PRIRODOSLOVNI MUZEJ SLOVENIJE
'MUSEUM HISTORIAE NATURALIS SLOVENIAN
SCOPOLIA
Revija Prirodoslovnega muzeja Slovenije I
Journal of the Slovenian Maseum of Natural Hixlory I
CODEN SCPLEK • ISSN 0351-0077
ÖUUrULiA
Ghisilo Prirodoslovnega muzeja Slovenije, Ljubljana Journal of the Slovenian iVfiiveuur o) }taiurai History. Ljuhljuna
Izduj^rL-lj / Ediittl by:
Prirodoslovni muücj Slovenije, Ljubljana, S loven ij h Sioveniati Museum of Naiuya! History, Ljubijarta, Slovenia
Sofinancirata/ Subiidised by.
Mmistrst\'ü 7.li kultura in Ministrstvu za šolstvo, znanost in Sport Mifiistfy 'j/Cul/ure and Mirmtry of Education. Science and Spori
Urednik i Editors Janez Gregori
Uredniški üdbur / Editorial Staff:___
ßrcda CINC-JUHANT, |Huw GRIFFITHs155)1, Boris KRVStUKEK, Lojze MARIMCEK, Ijinac sivec Ka/imir TARMAN, Nikola TVRTKOVIČ (HR), Tone WRABER
Nasbv uredniütva in uprave / Address of the Editorial Ojjice and Adminislratioti:
Prirodoslovni muzej SJovenije, Preäemova 20, p.p. 290, SI - 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenija Sloveniatj Museum of Natural HlaJory. Prešernova 20, p.p. 290, Si - i 0Ö1 Ljubliürta. S}o\'cma
Tekoči račun pri LB / Current account at LB: 50100-6fl3-40M5
Lektor (üa slovutiStino) / Reader (for Slovene): Cvetana TAVZES
l-ektor {7A angleščino)! Reader (for Erif^U^h): Henrik C1GL1Č
Oblikovanje i Dasi^: Jurij KüCBFX
Primed by: Sthwarz d.0,0., Ljubljana
Izideta najmanj dve Številki lemo, naklada po 60(J izvodov The Journal appears at leasl Twice a year. 600 copiex per issue
Niitiünjeno Printed: november 2002
FtJlografija na naslovnici! Front cover: Rod Cheiifera I Genus CheUfera fOta!Photo: Tomi Trilar, Bogdan Horvat
Revija je v podatkovnih bazah / Journal is covered by: COBIB. BIOSIS Zoological Record
SCOPOUA ND4^^: 1-28(20Ü2)
Taxonomical notes and descriptions of the new Che I if era Macquart species (Diptera: Empididae)
Bogdan HORVAT^
UDC (UDK) 595.77:591.9(045)^20
ABSTRACT
Four Chelifera species are described: C. emcixhanica sp, nov. (China: Sichuan), C, malickyi sp. tiüv, (Thailand), C. ornamenta sp. nov, (China: Sichuan), and C, thaica sp. nov. (Thailand). The lectotypes of nine Collin's Chelifera species are redescribed from type material and designated: C utigiista (England), C apefiicauda (England), C, cortcinnicauJn (Scotland), C diversicattda (England), C. fumipemiis (Chile), C. pec/inii-'ciutlci (England), C. precabundu (England), C .^jz&d/j^-ujff/(Wales), and C.	(New Zealand). C. serraiicauda meridionalis Vaellant, 1981
is shown to be a junior synonym of C, serraticaudu Emgel, 1939,
K.cy words: Chelifera, Hemerodromiinae, Empididae, Diptera, new species, Icctotype designations, new synonynn, cheeklisi of the world species
IZVLEČEK
Taksonumskc posebnosti in upisi novth vrst Chelifera Macql AKr (Dipttra: Empididae)
— Opisane so štiri vrste rodu Chelifera: C emeishanica sp. nov, (Kitajska; Sečuan), C maiicfyi sp. nt)v, (Tajska), C, arnamenta sp, nov. (Kitajska: Sečuan) in C. thaica sp. nov. (Tajska), Na podlagi tipskega materiala je ponovno opisanih in označenih devet Icktotipov vrst Chelifera, ki jih je opisal Collin; C. angusta (Anglija), C. aperticauda (Anglija), C. ctmcinmccmda (Škotska), C. diversicauda (Anglija), C. fiimipemix(Č't]e), C. pectinicaiid(t{Ang\i}ä), C. precahunda (Anglija), C suban^uala (Wales) in C. tcintulci (Neva Zelandija). C iierrcitictiucla meridiomjli'; Vaillant, i9SI je prikazana kot inlajši sinonim vrste C stirmlicaiida Engel, 1939.
Ključne besede: Chelifera, Hcmerodromiinae, Empididae. Diptera, nove vrste, oznake Icktotipov, nov sinonim, pregled vrst sveta
'Sluveilian Museum ufNalural Hislary, PreäemOva 20, P.Ü.Bujl 29(). Sl-lüOl Ljubljana, SJovcnia L-mail; bogdanlmrvalOlfSyahco.coin

Jntroiiuciion
Superfamily Empidoidea is divided inio Empididae (s.str.), Hybotidae, Atclesiidae, Microphoriüaeaiid Dolithopodidae. The most impomni study on the adiill Ejiipididae morphology has been published by ChvAla (1983) which is priniarly based on Palaearctic material. The family Enipididae includes subfamilies Oreogetoiifnac, Empidinae, Urachystomalinae, Ceratomerinae. Clinoceritiae and Hcnicrodromiinac. The genus Chelifera of the subfamily Henierodromiirae was founded by Macquart (iR23) for the type species Chelifeni raptor matguari i^Chelifertj monostigmci (MnrccN, 1822) thai occurs in Europe (ChvAla & Wagner, 1989).
Five imptirüml revisümtil papers dealing wiih Chelifera, including morphology and taxonomy of tke species, had previously been published: Mr lander's (192R, 1947) reviews of tlie Ncarctic species. Coll im's (S 927, 1961) works on (he Britisli speeies, and Mac Donald's (1994) revision in which 21 Nearetic and I 1 lolarttic species were recognized and illustrated, six of ihem were described from North Amcrica as new to science. Generic description of Chelifera which belongs to tribus I lemerodromiini was in general best made by Collin (1961).
Plienoh^v und fife cycle. The adults of Cfteiifera may be inainly found near mnning waters on the riparian vegetation and stones, or around Ihe spring areas on the herbage and under fallen leaves and branclilets, but usually in low numbers. Both feeding and mating activity when the males are giving ''a gift", usually a small eapturcd fly to the females, are taking turn on the ground, very often in the same time. They prey on Chirononiidae, Mycetophilidae and other small insccts. Some species which occur in the temperate and warm climates may have two generations per year {bivoltine species}, but usually ihey are utiivoliine. They arc common in dry summer season.
All Hemerodromlinae have four larval in stars, and a pupa! &tage. Eggs are elongate and whitish, Larvae of CheUjera are also predators. They are Jiving in sand under stones deeply in flowing water or in spring areas among mosses where they prey on chironomid and si mul i id larvae. Body is cylindrical, vorm-like, only 2-5 mm long, almost whitish in colour, with seven pairs of abdomitial pixjfegs. Abdominal terniirial segment is posterioi ly rounded, bearing two small dorsal and one apical tubcrcules each covered by two pairs of long hair-like bristles. Pupae possess long spiracutar process laterally on each side, altogether one pair of prothoracic and seven pairs of abdominal processes, Pupa or adult escapes from the last iarv al skin through a T-shaped opening in the back.
Morphology. Chelifera are small Hies with mantoid habits which arc characterized by die lengtlietied raptorial fore legs and are therefore highly adapted for predatory activity. Body length including tenninalia is between 2.0 and 6,5 mm. The females are usually bigger than males. The species whieh occur m New Zealand are distinctly smaller in comparison with "continental" species, and with shorter wings. Also in the mountain species and those which occur in the islands, the wings are usually shorter than body.
The morphological study showed wide variation in the features important in species identification, which are principally the presence of thoracic longitudinal stripes and wing stigma, a degree of reduction of wing venation, moditleations of front femora (blackish or brownish patches) and middle legs chaetotaxy (additional sensory bristles and thom-Iike spines) in males (middle ^egs in females are not modified), reduction of male abdominal tergum 8 (exception arc three btisal Nearctic species), and the shape and degree of sclerotization of female terminalia, Chaetotaxy of thorax and legs is in general greatly reduced. Colouration of different body parts (e.g. head, antennal style, humeral depression, tarsal and abdominal segments) is a very useful feature to distinguish both males and females (Collik 1%1; Waon^k. 1997), It is commonly used in present
TajKwuirtiical it^cs, ntid Jcscri|>[lLWi< ctf ÜK nfw Chiihfit-ii	sp«iK < tJipljri -1 jmpwiidMl
descriptions but sometimes it has no value neither in diffen^ntial diagnosis nor in pliylogenctic analysis of the species. Tlie male teniiinalia provide the most specific characters fordi-itingiiishing the species.
Staie ofhjowleJge, Fauna of CheUfeni is best known from Palaearctic ami Ncarctic regions, Additional species were in the past described from New Zealand (Milli-r, 1923; Cou.in, 1928), and Chile (Cof-ljm, 1^33), The genus doesn't occur in Australia (Sl^CLA[|^, pers, com ). Several new species have been described in tite rccent past (Horvat, 1990 b; Lavali pi;:, 1975; Mac Donald, 1994; niesiolowski, 19S6; Vailuint, 1981, Vmlu^nt & ChvAla, 1973; Vaillant & gaü^eur, I99S; Yang DiNti & Yang Che-kun, 1995; waont:«, 1984 a, b; Waoner & NjtsioLowst;]. 1987), Altogether 60 species are recently rccognized from North America, Hurope, Asia, New Zealand, North Africa, and Chile (see A chcckl ist of the world species at the end of paper). Two spccies are Holarctic, 29 Palaearctic, 21 Nearctic, 3 Oriental, 4 Austral-Oceanian, and 1 Neotnipical. Three species remain unrecognized at present.
Only a few spccies arc widely distributed in the Holarctic. On the other hand a half of all inciudcd spccics are known only from the type specimens (usually males) o rat the most from two or three localities, and no additional materia! is available. Many fiirther species will surely be discovered and described in the near future, predominantly from Asia and North America, Information on eight European species distribution treated here is mainly based on data from the Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera (ChvAla & Waünf-:r, 19R9>as well as my published data (Hokvai, 1990 a, 1993, 1995 a, b, 1997). As regards the Southeast Europe, till 1990 a very few zoogeograpbical data were available in the literature. The ChcHfera adults are not commonly collected in the field, and they are rare in tlie collections around the world. The female can be usually recognized on tJie basis of the body colouration (e.g. the presence o (thoracic lateral stripes, wing stigma) of the corresponded male. Much more fresh Chelifera material collected in the field is needed in the future to solve taxonomy and phylogeny of the species.
Material and methods
Matena I. 11? e type materia] of adult Cfteiifera shtdicd by me as well a<i additional material consist of dried, pinned specimens, microscopic slides with male term in alia, and specimens preserved in ethanol from the following museums (with acronytns used in text): British Mtiseum (Natural Histoiy), London, England [BMNH), Naturhistorisches Mu sem Wien, Vienna. Austria (NMW), Slovenian Museum of Natural History, Ljubljana, Slovenia (P M S L), University Museum Oxford. Oxford, England (UMO), and Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany (ZFMK.).
Methods The adults were collected with sweeping net and aspirator in the vicinity of springs, streams and rivers, and immediately conserved in S5 % ethanol. The dried specimens were, beforie dissection, first softened for a short time in a wet chamber. As in the case ofmatenal preserved in alcohol, the abdomens were dissected from the bodies. They were boiled for approximately 10 mintites in a 10 % solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) until they become translucent, and washed in 96 % acetic acid. Then they were transferred first into a mixture of clove oil and acetic acid (1:1) for about an hour, for repeated observations in some cases later in ethanol. The entire body and its parts, especially tcrminalia and thdr structures, were studied in dorsal and lateral views in glyccrine by binocular Wild M3Z, The individual abdomen was stored in plastic microvial with glycerine, joined togetlier with labels and the rest of the animal on the pin. or preserved in 75
sropul lAJS-^ftW
% ethanol in the case of material preserved in alcohol. In the dried, pinned material is diffieiill lo exam many characters. In the alcohol preser\ ed tnalerial is probably more convenient. Drawings of the newly described species were prepared by using optical microscope Olympus with drawing mtJTor. Tlie ilhistrations to the species described by Collin are not given d Lie to the existing figures in literature(Cdllin, 1927, 1%1; Wacner, 1997).
Taxonomies I notes
Terminology, The taitonomy of genus is rather coniplex because o I'a lack of differential characters. The homology of the genital sdenies iti mate terminal i a in Empididae us a subject of controversy, and terminology has not yet been cleared, lit Chvala (1983) the tenns epandriiim (=dorsal lamella) and gonoeoxite (=lateral lamella) were used in specics descriptions. The gonocoxite in Chelifera consists of 1 -articulated gonopod, gonostylc absent. The cerci are reduced. Furthermore MacDomald (1994) used ccrcns and epandrial lobe (aller Cumminh & Sinclair, 1990), and WACTNnR (1997) ccrcns and periandriurn (gonocoxite+gonostyle) for the sainc genital scleritcs. The interpretation of anagenetic trends of the genital structures ts still complex, therefore I am using terms dorsal lamellae (=cerci orepandrium), and lateral lamellae (-epandrium orgonocoxites) when describing structures in the male tenninalia (Fig. 1). Ventral lamella is generally homologized with hypandrium.
Important features for specics identification are the shape, size and coloui ation ofalI genital lamellae, particularly of dorsal lamellae, the nuinber of thorn-like teeth situated on each dorsal lamella, and the shape and size of hypandrium as well as aedeagus, Hypandrium bears an anterior (AH VP) and posterior pair (PI I VP) of hypandrial processes which differ very much in length and shape (Fig. 2), They can be long, short, thick, connical, straight, apical!y curved, S-shaped, or almost unapparent. Aedcagus is usually short and thin, arises between lateral lamellae and is hidden by them. But in some species it can b^ long and thick, expanded well above dorsal lamellae, and apical ly covered by thorn-1 ike spines. It is very dilTerent; in si^e and shape, more or less sclerotilled, or only membraneoui. The female terminalia (Figs. 3-4) are formed from selerotized terminal eerei, and abdominal seginents S -11. The abdominal segment 8 is much longer than segment 7, The segment 9 is vestigial. The abdomiiial sternum 8 bears genital opening. There is no ovipositor in Chelifera, Terminalia are somewhat compresscd and show different degree of development, Two types of telescopic terminalia can be recognized: conn i cal, we 11-de v el oped, a t least twice to 3-times longer than its basal width, sclcrotized, and with long cerci, or not Conntcal, weakly developed terminalia with rounded, blunt-type, less sclcrotized, and with short cerci,
Cleissificcition. The position of the genus Chuiifera in subfamily Hemerodroiniinae is characterized by raptorial fore legs which arc locatcd near head. Fore coxae are greatly lengthened and at least twice as long as other coxae. Fore femora are thickened and bearing two rows of sensory bristles and thorn-like opines beneath (ventral ly), both in males and females. Genus Chedfera is considered the sister group oC ihe Meiacheki Cüquellett and Neoplasia coouell.trr lineage, and this group is monophyletic within tri bus Hemerodromiini on the basis of the wing venation, the presence of cells DM and BM, and crossvein bm-Cu, MeUichelti is more closely related to Chelifera than Neopiaxm. Mal Donald (1994) recognized three "informal" Chelifera spccics groups in which a half of Nearctic species were placed on the basis of the presence of wing stigma, modifications of the middle legs and front femora v est] tore, a degree of sclerotization of female terminalia, and eniai^emcnt of abdominal tetgum S tti males. The relationships of the remaining 11 specics had not been resolved.
T-BKüiMmicfll nütca ajid<^rirtH>i»ofEhi^iKW Cfiili/cryi MAt ij^.-.w	Lmpididac)
Severn] spccicR groups tau bi; rccognized, Tht basal Chelifera species which (>ccur in the West North America are characteri^^ed by the following plföiomyrphies: The abdominal teiguni 8 is lateraly enlarged postenoi ly int« lobes whinh partially overlapping hypandrium and basal portion of lateral lamellae. The male tentilnaha are nrieiited posteriorly {^terminal). This enlargement lacks in fein^les. The lateral lamellae arc basally narruwiy connected or fused. The hypaiidrium lacks both bypandrial processes. In C. suhensiferci MacI^jmalu, 1994 both hypandrial processes abüeiit. They are very short, almost unapparem in C cirraUt Mim ANutK, 1947, and in C ens if era 1947, In C. ensifera and C, sidiemi/era, each dorsal lamella is fonned by Uvo separated parts. It is b i partitive. In all other known species, including C, cirrata, each dorsal lamella is monopartitive or fonned by only one part. The monopartitivc dorsal lamella is usually bilobed, fonned by basal and distal lobe. The basal forms arc characterized by concolorous thorax without thoracic stripes. Wings arc clear, wirhont stigma. Vein M i is as long as stem M1+2. Crossvein dni-Cu is normally developed, ccll DM is closed. The middle legs in males are simple, without additional rows of sensory bristles and thom-like spines. C ^uhcn.iijcra Mac Donald is considered lo be the most primitive fonn at present.
On the other hand the following apomorphies are .significant in Chetifera: The abdominal tergum 8 is usually very small and narrow in dorsal view, and the male termin alia are oriented upwards (=erect). Lateral lamellae are basally not connected, they are significantly separated. Each dorsal lamella is nnonopartitive. Both hypandrial processes on the hypundrium present. Thoracic longitudinal lateral stripes or a single wide median thoracic stripe present. Wings are clear, bur with distinct stigma, usually wide and longer than body length. Vein M1 is longer than stem Ml+2.Cell DM is incomplete, partially opened apical ty, cross vein dm-Cn is reduced or partially absent. Front femur in males is greatly enlarged, with dark patches on the inner or outer SLrface. Middle legs in inales are modified, bearing additional rows of sensory bristles (on tibiae) and thom-like spines (on femora, the number is between H-25).
Dc-scriptions and redest riptions
Chelifera an frusta Collin, 1927
Clieliferaa/isifsiaCoLUTi, 1927: Entomologist's mon, Mag., 63:95. Type localities: England, Hereford (Tarringtou) and Suffolk (Boyton).
Type materiaL Lectot^'pc male: England: Suffolk, Royton, 26,VIH, 1907, leg. G.H, Verrall (see "Icctotype designation" below, UMO). I'aralectotypes (all in UMO); 1 male, England, Suffolk. Boyton. !0.VII. 190». leg. J.W. Ycrbury; 1 male, England, Hereford, Tarrington, 7,V1I1.I9I3, leg. J.E. Collin.
Recognition. Middle-sized species. It differs from related C. subangusta Cull em, i 9() I by slightly narrower dorsal lamellae as wel I as in number of Ihom-like spines situated on male middle femur (up to 17 spines in C. angu.'ila, up to 12 spines in C .■mhctnf^istn).
Redcscription. Male. Body length 3.0-3.3 mm. wing length 3.2-3.4 mm. Body eolouration in general yellowish-grey. Head blackish. Antennae and mouth parts pale yellowish. Thi)rax yellowish-grey, with two darker grey thoracic longilLidinal stripes. I lumcral depression yellowish. Wings clear, with dark brownish stigma. H älteres white. Legs yellowish. Distal two tarsomeres in at! legs distinctly brownish. Male middle femur with a row of 12-17 minute blackish thoms beneath before middle lying anteriorly. Male middle tibia with darker liny sensory bristles lying antei iorly beneath middle. Abdomen yellowish with brownish markings. Terminal i a yellowish. Each dorsal lamella small, narrow, slightly longer thaii lateral lamella, brownish towards tip. Lateral lamellae
fimpoLlA JS - irtrtj
large ynd broad, Imncate behind, Hypandtiufn small and rounded. Bolh liypandrial processes well-developed, Posterior hypandi ial process (PHYP) curved posteriorly near apex. Anterior hypandrial procesa f AHYP) with truncate tip. The species was described and male tcrminalia illustrated by Collen (1927, 1961). Female. Body length 3,2-3.5 mm, wing length 3.4-3.6 mm. Slightly bigger than male. Tenninalia connical, well-developed.
Lectntype designation. Described IVom three males laken in England (StilTolk (Boyton) 26 August 1907 and 10 July 1908; Hereford (Tarrington) 7 August 1913). The first mentioned male taken m Suffolk, Boyton on 26 August 1507 (leg, G,H, Verrall) is herewith designated as lectotype vfCheliJera angusta Collen in order to ensure the name's proper and consistent application. It was labelled accordingly iii Septembei' I99S in Oxford. All three males mentioned by Ccjllin (1061) are preserved in UMO, and they are eonspecifie. Leetoytpe and the remaining two paralectotypes arc deposited in Verrall-Collin Collection (VC-TYPE 2Ü3)- In the lectotype all body parts are pre.<;eni. In paralectotype from Suffolk, Boyion (JO July 1908) ali body parts are present, and the descriptional characters are identical to those iTientioned for lectoiype. In second paraledotype from Herefordshire (7 August 1913) there is no abdomen, and middle legs lacking, A mount of the male termina I ia was evidently made ftom this specimen (Püni, 1995),
Distribution, Palaearctic. Eiiiope: Great Britain. Adults were collected in July and August,
C/jcfifera apertkauda Collin, 1927
Chelifcra apenicuuda Colun, 1927: Entomologist's mon. Mag., 63: 95. Type localities: England, Gloucester (Bibury). Oxford {The Parks), Cornwall (Padstow).
Type material. Lectotypc male: England: Cornwall, Padstow, VI 1.1902, leg. C.tJ. Lamb (see "lectotype designation" below, UMO). Paraleclotypes (all in UMO): 2 males, England, Oxon, Oxford University Parks, 11 .V. 1916; I male, England, Oxon, Oxford University Parks, 9.V. 1916, leg. A H. Hamm: 1 male, England, Gloucester, Biburg', 29.V1.1924, leg. A,H, Hamm,
Recugnltion, Middle-sized species, Ic is closely related to C, concmtncauda Collin, 1927, Each dorsal lameUa with short projection at middle above in both species: in C. aperricauda bears a single large blackish spine while in C, conchmicauda is covered by 4-5 thom-like spines,
Redescriptlon. Mak. Body length 3.0-3.3 mm, wing length 3.2-3,5 mm, Uody colouration in general yellowish-brown. Mead yellowish-brown. ,'\ntcnnae and moiithparts yellowish. Thorax yellowish-grey, with two darker thoracic longitudinal stripes. Humeral depression darkened. Wings clear, with distinct blackish stigma, H alleres pale yellowish Legs yellowish. Last two tarsal segnieni.s in all legs blackish. Middle legs notmwlified. Abdomc" brownish-black, laterally yellowish. The T^ segment is completely yellowish. Genitalia with brownish-black dor sal lamellae bearing short prvjjettion at middle above, l,ateral lamellae and hypandrium yellowish. Each lateral lamella with short black spines distally. In dorsal view, dorsal lamellae forming a large almost circular opening with two concave incisions separated by short projection at middie. Both hypandrial processes developed, Ai I VP long, straight, and eonnical, PHYP cur\ ed at apex posteriorly. The species was described and male genitalia figured by Collin (1927, 1961), Female. Body length 3.3-3,5 mm, wing length 3.5-3,7 mm. Tcrminalia eonnicai and selerotized,
Lectotype designation. Described from five males taken in England (Cornwall July 1902; Gloucester 29 June 1924; 3 males taken in Oxford University Parks 9 and 11 May 1916). The first mentioned male laken in ComwalJ, Padstow in ,Iuly 1902 (leg. C,G. Lamb) is herewith designated as lectotypc of Chelifera aperticauda Collin in order to ensure the name's proper and consistent application. It was labelled accordingly in September 1998 in Oxford. All the males mentioned by Co 11. EN (1961) are preserved in UMO, and they are tonspecific. Lectotype and one para lectoiype
TiL^<m<mi[CBl TKHc^ nntl dcsqi]WiLina gTüic: tiu-w C^HJ^rg	spts;ci:s (LJip^™: KurjjiilicbiL-)
(from Oxford University Parks II May 1916) arc deposited in Verrall-Collin Colkctioii (V(7-TYPt 202), Tlie remaining three piiralectotypes an: in General Collection, labelled as identified by Coil in. Jn tlie äeetotype all body parts arc present. Two temales from Oxford University Parksi in UMO (Verrail-Colliii Collcetion and Cieneral Collection) are not syntypes as the species was described from tlie males only (Pont, 1995).
Distribution. Palaearctic. Europe: Great Britain, Belgium, Austria; Poland (Neesiolowski, 1992); Slovenia and Montenegro (Horvat 1990 a. 1995 a). C. aperriaitj^a is a bivoltine species. Adults were collectcd in May, June, July, and in September aitd October.
Additional material (in PMSL}: Slovenia: r Soča, Sveti Urb, Tolmin, 180 m a.s.l,, 8. VI. 1995, 2 males, leg. Sivec; r, Soča, Žaga, Bovec, 350 m a.s.L, 8,Vl.i995, ] male, 2 females, leg. Sivec,
Chetifem continnicauda Coi.i.in, 1927
Cheiiferu concinnicüudu Coi Li>J, 1927: Entomologist's nion. Mag., 63: 95, Type localities: Scotland, Nethy Bndge and Aviemcire,
Hemeriidmmia Dionostigma ZF:TTERSTnDT, 1842: Dipt. Scand., 1:267; not IVTnroKN, tnisident
Hemenutmmia precatoru! Fallen "v ar. b"; Zr.TTFRSTtDr, 1842: Dipt, Sc and., 1: 267.
Hemerodromiü .sligniaiku LuNPBF.CK, 1910: Dip!. Dunica, 3. 233; not ScutNtK, tnisident.
Chdifera lapponicu Frfy, 1950: Notul, ent., 30: K, Type locality: Finland, Tana ,AJv i Ui^ijoki,
Typt materini. Lcctotype male: Sentliind: Elgin, Ntthy Bndge,4.Vin, 1911, leg, J.W Yerbury {see ^'lectutype designation" below, UMO), Paralectotypes {ailinUM0):2 m^les, same data ixs leetotype; 2 males, Scotland, Aviemore, 3.Vni.l9l4, leg, J.E. Collm.
Revogitition, Middle-si/^cd species. The closest relative of"C (jpcriinmeh Coh.fn. In both spet i es male middle legs lacking additional Ihorn-I ike spines.
Itedeseription. Male, Body length 3.5-3.7 mm, wmg length 3,6-3.8, Body colouration m general yellowish-brown. Head brownish. Antennae and mouth parts pale yellowish. Thnrax yellowish, with two indistinct brownish-grey thoracic iongitudinyl stripes. Humeral depression blackish. Wings clear, with small faint brownish stigma. Kälteres pale yellowish. Legs yellowish-brown, Middle legs simple, without modifications, Last tarsal segment in all legs black i si v Abdomen brownish-grey. Last two abdominal si:gmeiits yellowish-grey. Terminalia with large brownish dorsal lamellae, üach dorsal lamella with a small triangular tooth-like projection at about middle (in dorsal view) bearing 4-5 thorn-like spines. Jn lateral view the dorsal lamella appearing slightly excised above towards rounded tip. Lateral lamellae pointed and curvcd up towards dorsal lamellae. Hypandritim small and rounded Both hypandrial processes developed. AliYP with truncate tip, PHY P curved posteriorly near apex. The spceies was described and male genitalia illustiTited by Collin (1927, 1961), Female. Body length 3.6-3.9 mm, wing length 3,7-4.00 mm. Terminal i a connieal and sc]croti2ed.
Lectrttype designation. Described fn:m five males taken in Scotland (three males taken in Elgin, Nethy Bridge 4 Atigusi 1911; two males taken in Aviemore 3 August 1914), One male of the three males taken in Elgin, Nethy Bridge on 4 August 1911 (leg. J.W. Yerbury) is herewith designated as lectotype oi Chelifera concinnkautici Coi.iJN in order to ensure the name's proper and coasistent application. It was labelled accordingly in September 1998 in Oxford. All five males mentioned by Collin (1961) are preserved in Vmall-CoUin Collection (VC-TYPE 201) in UMO, iiitd they are conspecilk. In the lectotype all body parts arc present. One paralcetotypc of the renta in ing four is without abdomen (Elgin, Nethy Bridge 4 August 1911). A mount of the male terminalia evidently belongs to this specimen (Pont, 1995),
Distribution. Palaearctic. Europe; Sweden, Finland, Great Britain, Belgium, Denmark,
SrOP()LIA4«!«);
Genna ny. Czech Republic. Slovakia. France, Asia; Monj^ulia; Pel and (Nk^sjolowski, 1992); Croatia and Montenegro (Horvat, 1990 a), Adults were collected in August and September,
Cheiifera diversicauda Collen, 1927
Cheiifera diversicauiia Collfn, 1927: Entomologist's mon. Mag,, 63: 95, Type localities: England, Hereford, Glamorgan and Brecknock.
Type material. Lectot>pe male: England: Hereford, Stoke Wood, 3.V1E]. 1913, leg. J.E. Collm (see "iectotype designation" below, UMO), Parateetotypes (all in UMO): 4 niaies, sama data as lectotype; I male, England, Brecknock, Llangammarch Wells, 28.V11.1913, leg, J.W. Yerbury; 1 male, England, Pontrilas, 30.V111.1913, leg, J.W. Verbiiry,
Recognition. IV!iddIc-sized species, [t is relative to C, monostigma {Me\gek, 1822) according to bilobed dorsal lamellae in both species. In dorsal view dorsal lamellae medially concave in C. diversicauda while in C monosti^a both inner margins are closely approximated but with distinct distal concavity.
Rede script ion, Male, Body length 3,0-3.3 mm. wing length 3.1-3.4 mm. Body colouration in general yellowish-grey. Head blackish. Antennae yellowish, with brownish style, Mouthparts yellowish. Thorax yellowish, with two distinct darker grey thoracic longitudinal stripes. Humeral depression browitish. Wings clear, with brownish stigma. Halteres light yellowish. Legs yellowish. Middle legs not modified, La,st tarsal segment in all legs blackish. Abdomen bi-ownish-black. Genitalia with large brownish dorsal lamellae. Lateral lamellae and hypandrium yellowish. Each dorsal lamella cxclsed at end, the upper lobe larger and with a black pointed projection on inner side al lip, the lower lobe more rounded. Each lateral lamella with long distal prolongation, the end somewhat hidden beneath dorsal lamella. Hypandrium short and rounded. Both hypandnal processes developed, almost identical in size and shape to those in C. concinnicimda Collin, The species was described and male temilnatia figured byCoLUN (1927, \ 9(A ). Female. Body lengrit 3,2-3.5 mm, wing length 3.3-3.6 mm, Terminalia eonnical and sclerotized.
Lectot>'pe designation. Described from seven males taken in England (five males taken in Hereford, Stoke Wood 3 August 1913; Brecknock, Llangammarch Wells 28 July 1913; Pontrilas 30 August 1913). One male of five males taken in Hereford, Stoke Wood on 3 August 1913 (leg, J.E. Collin) is herewith designated as lectotype of C/if/r^ra diversicuudti Collin in order to ensure the name's proper and consistent application, ft was labelled accordingly in September 199S in Oxford. All seven males mentioned by CoLt in (1961) are preserved in Verrall-Collin Collection (VC-TYPE 199) in UMO, and diey are conspecific. In the lectotype all body parts are present. One paral ectoiype of the remaining six is without abdomen (Pontrilas 30 August 1913, leg, J,W. Yerbury). A mount of the male terminal ia was evidently made from this specimen (Pont 1995).
Djstrihulioti. Palaearetic. Europe: Great Britain, Belgium, Germany, Poland. Adults were found in July and August.
Ckefi/era emeisfianica sp. nov.
Figs. 1-4
Type material. Holotype male: Asia: China-Sichuan: Qingyin Pavilion, Jiiigshui, Emei Shan, Emei Mts., 180 km SW o (Chengdu, 800-1200m a.s.I., 26.-27.V. 1991, leg. Horvat, Sivec. Paratypes: 2 females, same data as holotype. The type materiai is preser\'ed in 75 % ethanol in I'MSL (in the author's study collection in Ljubljana).
Rccognitiim. Large yellowish species, witho^it thoracic longitudinal stripes. It is related to European Gßavellcj (Zl n ürstldt, 1838) according to very similar shape and size of both hypandrial
nciitfs grd diAiiTipci^MisH^f LIK! Ckritfrra M.^CHJL ART ^pcctcM (UIJIIL^JB: EiniiLdidac)
processes. In newly described spccies eaeli dorsal lamella eonsistsof wide distal prolonged lobe and narrower basal part both covered by iliom-like spines. In C.ßaveiiü, each dorsal lamella consists of distal and basal lobes almost identical in size but only basal part bearing a tuft of thorn-like spines,
Description. Male. Body lengili 4.4 inm, wing lengfli 4.6 inm. Body colouration in general yellowish-brown. Head brownisli. Antennae, including style, and mouth pans pale yellowish. Tliora>: yellowish, without thoracic longitudinal stripes. I lumcral depression yellowish-brown. Wings clear, stigma tacking. Hal teres almost whitish, Legs entirely yellowish. Male middle legs, both femora and tibiae, with additional raw^ of sensory bristles and ihorn-Iike spines, lying ventrally. Abdominal segments 1-7 dorsally brownish, laterally and ventrally yellowish. Terminalia (Figs. 1-2) with dorsal and lateral lajiiellae dark brownish, hypandrium light yellowish. Each dorsal lamella with two lolxis. Upper (basal) lobe much narrower and with three strong blackish thorn-like spines situated on its apex. Distal lobe bigger and rounded, distally bearing four prominent teeth. Lateral lamellae triangular, Hypandrium with both hypandrial processes. PHY P very short. AH YP long and distinctly curved posteriorly near apex. Aedeagus membraneous, only slightly selerotized. Female, Body length 4.0-4,4 mm, wing length 4,2-4.6 mm. Similar to male, slightly smaller. Tip of female terminal ia (Figs- 3-4) brownish, not eonnical, with a blunt-type and rounded, less sclerotized, only weakly developed.
Dis f rl Ijü 110 n. Oriental. Asi a: Ch i na (S i ehuan). No add] tiona I records ire a va i labl e. The spec i es was found in May,
Kt^'jnology. The species is named after Emei Shan town located m the area of Eniei Mountains in Siehuan (China).
st-üPOLlA - :(Kß
AHYP

aed
PHYP
. ~ j
1 axjjikümical nuD» ajid	orihi^ [u^ Chi;!f/era A^j^ri^Air Tpvcicä i	Ln^Ldidaf ]
Figs. 1-4. Chelijerti ftneishatiicti sp. nov. HolüLypi: male: 1-nialc tcmiiralia, bleral view: dl-dor^l [aincJla. ll-latcni] binella, liyp-hypaTidriuin; 2-h>pandrium will) acdca^iiü (acd), laterii! view: AHYP-anlenur tiypatitlrial prticcss, PHYP-piistcrior hypnndrial process; female termina Ii 3-lateral view [3), aiici dorsal view (4); s'f'fbdofntnai tergmn g, as8-abtkmiiniil stemum S, at tQ-abdominal lergutn 10, te-tercu».
Chef if era fum ippn/ik Co min , 193 3
ChdiferaJumipawa Coi.i.iN, 1933: Dipt. Pat, S. Chile. 4: 284, Type locality: Chile, Chiloe Island. Ancud.
Type malcrial. Leciotype male; Chile: S, Chile (^Oiilüc Island), Aneuti, 17.-19.X11.1936. ie^;, Edwards (see "lectotype designation" below, BMNH). Paralectotypcs; I female, same data as lectotype (13MNH); 1 female, Chile,Chiloe Island, Castro, XIL1926, leg. R.C, Shannon (USNM),
Recognitit)n. Small species. Il is closely related to New Zealand's C. iantuia Collin, 1928 according to not hyaline, brownish wings without stigma which are characteristic only for group of species occuring in Chile and New Zealand. In Chilean species each dorsal lamella with setnieireulaj excision distaily at tip above. In C. {antuiii eaeh dorsal lamella is simple, oval and without basal and distal lobes, or leaf-shaped.
Redescription. Male. Body length 2.3 mm, wing length 2.4 mm. Body colouration in general brownish-black, sometimes reddish-black. Head blackish, with distinct vertical bristles, Antennae and mouthparts yellowish-brown. Thorax reddish-brown, without thoracic longitudinal stripes. Thoracic microtrichia present. Humeral depression brownish. Wings slightly longer than body length, not clear, brownish, without stigma. Both eel Is BM and DM arc eompletc. Vein M1 at least twice as long as stem MI +2. Hal teres yellowish-brown. Legs reddish. Front femur raptorial, but slightly slender, less thickened than usually in Cheiifera, with a double row of rare shorter and longer strong sensory bristles, thorn-like spines vestigial (all other Chelifera pfjssess a double row
sfopulia - joa:
of distincl sensory bristles, and a double row of distinct thom-like spines). Front tibia without distinct posteroventral spur at tip bcjieath. Middle legs not modified. Abdomen brownish-black. Tenminalia quite small. Each dorsal lamella narrow with tiny semicircular excision at tip above. Dorsal lamellae projecting backwards beyond lateral lamellae. The species was described acid male terminalia figured by Coi lik (1933), Female, Body length 3,0 mm. wing length 3.1 mm. Distinctly bigger than male. Terminalia connical, sclerotized, well-developed, and witfi distinct long terci in dorsal and lateral views.
Lettotype designation. Described from three specimens taken in Chile (one male and one female taken on Chiloe Island, Ancud 17-19 December 1926; one female taken in Chiloc Island, Castro December 1926). All three specimens are con specific. The first mentioned male taken on Chiioe island, Ancud on 17-19 December 1926 (leg. Edwards) is herewith designated as lectotype ofCheliferafumipennis Collin in order to ensure the name's proper and consistent application. It was labelled accordingly in September in BMNH. in the lectotype all body parts are present. The lectotype and female para lectotype from the type locality are deposited in BMNH (VC-TYPE 504). The remaming female para lectotype from Chiloe Island, Castro (leg, R.C. Shannon) which was not examined by mcis preserved in National Museum of Natural History (USNM) in Washington D.C., USA (Pont, 1995),
Distribution. Ncotropieal, Chile (cndemic). No additional records are available. Aduhs were colicctcd in December.
Cheiifetu maikkyi sp nov.
Figs. 5-7
Typt m a tf rial, Holotype male: Asia: Thailand: Dot fnthaiton National Park, 21 t)Oni a. s J., (i-lV,1993, leg, Horvat, Sivec. Paratypes: 5 females, same data as holotype. The type material is preserved in 75 % ethanol in PMS L (in the author's study collection in Ljubljana),
Recognition. Middle-sized .species. Closely related tt> C. stigpmtica (Sciü^eh, 1862). Each dorsal lamella in newly described spccies trapezoid, heavily bristled, medially with two strong teeth on its inner margin. In C. stigmatica each dorsal lamella bilobed, with large, broad basal lobe covercd with 5-K blacki.sh teeth, and narrow fingcr-like prolonged distal lobe covered only with bristles.
Description. Male. Body length 3.H mm, wing length 3.9 mm. Body coiouration in general dark yellowish. Head blackish. Antennae and mouthparts yellowish. Thorax dark yellowish, with two brownish thoracic longitudinal stripes. Humeral depression brownish. Wings dear. Brownish wing stigma present. Halteres pale yellowish. Legs yellowish, front pair raptorial, posterior four simple and slender. Last tarsal segment in all legs brownish. Middle legs without additional sensory bristles and thorn-like spines, not modified. Abdomen yellowish-brown. Terminalia t Figs. 5-7) with brownish dorsal lamellae. Lateral lamellae and hypandrium dark yellowish. Each doml lamella large, trapezoid in lateral view, with two strong blackish teeth located on its inner margin in dorsal view. Distally dorsal lamellae are distinctly curved inwards. Lateral lamellae with long and narrow distal pralongation, Hypandrium with both hypandrial processes. AHYP long, slender, straight, sharply curved posteriorly near apex, PHY P much shorter and thicker, Acdcagus membraneous, weakly scleroti^eil. Female. Body length 3,8-4.0 mm, wing length 3,9-4.1 mm. Similar to male, but slightly bigger. Terminalia connical and sclerotiMd,
Distribution, Oriental. Asia: Thailand. No additional records are available. Adults were collected in April.
Derive tin no minis. The species is named in honour of the famous entomologist Dr. Hans
Tfiunciriiicflt imilcn uilU iJeK-TiptiotKofihe nuiv	UAcqLAirrs^Mci^ (^iptera: iriupuliilai?)
Malicky from Luiiz am See in Austria, for his permanent donation of numerous enipidids from his field investigations in Asia anif Europe,
SCOh)l.lA4JI 2002
Fi^s, 5-7. Chelifera nmiickys sp. nuv. Hololvpe male; S-nwle terminalia, lateral view, 6-iiypandriijm und uedeagus, lateral view, 7-tiiale renninalia, durssii view.
Cheüfera omamen fa sp. tiov.
Hgs. Ä-11
IVpe material. Hylolype male: Asia: China-Sichuan: Valley of the Heroes, Yingxiojiggou. Wolong, 9-20 km W of Sauwan (between two bridges), 2000-250()tn a,s,l., 5,-6.VM leg. Horvat, Sivec. Paratypes; 2 males, 7 females, same data as holotypc. The lype material is prescrval in 75 % ethanef in PMSL (in ihc author's study collection in Ljubljana).
Recognition. Medium-sized to large species, Considering the general concoiorous dark brownish colouration of thorax, without thoracic longitudinal siripes, and the absence of wing stigma as well as modifications of fore and middle legs, C. oi mtnenta sp. nov, is closely related to C c:f]valui Wagner, I9S4 wtiieh occurs in Central Asia (Uzbekistan. Kirghizia) and North America (MacDonald, 1994), and to Nearctic C. mam Lavallee, 1975 and C. varix M^:la^di^r, 1947.
Description. Male. Body length 3.4-3.8 mm, wing iength 3,7-4.Ü mni. Thoracic colouration in general dark brownish with blackish tinge, concolorous, without thoracic longitudinal stripes. Head and eyes blackish, Postoailar bristles present. Mouthparts short, yellowish. Antennae yellowish, but di s tally brownish. Thorax dark brownish with blackish tinge. I pair of prealar bristles, [ pair ofintra-alar bristles. Sc utel i urn with I pair of scutel I ar bristles. Humeral depre-ssion brownish-black. Wings dear, without distinct stigma, only with faint light brownish ''spot". Vein Ml approx. twice longer than stem IVI i+2. Halteres light yellowish. Legs in general yellowish. Last three tarsal segments in all legs brownish. Front and middle legs in males raptorial and modified, hind legs simple, slender, and unmodified, Male front femur wide and shon, with several specific brownish-black transversal patches or ornaments: four patches on the outer surface of the front femur, and three patches on its inner surface. Front femur vcntrally with a double row of short strong blackish thorns, and outside a double line of long sensoiy bristles, Male front tibia
TdADnnmicdl niil^;^ Li4i(iilvicvi|ilicill üfljic [HU Clidißyu hrtu ijLMt ^{HfbdH rUifKLi^: Kni|>iJkd»:h
with a narrow brownish-black longitudinal stripe on its outer surfacc. Male tniddk femora and tibiae with additional rows of sensory bristles and blackish tliom-like spines, Male middle femur much stronger than that of the hind ie^^s. Male middle tibia vcntraMy with specific distinct cavity or incurvation located on its second ha i f caudal I y. The posterior margin of the ]iiiddle tibia coveni;d with numerous blackish slion tiwra-iike spines. Abdomiiial tergites brownish, stemites light bro wn i sh. Termi nalia(Figs.8-l1) relat ivelysrrallin compari son wi th th e size of body. A11 gen itai lamellae dark brownish. Dorsal lamellae s i id pie, oval, without lobes or leaf-shaped, medially covered with numerous blackisli tlioni-like spines or teeth. Lateral lamellae with distinctly bristled distal prolongation, Hypandriujn even larger than dorsal or lateral lamellae, AHYP paired, long and slightly S-shaped. PI lYP very short and thick, Aedcagus distinct, with numerous long blackish spines on its membraneous apex. Female. Body length 3.9-4.4 nun, wing length 4.0-4.4 mm. Similar to male, without specific dark patches on front femora, also middle femora unmodified, and middle tibiae without specific cavity. Terminfilia conn ic a I, sclerotized, wcll-developed-
Distribuftoii. Palaearctie, Asia; China (Sichuan). No additional records are available. The species was found in June.
Etymolijgj', The species is named according to specific ornaments or patches located on front femora.
!VrOP™.]A 4fi - Jfflfi
TjluiiHiiiijeal in ins niMl dneripilljm iif ihf im«- Chtl'fmi iniii irH|it{i»; Finpiilidajj
ä'igs. S-l 1. Chelifera oi-nament« sp. nuv. iloloiypc male: B-inale terminalia. lateral view, S-inalc tcrmljialiil, dunial view, ]0-ltiner side of ttu; nghi dorsal lannella, lateral i'k'w. I l-hypandriiirn and aedMgjs, kieral view.
Ch elifera pectinicauda Cüll i n, 192 7
Chelifera peainicauda Collin, 1927: Entomologist's tnün. Mag., 63: 95, Type localities: England, Sutherland, fnvemess, Oxford, Shropshire, Hcrefordihire,
Jype material. Lectotype maJer England: Loch Assytit, 11.V1.1911, leg, J,W. Yerbury (see "lectotype designation" below, LIMO). Paralectoiypes(a]l in UMÜ): 1 male, England, Sutherland, Golspie, 3ti.Vl!.l9l4, leg. J.E. ColJin; 1 male. England, Hereford, Deverctix. S.VI1,1909. leg. J.E. Collin; 1 male, England, Oxon, Oxford Bayswater, 15,VI1,1916, leg. A.H. Hamm.
Recognition. Small to medium-sized species, similar to C. aiigiixici Collin, It is charaetcrized by wide trapezoid truncate basai lobe eovered posteriorly with teeth, and narrow finger-like distal prolongation, both pans of each dorsal lamelJa
ttedescrlptioii. Male. Body length 2.7-2.9 mm, wing length 2.8-3,0 mm. Body colouration in general yellowish. Head greyish. Antennae and mouthparts pale yelluwish. Thonix yellowish, with two dark thoracic longitudinal stripes. Humeral depression yellowish. Wings dear, with a

dark bnnvfvpsh strgmü. One xpsciinän wirhoüt trOisveiii dpvi-Ctt, d/scaJ cd) DM opened apiaiüy tin one wing, [la I teres yellowish. Legs as in C, anguala. Male middle femur wilh a row of minute blai;kisli thorn-1 ike spines or '"points", about 8-12 in number, situated just bey und middle. Male middle ritaia with a row of blackish thorn-like hairs beneath before middle. Both rows are lying anteriorly. Last tarsal segment in all iegs blackish. Abdomen greyisli. Abdominal tergum S yellowish. Genitalia with brownish dorsal and lateral lamellae. Each dorsal lamella with two lobes. Basal lobe widening out, tniiicaie nt end and covered with 8-10 strong teeth^ distal finger-likc prolongation naiTow and only bristled. Both hypandrial processes developed. A HYP long and narmw, straight and slightly S-shaped. PHY P much shorter. The species was describetl and male genitalia illu_strated by Collin (1927, ]%1). Female. Body [ength 3.Ü-3.3 mm. wing length 3.1-3.4 mm. Middle legs in females not modified, without distinctive blackish spines as in males. Abdomen yellowish with a narrow bniwnish band at base of each tergum. Terminalia comiical.
Lcctütypc designation. Destribed from five males taken in England. 1 chccked four male syntypes, which are deposited in VeTrall-CoHiii Collection (VC-TYPE 204) in UMO(Loch Assynt ] 1 June 1911; Sutherland, Golspie 30 July 1914; Hereford. Devereux S July 1909; Oxon. Oxford Bayswater 15 July 1916). The first mentioned male taken in Loch Assynt on 11 June 1911 (leg J.W, Yerbur>') is herewith designated as lectotype of Chctijeia peciimcaitdu Collin in order to ensure the name's proper and consistent applieaticiii, ft was labelled accordmgly in September 199S in Oxford. All four males arc eonspecific. In the lectotype all body parts are present. The paralectoty pe ta ken in Sutherl a nd. ti o I s p i e on 3 0 Ju ly 1914 (leg. J. E. C o 11 i n) h as no head an d hi nd legs. In rhe paralectotypc taken in Hereford, Devereu.^ on S July 1909 (leg. J.E. Collin) there is no head, and only two iegs and one wing are present on the body. I did not check male syntype taken in Oxford Hog ley Bog on 11 July 1914 (leg. A.H. Hamm) which deposited in General Collection in UMO, There are additional syntypes located in BMNH mentioned by Pont (1995), which I did not exam j II. It's a question if they are conspccific with the lectotype of C p^ctinicauda.
DistribiifIon. Palaearctic. Europe: Great Britain, France, Poland, Slovakia, Serbia (Horvat, 1990 a), and Macedonia (Hgjiv.a.t, 1997). Adults were collected in June, July, and August,
Additit}nal material (in PMSL): Macedonia; Gomo Begovo, spring in Begovo Pole field (E part), Jakupica Mts., 1950 m a.s.i., S.VIi.l996, 1 male, 2 females, leg. Hon-at.
C'heliferu pti'ciihuti Co L. I. LM, 1961
Chelifera pj-ecahuiida Coi.! !N, 1961; British Flies, 6: 701. Type localities: England. Devon (Southleigh), Hereford (Dtvereaux Pool), Sussex (Frant), Cambs (Chippenham Hen), Perth (Aberfoyie and Loch Tummel), Atgyll (Isle of Jura), and Cromarty (Dingwall),
Type material, Lectotype mate: Englaitd: Cambs, Chippenham Fen, 22.Vni.1949, leg. J.L. Collin (see "lectotype designation" below, UMO). Paralectotypes (all in UMO): 2 males, satne locality as lectotype, 3.1X.I949 and 6,1X.1949; 1 male, Devon, Southleigh, IS,V.I937, teg. J.l£. Collin; 3 males, 1 fetnale, Hereford, Devereux, &.VIJ.1909, leg. J,E. CoJlin; J male,Susses, l-rant. 14.V1.1S^H6. leg. G.H. Verrall; 1 male. Loch Tummel, 29.VL1937, leg, J.E. Collin; 1 female, Penh, Aberfoyie, S.1X.1905, leg. Carter; 1 female, Argyll, Jura Island, iX.1907, teg. Waterston, Recognition, Big species, closely related to C precaioriu (Fallen, 1816) and C. wagmri HoitvAT, 1990. Male terminalia resembling those of C precatmiu It differs by distinct median incision covered with spines of each dorsal lamella (in dorsal view), while in C. pi-ecuioria dorsa! Jameliaeare closely approximated, without incisions,
Redescriptiwn. Male. Body length 4.0-4.4 mm, wing length 4.1 -4,5 mm. Body colouration in general blackish, abdomen brownish-black. Head blackish. Mothparts and antennae yellowish.
TiiypLimitaL notes and d«crip[Loikiof"<hc neu ^ Aeijfrju Wy,i:<3{jAFirspLi:ieB (Diptcra: Eimpididach
Third antenna I segment, itiduding style, yellowish. Ttiorax reddisli-blacL without thoracic longitudinal stripes, Humeral depression reddish-black. Wings clear, with brownish-biack semicircular stigma, and with i ad la I vein slightly curved downwards and round stigma, llatteres pale yellowish. Legs yellowish. Last two tarsal segments in middle and hind legs brownish. Middle legs not modified. Tcrminalia with brownish dorsal lamellae, which are somewhat wider towards end in lateral view. Lach dorsal lamella in dorsa! view with a more pvoncmnced projeetioii on middle of upper mai^in covered with thom-like spines, Lateral lamellae and hypandrium yellowish. Both hypandrial pioeesses developed, AHYP long, straight. PllYP is slightly shorter, and oriented posteriorly. Aedeagus distinetlysclcrotizedbut with mcmbraneoiis apex. The species was described and male tenninalia illustrated by Colljm (j 961). Female. Body length 4.2-4.6 mm, wing length 4.3-4,7 mm. Terminiilia narrow, long, eonnical, selcrotizcd, well-developtd,
Leetotvpe designation. DcsL-ribed from nine males and three females taken in England (three males taken in Cainbs, Chippenham Fen 22 August 1949,3 September 1949,6 September 1949; one male taken in Devon, Soutbteigh 18 May 1937; three males and one female taken in Hereford, Devereux S July 1909; one male taken in Sussex, Frani 14 June 1 KH6; one male taken in Loch Tuinmcl 29 June 1937; one fernaie taken in Perth, Aberfoyte 8 September 1905, one female taken in Argyll, Jura Island September 1007). The male taken in Cambs, Chippenham Fen on 22 Atigust 1949 (leg. J.E. Collin) is herewith designated as leetotype of CheMfem pi-ecabumia Coi-hn in order to ensuie tjie name's pnoper and consistent application. It was labelled accordingly m September 199 S in Oxford. The leetotype and all para leetotype s (both males and females) are deposited in Verrall-Coilin Collection (VC-TYPE 831) in UMO, an«.! they are tonspedfic.
Distribution. Palaearctic. Europe: Great Britain, Belgium, Gennany, Poland, Hungary, Spain, Francc. Bulgaria; Gcorgia-Caucasus (Joost, 1981); Slovenia. Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia (Hohvat. 1990 a, 1995 a), Bosnia & Herzegovina {Horvat, 1990 a, 1993), and Macedonia (Hokvat, 1990 a, 1995 b. 1997). New to the fauna of Grcece. Adults were collected from April to October.
Additional material (in PMSL): Slovenia: r. Drtijščica, Gradišče, Lukovica, 360 m a.s.L, 4.VI. 1996, 10 ntalcs, 8 females, leg, Sivec; r, Drtijščica, Prikrnica, Moravče, 350 m a.s.l,, 10. IX. 1996, 2 ntales, 1 female, leg, Horvat; r Peskovski potok, Peskovci, Gornji Petrove i, 250 m a,s.l., 17, V. 1996, 1 male, leg. Horvat. Maccdania: tjomo Begovo, spring in 13cgovo Pole field (!i part), Jakupica Mts,, !950 m a.s.I,, 8.VIL 1996. I female, leg. Horvat; stream 3 km S of Aldinci. Karadica Mts.. Dračevo, 1225 m a.s.L, 7,VI 1.1996. 7 males, 5 i'emales, icg. Horvat, Creece: Greek Macedonia, 9 km W of Fiorina, 26.1X.19HS, I male, 2 females, leg. Horvat, Sivec; Epiros, Metsovo, Katara Pass, LX.19S8, 1 male, leg, Horvat, Sivec; Peloponnisos, r, Krathis. 7 km N of Peristera, 22.1V. 1990, 1 male, leg. Horvat, Sivec.
Chelifera aerralkaiiiia Enoel, 1939 Figs. 12-15
Chelifera serraticaudd Enuel, 1939: Fliegen der Pal, Reg., 28. Empididae.4(4): 125. Type locality; Austria, Nord-Tirol, Stanscr Aim,
Chelifera serraticauda meridkmalis Vaellant, 1981: Bonn. kooI. Beiir., 32: 373. Tjpe locality: France, bame val lee de Vesubie, Alpes mcridionales. IX EW SYNONYM
Type material. Holotype male (NMW): Austria: "Nord-Tirol, Stanser Aim, 10.8.28, leg. Zemy" (first label under the specimen); "Type''(second label-red coloured); ""Chelifera sermticamla n,sp.. Dr. Engel det. 1939" (the third label), TJien come macerated male genitalia stored in plastic mierovial with glycerine (prepared by J3r R. Wagner, Schlitz). The holotype male is in excellent condition, only icftbind tibia with tarsomeres lacking, Cheiiferiiserruikmidameridiunalis Vaill.-\nt
st UJIJLIA - lim
(Hülotype male-micrüscopic slide with male lemiinalia, 2FMK).
Synonymy. Chelifara serruticauda meridionalis was described by Vaillamt (19Ü1: 373) as a subspcdes of C. nerraticaitdo Enüfl. The reuetit e»caitiination of VaiUant's male type speeimen from Francc (haute val lee de Veüubie, Alpes ineridionales) whith is lücat^id in ZFMK and eoniparisfin with my diagnosis of C serratkauda holotype male prepared during visit of NMW, the shape and murphologieai characters of both male tenniiialia as well as comparison with fine drawings of the genitalia given by V^mllani (1981), clarified and proved that it becomes a junior synoitym of C serraiicauda Enöel.
Recognition, Middle-sized species, characterized by ''serrate" dorsal lamellae covered medially by two rows of strong .small blackish teeth. Closely related to C astigma Con in, 1927 and C. tkäicä sp. nov,
Redescript ion. Male. Body lengdi 3.5 itiin, wing length 3.6 mm. Body colouration in general yellowish, except blackish head and eyes. Mouthparts and antennae yellowish. Thorax yellowiish with orange tinge, without thoracic longitudinal stripes, Chaetotaxy: 1 pair of prealar bristles, I pair of inlra-alar bristles, and a pair of short scute liar bristles. Humeral depression yellowish-brown. Wings clear, without stigma. Cell DM complete. Kälteres yellowish. Legs yellowish. Last three tarsal segments light brownish. Middle legs simple, not modified. Abdomen brownish. Tenninalia (Figs. 12-15) with dark brownish leaf-shaped doreal lamellae without lobes, medially covered with two rows of strong blackish thom-like spines. Lateral lamellae and hypandrium yeUowish-brown. Hypandrium small, with long and straight AHYR PHYP almost (^mapparent. Aedcagus membraneous and weakly selerotized. The specie.s was düseribed and male genitalia figured by Encill (1939). Female. Slightly bigger than male, Tenriinalia not connieal. less selerotized, rounded,
Distrlhutiim. Pakearctic. Europe: Austria, Switzeriand (the Alps), France (the Alps). Adults were collected in August,
TaitCifttirtlii;^! nüks JikJ dcj^ril^LOfbrifltm ricw L'JifiSffvyi	(DlprfCfJ: Fmpidlducj
13
15
Figs, 12-15, Chetijciv atrraikai'cla Em.™., HülutjTje male: 12-ina[e itrminali;!. Ialjcra[ view. 13-nmle terminalia, dur&al view, 14-in[lcr side uf iht ri^ht dorsal lümdla, Jfi[t;riil view. IS-lij-pandrium and Hcdcagjs, lalcmi view.
SCÜPOLtA ^S - 2M2
Chetifera \uhat})^usta coi.i in. ] 961
Cheiifera suhangmla Collin, 1961: British Flies, 6: 708. Type localities: Northern Wales; ScoUaraJ, Njim; England, Cu.wp Dingle near Hay, Herefordshire.
'J'ypc tu a ter ia I. Lcctotype male: Northeni Wales: Merioneth. Harlech, 20, VI, 1955, leg, C.H. Andrew es (sec "Icctotypc designation" below, UMÜ). Paralcctotypes (all in BMNH): 1 male. Northern Waleü, Macmwrog. 26.V!. i '}55, Jeg. CR Andrewesi I male, Sontland, Inverness, Nairn, 19.vn. 1909, leg. J J.F.X. Kmg; I male, Englmd.Cusop Dingle, Hay, Herefordshire, 26.Vni.l 913. leg. J.H. Wuod.
RecugTlition. Medium-sized speci cs, closely related to C angusia Collin aecording to the shape of dorsal lamellae.
Description. Male. Body length 3.2-3.3 mm, wing length 3.4-3.5 mm. Body colouration in general yellowish-grey. Head blackish. Mouth parts and antennae yellowish. Thorax yeilowish-grey, with two indistinct greyish thoracic longitudinal stripes. Humeral depression yellowish-brown. Wings clear, with brownish stigma. 11 altere s pale yellowish. Legs yellowish. Last tarsal segment in all legs brownish. Male middle femur with a row of 11-12, in some specimens S-12 tiny blackish t horn-like spines beneath before tniddle, lying ventral ly. Male middle tibia with a row of blackish bristles beneath middle, lying ventrally. Hind legs simple and slender Abdomen with darker brownish tcrgites 1-5, the remainder arc yellowish, Terminalia w ith brownish narrow doriial lamellae slightly broader than in C unguaUt- Lateral lamellae less truncate and broad, Both hypandrial processes pre,') en t, A HYP sttaight, slightly curved anteriorly, and spiiie-lrke, P HYP more complicated, longer, biisally thicker, with posteriorly and downwards oneitted short process at its middle, and hardly curved posterioriy at apex. The species was described and male tcnninaüa illustrated by Colun (1961). Female. Body length 3.4-3.5 mm. wing length 3.6-3.7 mm. Tenninalia connical. well-developed.
Lcctotype desif^nation. Described from four males taken in Northern Wales (Merioneth, Harlech 20 June 1955; Maentwrog 26 June 1955), Scotland (Inverness, Nairn July 1909), and England (Cusop Dtngle, Hay, Herefordshire 26 August 1913). The first mentioned male taken in Merioneth, Harlech on 20 June 1955 (leg. C ,ll, Andrewcs) is herewith designated as lectotype of Chelifera subtingtista Collin in order to ensure the name's proper and consistent application. It was labelled accordingly in September 1998 in Oxford. Lectotype is preserved in Verrall-Collin Collection (VC-TYPL 832) in UMO. The remaining three paralcctotypes are con spec i fie with the lectoiypc, and they are deposited in BMNH. In the lectotype the abdomen with genitalia is separated on a mount pinned alongside the rest of the body,
Distriltution. Palaearctic, Europe: Gi^at Britain. Belgium, Genrtany, Poland. Czech Republic, New to the fauna of Slovenia. Adults were coliectcd from May to September.
.Additional material (in PMSL): Slovenia: r, Drtijščica, Vinjc, Moravče, 3&Ü nt a.s.l., 22,V.)996, I Jiiate, leg. Horvat; r. DrtiJS^ica. Vinje, Moravče, 36Dm a.s.J., 27.VIIJ.1996, 1 male, 1 female, leg, Sivce; r. Drtijscica, Prikmica, MonivCe, 350 m a.s.l., 10,IX.1996, 1 male, leg. Hor\'at,
Ckelifera tan tu la CoLLtN, 1928
Chelijera uintula Collin, 1928: 43. Type locality: New Zealand, O ha kune.
Type material. Lectotype mate: New Zealand: t)hakune, XI,1922 (see "Icctotypc designation" below, BMNH). Paraleetotype.s (in BMNH): 1 male, same data as lectotype; 4 females, same locality as lectotype, I .-14.Xll.1922; 1 female, same locality as Icctotypc, 111.1923, leg. T.R. 1 larris.
Tiih^ihmiiil-flL nijlcr jn^l dfficriptiaisuKtltcrgw C^i^/iJtTjj M^i-mjahr hi^lnl-^ <nij>lcrn. hmpidida^]
Recognition. Small spccies, with brownish wings shorter than body loiigth. It is relative to C fimipcnnh Collin (from Chile), and to species which occur in New Zealand, C. npicata Cole.in, 1928, C. fimtiiialis Miller, 192.1, C. tadia Collin, 1928.
Red esc rip t ion. Maic. Body length 2.6-2.7 inm. wing length 2.5-2,6 mm. Body coiourafion in general brownish-bbck. abdomen blackish. Head blackish, Antennae and iiriouthpam light brownish. Antennal style brownish, longer than basa! flagdlomere. A pair oCocellar bristles and pair of vertical bristles present. Thorax brownish, without thoracic lorgitndind stripes. Humeral depression darkened. Wings not clear, almost brownish (as in C, fwnipcnms), without stigma. Vein Ml at least twice as long as stem Ml i 2, Hal teres yellowish. Legs light brownish. Front femora with a double row of minute blackish thorns ventrally beneath before middle as in all known Chelifem species except C j'umipennis. Middle legs not modified. Tarsal segments in all legs brownish. Genitalia small in comparison witli the entire body. Each dorsal laindla simple, oval, without basal and distal lobes, or leaf-sbapcd, Lateral lamellae basally narrow with broad truncate distal prolongation, Hypandriutn and hy pand rial processes small. The spei;ies was described and figured by Coj lin (1928). Fem ale. Body length 2,7-2. K mm, wing length 2.6-2,7 mm. Terminal ia connical and well-developed, 1 meralIy compressed, ending in two narrow scleroti^ed aImust blackish cerci.
Lectotype designatinn. Described from seven specimens taken in Zealand (two males taken in Ohakune November 1922; four females taken in Obakune 1-14 December 1922; 1 female taken in Ohakune March 1923), The first mentioned male taken in Ohakune in November 1922 is herewith designated as iectotype aXCheiifera tanJuht Collin in order to ensure the name's proper and consistent appJication. ft was labelled by the authoracconiJingiy in September 1998 in Oxford. The lectotype and the remaining six paralectotypes are preserved in BMNH (VC-TYPE 250), and they are conspecific. In the Icctotype all body parts are present. In paralectotype male taken in Ohakune in November 1922 one wing is missing.
Distribution. Austral-Oceanian. New Zealand. No additional records are available. This species is present from early to late summer (November to March),
Cheliferu tltaira sp. nov,
Fiks. 16-19
Type material. Holotype male; Asia: Thailand: Qoi Pui National Park, IS km W of Chiang Mai, 2K.II[.1993, leg, Horvat, Sivec, Holotype is preserved in 75 % cthanol in PMSL fin the author's .study collection in Ljubljana),
Recognition. Small species, closoly related to C. serraticauda Encf-l according to lack of thoracic longitudinal stripes, no wing stigma and no prominent vestititre in middle legs in both species, In newly described species each dorsal lamella medially with a row of 6 strong thom-like teeth, and with a single blackish tooth distally (in dorsal view).
De sc rip till II, Male. Body length 3,0 mm, wing length 3.2 mn^. Body colouration in geneml yellowish, abdon^en light brownish. Head blackish, Antennae, including style, and mouthparts pale yellowish, Tl7orax yellowish, without thoracic longitudinal stripes, I luineral depression light brownish. Tliomcic chaetotaxy poor as usually in Chelijera. Wings clear, stigma lacking, Crossvein dm-Cu present, discal ceil DM complete. Hal teres almost whitish. Legs yellowish. Middle and hind legs without additional sensory bristles or thom-like Spines, simple and slender. Last two tarsal segments in all legs brownish. Tcmiinalia (Figs. 16-19) light brownish. Dorsal lamellae narrow, with a row of 6 distinct thorn-like spines at middle. In dorsal view lamellae not concave. On distal part of each dorsal lamella a strong prominent tooth-like spine is present (in dorsal
sc'üPOLiA ^s - :(io:
view). Lateral lamellae simple, distally bristled, with distinct distal prolongation apically bearing strong short bristles. Hypandrium small, rounded, weakly bristled. AHYP paired, very thin and long, connical, slightly curved anteriorly. PHY P almost unapparent. Female. Unknown,
Distribution. Oriental. Asia: Thailand. No additional records are available. The species was found in March.
Etymology. The species has been named after the Asian state where it was found.
f//W //
16

TaXfiniirnirtI nofcs imd JcsferipHMjrctjflhc rKW C^pj'jJih^ M/,CT3UAar¥pttifs1I>i|itcra: FJnpwiidae]
19
Figs. Ifi-I?. Cheli/cra lhaica sp. nov. lloloEype iiiale: lb-male temiiralia, lateral view, 1 7-inrcT side uf the tight dorsal lijmdia. lareml view, I S-hypandrium ard aodeajSJS, lalefal view, llJ-miili; lormiralia, dorsai view.
Acktiowledgmente
I am indebted to Dr. Ruth Contreras-Lichtenberg of Naiurhistorisuhes Museum Wien, Dr. Adrian C. Pont of University Museum Oxford, Dr. Nigel Wyatt ofBriti^ih Museum (Natural Histoiy), and Dr. Hans Ulrich of Zoo logisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig for being given the possibility to study type material from their collections in Vienna, Oxford. London and Bonn, I am very much indebted to Dr. Milan Chv^la for his critical toniments and advice during supervising my postgraduate study art harlcs University in Pmgijc. The present study was partially supported by the Austrian Science and Research Liaison Officc Ljubljana. I would like to thank my eolleague Dr, [gnac Sivec who joined me in the field work in Asia and the Balkans, and my colleague Qr. Tomi Tri lav foT his review of the previous manuscript of this paper.
SCOPOL 1(^45-2W1I
Kcfcrcnces
CiivÄi a, M. & K, Wagner, 1989: Family Empididae. - In: Catalogue of Palacarctic Diptera (ed.
by A. Soüs & L. ?app), 6: 228^336. Coi.LiN, J.E., 1927: Notes or the Ernpädidae (Diptera), with additions and corrections to the British
list. - Ent. Mo. Mag., 63: 93-98. Collin, J.E., 1928: New Zealand Empididac based on material in the British Museum (Natural
History). - viii+110 pp., 27 figs., Dritish Musetim (Natural History), London. Collen, J.E., 1933: Hinpididac, - Diptcra of Patagonia and South Chile, 4: viii+334 pp., 74 figs.,
British Museum {Natural History), London, Collie, J.E., 1961: Empididae. - In: British Flies, Vol. 6, University Press Cambridge, 782 pp, Esf^EL, 19?9: Empididae. - In: Die Fliegen der Palaeark tisch en Region (ed- by E, Lindner,
1938-1940), IV(4), 192 pp., Xlll Taf., Stuttgart, Hoe^vat, B, 1990 a: Aquatic; Dance Fhes of the Subfamily Hemerodrotniinae {Diptera, Empididae)
in Yugoslavia. - Scopolla, 20: 1-27, Hoi^vat, B., 1990 b: Chelifera wagneri sp. nov, (Diptera, Empididae: Hemerodromiinae) from
Macedonia (Yugoslavia), - Aquatic Insects, 12(4); 219-221, HofiLVAT, B, 1993: Aquatic Empididae Fauna {Diptera) in Bosnia and flerzegovina, - Scopol i a, 2R', 1-25.
HoitvAT, ß., 1995 a: Checklist of the aquatic Empididae recorded from Slovenia, with the description
of one new species (Diptera), - Acta cntom. slovcnica, 3( 1): 25-35, HoflVAT, B., 1995 b: Aquatic Einpididae Fauna (Diptera) in Macedonia. - Acta Mus. maccd. sei.
nat., 19(6/159): 147-170. Horvai, B., 1997: New records of aquatic Empididae (Diptera) from Macedonia. - Studia
dipterologica, 4(2): 489-494. Joost, W., 1981: Beitrag 7:ur Kenntnis der Hemerodroniiinae des Kaukasus (1) (Diptera, Empididae).
-	Reichenbachia. 19(31): 183-191.
Lavallee, a.G., 1975: NewNearctic Chclifera (Diptera; Empididae). - J, Georgia En to mo I, Soc., 10: 95-98.
MacDonald, J.F,, 1994: Review of the Nearctic species of the genus Chelijera MAtouAftT (Diptera:
Empididae; Henierodromiinae), - Proc, Entomol. Soc. Wash., %(2); 236-275, Mklandkr, A.L., 1928: Dipteru. Fani. Empididae. Fasc. 185(1927), 434 pp„ Spls.- In: Wytsman
P. (ed.): Genera Inscctorum, Bruxellcs. M^i.ANDER, A.L., 1947: Synopsis of the Hemerodromiinac (Diptera, Empididae). - J. New Yoric
Entomol, Soc., S5(4): 237-274, Miller, D., 1923: Material for a Monograph on the Diptera Fauna of New Zealand: Ill-Fainily
Empididae. - Trans. N Z. Inst,, 54; 437^64, Wellington. Niestolowski, S,, 19M6: Two new species of Kemerodroitiiinae from Poland (Diptera, Empididae),
-	Entomofauna, 7(24): 349-356.
Nii-SIOLOWSK], S., 1992: Empididae aquatica. Wodnc v^jkowate (Insecta: Diptera). - Fauna Pol ski,
14: 1-128, Polska akademia nauk, Warszawa. PoKr, A.C., 1995: The Type-Material of Diptera (Insecta) described by G.H. Verrall and J.E.
Collin, - (Ixford University Museum Publication, 3: 1-223. Vaillant, f., 1: Diptercs Empididae Hemerodromiinae nouvcaux ou peu eonnus de la region palearelique (premiere partic). - Bonn. zool. Beitr,. 32(3-4): 351-4ÜS.
laiüiHimicaS noccs aiiüdi.'scnipchJiK oflhk! ntJiv {"htSiJt^ra MAi'qc.sitTsjwcicH (Diptera: Empidulatr)
Vaii.i.an-|, f. & M, Chväla, 1973: Empididae Memerodromiinae from Spain (Insecla, Diptera). -Steenstrupiü, 3: 57-64, Coper hague.
Vaii-1.ant, f. & J. gagnßuk. 199S: The Dipteni En^pididae l }emerodronni inae from Western Algeria and the Middle Atlas of Morocco, - Arnales de la Soc. Ei^t. de France fN.S.), 34(4); 365^384.
Yang Dimg & Yanc! CnhKUN, 1995; Diptera; Empididae. - In: Insects of Baishan^u Mountain, Eastern China, pp. 499-509 (in Chinese).
Waüner, R„ 1984 a; Notes on Empididae (3). Description tif Chelijera siveci sp. nov. - Aquatic Insects, 244.
Wagner, R., 1984 b; Neue und seltene palaadftische Tanzfliegen (Diptera, Empididae). - Acta ent. bohemosbv., 81:458-464.
Wagnhr, R., 1997: Diptera Empididae, Dance Flies, - In: Aquatic Insects of North Europe (ed. by A,N. Nilssün), Vol. 2, pp. 333-344, Stenstnip.
WAGNtR, R. & S, Niesiolowski, 1Q87: Zwei neue C/i^/i/e™-Arten ans der/Je: vW/fl-Gnippe (Diptera. Empididae). -Nachrßl, bayer. Ent., 36(4): 109-112.
5aJPO].l/\ iH ■ 211(12
Apficiidix
A cliecklist of tlic world CheUfem spccies
{A(3 = Austral-Oceanian. H " Hularctit, N = Nearcn'c, NT = Neotropical, O = Oriental. P = Palaoarclic):
C alpina Vaillant, 1981: P	C
C. angusta Collin, 1927: P	C.
C. aperticnudii Coli.im. ! 927; P	C.
C. apicüta Collin, 192H: ao	C\
C. 1927; P	C
C. hanks! MbLANDtk, 1947: N	C
C. büibitrica Vaillant, 1981: P	C
C. bUiciitci MacDonald, 1994: N	C.
C cutiga Lavali.fr, 1975; n	C
c, c/ii^fif/ni wagnlr, 19si4;h	c
C circinata Mai Donald. 1994; N	C.
C cirra fa Mt: L A N Dtit, 1947: N	C
C, cot^dnnicauda Collin, 1927: P	C,
c. corsicami Vaillant, i i: p	C.
C. defecta (Lokw, 1862): n	c
c iUvemcanda coi i.in, 1927: p	C.
C. (;tnei!;hank:a sp. nov,: o	c
c ensifera mliandek, 1947: n	c
c fJa vellti (zettiirsrtdt, I s3 s): p	C.
cjonunans (miller, 1923): ao	c
C. frigeUi (zettrrstu dt, i s3 s): p	c
C. fumipeniiis col-lin, 1933:	C.
C. gim uctae Va IllANT. 19S ]: p	C.
C. hveiti m fi-an dfik, 1947; n	c
c muc-üdofiiia waünek & nies., 1987: p	c
c. malicky i äp. nov.: o	c
c. «;(7™ lavalleje, i 975; n	c
c. a (m niti en, 1h 22) r p	c
c. m ultidenfa m ar dona i ii, 1994: n	C.
C. nea/ijfu.vfü m ar donald, 1994: n	c
no/ij/« (loew, i 862): n mthecula (becker, 1908): p ohscwa vaillant, 1968: p übsoteia (Lüew, 1862): N omarntniu sp, nov.: P
vaillant, l9si: p paKnris {CooLi llett, 1895); n pectimcauda Collis, 1927; p perlucida niesiolüwsk.1. 1986: p polonica waciner & Nles., 1987: p precabunäü Colljn, 1961: P /jrfcaifj/vu (Falt.Cn, IS16): H vaih ant, 19r1: p rastnfera Mhlandkk, 1947; n fvciirvaw {MffLANUKR, 1947): n nerraticciuciü a^GEL, 1939: p siveci Wagner v 1984; p .•iii^niatic» (Schiner, IS62}; P stupralor (mtlanulfr, 1947); n suhangitsta Collin, 1961: p subemifsra MacDonald. 1994: n subnotata MAtrDüKALD, 1994: N tacitu collin, 1928: AO tantuki CoLLiN, 1928: AO tküica sp. nov,: O tvapezina (ZKiTERSTritii, 1838): P vaitdii{Lom, 1862): n varix Melander. 1947: n vockerothi Vaillant&.Chväla, 1973: P warnen horvat, 1990: p
Remark: Two Che! if era species described from China (vang djno s: Yanc Chi-kun. 1995) were not stjdied yet as well as Cheliferakhcmüiana vaih ant & gagnfur^ 1998 described recently from Algeria. They n:main unrccogiiizcd at present.
Sprejeto I Accepted ;26.09,2003
Obituary
Huw Idwal Grifnths 1958-2002
On [ 2 Ji.ine 20Ü2, Dr. I luw I, Grifilths, incn^bcr of ti:c editorial Uiard of Smpolia. passed away in hospital in I lull, UK. Huw wns bom to Martha and Idwal Griffiths in Loulh, Lincoinshiic, England, on 14 May 195S, He is surv ived by his wife f)r, Jane M. Reed, an iiitemationaliy recognised authority on diatoms, and by their three-year-old son Thomas.
liuw's keen intciest in [laturc, and animals in particular, developed early on during his childhood. In spile of this, it was no 1 until later in his life that the opportunity arose to pursue these interests. After finishing seeondary schooJ, Huw opted out of university and spent many years going from job to job in the search of a purpt>se in his life. This wandering period probably contributed lo Huw's colourful character, which made him a unique personal i ly as well as an indisputable authority in the scientific comiTiunity. It was at the age 27 when he chose wxiltigy as his future career, obtaining a iirst class BSe Hons degree in zoology faim the University of Wales in .lune 19S8. During his umiergniduate training, Huw was known by his supervisors (with whom he was still in touch until very recently) for his boundless enthusiasm, while his outstanding academic merit was reflected in his receipt of the Edith Sheppard and Tattersall Exhibition Awards for the best second year work in Zoology and for final year research, respectively, Asa promising young scientist Huw continued his studies at the University of Wales where he received his M Phil in .A.pril 1992. His thesis entitled" lite conser\'arion siaiux of rhe Eura:iian Meies me les L.) 758) fCjrnivon/, Mtistslidae) in we.'iterti Europe" is stiil the most complete study on this topic. The results have been published as several original scientific papers, while the tl^esis in its entirety served as the basis for the Repomo the Permanent Committee of the Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats at the Council of Europe. Noteontctit with this, however, Huw embarked on his PhD research whilst still working on the MPhii, completing his thesis on freshwater ostracod crustacca in May 1995 (University of Wal es) entitled: "Theapplkatiait qffneshwcltt:!' OxIraCucla In the recniixtriiclion t if Late Qmiiermay Pakieiiersvirtmments in Norlh-wesierti Eumpe".
The PliD and M Phil research were tamed out while Huw was employed as a Research Technician at the Schtwl of Pure & Applied Biology, University of Wales College ofCardifTf I98S-1989}, a Research Assistant ai the School of History 8l Archaeology at the same University (I9K9-I992), and a Research Associiite at the Departineui of Genetics, University of Leeds (1992-1995). Huw then succeeded in obtaining a permanent lectureship in September 1995 in the Department of Geography, University ofHull, being promoted lo Senior Lecturer in October 2000 Huw's last years in Hull were a happy period in his life. After so many years of tensions, pressures and uncertainties, he finally settled down and, even more importantly, establislied a family, which remained the R>cus of his pnvate life. Equally, Huw was very relaxed at w ork and enjoyed the company of his colleagues and students in Hull, lie was the mainstay of a dynamic rcscarch group of colleagues, external
collaborators and Siudtnts involved both in the fie Iti o fen v iron mental changc in aquatic ecosystems and that of mammalian hiogeograpliy and conser\'stitin. In addition, he loved reaching and enjoyed working with enthusiastic students.
Unlike many scientists, Hnw was rcnow^ied for the diversity and breadth of hiü interests, which often gave hiin a novel outlook on how to tackle a scientific problem in the best possible way, As noted, these spanned a range of fields from mammalian ecology to fresh water biology and extended in recent times to combining pure andsoctai scientific iipproaches to solving complex issues. Within this, his major specialisation was to combine modem and ancient datasets from species with excellent fossil records (notably mammals and ostraeod crustaceans) to elucidate long-timescale evolutionary and biogeographic patterns, and to use these as analogues in modelling the effects of rapid modem environmental and clijnate change. The use of freshwater ostraeods for the reconstruction of Quaternary palaeoenvironments and recent environmental histories involved studies of both modern and fos.sil faunas, and also the construction of experimental studies to examine carbon and oxygen isotope uptake in the shells of living ostracods.
Evidently, Huw was much attracted by complex issues and one of his last projects was to bring together key workers from different fields concerned with Balkan biodiversity. To this end he co-organised a successful exploratory workshop "Partem and Process in Balkan Biodiversity'' in Sqitember 2001, sponsored by the European Science Foundation and the Ministry of Science and Research of the Republic of Slovenia. This meeting well reflects Huw's close contacts he maintained with Slovene scieittists since his first visit to the country i it summer 195)2. His strongest collaboration was with the vertebratologists fram the Slovenian Museum of Natural History, but he was also in touch with a number of other researchers with shared Interests. Being slightly disappointed that his frequent proposals for upgrading the collaboration between the Slovenian Natural History Museum and the University of Hull did not receive support from the Museum's authorities, Huw' enthusiastically joined a small research group of the newly-four ded Institute for Biodiversity Studies at the Science and Research Centre of the Republic of Slovenia Koper from its inception In summer 2001, This collaboration was extremely fruitful and resulted in the organisation of the aforementioned ''Pattern anii Pfocess in Balkan Bicxiii.'ersit}" workshop in September 2001, only a few months after the Instittite was formed. For Huw's key role in the preparation of the meeting, as well as for his outstanding scientific output, the Science and Research Centre of tlte Republic of Slovenia Koper electcd him a research associate.
During his short scientific carccr, Huw had a prodigious research otitput; he had beconte a recognised leading authority on tlic use of freshwater Ostracoda in palaeoecological work and biological monitoring and, equally, was well known for his work on carnivores. What is particularly sad is that lluwdld not have time enough to develop fully as a scientist. He died full of ideas and plans and right in the middle of a pile of unfinished work, fn spite ofHuw's spectacular scientific career and impressive bibliography, ho certainly still did not achieve the peak which was promised by his work to date and by his brilliani mind. More extensive obituaries will appear in a forthcoming issues of f-olia Zoolog ica, Small carnivore Conservation, and Annales; Annales will also publish a complete bibliographic list.
The editorial board of Scopol i a as well as Huw's collaborators in Slovenia and abroad lost a devoted and loyal friend and we know only too well that we won't ever meet another like him. Huw enriched our lives tremendously and influenced our professional careers. His name wdl continue to .survive in science, as his figtire will never fade in the memory of those of us whi) have had the privilege of be ing his friends.
Boris Krystufek
m
Vsebina / Contenls:
B«gtian HOKVAI^
Ikitoiiomical notea and dtistiriplions of ihe new Ckelifira M ACQ U ART species (Diptera: FJmpididac)
Taksonomske posebnosti in opisi novih ^rst Cfielifera MACi^UAllT (Diptera: Empididae)
Obituary / Osmrtnica: Huw Idwal Grifiiihs (1(5&8-2002)