux roBopax: 'Mu^onoruHecKoe cy^e-cTBO, :®uBy^ee b necy, nemufi' - KaHÖ., nyd., Bum., KoHÖon., ^cmöoh 'Mu^ono-ruHecKufi nepcoHa:, HeHucTaa cuna' Mede. (CPrK 3: 110), anennaTUB OTMeHeH B pyccKofi guaneKTHofi uguoMaTUKe - Tuxe., nyd., npuoH., nodn., Tep., EenoM. (CPrK 3: 110), HTO cBugeTenbcTByeT o paHHeM 3auMcTBOBaHuu cnoBa U3 npu-5anTuficKO-^uHcKux a3MKOB B neKcuKO-ceMaHTUHecKyro cucTeMy pyccKux gua-neKTOB. CeMaHTUKa anennaTUBa u apean ÖMTOBaHua no3BonHnu npegnono:uTb, HTO B gaHHOM cnyHae mm uMeeM geno He c npo3Bu^eM, a c nuHHMM uMeHeM. ÄHanoruHHMe «cbou» aHTponoHUMM *^Hxapb, XoaaHH, mumKo, mnmy^a, mnme^ u nog. OTMeHeHM b goKyMeHTax Kapenuu, BocxogaT k anennaTUBaM co 3HaHeHueM 'HeHucTaa cuna', rge npegnonaraeTca oxpaHHMfi motub uMeHOBaHua.
(2)	Ha 5onee mupoKofi TeppuTopuu (gna nepuoga XIV-XVII bb. u, mo-:eT ÖMTb, paHbme) k HeKaneHgapHMM nuHHMM uMeHaM mo:ho c HeKOTopofi gonefi runoTeTUHHocTu oTHecTu uMeHa c TropKcKo-TaTapcKofi ocHOBofi. B OHOMacTUKOHe Kapenuu OHU eguHUHHM: BeKeT TepexoB (K3nOn 1582/83: 222); KaaapHHKo neTpoB (nKOn 1563: 129-130); Tam^MHKo CeMeHOB (nKOn 1563: 228); rpugKa naBnoB ga 5paT ero Hyöap (nKOn 1563: 225);
6 CM., HanpHMcp, o5 3TOM BonKOB 1974: 138-141.
HBaHKo HyMÖyp (nKOn 1563: 151); MypaTKO HBaHoB (nKBn 1568: 77) H nog. (Bcero 60 cnyHaeB). 3a TaKUM nogpa3yMeBaeTca oxpaHHMH mothb co cBoeo5pa3HMM npenoMneHueM npoTUBonocTaBneHua «cboH ~ Hy^oH». Ta-Koe cy^geHue, npe^ge Bcero, gonycTUMo gna peruoHoB, rge He ÖMno Tec-Horo KoHTaKTupoBaHua c TaTapcKHMH nneMeHaMH (Kapenua, ApxaHrenbcK, 3anagHMe peruoHM Pycu).
3.2.3 TaKHM o5pa3oM, HeKaneHgapHMe nuHHMe uMeHa b cBoeH ocHoBe aBnaroTca o5-^epyccKHMH (mupe oö^ecnaBaHcKUMu) yHUBepcanuaMU h TaK^e, KaK npo3BH-^a, HecyT oco5yro HH^opMa^Hro o ^eHHocTHMx opueHTupax. floMUHaHToH aBnaroTca ceMba H pe5eHoK. Hepe3 uMeHoBaHue BMpa^eHo oco5oe oTHomeHue k pe-5eHKy, napannenbHo BMcTpauBaeTa uepapxua: noHUTaHue cTapmero, KoTopoe b o5^ecTBe nepepo^gaeTca b yManeHue ponu 3aBHcHMoro HneHa ^To^o o5^ecTBa. KpoMe Toro, 3a HeKaneHgapHMM uMeHeM cKpMT rnyöuHHMH nogTeKcT, o5ycnoB-neHHMH BepoBaHuaMH cpegHeBeKoBoro HenoBeKa, nonyHUBmuMu npeo5pa3oBa-Hua B peruoHanbHoM oHoMacTUKoHe XV-XVII bb.
3.3 KaneHgapHMe uMeHa TaK^e HecyT HH^opMa^Hro o ^eHHocTHMx opueHTupax HenoBeKa cpegHeBeKoBoH Pycu. OgHaKo HH^opMa^Ha ^Ta npegenbHo pegy^HpoBa-Ha H BMHneHHTb ee mo^ho TonbKo Hepe3 HHTep^peTa^Hro cocTaBa uMeHHUKa h ero KonuHecTBeHHMx noKa3aTeneH.
OTMeTHM, hto Ha TeppuTopuH KapenuH XV-XVII bb., no gaHHMM naMaTHU-kob nucbMeHHocTH, y®e 88,5 % HaceneHua ^yHK^HOHHpyeT nog KaneHgapHMM nuHHMM HMeHeM. CnegoBaTenbHo, npoH3omno H3MeHeHHe KynbTypHoro co3Ha-Hua, cBa3aHHoe c npuHaTueM xpucTuaHcKoH BepM. OgHaKo h b gaHHoM cnyHae cnegyeT yHUTMBaTb peruoHanbHMH ^aKTop. TaK, b uccnegyeMoe BpeMa h3 npeg-no^eHHoro xpucTuaHcKoH ^epKOBbro oHoMacTUKoHa BMHneHeHM h aganTupoBa-HM HyTb 5onee 300 uMeH (BKnroHaa 41 ^eHcKoe uMa), hto 5onee HeM Ha 130 c numHHM egHHH^ ycTynaeT nogoÖHMM noKa3aTenaM no gpyruM peruoHaM Pycu h no3®e PoccuH, ycTaHoBneHHMM oHoMacTaMu B. fl. BoHganeToBMM (1983: 110), T. A. 3aKa3HHKoBoH (1979: 16-17), C. H. CMonbHUKoBMM (1996: 6-7) h gp. -Sgpo KaneHgapHoro oHoMacTUKoHa cocTaBnaroT uMeHa HBaH, Oegop, BacH^HÖ, rpHropHH, CeMeH, HKOB, AHgpeH, Mnxan^, CTenaH, HuKHTa, neTp, TH-MO^eö, MaTBeö, naBe^, KysbMa, MaKCHM, raBpHH^, HrHaTHH, A^eKceö, KnpH^^, A^aHacHH, CaBBa, ^mhtphh, ^eB, ®OMa (gaHM b nopagKe yÖM-BaHua B peruoHanbHoM oHoMacTUKoHe). KaK h b cnyHae c HeKaneHgapHMMU nuHHMMH HMeHaMH, Ha5nrogaeM bmcokhH Ko^^^H^HeHT noBTopaeMocTu. no-nyHaeTca, hto KaneHgapHaa aHTponoHUMUHecKaa cucTeMa, UMeBmaa b cboöm penepTyape Ha gaHHMH MoMeHT 5onee 2000 nuHHMx hmöh, TaK^e coKpaTuna KonuHecTBo ^neMeHTOB - KaneHgapHMx hmöh, Hcnonb3yeMMx gna HapeHeHua, H 5onbmaa HacTb npegno^eHHMx ^epKOBbro UMeH ocTaBanacb b naccuBe. KaK pe3ynbTaT, pa3BHTHe Te3OHMeHHocTH BHyTpu ceMbu, cp. c 3anHcaMH: «ffep. Ha
CyMe ^e peKe: e Heü non raepuno da e^o demu HKym da TuMomKa da BacKo da HuymKO ^» (nKOn 1563: 160) unu «ffepeeHH y nacoeHu Ha3apbeecKaH: b Heü CeHKa CemeHoe, b Heü 0edKa 0edopoe» (1582; K3nOn: 73) u t. g. (5onee 200 nogoÖHMx cnyHaeB).
CnegoBaTenbHo, gna pa3rpaHUHeHua b KonneKTUBe nu^ c 0guHaK0BMMu uMe-HaMu Heo5xoguMM 5^inu gononHUTenbHMe cnocoÖM: (1) ucnonb30BaHue npo-3BU^; (2) ucnonb30BaHue ^0pMaHT0B gna co3gaHua Mogu^u^upoBaHHMx ^opM c KaneHgapHMM uMeHeM b 0CH0Be; (3) pa3BUTue cTpyKTypM uMeH0BaHua b ^enoM.
nepBMe gBa cnoco5a y^e paccM0TpeHM b cTaTbe, u mo®ho TonbKo go-5aBUTb, HT0 Te30UMeHH0CTb aBunacb Tofi npuHUHofi, no K0Topofi npo3Bu^a u HeKaneHgapHMe nuHHMe uMeHa (nocnegHue, 5e3ycnoBHo, c u3MeHeHueM ^yHK-^uoHanbHofi Harpy3Ku) npogon^anu aKTUBHo cy^ecTB0BaTb b Heo^u^uanbHofi c^epe cpegHeBeK0B0fi Pycu u no3®e. Hcnonb30BaTbca u y^e onucaHHMe npuH-^u^M u M0TUBM H0MUHa^uu HenoBeKa - ot po^geHua go noaBneHua KaKux-nu-5o 0TnuHUTenbHMx oco5eHHocTefi bo B3pocnofi ®u3hu, cp.: CTenaHKo KonoKon KynHUHa 3 geTMu c WBaHKOM ga c HBamKOM c MeHbmHM (nKBn 1568); Ha KyHo ® 03epe b BonocTKe b AHHueBe HaBonoKe: b Hefi HBaHKo Bo^bmoö ga HBaHKo MeHbmoH (^K^n 1597) u t. g. ^T0 5^in gnuTenbHMfi ^po^ecc, hto u o5tacHaeT HanuHue b 0CH0Bax coBpeMeHHMx pyccKux ^aMunufi 5onbmoro huc-na xapaKTepu3yro^efi anennaTUBHofi neKcuKu.
Te30UMeHH0CTb aBunacb npuHUHofi, no K0Topofi KaneHgapHoe uMa aKTUB-Ho Mogu^u^upoBanocb, cp. ot uMeHu ApTeMHH b goKyMeHTax Kapenuu npeg-cTaBneHM OpTeMufi, OpTeMefiKo, OpTeM, OpTeMKa/-o, OpTroK, OpTrox, OpTroma, OpTromKa, ApTyfiKo. HeM 5onee BocTpe5oBaHo uMa, TeM 5onbmuM K0nuHecTB0M ^0pMaHT0B 0H0 o5pacTaeT, no5e®garoT Mogu^uKaTM c ^opMaHTaMu -k-, -amK-, -ymK-, -ma-. Be3ycnoBHo, b gaHH0M cnyHae Ha5nrogaeTca BnuaHue HeKaneHgap-Hofi cucTeMM Ha KaneHgapHyro. KaneHgapHMe Mogu^uKaTM - ^T0 oguH U3 apKux noKa3aTeneM aga^Ta^uu 3auMCTB0BaHHoro uMeHHUKa. Hx ^yHK^uoHupoBaHue e^e pa3 nogTBep^gaeT BMBog o ceMefiHMx ^eHH0CTax u tom, hto uMa - ocoÖMfi noKa3aTenb uepapxuu BHyTpu ceMbu u o5^ecTBa.
BepoaTHo, uMeHHo ceMba cTaH0BUTca c ogHofi cTopoHM nno^agKofi gna coxpaHeHua uMeH0BaHufi, BKnroHeHua 3auMCTB0BaHHMx umöh b c^epy pyccKoro cn0B005pa30BaHua, a c gpyrofi cTopoHM, uMeHHo ceMba T0pM03UT BBegeHue B o5opoT 5önbmero KonuHecTBa xpucTuaHCKux nuHHMx umöh. KocBeHHMM nogTBep^geHueM ^T0My cny^uT HanuHue 5onbmoro KonuHecTBa KaneHgapHMx uMeH, 3a^uKcupoBaHHMx B naMaTHUKax nucbMeHHocTu TonbKo oguH pa3 (Abtohom, AKaKHH, AKaTHH, AKencHM, ahhchh, AH^a^, ah^h^oxhh, Apaa^HOH, AcK^enHOflOT ... Oeoflopa, OeoflopHT, OeTHHHH u t. g.; Bcero - 39 UMÖH, npuMepHo cegbMaa HacTb aHTp0n0HUMUK0Ha Kapenuu). Pa3yMeeTca, TaKue UMeHa nyHme HeM KaKue-nu5o gpyrue BMnonHanu cBoro 0CH0BHyro ^yHK^uro. B ux eguHUHHocTu mo®ho ycM0TpeTb cno^uBmueca npegnoHTeHua b BMÖope uMeHu, u He TaK0M cunbH0M BnuaHuu ^epKBU Ha nepu^epuu cnaBaHCKoro
Mupa. HHTepecHo, HTo eguHuHHMe uMeHoBaHua oTMeHeHM Ha TeppuTopuu Tex norocT0B Kapenuu, K0T0pMe b 5onbmefi cTeneHu npu5nu®eHM ^eHTpaM Pycu (HoBropog, MocKBa). B aHTponoHUMUHecKofi cucTeMe nepu^epuÖHMx norocT0B, rge npo^uBano b 5onbmefi HacTu npu5anTuficKo-^uHcKoe HaceneHue, ynoTpe5nanucb Hau5onee HacT0THMe u aganTupoBaHHMe Ha Bcex ypoBHax uMeH0BaHua. Mo^ho 3aKnroHUTb, hto HanuHue npu5anTuficKo-^uHcKofi a3MK0B0fi 30HM 5^ino gononHUTenbHofi npuHUHofi, no K0Topofi ucnonb30Banucb Hau5onee ocBoeHHMe b pyccKofi a3MK0B0fi cpege u3yHaeMoro BpeMeHu KaneHgapHMe uMeHa.
Te30UMeHH0cTb 0Ka3anacb cnegcTBueM pa3BUTua cTpyKTypM uMeH0BaHua, nepexogy ot gByxK0Mn0HeHTH0fi Mogenu uMeH0BaHua k TpexK0Mn0HeHTH0fi u 5onee. npu ^T0M TpeTufi K0Mn0HeHT aBnanca npo3Bu^eM: Oegop BnacoB cmh A^a^Ma (K3nOn 1582/83: 204), OeTKo OHy^peeB Ba^öan (nKOn 1563: 133), OeTbKo BacunbeB cmh BygMHH (nKBn 1568: 103), HcT0MKa OegopoB ^a^oöa (nKBn 1568: 65), MuTbKa On^epbeB cmh MapbUHa BoraToro (nKBn 1568: 125), HeHafi, HBaHKo, naTMfi rpuropbeBM geTu HecTepoBa UnpoKHx Ko^na-kob (nKBn 1568: 93) u t. g., unu naTp0HUM0M: fleHuc CeMeH0B cmh HöegHH-kob (K3nOn 1582: 179), E^umko OegopoB Kocmmhhh (nKOn 1563: 150), 3®gaHKo Hctomuh BeTomKHH, TpeTbaHKo ^K0BneB Mnxaö^oBa (nKBn 1568: 69) u T. g. TpexK0Mn0HeHTHaa cucTeMa 5Mna HacTonbKo ^yHK^U0HanbH0 3aKpe-nneHa b cucTeMe uMeH0BaHua k XVII BeKy, hto noBnuana u Ha 3anagHoeBponefi-cKyro, Hamegmyro 0Tpa®eHue b goKyMeHTax, HanucaHHMx Ha mBegcK0M a3MKe, cp. B no3eMenbHofi KHure KeKcronbMcKoro neHa 1637 r. npegcTaBneHM: MaTTM ^aBpuH ^aTUKa / Mati Laurinpoika Latik (483/74), OnnM AHTMeB KapBUHeH / Olli Antinpoika Kurojne (487/78), refiKu AHTMeB KonMuranKo / Häjki Antinpoi-ka Kolunhelge (481/72), OnnM Mc^ueB ^y3UKKa / Olli Jussin Lusicka (487/79) u T. g.
CTpyKTypa uMeH0BaHua KaK Henb3a nyHme 0Tpa®aeT ^po^eccM a3MK0B0fi UHTep^epeH^uu. HMeroTca b Bugy TaK Ha3MBaeMMe «ru5pugHMe uMeH0BaHua», Korga b cTpyKTypHofi ^opMyne coeguHaroTca pa3HocucTeMHMe ^neMeHTM: ucK0HH0-cnaBaHcKue HeKaneHgapHMe nuHHMe uMeHa u npo3Bu^a, KaneHgapHMe pycu^u^upoBaHHMe uMeHa, npu5anTuficK0-^uHcKue uMeHa u 05pa30BaHua ot Hux. npuMepM U3 pyccKoa3MHHMx g0KyMeHT0B: fflofiKyfi KoHaH (refiMaH 1941: 1581: 277); HcT0MKa PeHKyfi (^K^n 1597: 212); HeHafi HBaH0B cmh nepryeB (refiMaH 1941: 1572: 221); Oeo^aHKo Kenac (K3nOn 1582/83: 96) u t. g.
B goKyMeHTax KeKcronbMcKoro neHa TaK^e npegcTaBneH pa3H0a3MK0B0fi cuHTe3, oTpa^eHHMfi B cTpyKType uMeH0BaHua: nepBymKa KoBKynaeB / Pärwoi Koukupää (461/50); MuxefiKo rapa / Mikejko Härä (463/52); Ahtm ^0nuH0B / Anti Loginof (622/255); napTronu na^yeB, 5o5^inb / Bärtell Päsuef, bobell (733/355); naBofiKo PoxnoeB, 5o5^inb / Pawo Rochwanien, bobell (560/161); na-Bo ^aTMm, 5o5Mnb / Pawo Rosalyn, bobell (644/210) u t. g.). npu ^T0M uckoh-Ho pyccKoe uMa unu npo3Bu^e u pycu^u^upoBaHHoe KaneHgapHoe uMa Ha^e
«npuHUMaroT» 3auMCTB0BaHHMH KOMnoHeHT uMeHOBaHua, HTO aBnaeTca cBuge-TenbCTBOM He TonbKo TecHMx KOHTaKTOB pyccKux u npu5anT0-^uHH0B, ho u to-ro, HTO pyccKoe co3HaHue oKa3anocb 5onee otkpmtmmu b nnaHe 3auMCTB0BaHua, Hau5onee roTOBMM u TepnuMMM k npuHaTuro ^aKTOB gpyrux KynbTyp, ux aKTUB-HOMy nepeocMMcneHuro.
HMeHa npu5anTUHCKo-^uHCKoro npoucxo^geHua u K0HCTpyK^uu, co-gep^a^ue ux, 3a^uKcupoBaHHMe b pyccKoa3MHHMx goKyMeHTax Kape-nuu, - c^e^u^UHecKaa HacTb pyccKoro oHOMacTUKOHa, goKa3MBaro^aa, HTO «cTepunbHo HucToe (5eccy5cTpaTHoe) ^THUHecKoe npocTpaHCTBo -ucKnroHUTenbHoe u coMHUTenbHoe aBneHue» (Tpy5aHeB 1982: 14). HcTopua Hapoga He npoTeKaeT u3onupoBaHo, OHa pa3BUBaeTca bo B3auMogeHCTBuu ero c gpyruMu HapogaMu.
KaneHgapHMM nuHHMM uMeHaM b nepu^epuHHOM peruoHe npuHagne^uT o5mupHoe ^yHK^uoHanbHoe npocTpaHCTBo, o5ycnoBneHHoe u3MeHeHueM Kynb-TypHMx ^eHH0CTeH B co3HaHuu Hapoga. ^To o5^epyccKUH ^po^ecc. OgHaKo Ha5nrogaeTca y30CTb penepTyapa Hau5onee 3HaHUMMx uMeH, hto o5ycnoBneHo ^TH0a3MK0BMM BnuaHUeM - HanUHUeM npu5anTUHCK0-^UHCK0H a3MK0B0H 30-HM. Te30UMeHH0CTb BneKna 3a co5oh pa3BUTue cTpyKTypM uMeHOBaHua, ^op-MupoBaHua «ru5pugHMx» MogeneH u, KaK cnegcTBue, coxpaHeHua u pa3BUTua np03Bu^H0H cucTeMM, ucnonb3OBaHua b KaHecTBe KOMnoHeHTa uMeHOBaHUH c npu5anTUHCK0-^uHCK0H ochoboh, naTpoHUMOB - np005pa30B 5ygy^ux pyccKux ^aMunuH.
4 HTaK, uMa co5cTBeHHoe - oco5mh aHTpo^o^eHTpuHecKUH MapKep, no3Bonaro-^UH B^iaBUTb ^OpMUpOBaHUe ^eHH0CTHMX OpueHTUpOB, xapaKTepHMx KaK OT-genbHOMy HenoBeKy, - npegcTaBUTenro onpegeneHHoro ^TH0ca (Ha^uu), TaK u ^enoMy KonneKTUBy. B onpegeneHuu cucTeMM ^eHH0CTeH Heo5xoguMo yHUTM-BaTb 0C05eHH0CTu peruoHanbHOH KapTUHM Mupa, oco5oro HneHeHua geHOTaTUB-Horo npocTpaHCTBa, Ha KOTopoe BnuaeT reorpa^uHecKoe nono^eHue, KOHTaKTM c gpyruMu HapogaMu. HMa co5cTBeHHoe - KynbTypHMH MapKep, no3Bonaro^uH yBugeTb caMoÖMTHMH ucTopuHecKUH o5pa3 ^^oxu u ^opMupoBaHue hobmx mo-geneH ®u3hu.
^HTEPATyPA H HCTOHHHKH
A3apx 1981 = ro. C. A3apx, flaHHMe oHOMacTHKH KaK hctohhhk HCTopHHecKOH gHaneKTonoFHH (Ha MaTcpHane pyccK. hmchhofo cn0B005pa30BaHHa), b: Oö^ecjiasMucKuü MumeucmunecKuu am-Mac: MamepuaMbi u uccMedoeanun: c6. cmameu 1979, otb. peg. B. A. Hmxob - P. H. ABaHecoB, MocKBa: HayKa, 1981, 221-243. AOC = ÄpxameMbCKuü oÖMacmnoü cMoeapb 2, MocKBa: Mry, 1982.
AnpecflH 1995 = ro. fl. AnpecaH, O5pa3 HenoBeKa no gaHHMM a3MKa: nonMTKa cucTeMRoro onuca-
Hua, b: Bonpocb MsuKosnanu^, 1995, ^ 1, 37-67. ApyTMHOBa 1999 = H. fl. ApyxroHOBa, Mswk u Mup ueMoeeKa, MocKBa: ^b^iku pyccKOH KynbTypM, 1999.
ACM = AKmu c0^uaMbH0-^K0H0Mu^ecK0Ü ucmopuu Ceeepa Poccuu KOH^a XV-XVI e.: üKmw Co-Moee^Ko^o M0HacmmpM, 1572-1584 AH CCCP, Hh-t ucTopuu CCCP, HeHuHpp. oTg-Hue, cocT. H. 3. nuöepsoH, HeHuHppag: HayKa, Hchuhfp. oTg-Hue, 1990.
EipM^a 1966 = M. B. BipMna, EeuapycKan aHmpanaHiMin: yuacHrne iMeHm, iMeHm-MMHymKi, iMeHm na 6a^bKy, npossmuw, MiHCK: HaByKa i TaxHiKa, 1966.
EipM^a 1969 = M. B. BipMna, EeuapycKan aHmpanaHiMin: nposemuu, ymeopaHWM ad aneMMmwy-Haü MeKciKi, MiHCK: HaByKa i TaxHiKa, 1969.
EoraneBa 2009 = M. B. BoraHeBa, Bo3mo:hoctu MeToga peK0HCTpyK^uu b ucTopuKo-neKcuKono-ruHecKOM uccnegoBaHuu, b: BecmHuK nepMcKozo yHueepcumema: poccuücKaM u 3apy6e^HaM ^umomozum, 2009, ^ 3, 42-51.
EoHfla^eTOB 1983 = B. fl. BoHganeTOB, PyccKaM 0H0MacmuKa: yHe6. noco6ue ömm cmydeHmoe ned. uH-moe, MocKBa: HpocBe^eHue, 1983.
Bem6HUKafl 1997 = A. A. Be:5u^Kaa, HswK - KyMbmypa - nosHaHue, MocKBa: PyccKue cnoBapu, 1997.
BeHflHHa 2002 = T. H. BeHguHa, CpeÖHeeeKoewü neMoeeK e sepKaMe cmapocMasMHcKozo M3WKa, MocKBa: HHgpuK, 2002.
Bo^kob 1974 = C. C. BonKOB, MeKcuKa pyccKux HeMo6umHwx XVII eeKa: ^opMyMMp, mpa^u^uoHHwe ^muKemHwe u cmuueewe cpedcmea, HcHuHrpag: H3g-B0 HeHuHrpagcKoro yHuBepcuTeTa, 1974.
raHMHHa 2001 = H. M. raH:uHa, HoKanbHMe aHTponoHuMM KaK uctohhuk peK0HCTpyK^uu anen-naTuBHofi neKcuKu, b: npo6MeMw duHaMuKu cpeÖHepyccKux zoeopoe: K0MMeKmueHaM M0H0zpa-^um, TBepb, 2001, 144-167.
PeHMaH 1941 = Mamepuauw no ucmopuu KapeMuu XII-XVII eeKoe, nog. peg. B. r. refiMaH, He-Tpo3aBogcK, 1941.
fypeBUH 1984 = A. rypeBuH, Kamezopuu cpeÖHeeeKoeoü KyMbmypw, MocKBa: HcKyccTBo, 1984.
fla^b = B. H. flanb, Tomkobwü cuoeapb :^ueozo eeMuK0pyccK0Z0 M3WKa 1-4, MocKBa: PyccKufi a3MK, 1981-1982.
fleMHyK 1988 = M. O. fleMHyK, Cuoe'MHcbKi aemoxmoHHi oco6oei SMacHi iMeHa e no6ymi yKpa^H^ie XIV-XVII cm., Kucb: HayKOBa gyMKa, 1988.
flepnruH 1985 = B. fleparuH, OHOMacTuHecKufi MaTepuan ceBepHo-pyccKux naMaTHuKOB nucb-MeHHocTu XVI-XVII BB. KaK ucTopuKo-neKcuKonoruHecKufi uctohhuk, b: TonoHuMuM ypaua u Ceeepa eeponeücKoü uacmu CCCP, CBepgnoBCK, 1985, 28-33.
flKnn 1597 = flo3opHaa KHura HoncKux norocTOB 1597 r., b: HcmopuM KapeMuu XVI-XVII ee. e doKyMeHmax = Asiakirjoja Karjalan Historiasta 1500- ja 1600-luvuilta 1, nogroT. K neH. H. A. HepHaKOBa - r. M. KoBaneHKo - B. CanoxefiMo, nog peg. A. H. KonaHeBa - A. r. MaHbKOBa, neTpo3aBogcK: Ho3Hcyy, 1987, 186-233.
^e^e3HflK 1969 = H. M. ®ene3HaK, OuepK cep60X0peamcK0Z0 aHmponoHuMuuecKozo cMoeoo6pa-3oeaHuM: cy^^uKcaMbHaM cucmeMa cep6oxopeamcKoü aHmponoHuMuu XII-XV ee., KueB: Ha-yKoBa gyMKa, 1969.
3aHueBa - My^^OHeH 2007 = H. r. 3afi^eBa - M. H. MynnoHeH, HoewüpyccKo-eenccKuü cuoeapb, neTpo3aBogcK: HepuoguKa, 2007.
3aKa3HHKOBa 1979 = T. A. 3aKa3HuKOBa, PyccKaM aHmponoHumuM XVI-XVII ee. (Ha MamepuaMe na-MMmHuKoe öeMoeoü nucbMeHHocmu), ABTope^epaT. guc. ... KaHg. ^unon. HayK, MocKBa, 1979.
MBaHOBa 2006 = E. H. HBaHOBa, HMeHa co6cmeeHHwe eM0HacmwpcK0ü öeMoeoü nucbMeHHocmu EeM0-3epbM K0H^a XIV-XVee., ABTope^epaT guc. ... KaHg. ^unon. HayK, Bonorga, 2006.
Kapay^OB 1987 = ro. H. KapaynoB, PyccKuü m3wk u M3WKoeaM MuuHocmb, MocKBa: HayKa, 1987.
KapT. CPrK = KapmomeKa «CuoeapM pyccKux zoeopoe KapeMuu u conpedeMbHwx o6Macmeü», Me:Ka-^egpanbHMfi cnoBapHMfi KaöuHCT, OunonoruHecKufi ^aKynbTCT, CaHKT-neTep5yprcKufi rocygap-CTBeHHMfi yHuBCpCuTCT.
K3non 1582/83 = ^uc^0Baa KHura 3aoHe:cKofi nonoBuHM O5oHe:cKofi ohtuhm 1582/83 rr., b: HcmopuM KapeMuu XVI-XVII ee. e doKyMeHmax = Asiakirjoja Karjalan Historiasta 1500- ja 1600-luvuilta 3, nogroT. k neH. u peg. H. A. HepHaKOBofi - K. KaTaana, neTpo3aBogcK: Ho3Hcyy, 1993, 35-341.
Ko^ecoB 1986 = B. B. KonecoB, Mup ueMoeeKa e cMoee flpeeHeü Pycu, HeHuHppag: H3g-B0 HeHuHppag-cKoro yH-Ta, 1986.
KoM^eBa 2004 = H. B. KoMneBa, AumponouuMUM eonozodcKux naMMmuuKoe o^u^uaMbHO-^enoeoü
nucbMeHHocmu KOH^a XVI-XVIIee., flMccepTa^Ma ... KaHg. ^unon. HayK, Bonorga, 2004. KropmyHOBa 1994 = H. A. KropmyH0Ba, CnasMHcKaM aHmponoHuMuM Kapenuu XV-XVII ee. e ceMsu c peKOHcmpyK^ueü neKcuKu ^0Ha^U0HanbH0^0 nepuoda, flMCcepTa^Ma ... KaHg. ^unon. HayK, Bonorga, 1994.
KropmyHOBa 2012 = H. A. KropmyH0Ba, HeKaneHgapHMe nuHHMe UMeHa u ux kofhmtmbhmh noTeH-^Man B cpegHeBeK0B0M peruoHantHoM 0H0MacTMK0He, b: BecmHuK CaHKm-nemepöypzcKozo yHueepcumema, cepua 9: ^unonozuM - eocmoKoeedeHue - ^ypHanucmuKa, 2012, 3, 103-108. MaMOHTOBa 1988 = H. H. MaM0HT0Ba, KapentcKaa u BenccKaa aHTponoHUMua Ha c0BpeMeHH0M
3Tane, OHoMacmuKa - munonozuM - cmpamuzpa^uM, MocKBa: HayKa, 1988, 221-228. MAC = Cnoeapb pyccKozo MjwKa 1-4, AH CCCP, Hh-t pyc. a3., nog peg. A. n. EBreHteBofi, MocKBa, 1981-1984.
Mac^OBa 2007 = B. A. MacnoBa, Homo lingualis e Kynbmype, MocKBa: rH03Mc, 2007. Me^epcKHH 1963 = H. A. Me^epcKufi, K M3yHeHMro pyccKux HapogHMx roBopoB Ha TeppuTo-puH KapentcKofi ACCP, b: yn. san. KapenbcKozo neduHcmumyma 13, neTpo3aBogcK, 1963, 113-126.
Mro^^ep 1948 = KapenuM e XVII eeKe: cö. öoKyMeHmoe, coct. P. B. Mronnep, nog peg. A. H. Ah-
gpeeBa, neTpo3aBogcK, 1948. Hukohob 1988 = B. A Hmkohob, reozpa^uM ^aMunuü, MocKBa: HayKa, 1988. naB^OB-Cu^bBaHCKHH 1924 = H. n. naBnoB-CuntBaHcKufi, OeoöanusM e ffpeeHeü Pycu, Cn5, 1924.
nKBn 1568 = ^MC^0BMe KHuru BogcKofi naTUHM 1568 r., b: HcmopuM Kapenuu XVI-XVII ee. e doKyMeHmax = Asiakirjoja Karjalan Historiasta 1500- ja 1600-luvuilta 1, nogroT. K neH. H. A. HepHaK0Ba - r. M. KoBaneHKo - B. CanoxefiMo, nog peg. A. H. KonaHeBa - A. r. MaHtK0Ba, neTpo3aBogcK: Ho3Hcyy, 1987, 52-178. nKKH 1637 = no3eMentHaa KHura KeKcrontMcKoro neHa 1637 r., b: HcmopuM Kapenuu XVI-XVII ee. e doKyMeHmax = Asiakirjoja Karjalan Historiasta 1500- ja 1600-luvuilta 2, nogroT. K neH. m peg. H. A. HepHaKoBofi - K. KaTaana, neTpo3aBogcK: Ho3Hcyy, 1991. nKOn 1496 = ^uc^oewe khuzu OöoHe^cKoü nMmuHw 1496 u 1563 88., nogroT. k neH. A. M. AHgpu-
ameB, nog peg. M. H. HoKpoBcKoro, HeHUHrpag, 1930. nKOn 1563 = ^uc^oewe khuzu Oöoue^cKoü nMmuuu 1496 u 1563 nogroT. K neH. A. M. AHgpu-
ameB, nog peg. M. H. HoKpoBcKoro, HeHUHrpag, 1930. nO^flKOBa 2007 = E. H. HonaKoBa, Cnoeapb umeu ^umeneü nepMcKozo KpaM XVI-XVIII eeKoe,
nepMt: H3g. goM BMBant^eBa, 2007. nOnOBa 2002 = H. H. HonoBa, nepenucuaM Kuuza Bonozdu 1711 zoda KaK ^aup u nuuzeucmune-
ckuü ucmonuuK, ABTope^epaT guc. ... KaHg. ^unon. HayK, Bonorga, 2002. ny^bKHH u Ap. 1999 = M. B. HyntKUH - O. A. 3axapoBa - A. ro. ®yK0B, npaeocnaeue e Kapenuu
(XV-nepeaM mpemb XXe.), MocKBa: KpyrnMH rog, 1999. CBfl = M. H. 3aH^eBa - M. H. MynnoHeH, Cnoeapb eenccKozo M3UKa, HeHUHrpag: HayKa, 1972. Cepe6peHHHKOB 1973 = Oö^ee MSuKosuauue: Memodu nuuzeucmunecKux uccneöoeauuü, OTB. peg.
B. A. Cepe5peHHMK0B, MocKBa: HayKa, 1973. Cepe6peHHHKOB 1988 = B. A. Cepe5peHHMK0B, Ponb uenoeenecKozo ^aKmopa e MSuKe: msmk u
Mumneuue, MocKBa: HayKa, 1988. CflPfl XI-XVII = Cnoeapb pyccKozo M3UKa XI-XVII ee. 1-28-, MocKBa, 1975-2008-. CMO^bHHKOB 1996 = C. H. CM0ntHMK0B, AumponouuMunecKaM cucmeMa Bepxuezo noöeuubM (ua Mamepuane naMMmuuKoe Mecmuoü öenoeoü nucbMeuuocmu), ABTope^epaT guc. ... KaHg. ^u-non. HayK, Bonorga, 1996. COC = Conocmaeumenbuo-ouoMacuonozunecKuü cnoeapb öuaneKmoe KapenbcKozo, eenccKozo, caaM-
ckozo MsuKoe, nog peg. ro. C. EnuceeBa - H. r. 3aH^eB0H, neTpo3aBogcK, 2007. CPrK = Cnoeapb pyccKux zoeopoe Kapenuu u conpedenbuux oönacmeü 1-6, CaHKT-Herepöypr: H3-
gaTentcTBo C.-Herepö. yH-Ta, 1994-2005. Cpe3HeBCKHH = H. H. Cpe3HeBcKMH, Mamepuanu dnM cnoeapM öpeeuepyccKozo M3UKa no nucbMeu-HUM naMMmuuKaM 3, CaHKT-Herepöypr, 1912 (penpuHTHoe M3gaHMe: MocKBa: KHura, 1989).
CPHr = Cnoeapb pyccKux napodnux zoeopoe 1-43-, CaHKT-neTep5ypr: HayKa, 1965-2010-.
CTenaHOB 2001 = ro. C. CTenaHOB, Koncmanmu: cnoeapb pyccKoü Kynbmypu: onum uccnedoea-HUM, MocKBa: AKageM. HpocKT, 2001.
CTpoKUHa nycT. = K. A. floKyHaeB-BacKOB, «CTpoKHHa nycTMHa» h ee HepHe^M: onMT Hccne-goBaHHa ®H3HH MOHameoTByro^Hx, b: MseecmuM o6^ecmea usyueHUM 0n0He^K0Ü zy6epHUu (HerposaBogoK), 1914, ^ 4, 17-32.
Te^ufl 1988 = B. H. TenHa, MeTa$opH3a^Ha h ee ponb b oo3gaHHH a3MKOBOH KapTHHM MHpa, b: Ponb HenoeenecKozo ^aKmopa e M3UKe: m3uk u KapmuHa Mupa, MocKBa: HayKa, 1988, 173-204.
TonopoB 1995—1998 = B. H. TonopoB, Cenmocmb u cenmue e pyccKoü dyxosHoü Kynbmype 1: nepeuü eeK xpucmuaHcmea Ha Pycu; 2: mpu eeKa xpucmuaHcKoü Pycu (XII-XIVee.), MocKBa: mK. «^3MKH pyc. KynbTypM», 1995-1998.
Tpy6aHeB 1968 = O. H. Tpy5aHeB, H3 MaTepHanoB gna aTHMonorHHecKoro cnoBapa ^aMHnHH Poc-chh (PyccKHe ^aMHnHH h ^aMHnHH, ÖMTyro^He b Foccmm), ^muMono^uM 1966: npo6neMu numeozeozpa^uu u Me^hM3UKoeux KoHmaKmoe, MocKBa: HayKa, 1968, 3-53.
Tpy6aHeB 1982 = O. H. TpyöaHeB, ^3MKO3HaHHe h 3THoreHe3 cnaBaH: gpeBHHe cnaBaHe no gaH-HMM 3THMonorHH H oHOMacTHKH, B: Bonpocu MsuKosHaHuM 1982, ^ 4, 10-26.
ypMCOH 2003 = E. B. ypMcoH, npo6neMu uccnedoeaHun MSuKoeoü KapmuHu Mupa: aHanozuM e ceMaHmuKe, MocKBa: ^3mkh cnaBaHcKOH KynbTypM, 2003.
OacMep = M. OacMep, ^muMono^uHecKuü cnoeapb pyccKozo M3UKa 1-4, nep. c HeM. h gon. O. H. TpyöaHeBa, 2-e H3g., MocKBa: Hporpecc, 1986-1987.
Xyflam 1977 = M. H. Xygam, 3 icmopii yKpaiucbKoi'aHmponoHiMii, Khib: HayKOBa gyMKa, 1977.
HaHKHHa 1998 = ro. H. HaHKUHa, BonozodcKue ^aMunuu: ^muMono^u^ecKUü cnoeapb, Bonorga, 1995.
HaHKHHa 1991 = ro. H. HaHKHHa, HpoöneMM peKOHOTpyK^HH neKcuKU cTapopyccKoro a3MKa Ha MecTHOM oHOMacTHHecKOM MaTepHane nHcbMeHHMx hctohhhkob XVI-XVII bb., b: Hcmopun pyccKozo cnoea: npo6neMu H0MUHa^uu u ceMaHmuKu, Bonorga, 1991, 40-54.
HyHKa 1970 = n. n. HyHKa, ÄHmponoHiMin 3aKapnammM (ecmyn ma iMeHa): KoHcneKm neK^iü, y^Fopog: BHgaBHH^TBO y^ropogcbKoro yHiBepcHTery, 1970.
WacKO^bCKHH 1978 = H. n. macKonbcKHH, Eopb6a Pycu npomue KpecmoHocHoü azpeccuu Ha 6epezax EanmuKu e XII-XIII ee., HeHHHrpag, 1978, 16.
^Me^eB 2002 = A. fl. mMeneB, PyccKaM MsuKoeaM Modenb Mupa, MocKBa: ^3mkh cnaBaHcKOH KynbTypM, 2002.
^CCfl = ^muMono^UHecKUü cnoeapb cnaeMHcKux M3UKoe: npacnaeMHcKuü neKcuHecKuü ^ohö 1-38-, nog peg. O. H. TpyöaHeBa, MocKBa: HayKa, 1974-2012-.
PovzETEK - Summary
Vrednostni orientirji ruskega človeka skoz lastnoimensko prizmo (po gradivu regionalne antroponimije 15.-17. stoletja)
Antroponimi mimo kompleksa lingvistične informacije, določene s posebnim statusom onimov v jezikovnem sistemu, posredujejo v paradigmi sodobnih raziskav tudi spozna-vo duhovnega sveta poimenovavca in poimenovanca, hkrati pa so vir vednosti o kulturnem in družbenem sobesedilu dobe. Regionalni antroposistemi to vednost specifično odražajo tako, da ne vsebujejo le onomastičnih, lingvističnih, etnolingvističnih univer-zalij, lastnih jezikovni skupnosti, ampak odražajo tudi značilne momente take vednosti, določene z zemljepisnim položajem regije, z njenim družbeno-gospodarskim pomenom v stari in sodobni Rusiji, s posebnostmi stikov z drugimi ljudstvi, njihovo vero itn. V tem smislu je antroponimija srednjeveške Karelije posebno važna, ker je bila in ostaja polietnični prostor in ker tam stiki slovanskega in neslovanskega življa v onomastičnem sistemu nahajajo samosvoj lom. Tako se v regijah, podobnih Kareliji 15.-17. stoletja,
razvija izkušnja prilagajanja drugim kulturam, drugim predstavam vrednostnega sistema. Včasih je prav antroponimija tisti člen, ki omogoča privrnitev manjkajočih členov te vednosti.
Value Reference Points for Russian People Viewed through Proper Names (Based on Regional Anthroponymy from the Fifteenth to Seventeenth Centuries)
In addition to the complex of linguistic information resulting from the special status of onyms in a language system, anthroponyms transmit the cognition of the inner world of the person named and the owner of the name into the modern research paradigm, and they are also a source of information about the cultural and social context of an epoch. Regional anthroponym systems reflect this knowledge in particular because they not only contain special onomastic, linguistic, and ethnolinguistic universals specific to the language system, but also reflect the characteristic moments of such knowledge due to the geographical position of the region, its social and economic importance in the history of ancient and modern Russia, contacts with other people and their beliefs, and other characteristics. In this sense, the anthroponymy of medieval Karelia is of special interest because this has been a multiethnic area since ancient times, and therefore contact between the Slavic and non-Slavic population was specially reflected in the onomastic system. Thus, the experience of adapting to other cultures and other ideas in the value system of regions similar to Karelia between the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries is developed. Sometimes anthroponymy is the only link that allows reconstruction of missing links for such knowledge.