Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo Knjiga povzetkov Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium With International Attendance Book of Abstracts Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo: knjiga povzetkov Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance: Book of Abstracts Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Uredniki · Editors Jure Jugovic, Katja Adam in Sara Zupan Organizacijski odbor Organizing Committee Jure Jugovic, Katja Adam, Sara Zupan, Tomi Trilar in Vladimir Ivović Strokovni odbor · Scientiffic Committee Al Vrezec, Dušan Devetak, Maarten De Groot, Tomi Trilar, Urška Ratajc in Vladimir Ivović Organizatorji · Organizers Univerza na Primorskem, Fakulteta za matematiko, naravoslovje in informacijske tehnologije University of Primorska, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies Slovensko entomološko društvo Štefana Michielija The Slovenian Entomological Society Štefan Michieli Izdala · Published by Založba Univerze na Primorskem University of Primorska Press Koper · 2023 © 2023 Avtorji · Authors Elektronska izdaja · Electronic Edition https://www.hippocampus.si/ISBN/978-961-293-257-2.pdf https://doi.org/10.26493/978-961-293-257-2 Kataložni zapis o publikaciji (CIP) pripravili v Narodni in univerzitetni knjižnici v Ljubljani COBISS.SI-ID 162888963 ISBN 978-961-293-257-2 (PDF) Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 UVODNI NAGOVOR Po petih letih polnih izzivov tako na osebni kot profesionalni ravni se na 6. izvedbi Slovenskega entomološkega simpozija ponovno srečujemo slovenski amaterski in poklicni entomologi ter kolegi iz devetih evropskih držav. Med simpozijem, ki se odvija 15. in 16. septembra v Izoli, bomo poslušali zanimiva dognanja, dosežke, rezultate in vizije z različnih področij entomologije: taksonomije in filogenije žuželk, gozdarske in agronomske entomologije, varstvene entomologije, diverzitete žuželk ter entomološke metodologije. Srečanje prvič organiziramo entomologi Oddelka za biodiverziteto Fakultete za matematiko, naravoslovje in informacijske tehnologije Univerze na Primorskem (UP FAMNIT), v sodelovanju s Slovenskim entomološkim društvom Štefana Michielija. Ob tej priložnosti se organizatorji iskreno zahvaljujemo za izkazano zaupanje in čast ob predaji štafete. Iskrena hvala organizatorjem prejšnje izvedbe tega dogodka s Fakultete za naravoslovje in matematiko Univerze v Mariboru, prav tako članom strokovnega odbora za pomoč pri načrtovanju in izvedbi simpozija. Organizacija dogodka ne bi bila možna brez finančne podpore UP FAMNIT, za kar smo izjemno hvaležni. Hvala tudi vsem avtorjem, ki so s svojimi prispevki doprinesli pomemben del k oblikovanju vsebinske podobe simpozija. Slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo je odlična priložnost za srečanje s kolegi, izmenjavo mnenj, nadaljevanje obstoječih in sklepanje novih sodelovanj. Veselimo se srečanja in vsem udeležencem želimo prijetno druženje. Jure Jugovic, Katja Adam in Sara Zupan 1 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 WELCOME ADDRESS After five years full of challenges both on a personal and professional level, Slovenian amateur and professional entomologists and colleagues from nine European countries meet again at the 6th Slovenian entomological symposium. During the symposium, which takes place on 15th and 16th September in Izola, we will listen to interesting findings, achievements, results and visions from various fields of entomology: insect taxonomy and phylogeny, forest and agronomic entomology, conservation entomology, insect diversity and entomological methodology. The meeting is being organized for the first time by entomologists from the Department of Biodiversity from the Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies of the University of Primorska (UP FAMNIT), in cooperation with the Slovenian Entomological Society of Štefan Michieli. On this occasion, the organizers would like to express our gratitude for the trust and honor shown for handing over the organization. Sincere thanks go to the organizers of the previous meeting from the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics of the University of Maribor, and also to the members of the scientific committee for their and support in planning of the symposium. The organization of the event would not be possible without the financial support of UP FAMNIT, for which we are sincerely grateful. Thanks also to all the authors, who with their contributions formed the content of the symposium. The Slovenian entomological symposium with international attendance is an excellent opportunity to meet colleagues, exchange opinions, continue existing and conclude new collaborations. We look forward to the meeting and wish a pleasant gathering to all the participants. Jure Jugovic, Katja Adam, and Sara Zupan 2 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 PROGRAM SIMPOZIJA / SYMPOSIUM PROGRAMME 15.9.2023 8:00 – 9:00 Registracija na simpozij / Registration for the symposium 9:00 – 9:30 Otvoritev 6. slovenskega entomološkega simpozija z mednarodno udeležbo / Opening of the 6th Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance Uvodni nagovori / Opening words - doc. dr. Živa Fišer, predstojnica Oddelka za biodiverziteto UP FAMNIT / Head of the Department of Biodiversity of UP FAMNIT - Urška Ratajc, mag. ekol. biod., predsednica Slovenskega entomološkega društva Štefana Michielija - izr. prof. dr. Jure Jugovic, organizator simpozija / the organiser of the symposium 9:30 Predavanja / Lectures SEKCIJA / SESSION: TAKSONOMIJA in FILOGENIJA ŽUŽELK / TAXONOMY AND PHYLOGENY OF INSECTS Moderator: Tomi Trilar 9:30 – 10:00 Plenarno predavanje / Plenary lecture Al Vrezec, David Stanković, Alenka Žunič Kosi, Špela Ambrožič Ergaver, Matic Gabor, Urška Ratajc, Matjaž Bedjanič, Andrej Kapla Opisi hroščev (Coleoptera) Joannesa Antoniusa Scopolija: trenutno stanje, tipske lokalitete in spregledani sinonimi / Beetle (Coleoptera) descriptions by Joannes Antonius Scopoli: current state, type localities and overlooked synonyms 10:00 – 10:20 Damjan Milošević, Slavko Polak, Branko Jalžić, Maja Zagmajster, Peter Trontelj, Teo Delić Ena ali več vrst? Filogenetska razmerja in morfološka variabilnost drobnovratnika ( Leptodirus hochenwartii) / One or many species? Phylogenetic relationships and morphological variability in the ‘crown jewel’ of the Dinaric Karst, the cave beetle Leptodirus hochenwartii 10:20 – 10:40 Špela Ambrožič Ergaver, Andrej Kapla, Stiven Kocijančič, Urška Ratajc, Klemen Čandek, Al Vrezec Razširjenost in filogenija puščavnika ( Osmoderma eremita compl.) v Sloveniji / Distribution and phylogeny of the Hermit Beetle ( Osmoderma eremita compl.) in Slovenia 10:40 – 11:00 Matija Gogala, Tomi Trilar Cicadivetta goumenissa, zvočno zanimiv škržad z izredno ozko razširjenostjo na Peloponezu, Grčija / Cicadivetta goumenissa, cicada with interesting acoustic properties and very limited distribution area on Peloponesos, Greece 11:00 – 11:40 Predstavitev posterjev z odmorom za kavo in čaj / Poster session with coffee and tea break SEKCIJA / SESSION: GOZDARSKA IN AGRONOMSKA ENTOMOLOGIJA / FOREST AND AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY Moderator: Urška Ratajc 11:40 – 12:00 Maarten de Groot, Nikica Ogris, Jurij Diaci, Bastien Castagneyrol Vpliv drevesne pestrosti na prenamnožitve osmerozobega smrekovega lubadarja ( Ips typographus) / Influence of tree diversity on European Spruce Bark Beetle ( Ips typographus) outbreaks 12:00 – 12:20 Natalia Kirichenko, Natalia Karpun, Dmitry Musolin Zgodnje odkrivanje in identifikacija potencialno invazivnih škodljivcev iz redov Coleoptera in Lepidoptera iz vzhodne Azije / Early detection and identification of potentially invasive lepidopteran and coleopteran pests from East Asia 3 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 12:20 –12:40 Luka Capuder, Tine Hauptman Razširjenost sredozemskega borovega strženarja ( Tomicus destruens) na Kraškem gozdnogospodarskem območju / Distribution of the Mediterranean Pine Shoot Beetle ( Tomicus destruens) in Karst forest management region 12:40 – 13:00 Špela Modic, Primož Žigon, Eva Praprotnik, Andrej Kapla, Patrik Kehrli, Jaka Razinger Vpliv prekrivnega posevka na koristne in škodljive členonožce v vinogradu / Impact of cover crops on pest and beneficial arthropods in vineyards 13:00 – 13:20 Eva Praprotnik, Primož Žigon, Jaka Razinger Entomopatogene glive v biotičnem varstvu rastlin pred škodljivimi žuželkami / Entomopathogenic fungi as biocontrol agents against insect plant pests 13:20 – 14:10 Kosilo / Lunch break 14:10 – 14:30 Skupinsko fotografiranje / Group photo SEKCIJA / SESSION: VARSTVENA ENTOMOLOGIJA / CONSERVATION ENTOMOLOGY Moderator: Al Vrezec 14:30 – 14:50 Barbara Zakšek, Valerija Zakšek, Rudi Verovnik 15 let monitoringa izbranih ciljnih vrst metuljev v Sloveniji / 15 years of monitoring of habitats directive butterfly and moth species in Slovenia 14:50 – 15:10 Bia Rakar, Barbara Zakšek, Valerija Zakšek Ovipozicijske preference in larvalni razvoj svetlinovega veščca ( Proserpinus proserpina) v Naravnem rezervatu Škocjanski zatok / Oviposition and larval preferences of the Willowherb Hawkmoth ( Proserpinus proserpina) in Škocjanski zatok nature reserve 15:10 – 15:30 Ines Gorkič, Jure Jugovic, Martina Lužnik Strašničin mravljiščar Phengaris teleius (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) na območju Pivških presihajočih jezer: primer viabilne metapopulacije? / The Scarce Large Blue ( Phengaris teleius) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in seasonal lakes of Pivka nature park: an existence of a viable metapopulation? 15:30 – 15:50 Tatjana Čelik Reintrodukcija za preprečitev izumrtja vlagoljubnega ekotipa vrste Coenonympha oedippus v Sloveniji / Reintroduction to prevent the extinction of wet ecotype of Coenonympha oedippus in Slovenia 15:50 – 16:10 Kaja Vereš, Luka Kostadinovski, Anja Kržič, Martin Senič, Petra Gabrovšek, Živa Fišer, Tatjana Čelik, Branko Vreš, Sara Zupan, Martina Lužnik, Jure Jugovic Upad populacije barjanskega okarčka Coenonympha oedippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) na s požarom prizadetem območju na Krasu / Estimate of the population decline of the False Ringlet Coenonympha oedippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) on the area affected by fire in Karst 16:10 – 16:40 Odmor za kavo in čaj / Coffee and tea break SEKCIJA / SESSION: VARSTVENA ENTOMOLOGIJA / CONSERVATION ENTOMOLOGY Moderator: Al Vrezec 16:40 – 17:00 Damjan Vinko, Matjaž Bedjanič, Ali Šalamun, Ana Tratnik, Geert De Knijf, Magnus Billqvist, Roy van Grunsven, Florent Prunier, Peter Kogovšek, Maja Bahor, Nina Erbida, Aleksander Kozina, Nik Šabeder, Nika Tivadar, Mark Plut, Rok Havliček Ohranjanje biodiverzitete je naša kulturna in družbena dolžnost: stanje poznavanja in izzivi varstva favne kačjih pastirjev (Odonata) Slovenije / Biodiversity conservation is our cultural and social duty: the state of knowledge of the Odonata fauna of Slovenia and the challenges of its protection 4 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 17:00 – 17:20 Ali Šalamun, Damjan Vinko, Matjaž Bedjanič Stanje dristavičnega spreletavca ( Leucorrhinia pectoralis) (Odonata: Libellulidae) v Sloveniji / Status of the Yellow-Spotted Whiteface ( Leucorrhinia pectoralis) (Odonata: Libellulidae) in Slovenia 17:20 – 17:40 Saška Lipovšek, Tanja Vajs, Vesna Klokočovnik Vpliv insekticidov na ličinke volkcev Euroleon nostras: preliminarni rezultati / The effect of the insecticides on larvae of antlion Euroleon nostras: preliminary results 17:40 – 18:00 Andrej Kapla, Al Vrezec, Matjaž Bedjanič Nova spoznanja o razširjenosti in ogroženosti brazdarja ( Rhysodes sulcatus) v Sloveniji (Coleoptera: Rhysodidae) / New knowledge on the distribution and threat status of the beetle Rhysodes sulcatus in Slovenia (Coleoptera: Rhysodidae) 18:00 – 18:20 Valerija Zakšek, Rudi Verovnik Izzivi ohranjanja metuljev na območju Natura 2000 Slovenska Istra / Challenges of conservation of butterflies in Natura 2000 site Slovenska Istra 18:20 Večerno druženje 16.9.2023 SEKCIJA / SESSION: Diverziteta žuželk / Insect diversity Moderator: Maarten De Groot 9:00 – 9:30 Plenarno predavanje / Plenary lecture Mladen Kotarac O hroščih (Coleoptera) v Sloveniji / On beetles (Coleoptera) in Slovenia 9:30 – 9:50 Andrej Gogala Nove vrste v slovenski favni divjih čebel (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) in stenic (Heteroptera) / New species in the Slovenian fauna of wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) and true bugs (Heteroptera) 9:50 – 10:10 Nataša Stritih-Peljhan, Alenka Žunič-Kosi Ne le “napev”, pač pa kompleksno vibro-akustično dvorjenje hišnega murna ( Acheta domesticus) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) / Not only the “song”, but a complex vibro-acoustic courtship of the house cricket ( Acheta domesticus) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) 10:10 – 10:40 Predstavitev posterjev z odmorom za kavo in čaj / Poster session with coffee and tea break SEKCIJA / SESSION: Diverziteta žuželk / Insect diversity Moderator: Maarten De Groot 10:40 – 11:00 Igor Nekrep, Libor Dvořák Lesne/okenske mušice (Diptera: Anisopodidae) Slovenije: splošne značilnosti in taksonomska raziskanost skupine / Wood/window gnats (Diptera: Anisopodidae) of Slovenia: general characteristics and taxonomic research of the group 11:00 – 11:20 Vladimir Ivović, Katja Adam Spremembe v vrstni sestavi peščenih muh (Diptera: Psychodidae) v odvisnosti od prisotnosti psov kot gostiteljev / Changes in population composition of Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in relation to the presence of dog hosts 11:20 – 11:40 Tea Knapič, Tomi Trilar, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, Nataša Knap, Miša Korva, Katarina Resman Rus, Urška Glinšek Biškup, Barbara Šobal, Jana Šušnjar, Vladimir Ivović, Peter Glasnović, Katja Adam Povzetek projekta: Vzpostavitev monitoringa prenašalcev vektorskih bolezni v Sloveniji / Project summary: Establishment of vector-borne disease vector monitoring in Slovenia 5 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 11:40 – 12:00 Matjaž Bedjanič Prispevek k poznavanju razširjenosti, biologije in ogroženosti pritlikave krtovke ( Xya pfaendleri (Harz, 1970)) in pisane krtovke ( X. variegata (Latreille, 1809)) v Sloveniji (Orthoptera: Tridactylidae) / Contribution to the knowledge of distribution, biology and threat status of the Pfaendler’s Molehopper ( Xya pfaendleri (Harz, 1970)) and Colourful Molehopper ( X. variegata (Latreille, 1809)) in Slovenia (Orthoptera: Tridactylidae) 12:00 – 13:00 Kosilo / Lunch break SEKCIJA / SESSION: Entomološka metodologija / Entomological methodology Moderator: Vladimir Ivović 13:00 – 13:20 Tomi Trilar, Matija Gogala Klikanje kot metoda za lov škržadov (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) / Clicking as a method of collecting cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) 13:20 – 13:40 Alenka Žunič Kosi, Nataša Stritih Peljhan, Špela Ambrožič Ergaver, Andrej Kapla, Matic Gabor, Al Vrezec Optimizacija monitoringa hroščev evropskega varstvenega pomena: alpski kozliček ( Rosalia alpina) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) / Optimising monitoring of European beetles of conservation concern: the case of the Alpine Longicorn ( Rosalia alpina) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) 13:40 – 14:00 Eva Groznik, Martin Križaj, Tine Hauptman, Maarten de Groot, David Williams Primerjava večlijakastih in prizmatičnih pasti pri ulovu rodu Agrilus v Sloveniji / Comparison of multifunnel and prism traps for capturing the genus Agrilus in Slovenia 14:00 – 14:20 Jernej Polajnar, Elizaveta Kvinikadze, Adam W. Harley, Igor Malenovský Snemanje z visokohitrostno kamero razkriva mehanizem produkcije vibracijskih signalov pri veliki hruševi bolšici ( Cacopsylla pyrisuga) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) / High-speed video recording reveals the mechanism of vibrational signal production in Cacopsylla pyrisuga (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) 14:20 – 14:40 Anton Gradišek, Johanna Amalia Robinson, Nevenka Bogataj, Danilo Bevk Sistematično dolgoročno vključevanje v projekt občanske znanosti aktivira udeležence za opazovanje opraševalcev izven časovnega okvirja projekta / Systematic long-term engagement in citizen science project activates participants to observe pollinators beyond project timeframe 14:40 – 15:00 Odmor za kavo in čaj / Coffee and tea break SEKCIJA / SESSION: Entomološka metodologija / Entomological methodology Moderator: Tomi Trilar 15:00 – 15:20 Ajda Moškrič, Katarina Mole, Anja Pavlin, Andraž Marinč, Jernej Bubnič, Andreja Opara, Janez Prešern Gen CSD kot orodje za genotipizacijo čebeljih družin / CSD gene as a tool for genotyping of honeybee colonies 15:20 – 15:40 Vid Švara, Vanessa Berger, Daniel T. Dalton, Klaus Steinbauer, Michael Jungmeier Aplikacija eDNK analize za ocenjevanje pestrosti žuželk v zavarovanem mokrišču / Applicability of eDNA-based approaches in the assessment of insect diversity in a wetland protected area 15:40 – 16:00 Toni Koren Biologer: odprtokodna platforma za zbiranje podatkov o pojavljanju vrst v vzhodni Evropi / Biologer: an open source platform for gathering species occurrence data in Eastern Europe 16:00 – 16:20 Grega Sarka Združbe cvetnih obiskovalcev in učinkovitost opraševanja dveh simpatričnih vrst kadulj Salvia pratensis in Salvia saccardiana (Lamiaceae) / Floral visitor assemblages and pollination efficiency of the two sympatric species Salvia pratensis and Salvia saccardiana (Lamiaceae) 16:20 - 16:30 Zaključni nagovor in pozdrav/Closing session and goodbyes 6 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 SEZNAM POSTERJEV / LIST OF POSTERS Dušan Devetak Favna spužvark (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) Balkanskega polotoka: dosedanje poznavanje in nove najdbe / Spongillafly fauna (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) of the Balkan peninsula: current knowledge and new records Farah Kootstra, Chris Smit, Maarten de Groot Učinek ravnanja s sečnimi ostanki po sanitarni sečnji na združbe in lastnosti saproksilnih hroščev / The effect of logging residue management following sanitary felling on saproxylic beetle community assemblages and traits Jan Podlesnik, Nastja Mencinger, Peter Kozel, Luka Kasumović Modificirane feromonske pasti za vrsto Ips typographus zmanjšajo stranski ulov neciljnih organizmov / Modified pheromone traps for Ips typographus reduce bycatch of non-target organisms Jure Jugovic, Anastazija Milojević, Sara Zupan, Martina Lužnik Variabilnost demografskih parametrov pri glogovi belinki Aporia crataegi (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) na Kraškem robu / Variability of demographic parameters of Aporia crataegi (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) on the Karst edge Klara Kopač, Jure Peroš, Manja Tišler, Martina Lužnik, Jure Jugovic Populacijska dinamika strašničinega mravljiščarja Phengaris teleius (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) v porečju Nanoščice / Population dynamics of Scarce Large Blue Phengaris teleius (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in Nanoščica river basin Tina Belej, Vladimir Ivović, Jure Jugovic Vrstna pestrost vodnih stenic (Heteroptera) v naravnem rezervatu Škocjanski zatok (Slovenija) / Species diversity of water bugs (Heteroptera) in Škocjanski zatok Nature reserve (Slovenia) Urška Ratajc, Špela Ambrožič Ergaver, Andrej Kapla, Al Vrezec Predlog uvrstitve vrst mrharjev na rdeči seznam ogroženih vrst Slovenije / Red list proposal for silphids of Slovenia Zala Horvat, Jana Šušnjar, Katja Adam Sezonska aktivnost tigrastih komarjev ( Aedes albopictus) v Obalno-kraški regiji ter soodvisnost med številom odraslih samic in številom jajčec / Seasonal activity of Asian Tiger Mosquitoes ( Aedes albopictus) in the Coastal-Karst region and the correlation between the number of adult females and the number of eggs Zina Devetak, Maarten De Groot, Stanislav Trdan, Barbara Piškur Metode identifikacije podblunikov (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) / Identification methods for bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) 7 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 USTNE PREDSTAVITVE ORAL PRESENTATIONS 8 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Al Vrezec1,2*, David Stanković1, Alenka Žunič Kosi1, Špela Ambrožič Ergaver1, Matic Gabor1, Urška Ratajc1, Matjaž Bedjanič1, Andrej Kapla1 Opisi hroščev (Coleoptera) Joannesa Antoniusa Scopolija: trenutno stanje, tipske lokalitete in spregledani sinonimi Ključne besede: Scopoli, taksonomija, zgodovina, Coleoptera, Kranjska V letu 2023 praznujemo 300-letnico rojstva Joannesa Antoniusa Scopolija (1723-1788), začetnika moderne naravoslovne znanosti na Slovenskem in enega ključnih zgodnjih taksonomov v Evropi. Scopoli je danes avtor 80 veljavnih vrst in treh rodov hroščev (Coleoptera), ki jih je opisal v štirih delih: Entomologia Carniolica (1763), Annus V. Historico Naturalis (1772), Introductio ad Historiam Naturalem (1777) in Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae (1786). Za 12 vrst je Scopoli konkretno navedel tipsko lokaliteto, skupno pa je bilo 69 vrst hroščev opisanih po primerkih iz Slovenije. Med opisanimi vrstami iz Slovenije sta tudi dve vrsti evropskega varstvenega pomena, puščavnik Osmoderma eremita (Scopoli, 1763) in škrlatni kukuj Cucujus cinnaberinus (Scopoli, 1763), ki sta bili tudi nedavno filogeografsko obdelani, zato je pomen prave tipske lokalitete toliko pomembnejši zaradi pravilnega opredeljevanja taksonov. Kljub temu pa so v sodobni taksonomski literaturi Scopolijeve tipske lokalitete na nekdanjem Kranjskem (danes zahodna Slovenija) večinoma slabo prepoznane in uveljavljene. Scopolijeva zbirka s tipskimi primerki (sintipi) je propadla, posamezni primerki pa so se morda ohranili v drugih zbirkah, denimo v entomološki zbirki Karla Linnéja (London). V predavanju bo predstavljen pregled Scopolijevih opisov hroščev s pregledom obstoječega tipskega materiala in reprezentativnih obstoječih genetskih podatkov o vrstah iz tipskih lokalitet v Sloveniji. Scopolijevi opisi do danes niso še docela razrešeni in med njimi je mnogo takšnih, ki bi si sicer po pravilu prioritete kot najstarejši opisi vrst po linnejevski nomenklaturi zaslužili status veljavnega taksona, a so bili v kasnejših taksonomskih revizijah spregledani ali neustrezno obravnavani. Beetle (Coleoptera) descriptions by Joannes Antonius Scopoli: Current state, type localities and overlooked synonyms Keywords: Scopoli, taxonomy, history, Coleoptera, Carniola In 2023 we celebrate the 300th birthday of Joannes Antonius Scopoli (1723-1788), the founder of modern natural science in Slovenia and one of the most important early taxonomists in Europe. Today Scopoli is the author of 80 valid species and three genera of beetles (Coleoptera), which he described in four works: Entomologia Carniolica (1763), Annus V. Historico Naturalis (1772), Introductio ad Historiam Naturalem (1777), and Deliciae Florae et Faunae Insubricae (1786). For 69 species of beetles the type locality is certainly in Slovenia, and for 12 species Scopoli also gave the type locality. Among the described species from Slovenia there are also two species of European conservation concern, namely Osmoderma eremita (Scopoli, 1763) and Cucujus cinnaberinus (Scopoli, 1763), for which a phylogeography was recently published, so the importance of the correct type locality is even more important because of the correct determination of the taxa. Nevertheless, Scopoli's type localities in former Carniola (now western Slovenia) are poorly known in the modern taxonomic literature. Scopoli's collection of type specimens (syntypes) is lost, but individual specimens may have survived in other collections, for example in the entomological collection of Carl Linnaeus (London). The presentation will give an overview of Scopoli's descriptions of beetles with a review of existing type material and representative molecular data of species from type localities in Slovenia. Scopoli's descriptions have not been fully elucidated to date, and among them there are many that would have merited valid taxon status according to the rule of priority, as the oldest descriptions of species under Linnaean nomenclature, but were overlooked or inadequately treated in later taxonomic revisions. 1 Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija 2 Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije, Prešernova 20, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija *e-mail: al.vrezec@nib.si 9 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Damjan Milošević1, Slavko Polak2, Branko Jalžić3, Maja Zagmajster4, Peter Trontelj4, Teo Delić4* Ena ali več vrst? Filogenetska razmerja in morfološka variabilnost drobnovratnika ( Leptodirus hochenwartii) Ključne besede: Leptodirus, filogenija, morfometrija, podzemlje, Dinarski kras Začetek znanstvene discipline speleobiologije zaznamuje opis hrošča drobnovratnika Leptodirus hochenwartii iz Postojnske jame leta 1832. Zaradi tega dogodka Slovenijo pogosto označujemo za »zibelko speleobiologije«, drobnovratnika pa kot enega od neuradnih simbolov države. Kljub kulturnemu pomenu in vključenosti vrste v omrežje Natura 2000 ostaja naše znanje o taksonu omejeno. Res je, da je njegova razširjenost razmeroma dobro raziskana in da je opisanih šest morfoloških podvrst, vendar so nedavne terenske ekskurzije na severnem delu Dinarskega krasa spremenile naš pogled na razširjenost in ponudile možnost testiranja taksonomske veljavnosti obstoječih podvrst. Veljavnost opisanih podvrst smo testirali tako z molekularno kot morfološko analizo skoraj 200 osebkov. Iskali smo morfološke razlike med opredeljenimi filogenetskimi skupinami, ki zadostujejo kriterijem za razmejitev vrst. Robustnost morfoloških analiz smo preverili še z uporabo klasičnih in geometrijskih morfoloških pristopov. Poleg zapolnitve vrzeli med disjunktnimi deli razširjenosti taksona so naši rezultati pokazali, da Leptodirus hochnewartii ni ena sama vrsta. Sestavljen je iz šestih morfološko podobnih, a molekulsko dobro ločenih filogenetskih skupin, od katerih ne ustrezajo vse že obstoječim podvrstam. Medtem ko bi bilo treba dve podvrsti razveljaviti, je treba ostale, poleg dveh na novo prepoznanih filogenetskih skupin, prepoznati na ravni vrst. Na novo pridobljeni podatki odpirajo vprašanja o posledicah za nacionalno in evropsko naravovarstveno zakonodajo in prakse. One or many species? Phylogenetic relationships and morphological variability in the ‘crown jewel’ of the Dinaric karst, the cave beetle Leptodirus hochenwartii Keywords: Leptodirus, phylogeny, morphometry, subterranean, Dinaric Karst The beginning of scientific discipline of speleobiology is marked by the description of the slender-necked beetle, Leptodirus hochenwartii, from Postojnska jama in 1832. Thanks to that event, Slovenia is often labelled as the “cradle of speleobiology”, while Leptodirus is used as one of the country’s unofficial symbols. Despite its cultural significance and inclusion of the species in the Natura 2000 framework, our knowledge about the taxon remains limited. It is true that the distribution has been relatively well studied and six morphological subspecies have been described. However, recent field excursions throughout the Northern Dinaric Karst changed our perspective on the distribution and offered a possibility to test the taxonomic validity of the existing subspecies. The described subspecies were tested by employing both molecular and morphological analysis, on a dataset containing almost 200 specimens. Phylogroups defined by both uni- and multilocus species delimitation were additionally used to test for potential morphological differences. Robustness of morphological analyses was crosschecked by employing classical and geometric morphology approaches. In addition to filling the gaps between the disjunct parts of the distribution, our results pointed out that Leptodirus hochnewartii is not a single species. It consists of six morphologically similar, but molecularly well-distinguished phylogroups, not all of which correspond to the existing subspecies. Moreover, while two of the subspecies should be annulled, the rest, in addition to two newly recognized phylogroups, should be erected to the level of independent species. The newly acquired data opens questions about implications for the national and European conservation legislation and practices. 1 Drage Šćitara 17, Rijeka, Hrvaška 2 Notranjski muzej Postojna, Zavod Znanje Postojna, Kolodvorska cesta 3, Postojna, Slovenija 3 Croatian Biospeleological Society, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb, Hrvaška 4 SubBio Lab, Oddelek za biologijo, Biotehniška fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani, Ljubljana, Slovenija *e-mail vodilnega avtorja: teo.delic@bf.uni-lj.si 10 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Špela Ambrožič Ergaver1*, Andrej Kapla1, Stiven Kocijančič1, Urška Ratajc1, Klemen Čandek1, Al Vrezec1,2 Razširjenost in filogenija puščavnika ( Osmoderma eremita compl.) v Sloveniji Ključne besede: varstvena genetika, Natura 2000, hrošči, tipska lokaliteta, Slovenija Puščavnik (Osmoderma eremita compl.) je največja evropska vrsta hrošča vezana na lesni mulj drevesnih dupel in je ključna indikatorska vrsta za ta tip mikrohabitata in kot taka vključena kot prioritena varstvena vrsta na seznam Habitatne direktive EU. Zadnje molekularne raziskave vrste so pokazale, da je takson Osmoderma eremita pravzaprav kompleks več vrst. V okviru raziskav nacionalnega monitoringa hroščev smo v obdobju 2011 in 2018 zbrali 104 vzorcev odraslih hroščev in opravili gentsko analizo populacije puščavnika v Sloveniji. S primerjavo zaporedij s podatkovno banko GenBank (algoritem BLASTn) smo ugotovili, da sta med vzorci verjetno prisotni dve vrsti, O. eremita in O. barnabita, kar smo potrdili z analizami razmejitve vrst. Tako rezultati analize ABGD, ki temelji na genetskih razdaljah, kot rezultati analize mPTP, ki temelji na filogenetskem drevesu, so pokazali prisotnost dveh vrst. Trenutna slika razširjenosti dveh vrst puščavnika v Sloveniji kaže na njuno dokaj jasno geografsko ločenost z mejo, ki poteka po vzhodnem robu Ljubljanske kotline. Puščavnika je kot vrsto opisal Joannes A. Scopoli po primerkih iz Slovenije leta 1763. Scopoli v svojem opisu ne navaja natančne lokalitete, od koder je vrsto, ki jo je sicer našel v duplu hruške, opisal. Kot kaže je Scopoli deloval pretežno na območju razširjenosti vrste Osmoderma eremita, verjetna tipska lokacija pa je okolica Idrije ali Ljubljane. Obe vrsti se obravnavata kot enakovredni tudi v okviru omrežja Natura 2000, pri čemer je potrebno opredeliti ustrezno pokritost populacij obeh vrst vključujoč varstvene ukrepe, ki jih predvideva novi PUN s pripravo smernic v okviru večletnega strateškega naravovarstvenega »LIFE integriranega projekta za okrepljeno upravljanje Nature 2000 v Sloveniji« (LIFE-IP NATURA.SI). Distribution and phylogeny of the Hermit Beetle ( Osmoderma eremita compl.) in Slovenia Keywords: conservation genetics, Natura 2000, beetles, type localities, Slovenia The Hermit Beetle ( Osmoderma eremita compl.) is the largest European beetle species that inhabits tree trunk cavities with wood mould. It is an important indicator species for this type of microhabitat and as such has been listed as a priority species under the EU Habitats Directive. Recent molecular studies of the species have shown that the taxon Osmoderma eremita is actually a complex of several species. Within the framework of national beetle monitoring, we collected 104 samples of adult beetles and performed genetic analysis of the Hermit Beetle population in Slovenia between 2011 and 2018. Comparison of the sequences with the GenBank database (BLASTn algorithm) indicated that two species, O. eremita and O. barnabita, were likely among the samples, which was confirmed by species delimitation analyses. Both the results of the ABGD analysis based on genetic distances and the results of the mPTP analysis based on the phylogenetic tree indicate the presence of two species. The current picture of the distribution of the two Hermit species in Slovenia shows their rather clear geographical separation with a boundary along the eastern edge of the Ljubljana Basin. The Hermit Beetle was described as a species in 1763 by Joannes A. Scopoli based on specimens from Slovenia. In his description Scopoli does not give the exact locality where he described the species, which he otherwise found in the cavity of a pear tree. It seems that Scopoli worked mainly in the range of the species Osmoderma eremita, and the probable type locality is around Idrija or Ljubljana. Both species are treated as equivalent in the Natura 2000 network, and it is necessary to define the appropriate coverage of the populations of both species, including the protection measures foreseen in the new PUN, through the elaboration of guidelines in the framework of the multi-annual strategic nature conservation "LIFE integrated project for enhanced management of Natura 2000 in Slovenia" (LIFE-IP NATURA.SI). 1 Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija 2 Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije, Prešernova 20, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija *e-mail: spela.ambrozicergaver@nib.si 11 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Matija Gogala1*, Tomi Trilar2 Cicadivetta goumenissa, zvočno zanimiv škržad z zelo ozko razširjenostjo na Peloponezu, Grčija Ključne besede: Cicadidae, omejeno pojavljanje, napev Škržada Cicadivetta goumenissa Gogala, Drosopoulos, Trilar 2012 smo opisali kot novo vrsto pred enajstimi leti v okolici vasi Goumenissa. Ker je bila ta vrsta škržada omejena le na zelo majhno območje, smo se posvetili študiju razširjenosti z zvočnim preverjanjem prisotnosti značilnega napeva. Rezultat takega dela je bila potrditev izredno ozke razširjenosti vrste na območje 25 x 15 km. Tudi nadmorska višina lokalitet je omejena na 670 do 860 m. Ali se v tem skriva skrivnost omejenega pojavljanja tega škržada? Druga možnost razlage je omejeno preživetje te vrste škržadov v vegetaciji garrigue ali frygana zaradi neznanega dejavnika. Vsekakor smo ugotovili tudi na daljših posnetkih napevov, da so tudi izredno dolgi ehemi (XLE: do 15 s) normalni deli zvočnih sekvenc. Druga lastnost teh napevov je pojavljanje dolgih ehemov (LE: trajanje praviloma 0,5 s) vgnezdenih med serije kratkih ehemov (SE: trajanje 26±7 ms). Tretja izredna lastnost je pojavljanje visokih in ultrazvočnih frekvenc (-20 dB območje: 13,6±0,6 do 22,9±0,7 kHz) v napevih, saj je tudi ponavljalna frekvenca kratkih ehemov izredno visoka (19±3 SE/s), ki pa pade proti koncu napeva na 10±2 SE/s. Dolžina oziroma trajanje celega napeva znaša po naših meritvah nekaj deset sekund do 3–4 minute, z vrhom v sredini, kjer se pojavljajo tudi zelo dolgi ehemi (XLE). Cicadivetta goumenissa, cicada with interesting acoustic properties and very limited distribution area on Peloponesos, Greece Keywords: Cicadidae, limited distribution, song We described the cicada Cicadivetta goumenissa Gogala, Drosopoulos, Trilar 2012 as a new species 11 years ago from Goumenissa village. Due to a very limited distribution area, we acoustically checked the presence of this species in Peloponesos and beyond. As a result, we found out that the area of C. goumenissa is present just in the area of 25 by 15 km. We measured also the elevation range of a distribution as 670 to 860 m ASL. Is there hidden a mistery of such a distribution area? Another possibility is a habitat distribution in garrigue or frygana limited by an unknown factor. Anyway, we found out that extremely long echemes (XLE: up to 15 s) are a normal constituens of sound sequences. Long echemes (LE: about 0,5 s duration) are nested into longer sequences of short echemes (SE: average carrier frequency 17,5±0,8 kHz, -20 dB range 13,6±0,6 kHz to 22,9±0,7 kHz). Repetition rate 19±3 SE/s falls at the end of a song to 10±2 SE/s. Duration of a whole song lasts from some tens of seconds to 3–4 minutes, with a middle part where the very long echemes (XLE) appear. 1 Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti, Novi trg 3, 1000 Ljubljana 2 Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije, Prešernova 20, 1000 Ljubljana *e-mail: matija.gogala@guest.arnes.si 12 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Maarten de Groot1*, Nikica Ogris1, Jurij Diaci2, Bastien Castagneyrol3 Vpliv drevesne pestrosti na prenamnožitve osmerozobega smrekovega lubadarja ( Ips typographus) Ključne besede: biotska odpornost, odpornost od spodaj navzgor, izbruhi podlubnikov, raznolikost drevesnih vrst, Ips typographus Osmerozobi smrekov lubadar ( Ips typographus) je pomemben gozdni škodljivec v Evropi, zato je pomembno oceniti strategije gospodarjenja z gozdovi za nadzor populacij podlubnikov. Cilj te študije je bil oceniti učinke pestrosti drevesnih vrst na izbruhe osmerozobega smrekovega lubadarja ob upoštevanju razpoložljivosti gostiteljskih rastlin na različnih nadmorskih višinah. Analizirali smo podatke s sistematične mreže 1 × 1 km po Sloveniji. Za vsako modelsko celico so bili pridobljeni podatki o sanitarnem poseku navadne smreke po izbruhu podlubnikov iz nacionalne zbirke podatkov za obdobje 1996–2017. Poleg tega smo zbrali podatke o razpoložljivosti gostiteljev za podlubnike (tj. odstotek navadne smreke v modelski celici), raznolikosti negostiteljskih drevesnih vrst in povprečni nadmorski višini. Ločeno smo analizirali vplive nadmorske višine, gozdnatosti, deleža smreke in pestrosti negostiteljskih drevesnih vrst v obdobju izbruha in izven izbruha na verjetnost sanitarne sečnje in na obseg sanitarne sečnje. Verjetnost sanitarne sečnje je bila večja v nižinah in se je povečevala z večanjem deleža smreke v gozdnih sestojih v modelski celici, vendar nanjo ni vplivala pestrost negostiteljskih drevesnih vrst. Nasprotno se je količina sanitarne sečnje zmanjšala s povečanjem raznolikosti negostiteljskih drevesnih vrst, zlasti na nizkih nadmorskih višinah. Vendar pa se je učinek pestrosti negostiteljskih drevesnih vrst na obseg sanitarne sečnje zmanjšal, ko se je povečal delež navadne smreke. Tako raznovrstnost negostiteljskih drevesnih vrst sama po sebi ni glavno gonilo tveganja za pojav izbruha podlubnikov, ampak povečuje biotsko odpornost z nižjo razpoložljivostjo gostitelja na nizkih nadmorskih višinah, kjer so abiotske razmere za rast smreke najmanj ugodne. Influence of tree diversity on European Spruce Bark Beetle ( Ips typographus) outbreaks Keywords: biotic resistance, bottom-up resistance, bark beetle outbreaks, tree species diversity , Ips typographus The European spruce bark beetle ( Ips typographus) is an important forest pest in Europe and it is important to evaluate forest management strategies to control bark beetle populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of tree species diversity on European spruce bark beetle outbreaks, considering the availability of host plants at different elevations. We analysed data from a systematic 1 × 1 km grid in Slovenia. For each grid cell, data on the sanitary felling of Norway spruce after bark beetle outbreaks were extracted from a national database covering the period 1996-2017. In addition, we collected data on resource availability (i.e., percentage of Norway spruce in the grid cell), diversity of non-host tree species, and average elevation. We analysed the effects of elevation, forest cover, percentage of spruce, and diversity of non-host tree species during the outbreak and non-outbreak periods on the probability of sanitary felling and on the extent of sanitary felling, separately. The probability of sanitary felling was higher at low elevations and increased with increasing proportion of spruce in the stand in the grid cell, but was not influenced by the diversity of non-host tree species. In contrast, the amount of sanitary felling decreased with increasing non-host tree species diversity, especially at low elevations. However, the effect of non-host tree species diversity on the extent of sanitation cutting decreased as the proportion of Norway spruce increased. Thus, non-host tree species diversity per se is not the main driver of outbreak risk, but enhances biotic resistance with lower host availability at low elevations where abiotic conditions are most unfavourable for spruce. 1 Gozdarski inštitut Slovenije, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija 2 Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 83, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 3 Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, F-33612 Cestas, France *e-mail: maarten.degroot@gozdis.si 13 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Natalia Kirichenko1,2*, Natalia Karpun3,4, Dmitry Musolin5 Zgodnje odkrivanje in identifikacija potencialno invazivnih škodljivcev iz redov Coleoptera in Lepidoptera iz vzhodne Azije Ključne besede: molji, hrošči, tujerodne vrste, invazija, natančna identifikacija vrst, sistem črtnih kod DNK, vzhodna Azija Vzhodna Azija je znana kot naravno okolje potencialno škodljivih vrst metuljev in hroščev, ki napadajo lesne rastline, kot so sibirska svilena kokljica Dendrolimus sibiricus (Lep.: Lasiocampidae), Lymantria mathura Moore, 1866 (Lep.: Erebidae), jesenov krasnik Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Col.: Buprestidae), sahalinski jelov ličar Polygraphus proximus Blandford, 1894 (Col.: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Te in druge škodljivce dreves, ki se naravno pojavljajo v azijski Rusiji, že poznamo zaradi njihovega širjenja proti zahodu, medtem ko imajo nekatere potencial za razširitev svojega prvotnega območja. V okviru dveh nacionalnih projektov, ki ju podpira Ruska znanstvena fundacija, in sicer "Varovanje nacionalne biološke varnosti: zgodnje odkrivanje nevarnih in potencialno invazivnih drevesnih žuželk v azijski Rusiji z uporabo sodobnih ekoloških in molekularno-genetskih pristopov (InvASIA)" (projekt št. 22-16-00075) in "Oblikovanje trenutnih območij invazivnih rastlinojedih žuželk in njihove ekofiziološke prilagoditve razmeram v južni Rusiji" (projekt št. 21-16-00050), preučujemo metulje in hrošče, ki napadajo ekološko in ekonomsko pomembne domače in uvožene lesne rastlinske vrste v državi. Za raziskave različnih vidikov procesov invazije uporabljamo največje botanične vrtove in arboretume. Poleg tega razvijamo knjižnice črtnih kod DNK za hitro in natančno identifikacijo škodljivih dendrofilnih vrst, ki se prehranjujejo z listjem in lesom vnesenih dreves in grmovnic v azijskem delu Rusije, ter dopolnjujemo takšne knjižnice s črtnimi kodami DNK muzejskih primerkov žuželk, ki imajo fitosanitarni pomen. Takšni podatki bodo ključni tako za nacionalne kot mednarodne programe biološke varnosti. Early detection and identification of potentially invasive lepidopteran and coleopteran pests from East Asia Keywords: moths, beetles, alien species, invasion, accurate species identification, DNA barcoding, East Asia East Asia is known as a natural habitat of potentially harmful lepidopteran and coleopteran species attacking woody plants, such as the Siberian moth Dendrolimus sibiricus (Lep.: Lasiocampidae), the rosy gypsy moth Lymantria mathura Moore, 1866 (Lep.: Erebidae), the Emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (Col.: Buprestidae), the four-eyed fir bark beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandford, 1894 (Col.: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). These and other tree pests naturally occurring in Asian Russia are already known by their westwards invasions, whereas others have a potential to expand their primary ranges. In a frame of two national projects supported by the Russian Science Foundation, namely “Guarding the national biosafety: early detection of dangerous and potentially invasive dendrophyllous insect pests in Asian Russia using modern ecological and molecular genetic approaches (InvASIA)” (project no. 22-16-00075) and “Formation of the current ranges of invasive herbivorous insects and their ecophysiological adaptations to the conditions of the Southern Russia” (project no. 21-16-00050), we study lepidopteran and coleopteran species attacking ecologically and economically important native and introduced woody plant species in the country. We use the largest botanical gardens and arboreta as research platforms to explore different aspects of invasion processes. Besides, we develop DNA barcoding libraries for rapid and accurate identification of harmful dendrophyllous species feeding on leaves and wood of introduced trees and shrubs in the Asian part of Russia, and supplement such libraries with DNA barcodes of the museum specimens of the insects that have phytosanitary significance. Altogether, such data will be essential for both the national and international biosecurity programs. 1 Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center ‘Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS’, Akademgorodok 50/28, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia 2 Institute of Ecology and Geography, Siberian Federal University, Svobodny pr. 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia 3 Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yana Fabritsiusa Street 2/28, 354002 Sochi, Russia 4 Department of Forest Protection, Wood Science and Game Management, Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University, Institutskiy per. 5, 194021 Saint Petersburg, Russia 5 European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO/OEPP), 21 boulevard Richard Lenoir, 75011 Paris, France* *e-mail: nkirichenko@yahoo.com 14 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Luka Capuder1*, Tine Hauptman1* Razširjenost sredozemskega borovega strženarja ( Tomicus destruens) na Kraškem gozdnogospodarskem območju Ključne besede: podlubniki, Tomicus, Kras, dinamika pojavljanja, razširjenost, temperatura, črni bor Borovi strženarji ( Tomicus spp.) so podlubniki (Scolytinae, Curculionidae), ki veljajo za sekundarne in primarne škodljivce borov ( Pinus spp). Zalegajo predvsem v sveže podrta in oslabljena drevesa, v katerih se prehranjujejo in razvijajo v predelu ličja in kambija, mladi hrošči pa se zrelostno prehranjujejo v strženu eno in dvoletnih poganjkov dreves, ki so lahko povsem zdrava. V Skandinaviji in vse do severnih predelov Sredozemlja sta splošno razširjeni vrsti Tomicus piniperda in Tomicus minor. V Sredozemlju ter ob atlantskih obalah Španije, Francije in Portugalske pa je splošno razširjena vrsta Tomicus destruens, ki je bolj prilagojena na toplejše podnebne razmere (milejše zime, suha poletja). Takšne razmere so tudi na slovenskih priobalnih območjih, kjer je bila prisotnost vrste nedavno že potrjena. Glavni gostitelji vrste T. destruens so sredozemske vrste borov, kot so: Pinus pinea, P. halepensis in P. pinaster, pojavlja pa se tudi na črnem boru ( P. nigra), ki je splošno razširjen v jugozahodni Sloveniji. Po podatkih iz drugih držav T. destruens lahko lokalno povzroča gospodarsko škodo, predvsem po požarih in sušnih obdobjih, ko so borova drevesa oslabljena in bolj dovzetna za napade. Zaradi povečane intenzitete in pogostosti požarov na Krasu v zadnjih letih ter podnebnih sprememb, obstaja verjetnost, da se T. destruens iz obalnih območij razširi proti notranjosti in začne povzročati gospodarsko škodo tudi pri nas. Za načrtovanje in uspešno izvedbo ukrepov za preprečitev oziroma zmanjšanje teh škod je zato potrebno bolje raziskati biologijo in ekologijo te vrste pri nas. Cilj raziskave je ugotoviti razširjenost in preveriti morebitno prekrivanje areala vrste T. destruens z arealoma drugih dveh omenjenih vrst iz rodu Tomicus v Sloveniji, ter ugotoviti njihovo dinamiko pojavljanja. V ta namen smo na širšem Kraškem gozdnogospodarskem območju postavili 16 križnih pasti v sestoje črnega bora in izvajali spremljanje ulova skozi enoletno obdobje. Da bi ugotovili pomen temperature za razširjenost posamezne vrste, smo pasti postavili v tri različne temperaturne pasove. Z raziskavo bomo razjasnili razširjenost omenjenih vrst rodu Tomicus na območju Slovenije, predvsem morfološko kriptičnih vrst T. piniperda in T. destruens, ki sta bili v preteklosti pogosto napačno identificirani. Distribution of the Mediterranean Pine Shoot Beetle ( Tomicus destruens) in Karst forest management region Keywords: bark beetles, Tomicus, Karst, occurence dynamics, distribution, temperatures, black pine Pine shoot beetles ( Tomicus spp.) are bark beetles ( Scolytinae, Curculionidae), which are secondary and primary pine tree pests ( Pinus spp). They mostly infest freshly fallen or weakened trees, where they feed and develop in the phloem and cambium. The young beetles perform maturation feeding on the shoots of one- and two-year-old tree, which can be completely healthy. In Scandinavia and as far as the northern regions of the Mediterranean, two species, Tomicus piniperda and Tomicus minor, are widely spread. In the Mediterranean region, along the Atlantic coasts of Spain, France, and Portugal, the species Tomicus destruens is commonly found, adapted to warmer climatic conditions (mild winters, dry summers). Such conditions are also present in the coastal areas of Slovenia, where the presence of this species has recently been confirmed. The main hosts of T. destruens are Mediterranean pine species such as Pinus pinea, P. halepensis, P. pinaster, and it also occurs on black pine (P. nigra), which is widespread in southwestern Slovenia. According to data from other countries, T. destruens can locally cause economic damage, particularly after fires and during dry periods, when pine trees are weakened and more susceptible to attacks. Due to the increased intensity and frequency of fires in the Karst region in recent years, as well as climate change, there is a possibility that T. destruens will spread from coastal areas towards the interior and begin to cause economic damage in Slovenia as well. Therefore, better research into the biology and ecology of this species in our country is necessary for planning and implementing measures to prevent or reduce these damages. The goal of this research is to determine the distribution and investigate the potential overlap of T. destruens with the distribution of the other two mentioned species of the Tomicus genus in Slovenia, as well as to determine their occurrence dynamics. For this purpose, we have set up 16 cross-traps in black pine stands in the wider Karst Forest management area and conducted monitoring of catches over a one-year period. To determine the significance of temperature for the distribution of each species, traps were placed in three different temperature zones. Through this research, we aim to clarify the distribution of the mentioned Tomicus species in Slovenia, particularly the morphologically cryptic species T. piniperda and T . destruens, which have often been misidentified in the past. 1 Gozdarski inštitut Slovenije, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija *e-mail: luka.capuder@gozdis.si 15 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Špela Modic1*, Primož Žigon1, Eva Praprotnik1, Andrej Kapla2, Patrik Kehrli3, Jaka Razinger1 Vpliv prekrivnega posevka na koristne in škodljive členonožce v vinogradu Ključne besede: biodiverziteta vinogradov, prekrivni posevki, koristni organizmi, škodljivci, varovalno biotično varstvo Biotska raznovrstnost rastlin v medvrstnem prostoru vinograda lahko poleg opraševalcev poveča tudi aktivnost koristnih organizmov, kot so plenilske pršice, pajki, krešiči, polonice, tenčičarice, trepetavke in parazitoidi ter s tem posredno vpliva na naravno obvladovanje škodljivcev vinske trte. V vrstno pestrih posevkih so zastopane rastline, ki rastejo in cvetijo v različnih časovnih obdobjih in koristnim organizmom omogočajo stalen vir hrane (pelod in nektar), življenjski prostor ter alternativni plen. S tem namenom smo preučevali vpliv vrstno pestrega posevka na koristne in škodljive členonožce v vinogradu. Poskus je potekal na območju zgornje Vipavske doline v letih 2019 in 2020. Prekrivni posevek smo v medvrstni prostor sejali v delu ekološkega (Podraga) in integriranega (Manče) vinograda, v drugem delu obeh vinogradov pa smo tla v medvrstnem prostoru obdelovali na tradicionalen način (zatravljeno v Podragi in gola tla v Mančah). Skozi rastno dobo posevka smo sistematično spremljali in vzorčili koristne in škodljive členonožce z rumenimi lepljivimi ploščami, rumenimi lovnimi posodami in feromonskimi vabami. Izpostavljali smo tudi jajčeca križastega grozdnega sukača (2019) in marmorirane smrdljivke (2020), da bi ocenili posreden vpliv posevka na parazitiranje in plenjenje jajčec. Skupno smo analizirali 432 vzorcev iz talnih pasti, 48 vzorcev iz rumenih vodnih pasti in 216 rumenih lepljivih plošč. V obravnavanju, kjer smo sejali posevek, smo v letu 2019 ugotovili značilno večje ulove koristnih členonožcev v vodnih pasteh, medtem ko je bilo plenjene jajčec škodljivcev neznačilno večje. V obravnavanju, kjer smo sejali prekrivni posevek, se je na rumene lepljive plošče ulovilo neznačilno večje število osebkov ameriškega in zelenega škržatka kot tudi koristnih členonožcev (Crysopidae, Coccinellidae, Ichneumonidae, Panorpidae, Syrphidae). Rezultati so pokazali, da vrstno pestri posevki v monokulturah kot je vinograd, povečajo biotsko raznovrstnost in številčnost koristnih členonožcev v vinogradu, vendar ni nujno, da neposredno vplivajo na zmanjšanje populacije nekaterih vrst škodljivcev. Impact of cover crops on pest and beneficial arthropods in vineyards Keywords: vineyard biodiversity, cover crop, beneficial insects, pest, conservation biological control Plant diversity in the inter-rows of vineyards can increase the activity of beneficial insects and thereby not only pollinators, but also natural enemies such as predatory mites, spiders, carabids, ladybugs, lacewings, hoverflies, and parasitoids, indirectly influencing the natural control of grapevine pests. Plants that grow and flower at different times can provide beneficial insects with constant food sources (e.g., pollen and nectar), habitat, and alternative prey. Therefore, the focus of our study was to evaluate the impact of a species-rich cover crop on beneficial insects and pests. The field experiment was conducted in the upper Vipava valley, in both an organic (Podraga) and an integrated vineyard (Manče). In one part of the organic and integrated vineyard, the cover crop was sown in the inter-rows, and in the other part of both vineyards, the soil in the inter-rows was managed in the traditional way (grass in Podraga and bare soil in Manče). Throughout the growing season of the cover crop, arthropods were systematically monitored and sampled with pitfall traps, yellow water and sticky traps. Sentinel eggs of the European grapevine moth (2019) and brown marmorated stink bug (2020) were exposed to naturally occurring entomofauna to assess the impact of cover crops on parasitism and predation. A total of 432 samples from pitfall traps, 48 samples from yellow water traps, and 216 yellow sticky plates were analyzed. In both treatments, we found significantly higher catches of beneficial arthropods within yellow water traps in 2019, while egg predation was insignificantly higher. Yellow sticky traps indicated insignificantly higher captures of two pest leafhoppers Scaphoideus titanus and Empoasca vitis as well as beneficial arthropods (Crysopidae, Coccinellidae, Ichneumonidae, Panorpidae, Syrphidae) in the innovative treatment. Results indicate that cover crops in monocultures, such as vineyards, increase the diversity and abundance of arthropod species, but do not necessarily suppress pest species. 1 Kmetijski inštitut Slovenije, Oddelek za varstvo rastlin, Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana; Slovenija 2 Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija 3 Agroscope, Route de Duillier 50, CP 1012, 1260 Nyon 1, Švica *e-mail: spela.modic@kis.si 16 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Eva Praprotnik1*, Primož Žigon1, Jaka Razinger1 Entomopatogene glive v biotičnem varstvu rastlin pred škodljivimi žuželkami Ključne besede: entomopatogene glive, strune, koloradski hrošč, odnosi rastlina - mikrob - škodljivec Entomopatogene glive (EPG) so se zaradi svoje insekticidne učinkovitosti izkazale kot ustrezno sredstvo za zatiranje škodljivih žuželk v različnih agroekosistemih. Na Kmetijskem inštitutu Slovenije (KIS) smo opravili obsežne raziskave z namenom ovrednotenja njihovega insekticidnega delovanja za zatiranje različnih vrst škodljivcev. V nedavni študiji je bila raziskana učinkovitost 71 izolatov gliv, med katerimi jih večina pripada rodovoma Metarhizium in Beauveria, z namenom preverjanja njihove virulentnosti in potencialne stimulacije rasti koruze. Rezultati so bili obetavni, saj je več izolatov EPG pri ličinkah mokarja ( Tenebrio molitor) povzročilo znatno stopnjo smrtnosti. Najučinkovitejši so bili nekateri izolati vrst Metarhizium brunneum in Beauveria bassiana, saj so povzročili 100 % smrtnost ličink po 14 dneh. Študija je hkrati pokazala, da nekateri izolati EPG, kot je na primer Metarhizium robertsii, znatno povečajo dolžino korenin koruze ter suho maso koruze. V okviru projekta EU ECOBREED smo testirali različne pripravke na osnovi EPG za zatiranje strun (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in koloradskega hrošča ( Leptinotarsa decemlineata) v krompirju. Rezultati so pokazali učinkovitost glivnih bioinsekticidov pri zmanjšanju poškodb zaradi prehranjevanja strun, predvsem pri obravnavanju, kjer smo uporabili formulacijo šestih najvirulentnejših KIS glivnih izolatov na rižu. V slednjem je bilo v primerjavi s kontrolo število lukenj na gomolj manjše za 39.5 % in delež poškodovanih gomoljev manjši za 41.7 %. Uporaba EPG B. bassiana ni pomembno vplivala na smrtnost in prehranjevanje ličink koloradskega hrošča, vendar pa je le-ta v kombinaciji z drugimi bioinsekticidi, kot sta spinosad in azadirahtin, pokazala večjo učinkovitost pri zmanjševanju populacije ličink in defoliacije rastlin tako v laboratorijskih kot tudi terenskih poskusih. Na splošno EPG ponujajo dragocen in okolju prijazen pristop k zatiranju kmetijskih škodljivcev. Njihova dvojna vloga kot sredstva za zatiranje škodljivcev ter sredstva za stimulacijo rasti rastlin, jih skupaj z njihovo združljivostjo s praksami ekološkega kmetovanja naredi spodbudno alternativo kemičnim insekticidom. Entomopathogenic fungi as biocontrol agents against insect plant pests Keywords: entomopathogenic fungi, wireworms, Colorado potato beetle, plant–microbe–pest interactions Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) have demonstrated their potential as effective pest control agents in various agricultural ecosystems. Extensive research has been conducted at the Agricultural Institute of Slovenia to evaluate their insecticidal activity against various insect pests. In a recent study, the efficacy of 71 fungal isolates, mostly belonging to the genera Metarhizium and Beauveria, were investigated for their insecticidal activity and plant growth-promoting properties in maize. The results were promising, with several isolates showing significant mortality rates against yellow mealworm ( Tenebrio molitor) larvae. In particular, isolates of Metarhizium brunneum and Beauveria bassiana were characterized by causing mortality rates of up to 100 % two weeks after inoculation. The study also showed that certain fungal isolates, such as Metarhizium robertsii, increased maize root length and plant dry weight. Further research conducted under the EU ECOBREED project investigated different formulations of EPF for wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) and Colorado potato beetle (CPB; Leptinotarsa decemlineata) control in potato. The results showed the efficacy of fungal bioinsecticides, in particular EPF Metarhizium formulated on rice, as it reduced the number of wireworm tunnels per potato tuber by 39.5 % and the percentage of damaged tubers by 41.7 % compared to the control. On the other hand, fungal treatment with B. bassiana did not significantly control CPB larvae. However, a combination of B. bassiana with other bioinsecticides, such as spinosad and azadirachtin, showed higher efficacy in reducing larval populations and defoliation in laboratory and field experiments. Overall, EPFs offer a valuable and environmentally friendly approach to agricultural pest control. Their dual role as pest control agents and growth stimulants, along with their compatibility with organic farming practices, make them a promising alternative to chemical insecticides. 1 Oddelek za varstvo rastlin, Kmetijski inštitut Slovenije, Hacquetova ulica 17, Ljubljana, Slovenija *e-mail: eva.praprotnik@kis.si 17 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Barbara Zakšek1*, Valerija Zakšek2, Rudi Verovnik2 15 let monitoringa izbranih ciljnih vrst metuljev v Sloveniji Ključne besede: monitoring, Lepidoptera, Natura 2000, metulji, ogrožene vrste Države članice Evropske unije so po Direktivi o habitatih zavezane ohranjati, spremljati stanje in redno poročati ocene ohranjenosti vrst in habitatnih tipov, ki so na prilogah Direktive. S tem namenom se je v Sloveniji leta 2008 vzpostavil in začel izvajati monitoring izbranih ciljnih vrst metuljev. Za vsako vrsto monitoring lahko vsebuje tri nivoje spremljanja: monitoring velikosti izbranih populacij (absolutna ali relativna velikost), monitoring sklenjene razširjenosti (zasedenost ploskev in številčnost) in monitoring robnih in izoliranih populacij (prisotnost vrste). Intervali vzorčenja so različni pri vrstah in so bili določeni glede na poznavanje in ocene trendov za posamezno vrsto. Tekom let beležimo tako izumiranje lokalnih populacij kot zmanjševanje velikosti populacij pri večini vrst. Glavni vzroki so izguba habitata, predvsem slabšanje stanja travnikov zaradi intenzivne kmetijske rabe ali opuščanja le te. Pri zadnjih ocenah je bilo stanje desetih vrst ocenjeno kot neugodno ( Phengaris teleius, P. nausithous, P. arion, Coenonympha oedippus, Euphydryas aurinia, E. maturna, Erebia calcaria, Erannis ankeraria, Parnassius apollo, Leptidea morsei), za dve vrsti kot ugodno ( Zerynthia polyxena, Lycaena dispar) in za eno neznano ( Erioagster catax). 15 years of monitoring of habitats directive butterfly and moth species in Slovenia Keywords: monitoring, Lepidoptera, Natura 2000, threatened species Under the Habitats Directive (HD), EU member states are required to protect, monitor, assess and report on the conservation status of threatened habitats and species listed in the Annexes of HD. Therefore, the first monitoring of HD butterflies in Slovenia was established in 2008 and is running for selected species for 15 years now. For the selected species, we designed three levels of monitoring with different monitoring frequency depending on known habitat requirements and anticipated or known trends of surveyed species: monitoring of absolute or relative population size (selected populations); monitoring of selected core areas (patch occupancy, abundance); monitoring of isolated populations (presence of the species). The results of all three levels of monitoring represent the basis for the conservation status assessment. We have observed extinctions of local populations of several species and declines in population sizes for most. The main causes are habitat loss, mostly disappearance of semi-natural meadows due to intensive agriculture or abandonment. The most recent conservation status assessment is unfavourable for ten species ( Phengaris teleius, P. nausithous, P. arion, Coenonympha oedippus, Euphydryas aurinia, E. maturna, Erebia calcarius, Erannis ankeraria, Parnassius apollo, Leptidea morsei), favourable for two species ( Zerynthia polyxena, Lycaena dispar) and unknown for one species ( Eriogaster catax). 1 Center za kartografijo favne in Flore, Antoličičeva 1, SI-2204 Miklavž na Dravskem polju, Slovenija 2 Biotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za biologijo, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija *e-mail: barbara.zaksek@ckff.si 18 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Bia Rakar1*, Barbara Zakšek2, Valerija Zakšek3 Ovipozicijske preference in larvalni razvoj svetlinovega veščca ( Proserpinus proserpina) v Naravnem rezervatu Škocjanski zatok Ključne besede: svetlinov veščec, dlakavi vrbovec, ovipozicija, gosenica Svetlinov veščec ( Proserpinus proserpina) je metulj iz družine veščcev (Sphingidae), katerega razširjenost, življenjski prostor in ekologija so v Sloveniji slabo poznani, čeprav je vrsta v Sloveniji zavarovana, prav tako je navedena na prilogi IV Direktive o habitatih. Po naključju je bila leta 2018 na učni poti Naravnega rezervata Škocjanski zatok (NRŠZ) opažena in fotografirana gosenica svetlinovega veščca v zadnjem larvalnem stadiju, ki je potrdila prisotnost vrste na območju. Prisotnost le te v predhodnih raziskavah favne nočnih metuljev z uporabo svetlobnih šotorov ni bila zabeležena. Zato smo začele s sistematično raziskavo drugih razvojnih stadijev (jajčeca in gosenice), ki smo ji opazili izključno na dlakavem vrbovcu ( Epilobium hirsutum). Leta 2020 smo sistematično opazovale sestoje dlakavega vrbovca vzdolž učne poti v NRŠZ: konec maja smo zabeležile pojavljanje jajčec in v juniju gosenice, ki so do tretjega stadija ostajale na istem listu rastline kamor je bilo odloženo jajčece. V 2023 smo popisale vse lokacije in velikost sestojev dlakavega vrbovca na območju NRŠZ in v začetku maja (9. 5. 2023) opazile prva jajčeca. V maju smo opravile tri večerne preglede življenjskega prostora in nočne popise s svetlobnimi piramidami, a odraslih osebkov nismo zabeležile. Prvi preliminarni rezultati kažejo, da samice za ovipozicijo izbirajo sestoje dlakavih vrbovcev, ki so osončeni ali v polsenci, kjer jajčeca odlagajo na povprečni višini 69 centimetrov nad tlemi (40–115 cm). Večinoma odložijo po eno jajčece na spodnjo listno ploskev (81 %) in le eno jajčece na celotno rastlino (v 80 %). Gosenice se v začetnih larvalnih stadijih hranijo in zadržujejo na spodnji listni ploskvi, kasneje pa se čez dan med mirovanjem zadržujejo tudi na steblu. Ta raziskava predstavlja prvi korak k boljšemu poznavanju te zavarovane vrste in njenega življenjskega prostora v Sloveniji. Oviposition and larval preferences of the Willowherb Hawkmoth ( Proserpinus proserpina) in Škocjanski zatok nature reserve Keywords: Willowherb Hawkmoth, hairy willowherb, oviposition, caterpillar, Slovenia The Willowherb Hawkmoth ( Proserpinus proserpina) is a moth of the Sphingidae family. Its distribution, habitat, and ecology in Slovenia are poorly known, although the species is protected and listed in Annex IV of the Habitats Directive. In 2018, a caterpillar of the Willow Hawkmoth (in the last larval stage) was observed by chance and photographed on the trail in Škocjanski zatok Nature Reserve (NRŠZ), confirming the presence of this species in the area, which had not been detected during previous surveys of the moth fauna using light traps. Therefore, we started a systematic survey of eggs and larvae, which were observed exclusively on the hairy willowherb ( Epilobium hirsutum). Thus, in 2020, we systematically monitored plots of the hairy willowherb along the education trail in NRŠZ: we observed eggs in late May and larvae in June. Larvae remained on the same leaf of the hairy willowherb where the egg was laid until the third larval stage. In 2023, we mapped all locations and counted number of the hairy willowherb in the NRŠZ. We observed the first eggs in early May (9th May 2023). In May, we carried out three evening surveys of the habitat and a night light sampling, but no adults were recorded. The first preliminary results show that females prefer sunny patches of hairy willowherbs or partially shaded for oviposition, where eggs were laid at an average height of 69 cm above the ground (40-115 cm). The caterpillars feed and stay on the underside of the leave during the first larval stages, and later in the day, during dormancy, they also stay on the stem. This study is a first step towards a better understanding of this protected species and its habitat in Slovenia. 1 Seča 145, 6320 Portorož, Slovenija 2 Center za kartografijo favne in flore, Antoličičeva 1, 2204 Miklavž na Dravskem polju, Slovenija 3 Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za biologijo, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija *e-mail: bia.rakar@gmail.com 19 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Ines Gorkič1, Jure Jugovic1, Martina Lužnik1* Strašničin mravljiščar Phengaris teleius (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) na območju Pivških presihajočih jezer: primer viabilne metapopulacije? Ključne besede: metoda lova, označevanja in ponovnega ulova (MRR), varstvo, Cormack-Jolly-Seber, demografija V dvoletni raziskavi (2021–2022) smo z metodo lova, označevanje in ponovnega ulova (mark-release-recapture: MRR) raziskovali lokalno razširjenost in populacijsko demografijo Phengaris teleius na slabo povezanih habitatnih krpah na neustrezno raziskanem območju Pivških presihajočih jezer. Identificirali smo skupaj osem potencialno primernih habitatov za P. teleius, vendar so bili nekateri neustrezno pokošeni. Prisotnost P. teleius ni bila potrjena v treh od teh zaplat v nobenem od dveh let, medtem ko so bili nekateri naseljeni le v enem od dveh let, kljub potrjeni prisotnosti gostiteljske rastline gosenic ( Sanguisorba officinalis) in/ali gostiteljske mravlje gosenic ( Myrmica sp.). Čeprav vse habitatne krpe niso bile zasedene, bi lahko potencialno primerne krpe povečale povezljivost in olajšale prehode med nekaterimi krpami. Modeli premikov (inverzna potenčna funkcija) nakazujejo, da ima ta vrsta metapopulacijsko strukturo na proučevanem območju. Skupna velikost populacije, ocenjena na treh krpah (od teh dve zasedeni) leta 2021, je bila 512 osebkov: 315 samic (95 % interval zaupanja (IZ): 205–525) in 197 samcev (95 % IZ: 159–265). Predvidevamo, da bi populacija na proučevanem območju lahko bila viabilna, vendar predlagamo večletno zbiranje podatkov o populacijski dinamiki, da bi domnevo o dolgoročnem preživetju zanesljivo potrdili. The Scarce Large Blue Phengaris teleius (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in Seasonal lakes of Pivka nature park: an existence of a viable metapopulation? Keywords: mark-release recapture (MRR), conservation, Cormack-Jolly-Seber, demography In a two-year study (2021–2022), we investigated the local distribution and population demography of Phengaris teleius on poorly connected habitat patches in the inadequately studied area of the Pivka intermittent lakes using the mark-release-recapture method (MRR). We identified a total of eight potentially suitable habitat patches for P. teleius, but some were unsuitably mowed. The presence of P. teleius was not confirmed in three of these patches in neither of the two years, while some were occupied only in one of the two years, despite the confirmed presence of larval host plant ( Sanguisorba officinalis) and/or larval host ant ( Myrmica sp.). Although not all patches were occupied, potentially suitable patches could increase the connectivity and serve as stepping stones within the network of patches. Dispersal models (inverse power function) imply that this species has a metapopulation structure in the studied area. The estimated total population size estimated in three patches (two of which were occupied) in 2021 was 512 individuals: i.e., 315 females (95% confidence interval (CI): 205– 525) and 197 males (95% CI: 159– 265). We predict that the population in the studied area could be viable, but we still propose a multi-year data collection on population dynamics for these specific populations to confirm viability more certainly. 1 Univerza na Primorskem, Fakulteta za matematiko, naravoslovje in informacijske tehnologije, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenija *e-mail: martina.luznik@upr.si 20 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Tatjana Čelik1* Reintrodukcija za preprečitev izumrtja vlagoljubnega ekotipa vrste Coenonympha oedippus v Sloveniji Ključne besede: reintrodukcija, varstvene translokacije, Coenonympha oedippus Coenonympha oedippus je ogrožena vrsta dnevnega metulja, ki je navedena v prilogah II in IV Direktive o habitatih. V Sloveniji ima dva ekotipa (vlagoljubnega in suholjubnega), ki se razlikujeta morfološko, ekološko in genetsko. V zadnjih 25-ih letih se je razširjenost in številčnost populacij vlagoljubnega ekotipa drastično zmanjšala zaradi uničenja in razdrobljenosti bivališč kot posledica intenzivnega kmetijstva in urbanizacije. Do leta 2018 je preživela le ena populacija s približno 500 osebki. Posledično smo oblikovali naravovarstveni program za ohranitev vlagoljubnega ekotipa v Sloveniji, ki vključuje ex-situ vzrejo, ponovno naselitev in okrepitev izvorne populacije. Naš strateški pristop pri načrtovanju in izvajanju ohranitvenih ukrepov je temeljil na treh dokumentih: IUCN smernice za ponovne naselitve, IUCN smernice za upravljanje populacij ex-situ in Izboljšani standardi za varstvene translokacije metuljev. V treh letih (2019–2022) ex-situ vzreje od jajčeca do bube smo v območje ponovne naselitve izpustili 398 osebkov in 62 osebkov vrnili v izvorno populacijo. Populacijski monitoring v letu 2022 je pokazal, da se je izvorna populacija od prve okrepitve (2020) skoraj podvojila. Po izpustitvi 266 bub (2020: 155, 2021: 111) je bila reintroducirana populacija ocenjena na 71±5 osebkov v letu 2021 in na 133±7 osebkov v letu 2022. Reintroduction to prevent the extinction of wet ecotype of Coenonympha oedippus in Slovenia Keywords: reintroduction, conservation translocations, Coenonympha oedippus Coenonympha oedippus is an endangered European butterfly species listed in the Annexes II and IV of the Habitats Directive. The species has developed two ecotypes (wet and dry) in Slovenia, which differ morphologically, ecologically and genetically. The wet ecotype has experienced a significant decline in its range and abundance over the last 25 years due to habitat destruction and fragmentation caused by intensive agriculture and urbanisation. By 2018, only one population of about 500 individuals survived. As a result, we began developing a species recovery programme that includes ex-situ breeding, reintroduction and supplementation. Our strategic approach in designing and implementing conservation actions followed three documents: the IUCN Guidelines for Reintroductions, the IUCN Guidelines for Ex-situ management and the Improving standards for at-risk butterfly translocations. During the three years (2019–2022) of ex-situ breeding from egg to pupa, we released 398 individuals into the reintroduction area and returned 62 individuals to the source population. Monitoring in 2022 showed that source population had almost doubled in size since the first reinforcement (2020). After the release of 266 pupae (2020: 155, 2021: 111), the reintroduced population was estimated at 71±5 and 133±7 individuals in 2021 and 2022, respectively. 1 ZRC SAZU, Biološki inštitut Jovana Hadžija, Novi trg 2, SI – 1000 Ljubljana *e-mail: tatjana.celik@zrc-sazu.si 21 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Kaja Vereš1, Luka Kostadinovski2, Anja Kržič2, Martin Senič2, Petra Gabrovšek2, Živa Fišer2, Tatjana Čelik3, Branko Vreš3, Barbara Zakšek4, Kaja Vukotić4, Sara Zupan2, Martina Lužnik2, Jure Jugovic2* Upad populacije barjanskega okarčka Coenonympha oedippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) na s požarom prizadetem območju na Krasu Ključne besede: metoda lova, označevanja in ponovnega ulova (MRR), varstvo, upad, povezljivost habitatov Severozahodni del Krasa predstavlja eno izmed najpomembnejših in ključnih območij za obstoj ogroženega barjanskega okarčka v Sloveniji. Območje pri Cerju je v dveh poletjih (2019 in 2022) prizadel požar, zato nas je zanimalo, kakšen je neposreden vpliv prvega požara na stanje populacije v letu 2020–2022 ter kakšni so obeti za prihodnost. Medtem ko je v prvem požaru zgorel le del območja, kjer se izvaja redni monitoring velikosti populacije te vrste, pa je v drugem požaru pogorelo skoraj celotno območje monitoringa. V dvanajstih terenskih dneh v prvem letu po požaru smo označili 214 osebkov (87 samcev in 127 samic), od tega je bilo ponovno ujetih 47,2 % vseh živali. Velikost populacije je bila ocenjena na 108 samcev (95 % interval zaupanja: 100–124) in 156 samic (143–179), kar je bil približno tričetrtinski upad velikosti populacije od leta pred tem (2019). Prevladovali so preleti na kratke razdalje. Največje zgostitve živali smo zabeležili na območju z visoko prisotnostjo hranilnih rastlin, medtem ko so bile zgostitve na delu v zaraščanju manjše. Na pogorelem območju smo v letu 2020 ujeli zgolj tri živali, v naslednjih dveh letih (2021 in 2022 – tik pred novim požarom) pa se je število živali na pogorelem območju zviševalo. Za pogorelo območje predvidevamo, da gosenice v rastlinskem opadu ali ostankih zeliščne plasti niso mogle preživeti, saj je na tem območju pogorel celoten vegetacijski pokrov. Habitat na pogorelem območju se je v naslednjih letih (2021, 2022) počasi obnavljal. Noben od požarov pa ni neposredno prizadel sistema 13 krp 1–3 km južno od Cerja med vasema Opatje selo in Lokvica, kjer smo z metodo MRR popisovali barjanskega okarčka tako v letih 2020 kot 2023. Preliminarni rezultati kažejo, da je tudi tamkajšnja populacija močno upadla, a bi ob zabeleženem preletu med obema območjema iz leta 2020, lahko služila kot vir novih živali za obnavljajoče se območje na Cerju v prihodnosti. Estimate of the population decline of the False Ringlet Coenonympha oedippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) on the area affected by fire in Karst Keywords: mark-release-recapture (MRR), conservation, population size decline, habitat connectivity The north-western part of the Karst represents one of the most important and key areas for the existence of the endangered False ringlet Coenonympha oedippus in Slovenia. The monitoring area near Cerje was affected by fire during two summers (2019 and 2022) and we tried to estimate the direct impact on population of the first fire (2019) in years 2020–2022 and what the future prospects for this species are in this area. While in the first fire (2019) only a part of population monitoring area was burnt, the second fire (2022) burned down almost the entire monitoring area. During twelve field days in the first year after the fire, we marked 214 individuals (87 males and 127 females), of which 47.2% of all animals were recaptured. The population size was estimated at 108 males (95% confidence interval: 100–124) and 156 females (143–179), which was about a three-quarters decline in population size from the year before (2019). Short-distance flights predominated. The highest density of animals was recorded in the area with a high abundance of larval host plants, while the density was lower in the parts with owergrowth. In 2020, we caught only three animals in the burned area, and in the following two years (2021 and 2022 - just before the new fire), the number of animals in the burned area steadily increased. For the burned area, we assume that the caterpillars could not survive in the organic matter or the remains of the herbaceous layer, since in this area, the entire vegetation cover was burned. The habitat in the burnt area slowly recovered in the following years (2021, 2022). However, none of the two fires directly affected the system of 13 habitat patches 1–3 km south of Cerje between the villages of Opatje selo and Lokvica, where we used the MRR method to survey the false ringlet populations during 2020 and 2023. The preliminary results show that in this area a sharp decline in a population also occured, but with the recorded flight between the two areas from 2020, and possible increase of population size in the following years this area between Opatje selo and Lokvica could hopefully serve as a source of new individuals for the regenerating area on Cerje in the future. 1 Podgrad 50, 9250 Gornja Radgona, Slovenija 2 Univerza na Primorskem, Fakulteta za matematiko, naravoslovje in informacijske tehnologije, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenija 3 ZRC SAZU, Biološki inštitut Jovana Hadžija, Novi trg 2, SI – 1000 Ljubljana 4 Center za kartografijo favne in Flore, Antoličičeva 1, SI-2204 Miklavž na Dravskem polju *e-mail: jure.jugovic@upr.si 22 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Damjan Vinko1 *, Matjaž Bedjanič1, 2, 5, Ali Šalamun1, 3, Ana Tratnik1, Geert De Knijf4, 5, Magnus Billqvist6, Roy van Grunsven5, 7, Florent Prunier8, Peter Kogovšek1, Maja Bahor1, Nina Erbida1, Aleksander Kozina1, Nik Šabeder1, Nika Tivadar1, Mark Plut1 & Rok Havliček9 Ohranjanje biodiverzitete je naša kulturna in družbena dolžnost: stanje poznavanja in izzivi varstva favne kačjih pastirjev (Odonata) Slovenije Ključne besede: Direktiva o habitatih, kačji pastirji, monitoring, Odonata, ohranjanje narave, Rdeči seznam, Slovensko odonatološko društvo Predstavljen je pregled odonatoloških raziskav in trenutno stanje poznavanja favne kačjih pastirjev Slovenije (Odonata). Opisane so dejavnosti Slovenskega odonatološkega društva ter poudarjen pomen naše nacionalne odonatološke zbirke podatkov, vzdrževane v sodelovanju s Centrom za kartografijo favne in flore. Ta vsebuje več kot 65500 favnističnih podatkov za 73 vrst kačjih pastirjev. Na regionalni ravni so ocene stanja ogroženosti in analize v okviru novega IUCN Evropskega rdečega seznama kačjih pastirjev (2023) pokazale, da je tretjina evropskih vrst kačjih pastirjev zdaj do neke mere ogrožena. Treba je poudariti, da so v zadnjem desetletju na evropski ravni postale ogrožene skoraj vse vrste barij in oligotrofnih vod (npr. Aeshna subarctica, A. grandis, A. juncea, Leucorrhinia dubia). Varstvo vrst kačjih pastirjev je v Sloveniji zakonodajno zadovoljivo urejeno, čeprav le na papirju. Sistematičnega monitoringa država še vedno ne izvaja, tudi poročanje Slovenije v skladu s 17. členom Direktive o habitatih je sporno. Za 11 vrst po letu 2014 ni podatkov o pojavljanju v državi (npr. Aeshna viridis, Leucorrhinia caudalis), štirih vrst v tem stoletju nismo zabeležili. Vse te vrste so pri nas zavarovane, tako da nimamo aktualnih podatkov o pojavljanju skoraj polovice (48 %) vseh zavarovanih vrst kačjih pastirjev. V izvajanje naše naravovarstvene politike je treba nujno vključiti vse ogrožene vrste, ne nazadnje tudi vrste iz Priloge IV Direktive o habitatih. Slovenska vlada bi morala nemudoma začeti usmerjeno vlagati v izboljšanje znanja o naši biodiverziteti ter v razvoj in aktivno izvajanje ukrepov za ohranjanje vrst in njihovih habitatov. Potreben je celovit popis celotne favne kačjih pastirjev z usmerjenim terenskim delom in kasnejšim monitoringom. Revizija zastarelega Rdečega seznama rastlinskih in živalskih vrst Slovenije izpred skoraj četrt stoletja bi morala biti prednostna naloga. Evropski rdeči seznam kačjih pastirjev pod okriljem IUCN je dober zgled posodobljenega rdečega seznama, ki se ga revidira vsakih 10 let. Biodiversity conservation is our cultural and social duty: the state of knowledge of the Odonata fauna of Slovenia and the challenges of its protection Keywords: dragonflies, the Habitats Directive, monitoring, nature conservation, Odonata, Red list, Slovene Dragonfly Society An overview of odonatological research and the current state of knowledge of the Odonata fauna in Slovenia is presented. The activities of the Slovene Dragonfly Society are outlined and the importance of the national odonatological database, maintained in the cooperation with the Centre for Cartography of Fauna and Flora and containing over 65,500 faunistic data for 73 Odonata species, is emphasised. At the regional level, threat status assessments and analyses under the new European IUCN Red List of Odonata (2023) have shown that one third of European dragonfly species are now threatened to some extent. It is particularly noteworthy that almost all species restricted to bogs and oligotrophic waters have become threatened at the European level in the last decade (e.g. Aeshna subarctica, A. grandis, A. juncea, Leucorrhinia dubia). The protection of Odonata species in Slovenia is satisfactorily covered by legislation, although only on paper. Systematic state-funded monitoring is still not carried out. For 11 species there are no records of occurrence in Slovenia after 2014 (e.g., Aeshna viridis, Leucorrhinia caudalis), 4 have not been recorded in this century. All of these species are nationally protected, so we lack up-to-date occurrence data for almost half (48%) of all protected dragonfly species. In addition, Slovenia's reporting under Article 17 of the Habitats Directive is controversial. It is essential to include all threatened species, not to mention species listed in Annex IV of the Habitats Directive, in our nature conservation policies implementation. The Slovenian government should immediately start investing in targeted expansion of knowledge about our biodiversity and in the development and active implementation of measures for the conservation of species and their habitats. An inventory of the entire Odonata fauna with targeted field work and subsequent monitoring is needed. A revision of the outdated national Red List of the flora and fauna of Slovenia should be a priority after almost a quarter of a century. The European IUCN Red List of Odonata is a good example of an updated Red List that should be revised every 10 years. 1 Slovensko odonatološko društvo (Slovene Dragonfly Society), Slovenia; 2 Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo (National Institute of Biology), Slovenia; 3 Center za kartografijo favne in flore (Centre for Cartography of Fauna and Flora), Slovenia; 4 Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Belgium; 5 IUCN Dragonfly Specialist Group; 6 Swedish Society for Conservation of Nature in Scania, Sweden; 7 Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen, the Netherlands; 8 Andalusian Dragonflies Recording Scheme, Spain; 9 Agencija Republike Slovenije za okolje (Slovenian Environment Agency), projekt LIFE NarcIS, Slovenia *e-mail: damjan.vinko@gmail.com 23 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Ali Šalamun1,2, Damjan Vinko2, Matjaž Bedjanič2,3 Stanje dristavičnega spreletavca ( Leucorrhinia pectoralis) (Odonata: Libellulidae) v Sloveniji Ključne besede: redka vrsta, karizmatična vrsta, zaščita, indikatorska vrsta Dristavični spreletavec Leucorrhinia pectoralis je v Sloveniji redka in kritično ogrožena vrsta na južni meji območja razširjenosti v Evropi. Živi v osončenih stoječih vodah z dobro razvitim vodnim in obvodnim rastlinjem, ki so obkrožene z gozdom. Do leta 2020 je bilo v državi znanih le 17 najdišč z 9 območij, večinoma v SV Sloveniji, z upoštevanjem najdb le po letu 2010 pa na samo 5-ih območjih. V osrednji Sloveniji je bila vrsta ponovno najdena leta 2017 na robu Ljubljanskega barja v naravnem rezervatu Ribniki v dolini Drage pri Igu. Od leta 2019 je dristavični spreletavec ena od ciljnih vrst projekta »LIFE-IP NATURA.SI: Integriran projekt za okrepljeno upravljanje Nature 2000 v Sloveniji - LIFE17IPE/SI/000011«. V zadnjih treh letih smo vrsto po več kot desetletju ponovno našli na dveh najdiščih ter prvič popisali na 4-ih. Dve od teh sta na Dolenjskem, od koder vrsta prej ni ni bila znana. Kljub novim najdbam je stanje dristavičnega spreletavca v Sloveniji zaskrbljujoče. Ribnik v enem od šestih območij Natura 2000, razglašenih z namenom zagotavljanja ugodnega ohranitvenega stanja vrste pri nas, je po letih degradacije suh, dristavični spreletavec je bil tam zadnjič opažen pred 25-imi leti. V drugem območju ribnike nenadzorovano puščajo prazne čez zimo, kar onemogoča preživetje ličink in razvoj vrste. Doslej je bilo s strani države narejenega veliko premalo za zaščito in ohranitev dristavičnega spreletavca v Sloveniji. Upamo, da je še trajajoči projekt LIFE-IP NATURA.SI, katerega cilj je tudi priprava načrta monitoringa, prvi korak k ohranitvi te karizmatične vrste kačjih pastirjev pri nas. Ker je indikator biotsko najbogatejših stoječih vodnih ekosistemov, ima ohranjanje bivališč dristavičnega spreletavca krovni efekt za mnoge druge ogrožene rastline in živali. Status of the Yellow-Spotted Whiteface ( Leucorrhinia pectoralis) (Odonata: Libellulidae) in Slovenia Keywords: rare species, charismatic species, conservation, indicator species The Yellow-spotted Whiteface Leucorrhinia pectoralis is a rare and critically endangered species in Slovenia along the southern border of its range in Europe. It inhabits sunlit stagnant waters with well-developed aquatic and riparian vegetation, surrounded by forest. Until 2020, only 17 sites from 9 areas had been known, predominantly in NE Slovenia, with finds after 2010 in 5 areas only. The species was rediscovered in Central Slovenia in 2017 on the edge of Ljubljana Marshes in Ponds in the valley of Draga Natural Reserve. Since 2019, The Yellow-spotted Whiteface is one of the target species of the project "LIFE-IP NATURA.SI: Integrated project for enhanced management of Natura 2000 in Slovenia - LIFE17IPE/SI/000011". In the last three years, after more than a decade, the species was re-discovered at 2 sites and inventoried for the first time at 4 sites. Two of these are situated in the Dolenjska region, from where the species was previously unknown. Despite the new findings, the conservation status of the species remains alarming. The pond in one of the country's six Natura 2000 sites, declared with the aim of ensuring a favourable conservation status of the species, is dried out after years of degradation, with the species last seen there 25 years ago. In another area, the ponds are left without water during the winter, which prevents the development of larvae and of the species. Till now, not even near enough has been done by the state to protect and preserve the species. It is hoped, however, that the ongoing LIFE-IP NATURA.SI project, which also aims at preparing a monitoring scheme, is the first step towards conserving this charismatic dragonfly species in Slovenia. As the Yellow-spotted Whiteface is an indicator of the biotically richest standing water ecosystems, the conservation of its habitats has an umbrella effect on several other endangered plants and animals. 1 Center za kartografijo favne in flore/Centre for Cartography of Fauna and Flora, Ljubljana, Slovenija 2 Slovensko odonatološko društvo/Slovene Dragonfly Society, Ljubljana, Slovenija 3 Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo/National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenija *e-mail: ali.salamun@ckff.si 24 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Saška Lipovšek1,2,3*, Tanja Vajs1, Vesna Klokočovnik2 Vpliv insekticidov na ličinke volkcev Euroleon nostras: preliminarni rezultati Ključne beside: insekticidi, ličinke volkcev, histologija, vedenje, razvoj Raziskovali smo vpliv dveh insekticidov: klorantraniliprola (Coragen) in Curatia (ekološki insekticid) na ličinke volkcev Euroleon nostras. Osredotočili smo se na razvoj, vedenje ter strukturo epitelijskih celic srednjega črevesa. Ličinke so bile izpostavljene insekticidoma v dveh koncentracijah, 12 % in 1 %. Insekticid so zaužile tako, da smo jih hranili s kontaminiranimi mravljami, ki so bile za 10 sekund potopljene v insekticid. Ličinke smo nahranili osemkrat (dvakrat na teden) v 28 dneh. Kontrolno skupino ličink smo hranili z nekontaminiranimi mravljami. Epitelne celice srednjega črevesa ličink iz kontrolne skupine so imele običajno strukturo. Strukturne spremembe, vključno z nekrozo in vakuolizacijo citoplazme, smo opazili v tkivu osebkov, ki so bili izpostavljeni 12% Coragenu. Pri ličinkah, ki so bile kontaminirane z 1% Coragenom, so bile strukturne spremembe manj izrazite. Srednje črevo volkcev, izpostavljenih 12 % raztopini Curatia, je bilo podobno srednjemu črevesu volkcev v kontrolni skupini; v večini pregledanih ličink je bila struktura epitelnih celic normalna, redko smo opazili le malenkostne strukturne spremembe. Srednje črevo volkcev, ki so bili izpostavljeni 1% Curatiu je bilo primerljivo srednjemu črevesu kontrolnih osebkov. Smrtnost pred ali med stadijem bube je bila največja v skupini, ki je prejemala 12 % Coragen (55,5 %) in 33,3 % v skupini, ki je prejemala 1 % Coragen. V skupini, ki je prejemala Curatio obeh koncentracij, je preživela večina ličink (90 %). Pri analizi vedenja smo bili pozorni na trajanje gradnje lijaka ter frekvenco lučanja peska med gradnjo. Ličinke, tretirane z 12 % Coragenom, so imele najdaljši čas gradnje (90 min), tiste, tretirane z 1 % Curatiom, pa najkrajšega (32 min). V povprečju so ličinke v kontrolni skupini zgradile lijak v 36 minutah. V frekvenci lučanja peska med skupinami ni bilo razlik, smo pa opazili, da so se ličinke tretirane z 12 % in 1 % Coragenom med gradnjo večkrat za dlje časa ustavile. The effect of the insecticides on larvae of antlion Euroleon nostras: preliminary results Keywords: insecticides, antlion larvae, histology, behavior, development We investigated the effects of two insecticides: Chlorantraniliprole (Coragen) and Curatio (ecological insecticide), on the larvae of the antlion Euroleon nostras. We focused on the development and behavior of the antlions and the structure of their midgut epithelial cells. Larvae were exposed to two different concentrations, 12% and 1% of each insecticide. Larvae ingested the insecticide by being fed contaminated ants immersed in the insecticide for 10 seconds. Larvae were fed eight times (two per week) over 28 days. A group of larvae served as a control and were fed uncontaminated ants. Light microscopy of semi-thin sections of the midgut of the control antlions showed typical epithelial cell structure. Severe structural alterations, including necrosis and vacuolization of cytoplasm, were observed in the tissue of individuals exposed to 12% Coragen. Antlions exposed to 1% Coragen showed milder tissue degeneration than larvae exposed to 12% Coragen. The midgut of antlions exposed to 12% Curatio appeared as the midgut of antlions in the control group; in most antlions examined, the structure seemed normal, and only minor structural changes were present. The midgut of antlions exposed to 1% Curatio was comparable to the midgut of control individuals. Mortality before or during pupation was highest in the group receiving 12% Coragen (55.5%) and 33.3% in the group receiving 1% Coragen. Most larvae survived in the groups that received Curatio (90%). In analyzing behavior, we observed the duration of pit construction and the frequency of sand tossing during construction. The antlions treated with 12% Coragen had the longest construction time (90 min), while those treated with 1% Curatio had the shortest (32 min). On average, the antlions in the control group built the pit in 36 minutes. No differences were found in the frequency of sand tossing; however, the larvae treated with 12% and 1% Coragen stopped several times during construction. 1 Medicinska fakulteta, Univerza v Mariboru, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenija 2 Oddelek za biologijo, Fakulteta za naravoslovje in matematiko, Univerza v Mariboru, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenija 3 Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo, Smetanova ulica 17, Univerza v Mariboru, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia *e-mail: saska.lipovsek@um.si 25 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Andrej Kapla1, Al Vrezec1*, Matjaž Bedjanič1 Nova spoznanja o razširjenosti in ogroženosti brazdarja ( Rhysodes sulcatus) v Sloveniji (Coleoptera: Rhysodidae) Ključne besede: habitatna direktiva, Natura 2000, razširjenost, varstvo narave, Coleoptera, Slovenija V okviru večletnega strateškega naravovarstvenega »LIFE integriranega projekta za okrepljeno upravljanje Nature 2000 v Sloveniji« (LIFE-IP NATURA.SI) smo na izbranih območjih Slovenije sistematično popisovali brazdarja ( Rhysodes sulcatus). Gre za zelo ogroženega saproksilnega hrošča, zavarovanega po Habitatni direktivi EU in nacionalni zakonodaji, vezanega na gozdne sestoje z večjo količino odmrle lesne mase in veliko pestrostjo gozdnega prostora. Za brazdarja so bili pred raziskavo znani le posamični starejši podatki z Boča in Kočevskega. V letih 2019–2023 smo izvedli ciljne popise s pregledovanjem odmrle ležeče hlodovine v skoraj 30 gozdnih območjih Slovenije, pri čemer smo se osredotočili na gozdne rezervate in njihovo okolico. Prisotnost brazdarja smo potrdili v jugovzhodni, vzhodni in severovzhodni Sloveniji. Nova širša območja z zabeleženo prisotnostjo vrste so Gorjanci, Bohor, Orlica, Donačka gora, Macelj, Murska šuma, Lendavske gorice in Goričko. Ocenjujemo, da je brazdar v slovenskih gozdovih prisoten nekoliko širše, kot so nakazovali v preteklosti zbrani podatki, a tudi, da so populacije vrste nezadostno vključene v omrežje Natura 2000. Izven gozdnih rezervatov je količina in ustreznost ležeče odmrle lesne mase nizka in za brazdarja večinoma suboptimalna. Predlagamo dosledno ohranitev obstoječih gozdnih rezervatov in povečanje njihovega obsega ter povečanje obsega sestojev s prilagojenim gospodarjenjem na širših območjih pojavljanja vrste. Za dolgoročno preživetje vrste je treba zagotoviti večje količine debelega odmrlega lesa v napredovalih fazah razgradnje v slovenskih gozdovih. New knowledge on the distribution and threat status of the beetle Rhysodes sulcatus in Slovenia (Coleoptera: Rhysodidae) Keywords: Habitats Directive, Natura 2000, distribution, nature conservation, Coleoptera, Slovenia As part of the multi-year strategic nature conservation project » LIFE integrated project for enhanced management of Natura 2000 in Slovenia« (LIFE-IP NATURA.SI), the beetle species Rhysodes sulcatus was systematically surveyed in selected sites in Slovenia. It is an endangered saproxylic species, protected by the EU Habitats Directive and national legislation and associated with forest stands with a large amount of deadwood mass and a great diversity of forest habitats. Till recently, it was known only from single records in the Boč and Kočevsko region. Between 2019 and 2023, we conducted inventories by examining dead lying logs in nearly 30 forest areas in Slovenia, with a focus on forest reserves and their surroundings. The occurrence of Rhysodes sulcatus was confirmed in southeastern, eastern and northeastern Slovenia. New wider localities with known occurences of the species are Gorjanci, Bohor, Orlica, Donačka gora, Macelj, Murska šuma, Lendavske gorice and Goričko. We estimate that Rhysodes sulcatus is somewhat more widespread in Slovenian forests than data collected in the past suggested, but also that populations of the species are not sufficiently included in the Natura 2000 network. Outside of forest reserves, the quantity and suitability of lying deadwood is low and suboptimal for the species. We propose to consistently maintain existing forest reserves, increase their extent and increase the extent of forest stands with adjusted management in the wider areas of the species' occurrence. For the long-term survival of this endangered saproxylic species it is necessary to secure and increase the amount of deadwood logs of larger dimensions in advanced stages of decomposition in Slovenian forests. 1 Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija *e-mail vodilnega avtorja: al.vrezec@nib.si 26 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Valerija Zakšek1*, Rudi Verovnik1 Izzivi ohranjanja metuljev na območju Natura 2000 Slovenska Istra Ključne besede: travniški postavnež, barjanski okarček, suha travišča, mozaična raba, ekstenzivna raba travišč Spremembe kmetijske rabe, zlasti intenzifikacija kmetijstva in opuščanje tradicionalne rabe travišč so glavni vzroki za upad pestrosti metuljev tako v Evropi kot v Sloveniji. Stanje ohranjenosti travniškega postavnega ( Euphydryas aurinia) in barjanskega okarčka ( Coenonympha oedippus) v Sloveniji je bilo ocenjeno kot neugodno. Zato smo v letih 2019 in 2020 na območju Natura 2000 Slovenska Istra (SI3000212) prvič podrobneje raziskali stanje obeh vrst (projekt LIFE-IP NATURA.SI), kar je osnova za vzpostavitev ustreznih varstvenih ukrepov in izboljšanje stanja ohranjenosti. Območje Slovenske Istre je mozaična kmetijska kulturna krajina, s številnimi flišnimi terasami. Več kot polovico območja prekrivajo gozdne površine, med območji v kmetijski rabi pa prevladujejo trajni nasadi (večinoma oljčniki), med njimi pa se prepleta mozaik ekstenzivno rabljenih in zaraščajočih suhih in polsuhih travišč. Na več kot 400 ha potencialnega habitata smo ugotavljali prisotnost in številčnost obeh vrst. Barjanski okarček se pojavlja po celotnem območju Natura 2000, najštevilčnejši pa je na južnih pobočjih nad Dragonjo in v dolini reke Rokave. Na posamezni habitatni krpi smo zabeležili od enega do 109 osebkov, povprečna oddaljenost med habitatnimi krpami je bila 211 metrov. Skoraj polovica habitatnih krp barjanskega okarčka so zemljišča v zaraščanju ali gozd. Travniški postavnež je razmeroma sklenjeno razširjen v osrednjem in vzhodnem delu območja, medtem ko se v zahodnem delu območja pojavlja zelo razdrobljeno. Na posamezni habitatni krpi smo zabeležili od enega do 49 osebkov, povprečna razdalja med habitatnimi krpami je bila 192 metrov. Več kot polovica habitatnih krp so bili odprta suha travišča ali površine v zaraščanju. Za zagotavljanje ugodnega ohranitvenega stanja tako travniškega postavneža kot barjanskega okarčka v Slovenski Istri je ključno ohranjanje odprtih, ekstenzivno rabljenih suhih travišč in njihove mozaične razporeditve ter mozaične rabe. Pomembno je ohranjanje in zagotavljanje povezljivosti med habitatnimi krpami ter preprečevati nadaljnje zaraščanje in spreminjanje travišč v trajne nasade, predvsem oljčnike. Challenges of conservation of butterflies in Natura 2000 site Slovenska Istra Key words: Marsh Fritillary, False Ringlet, dry grasslands, mosaic landscape, extensive grassland use Recent land use changes, especially intensification of agriculture and abandonment of traditional grassland management, are resulting in the decline of butterfly diversity in Europe and Slovenia. The conservation status of the Marsh Fritillary ( Euphydryas aurinia) and the False Ringlet ( Coenonympha oedippus) in Slovenia are estimated as unfavourable. Therefore, in 2019 and 2020 we surveyed a current status of both species at Natura 2000 site Slovenska Istra (SI3000212) for the first time (project LIFE-IP NATURA.SI). This was done in order to determine appropriate management to reverse negative trends and establish appropriate conservation measures. More than 400 ha of potential habitats were surveyed for the presence and abundance of each species. The sites where the False Ringlet occurs are distributed across the entire Natura 2000 site, being most abundant on the southern slopes above Dragonja and in Rokava Valleys. The number of individuals observed per habitat patch varied from one to 109, and the average distance between occupied habitat patches was 211 meters. Almost half of the habitat patches were land in abandonment or a forest. The highest density of the Marsh Fritillary is in central and eastern part of the area, while its distribution is very fragmented in the western part of the Natura 2000 site. The number of individuals observed per site varied from one to 49, and the average distance between occupied sites was 192 meters. More than half of the habitat patches were open grasslands or land in abandonment. Therefore, the necessary conservation actions in Slovenska Istra must consist of maintaining extensively used grasslands, mowed or grazed at low intensity and in rotation, and following mosaic pattern of use. It is important to maintain a well-connected network of suitable habitat patches for both species and prevent further abandonment or conversion of grasslands into olive tree plantations. 1 Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za biologijo *e-mail: valerija.zaksek@bf.uni-lj.si 27 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Mladen Kotarac1* O hroščih (Coleoptera) v Sloveniji Ključne besede: diverziteta hroščev, Slovenija Hrošči (Coleoptera) trenutno predstavljajo približno eno tretjino vseh zabeleženih vrst žuželk in eno četrtino vseh zabeleženih živalskih vrst v Sloveniji. Ob takšnem bogastvu, posledično tudi pestrosti in pomenu, je nekoliko presenetljivo, da so razmeroma sodobne nacionalne monografske obdelave na voljo za manj kot petino vseh vrst hroščev, živečih pri nas. Za ostale vrste nikoli niso bili izkoriščeni številni bibliografski viri in obsežno muzejsko gradivo. Največji opus podatkov predstavlja nemška literatura iz konca devetnajstega in začetka dvajsetega stoletja. Monografske obdelave celotnih družin na evropskem in svetovnem nivoju so sicer zelo pomanjkljiv, a vseeno pomemben vir informacij. Celovit seznam hroščev v državi ni na voljo. Z namenom urejanja podatkov o hroščih v zbirki Centra za kartografijo favne in flore je bila posodobljena nomenklatura in obdelano večje število naključnih literaturnih virov. Skupaj je zaenkrat zabeleženih nekaj nad 6000 vrst hroščev, slednje je v skladu z nekaterimi pavšalnimi ocenami o vrstni pestrosti hroščev v državi. S pomočjo podatkov o favnah hroščev sosednjih regij in držav lahko, na nivoju družin, utemeljeno predvidevamo število vrst hroščev, ki jih na ozemlju Slovenije še pričakujemo. Marsikatera od pričakovanih vrst je sicer verjetno že registrirana, podatek se nahaja bodisi v člankih ali v beležnici, primerki pa v zbirkah. On beetles (Coleoptera) in Slovenia Keywords: beetle diversity, Slovenia Beetles (Coleoptera) currently represent approximately one third of all recorded insect species and one quarter of all recorded animal species in Slovenia. With such richness, and consequently variety and importance, it is somewhat surprising that relatively modern national monographic treatments are available for less than a fifth of all species of beetles living in our country. For the rest of the species, numerous bibliographic sources and extensive museum material have never been assesed. Most sources can be found in German literature from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Monographic analyses of entire families at the European and global level are very deficient, but still an important source of information. A comprehensive list of beetles in the country is not available. In order to edit the data on beetles in the collection of the Centre for Cartography of Fauna and Flora, the nomenclature was updated and a larger number of random literature sources were processed. In total, just over 6,000 species of beetles have been recorded so far, the latter being in line with some rough estimates of the species diversity of the country's beetles. With the help of data on the beetle fauna of neighboring regions and countries, we can, at the level of families, reasonably predict the number of species of beetles to be expected on the territory of Slovenia. Many of the expected species are probably already registered, the information can be found either in articles or in notebooks, and specimens in collections. *e-mail: mladen.kotarac@gmail.com 28 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Andrej Gogala1* Nove vrste v slovenski favni divjih čebel (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) in stenic (Heteroptera) Ključne besede: Hymenoptera, Apiformes, Heteroptera, favna, Slovenija V Sloveniji je bilo najdenih 48 vrst čebel iz družine Colletidae. Od teh je 13 predstavnic rodu Colletes, preostalih 35 pa je pripadnic rodu Hylaeus. Štiri vrste so prvič zabeležene za Slovenijo. Tri so bile v zadnjih letih prepoznane v revizijah vrst ali ponovno prepoznanih, zato je bil njihov pojav v Sloveniji pričakovan. Vrsta Colletes inexpectatus je pogosta v Panonskem območju, zato je njen pojav v Prekmurju pričakovan. Vrsta Hylaeus bifasciatus se je skrivala v zbirki med podobnimi primerki vrste Hylaeus variegatus s podobnim rdečim zadkom. Hylaeus imparilis je prisoten le v submediteranskem območju; H. intermedius je prisoten tudi na nekaterih osrednjih najdiščih, kot sta Podčetrtek in južni rob Ljubljanskega barja. Vrsta Hylaeus incongruus pa je manj pogosta kot podobni vrsti Hylaeus confusus in Hylaeus gibbu s. Ena vrsta, Colletes marginatus, je umaknjena s seznama slovenskih vrst zaradi napačne navedbe. Izmed ostalih vrst čebel je za Slovenijo nova še vrsta Anthophora crassipes, najdena med čebelami, ujetimi na pasti v monitoringu NIB (Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo): Anthophora crassipes Lepeletier 1841, Ljubljana: Bežigrad, KIS, VM60, 3. 5. 2021, 1 samica, NIB. Med stenicami (Heteroptera) – Primerek vrste Holcogaster fibulata (Germar, 1831) je bil najden v Novi Gorici v avgustu 2022. To je prva najdba vrste v Sloveniji. Najdba lahko kaže na širjenje vrste, ki pridobiva ozemlje tudi ob atlantski obali Evrope. New species in the Slovenian fauna of wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apiformes) and true bugs (Heteroptera) Keywords: Hymenoptera, Apiformes, Heteroptera, fauna, Slovenia 48 species of Colletidae are distributed in Slovenia, 13 species in the genus Colletes and 35 species in of the genus Hylaeus. Four species are registered for Slovenia for the first time. Hylaeus bifasciatus has been hiding among similar H. variegatus with red abdomen in my collection. Colletes inexpectatus is common in Pannonia, so its occurence in Prekmurje was expected. While Hylaeus imparilis is found only in the submediterranean region. Hylaeus intermedius is present also in some central localities like Podčetrtek and southern limit of Ljubljansko barje. The species Hylaeus incongruus is less frequent then similar species of Hylaeus confusus and Hylaeus gibbus. One species, Colletes marginatus, isomitted from the list of Slovenian species due of to recording by mistake. Among other bee species, Anthophora crassipes was found as new to Slovenia, found among bees collected with traps in the monitoring of NIB (National Institute of Biology): Anthophora crassipes Lepeletier 1841. Ljubljana: Bežigrad, KIS, VM60, 3. 5. 2021, 1 female, NIB. In the Heteroptera – A specimen of Holcogaster fibulata (Germar, 1831) was found in Nova Gorica in August 2022. This is the first find of the species in Slovenia. The finding may show the spread of the species which is gaining ground also at the Atlantic coast of Europe. 1 Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije, Prešernova 20.p.p. 290, 1001 Ljubljana *e-mail: andrej.gogala@guest.arnes.si 29 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Nataša Stritih-Peljhan1*, Alenka Žunič-Kosi1 Ne le “napev”, pač pa kompleksno vibro-akustično dvorjenje hišnega murna ( Acheta domesticus) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) Ključne besede: zvočna komunikacija, vibracijska komunikacija, dolgotipalčnice, poljski murni, kompleksno signaliziranje, samičina izbira Murni (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) so eden najpogostejših študijskih modelov paritvenih sistemov in sporazumevanja pri nevretenčarjih. Njihovo zvočno signaliziranje tako pri klicanju in teritorialnosti na dolge razdalje kot pri dvorjenju in agresiji na kratke razdalje preučujejo že desetletja. Murni pa v okviru interakcij na kratke razdalje kažejo tudi vedenja povezana z oddajanjem vibracijskih signalov v podlagi, katerim je bilo v raziskavah namenjeno le malo pozornosti. Na primer, praktično vse vrste poljskih murnov med dvorjenjem ritmično potresavajo s telesom, a značilnosti in pomena teh signalov niso nikoli raziskali. Kot prvi korak v tej smeri smo posneli zvočne in vibracijske signale med dvorjenjem hišnega murna ( Acheta domesticus). Nepričakovano smo odkrili kompleksno vibro-akustično dvorjenje s tremi neodvisnimi mehanizmi oddajanja signalov: drgnjenjem kril (stridulacijo), potresavanjem telesa (tremulacijo) in bobnanjem z nogami ob podlago. Signali, ki so proizvedeni v zraku in/ali substratu, se kažejo v ponavljajočem se vzorcu z visoko stopnjo sinhronosti med različnimi elementi. Stridulacija postavlja osnovni vzorec, ki mu samci poskušajo slediti z bobnanjem in tremulacijo, pri čemer je bobnanje umeščeno v pavze med stridulacijskimi pulzi. Učinkovitost in natančnost take kombinirane predstave se med posamezniki zelo razlikuje in je zelo redko izvedena v polnem obsegu, kar kaže na njeno izredno motorično zahtevnost. Pokazala se je meja zmogljivosti bobnanja, nad katero se učinkovitost produkcije tega elementa zmanjšuje z naraščajočo stopnjo stridulacije. Predvidevamo, da sumarične in emergentne lastnosti tega kompleksnega signaliziranja predstavljajo zelo zanesljivo informacijo za samičino izbiro. Učinek te celote in njenih posameznih delov na uspeh dvorjenja smo preučili v poskusu z izločanjem signalov, ki pa je z naivnimi samicami razkril visoko stopnjo redundance signalov. Predvidevamo, da bi se selektivna prednost kombiniranega signala v odnosu do njegovih posameznih komponent pokazala šele v bolj naravni situaciji, s sparjenimi in posledično bolj izbirčnimi samicami. Not only the “song”, but a complex vibro-acoustic courtship of the house cricket ( Acheta domesticus) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) Keywords: acoustic communication, vibrational communication, Ensifera, field crickets, complex signalling, female choice Crickets (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) are one of the most common study models of mating systems and communication in invertebrates. Their acoustic signalling in long-distance calling, territoriality, an in short-distance courtship and aggression has been studied for decades. However, crickets additionally exhibit various vibrational signalling behaviours in their short-distance interactions, which received very little attention in experimental research. For example, literally all field crickets exhibit rhythmic body vibration (tremulation) in addition to courtship song, but characteristics and function of these signals have never been studied. To take a first step in this direction, we recorded the auditory and substrate vibration signals during courtship of the house cricket ( Acheta domesticus). Unexpectedly, we discovered a complex, multicomponent vibro-acoustic display by three independent signalling mechanisms: wing stridulation, body tremulation, and leg drumming against the substrate. The resulting signals, produced in the air and/or substrate, appear in a repetitive pattern with a high level of synchrony between signal elements. Stridulation provides the basic pattern that males attempt to follow with drumming and tremulation, the former being timed in pauses between stridulation pulses of the song. The efficiency and precision of this combined signalling varied greatly among individuals and was very rarely performed to its full extent, indicating to physical difficulty of the combined motor performance. Revealed was the performance limit for drumming, above which drumming efficiency decreases with increasing stridulation rate. The combined and emergent properties of the display likely represent a highly reliable information for female choice. We examined the effect of the combined display and its individual components in a signalling manipulation experiment, which revealed a high level of signal redundancy in the condition with naïve females. We thus presume the selective advantage of the combined display over that of its constituent signals for a more natural situation, with mated and consequently choosier females. 1 Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, Oddelek za raziskave organizmov in ekosistemov, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana *e-mail vodilnega avtorja: natasa.stritih-peljhan@nib.si 30 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Igor Nekrep1*, Libor Dvořák2 Lesne/okenske mušice (Diptera: Anisopodidae) Slovenije: splošne značilnosti in taksonomska raziskanost skupine Ključne besede: dvokrilci, Anisopodidae, Sylvicola, Slovenija, fauna Lesne oz. okenske mušice (Anisopodidae) so manjša družina med dvokrilci (Diptera) po številu vrst tako na globalnem kot Evropskem nivoju. Evropska favna, vključno z Madeiro, trenutno šteje zgolj 10 vrst, ki pripadajo rodu Sylvicola. Raziskovalci si še niso enotni, ali obravnavati družino Mycetobiidae kot ločeno ali kot del družine Anispodidae s.l. V predstavitvi bodo podane splošne značilnosti pojavljanja ličink rodu Sylvicola v različnih habitatih in viri njihove hrane kot tudi pojavljanje odraslih osebkov ter metode njihovega lova. Predstavljena bo tudi raziskanost vrst rodu Sylvicola v Sloveniji na podlagi nabranega materiala zadnjih 20 let: doslej znane in nove vrste za Slovenijo, kar bo tudi objavljeno v prihajajočem članku avtorjev. Wood/window gnats (Diptera: Anisopodidae) of Slovenia: general characteristics and taxonomic research of the group Keywords: Diptera, Anisopodidae, Sylvicola, Slovenia, fauna Wood or window gnats (Anisopodidae) are a smaller family among Diptera in terms of the number of species both at the global and European level. The European fauna, including Madeira, currently counts only 10 species belonging to the genus Sylvicola. Researchers are not yet unanimous on whether to consider the family Mycetobiidae as separate or as part of the family Anispodidae s.l. The presentation will give general characteristics of the appearance of larvae of the genus Sylvicola in different habitats and their food sources, as well as the appearance of adults and their collecting methods. The study of the species of the genus Sylvicola in Slovenia will also be presented, based on the collected material of the last 20 years: so far known and new species for Slovenia, which will also be published in the authors' forthcoming article. 1 Kmetijski inštitut Slovenije, Hacquetova ul. 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija 2 Tři Sekery 21, CZ-353 01 Mariánské Lázně, Češka Republika *e-mail: igor.nekrep@kis.si 31 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Vladimir Ivović1*, Katja Adam1 Spremembe v vrstni sestavi peščenih muh (Diptera: Psychodidae) v odvisnosti od prisotnosti psov kot gostiteljev Ključne besede: Peščene muhe, populacijska dinamika, psi Sezonska in cirkadialna dinamika peščenih muh je odvisna od številnih okoljskih dejavnikov, zlasti temperature in vlažnosti. Dejavniki, ki vplivajo na nihanja v sestavi vrst, so manj poznani. Pri rednem spremljanju artropodnih prenašalcev v slovenskem primorju smo opazili zanimivo spreminjanje populacijske dinamike teh žuželk glede na prisotnost ali odsotnost psov. Da bi raziskali spremembe v vrstni sestavi, smo na dveh različnih lokacijah (Medljan in Cetore) v obalno-kraški regiji (Izola, Slovenija) postavili pasti za odrasle peščene muhe. Odvzem je bil izveden v juniju in juliju 2017 in 2018. V obeh letih je bilo na obravnavanem območju zabeleženih 632 osebkov štirih vrst ( Phlebotomus papatasi, P. neglectus, P. perniciosus in P. mascittii). Samice vseh vrst peščenih muh so bile pregledane na prisotnost parazitov Leishmania v obeh letih, vendar DNK Leishmania ni bila odkrita. Selitev lovskih psov kot potencialnih rezervoarskih gostiteljev iz Cetor na drugo lokacijo v začetku leta 2018 je močno spremenila vrstno sestavo peščenih muh. Dveh vrst, P. neglectus in P. perniciosus, na tem mestu ni bilo več, medtem ko se številčnost drugih dveh vrst ni spremenila. Ali je možno, da so spremembe v sestavi vrst in populacijski dinamiki peščenih muh v korelaciji s prisotnostjo ali odsotnostjo gostitelja rezervoarja Leishmania? Changes in species composition of Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in relation to the presence of dog hosts Keywords: Phlebotomine sand flies, population dynamics, dogs Seasonal and circadian population dynamics of Phlebotomine sand flies depend on many environmental factors, especially temperature and humidity. However, the factors that influence fluctuations in species composition are more uncertain. During regular monitoring of arthropod vectors in the Slovenian coastal region, an interesting change in the population dynamics of these insects was observed depending on the presence or absence of domestic dogs. To investigate the changes in species composition, we set adult fly traps at two different sites (Medljan and Cetore) in the Coastal - Karst region (Izola, Slovenia). Collections were carried out in June and July 2017 and 2018. 632 specimens of four species ( Phlebotomus papatasi, P. neglectus, P. perniciosus and P. mascittii) were recorded in the study area in both years. Females of all sand fly species were examined for the presence of Leishmania parasites in both years, but no Leishmania DNA was detected. The relocation of hunting dogs as potential reservoir hosts from Cetore to another location in early 2018 significantly altered the species composition of sandflies. Two species, P. neglectus and P. perniciosus, were no longer present at this site, while the abundance of the other two species did not change. Is it possible that changes in species composition and population dynamics of phlebotomine sand flies correlate with the presence or absence of the Leishmania reservoir host? 1 Univerza na Primorskem, Fakulteta za matematiko, naravoslovje in informacijske tehnologije, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenija *e-mail: vladimir.ivovic@famnit.upr.si 32 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Tea Knapič1*, Tomi Trilar1, Tatjana Avšič-Županc2, Nataša Knap2, Miša Korva2, Katarina Resman Rus2, Urška Glinšek Biškup2, Barbara Šobal2, Jana Šušnjar3, Vladimir Ivović3, Peter Glasnović3, Katja Adam3 Povzetek projekta: Vzpostavitev monitoringa prenašalcev vektorskih bolezni v Sloveniji Ključne besede: monitoring, komarji, peščene muhe, porajajoči patogeni Širjenje nalezljivih bolezni je postalo resna globalna zdravstvena težava, saj smo v zadnjem času priča pojavu novih patogenov na novih območjih. Med največjimi grožnjami so arbovirusi ter zajedavci, kot sta lišmanija in plazmodiji. Zaradi širjenja njihovih prenašalcev imajo ti patogeni velik potencial za širjenje. Zato je ključnega pomena, da se raziskave novih patogenov izvajajo z enotnim pristopom in vzpostavi občutljive nadzorne sisteme. V okviru ciljnega raziskovalnega programa smo izvedli projekt, ki se je osredotočil na monitoring komarjev (Diptera: Culicidae) in peščenih muh (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), ki so pomembni prenašalci bolezni za ljudi. Naš cilj je bil popisati vrste komarjev in peščenih muh prisotnih v Sloveniji, določiti razširjenost in številčnost domačih in tujerodnih vrst ter pridobiti podatke o prisotnosti ali odsotnosti virusnih in zajedavskih patogenov, ki jih prenašajo. Vzpostavili smo standardizirane postopke za monitoring domačih in tujerodnih vrst komarjev ter peščenih muh, ki so skladni z evropskimi smernicami. V obdobju treh let smo vzorčili prenašalce na 226 lokacijah po vsej Sloveniji. Ujeli smo več kot 85 tisoč odraslih komarjev in identificirali 41 vrst, od katerih je bilo 7 novih za slovensko favno komarjev. Med vzorčenjem smo odkrili prisotnost različnih mikroorganizmov, vključno z virusi Usutu, Sindbis ter parazitom Dirofilaria repens. Z izdelavo napovednih zemljevidov smo uspeli določiti območja z večjo verjetnostjo za prisotnost komarjev, ki so medicinsko pomembni. Pri monitoringu peščenih muh smo ujeli več kot 1200 osebkov in identificirali 4 vrste. Največjo gostoto populacij smo opazili v Primorsko-notranjski in Goriški regiji. Prisotnosti patogenih mikroorganizmov nismo zaznali. Pridobljeni podatki o razširjenosti prenašalcev in prisotnosti novih mikroorganizmov so bili ključni za izdelavo ocene tveganja za vnos porajajočih se mikroorganizmov ter izdelavo napovednih zemljevidov večje verjetnosti za prisotnost komarjev in peščenih muh. Rezultati so pomembni za boljše razumevanje epidemioloških vzorcev in oblikovanje učinkovitih nadzornih ukrepov. Project summary: Establishment of vector-borne disease vector monitoring in Slovenia Keywords: monitoring, mosquitoes, sandflies, emerging pathogens The global spread of infectious diseases poses a significant global threat for public health as new pathogens have emerged in previously unaffected regions. These threats primarily include arboviruses and parasites such as Leishmania and Plasmodium. These pathogens have significant potential to spread due to the increasing prevalence of their vectors. Therefore, it is critical to research new pathogens with a unified approach and to establish sensitive surveillance systems. Our targeted research program focused on monitoring mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), which serve as important disease vectors for humans. Our goal was to document mosquito and sandfly species present in Slovenia, determine the distribution and abundance of both native and non-native species, and collect data on the presence or absence of viral and parasitic pathogens transmitted by these vectors. We have implemented standardized monitoring procedures for native and non-native mosquito and sandfly species that comply with European guidelines. Over a three-year period, we sampled vectors at 226 sites throughout Slovenia, capturing and identifying over 85,000 adult mosquitoes belonging to 41 species. Among them were seven species newly discovered in the Slovenian mosquito fauna. During sampling, we detected several microorganisms, including Usutu and Sindbis viruses and the parasite Dirofilaria repens. By developing predictive maps, we were able to identify areas where there is a higher likelihood of medically significant mosquitoes being present. In monitoring sandflies, we captured more than 1,200 individuals and identified four species, with the highest population density observed in the Primorsko-Notranjska and Goriška regions. No pathogenic microorganisms were detected. The data obtained on the spread of vectors and the emergence of new microorganisms have been essential for assessing the risk associated with emerging pathogens and identifying areas with high probability of mosquito and sandfly presence. These results contribute to a better understanding of epidemiological patterns and the development of effective surveillance measures. 1 Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije, Prešernova cesta 20, 1000 Ljubljana 2 Univerza v Ljubljani, Medicinska fakulteta Inštitut za mikrobiologijo in imunologijo Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana 3 Univerza na Primorskem, Fakulteta za matematiko, naravoslovje in informacijske tehnologije Koper Glagoljaška ulica 8, 6000 Koper *e-mail: tknapic@pms-lj.si 33 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Matjaž Bedjanič1* Prispevek k poznavanju razširjenosti, biologije in ogroženosti pritlikave krtovke ( Xya pfaendleri (Harz, 1970)) in pisane krtovke ( X. variegata (Latreille, 1809)) v Sloveniji (Orthoptera: Tridactylidae) Ključne besede: kobilice, kratkotipalčnice, Xya, razširjenost, biologija, ogroženost, Slovenija Rod Xya je v Srednji Evropi zastopan z dvema vrstama. Veliki sta le nekaj milimetrov, obarvani temno rjavo do črno, z različnim vzorcem svetlih lis, in imata spremenjene prednje noge za kopanje značilnih majhnih peščenih galerij in rovov na bregovih različnih stoječih voda in rek. Za ti majhni, ekološko zelo specializirani vrsti kobilic so predstavljeni novi podatki in opazovanja, zbrani med septembrom 2021 in junijem 2023 v različnih koncih vzhodne Slovenije. Na podlagi podatkov iz literature, nekaj neobjavljenih podatkov in pričujoče ciljne raziskave je pritlikava krtovka Xya pfaendleri trenutno znana z okoli 40 lokalitet v Sloveniji. Večina lokalitet se nahaja na širšem območju ob rekah Muri in Dravi v severovzhodni Sloveniji, nekaj jih je znanih tudi ob spodnji Savi in na Bizeljskem v jugovzhodni Sloveniji. Prevladujoč tip primernega habitata je opisan kot ozek pas golih do zelo redko poraslih brežin opuščenih gramoznic, tik nad robom vode, s prodnato do peščeno podlago in prevladujočo južno ekspozicijo. Kljub številnim novim podatkom in očitni zmožnosti pritlikave krtovke, da vsaj začasno naseli sekundarne habitate, sodi verjetno med ranljive vrste in za oceno njene ogroženosti v Sloveniji so potrebne nadaljnje raziskave. Za redko in ogroženo pisano krtovko X. variegata je predstavljena prva potrjena najdba za Slovenijo iz gramoznice ob reki Muri v bližini Petišovcev. Tako je doslej dvomljiva uvrstitev vrste na seznam kobilic Slovenije upravičena. Contribution to the knowledge of distribution, biology and threat status of the pfaendler’s molehopper (X ya pfaendleri (Harz, 1970)) and colourful molehopper ( X. variegata (Latreille, 1809)) in Slovenia (Orthoptera: Tridactylidae) Keywords: grasshoppers, Caelifera, Xya, distribution, biology, threat status, Slovenia The genus Xya is represented by two species in Central Europe. Both are only few millimeters in size, dark brown to black, with different pattern of light markings, and have modified forelegs for digging typical small sand galleries and tunnels on the banks of various types of standing waters and rivers. New records and observations are presented for these two tiny, ecologically highly specialised grasshopper species, collected in different parts of eastern Slovenia between September 2021 and June 2023. Based on a compilation of literature, few unpublished records and recent targeted survey, the Pfaendler’s Molehopper Xya pfaendleri is currently known from nearly 40 localities in Slovenia. Most localities are in the wider area along the Mura and Drava rivers in northeastern Slovenia, with a few sites also known from the lower Sava river and the Bizeljsko region in southeastern Slovenia. The predominant type of suitable habitat is described as a narrow strip of bare to very sparsely vegetated banks of abandoned gravel pits, just above the water’s edge, with pebbly to sandy ground composition and southern exposure. Despite numerous new records and the ability of Pfaendler’s Molehopper to at least temporary inhabit secondary habitats, it may be vulnerable and further research is needed to assess its threat status in Slovenia. For the rare and endangered Colourful Molehopper X. variegata, the first confirmed record for Slovenia is presented from a gravel pit along the Mura River near Petišovci. Thus, the previously doubtful inclusion of the species in the checklist of Slovenian Orthoptera is now justified. 1 Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija *e-mail: matjaz.bedjanic@nib.si 34 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Tomi Trilar1*, Matija Gogala2 Klikanje kot metoda za lov škržadov (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) Ključne besede: Cicadidae, napev, klikanje Škržadi (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) proizvajajo zvok s timbali, izbočenimi membranami z elastičnimi rebrci nameščenimi na prvem zadkovem obročku na vsaki strani, pod katerimi so veliki prostori, ki služijo kot resonatorji. Medtem, ko v tropskih območjih uporabljajo tudi frekvenčno modulacijo (pojejo melodije), je v naših klimatih, v Evropi, tudi na Balkanskem plotoku, prisotna izključno ritmična modulacija. Zvok proizvajajo samci in z njim privabljajo samice. Njihovi napevi so visoko vrstno značilni in samičina prepoznava samca omogoča predparitveno bariero. Medtem, ko smo dolgo verjeli, da samice ne proizvajajo nobenega zvoka, smo nedavno ugotovili, da samice pri nekaterih skupinah škržadov proizvajajo klike, s katerimi k sebi usmerjajo za parjenje razpoložene samce. To značilnost uporabljamo za privabljanje in lov samcev, kar nam je omogočilo lažje zbiranje primerkov, ki jih potrebujemo za opis novih vrst, ki jih prepoznamo na osnovi napevov. Clicking as a method of collecting cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) Keywords: Cicadidae, cicada songs, clicking Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) produce sounds with timbales, curved membranes with elastic ribs located on the first abdominal segment on each side, under which are large spaces that serve as resonators. While in tropical areas they also use frequency modulation (it sings melodies), in our climates, in Europe, including the Balkans, only rhythmic modulation is present. The song is produced by the males and is used to attract females. Their songs are highly species specific, and the recognition of the male's song by the female provides a pre-mating barrier. While it was long believed that females do not make sounds, it has recently been discovered that females in some cicada groups make clicking sounds to attract males that are ready to mate. We use this trait to attract and collect males, which has allowed us to more easily collect the specimens we need to describe the new species we have identified based on the songs. 1 Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije, Prešernova 20, 1000 Ljubljana 2 Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti, Novi trg 3, 1000 Ljubljana *e-mail: ttrilar@pms-lj.si 35 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Alenka Žunič Kosi1*, Nataša Stritih Peljhan1, Špela Ambrožič Ergaver1, Andrej Kapla1, Matic Gabor1, Al Vrezec1 Optimizacija monitoringa hroščev evropskega varstvenega pomena: alpski kozliček ( Rosalia alpina) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Ključne besede: monitoring, Rosalia alpina, Coleoptera, Natura 2000, Habitatna direktiva, varstvo narave Alpski kozliček ( Rosalia alpina) je saproksilna vrsta hrošča iz družine kozličkov (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera), ki je vezana na stare bukove sestoje. Zaradi izgube primernih habitatov se je areal vrste precej skrčil, upada pa tudi velikost populacij. Alpski kozliček je tako v okviru Habitatne direktive opredeljen kot varstveno prioritetna vrsta. Vendar pa sta raziskovanje in spremljanje te vrste zahtevna, saj so trenutno razpoložljive metode vzorčenja delovno zelo intenzivne in manj učinkovite. Z raziskavami kemične komunikacije vrste je bila identificirana nova spojina, ki jo proizvajajo samci in je privlačna za oba spola. V okviru večletnega strateškega naravovarstvenega projekta "Integrirani projekt LIFE za izboljšano upravljanje območij Natura 2000 v Sloveniji" (LIFE-IP NATURA.SI) izvajamo študijo, s katero želimo optimizirati uporabo identificiranega feromona alpskega kozlička kot učinkovitega orodja za monitoring in upravljanje vrste. Predstavili bomo obseg in učinkovitost stopnje zaznavnosti in občutljivosti vzorčenja na podlagi semiokemičnih metod ter morebitni sinergijski učinek hlapnih snovi gostiteljskih rastlin in feromona alpskega kozlička. Učinkovita feromonska vaba bi lahko zagotovila nova spoznanja o razširjenosti, velikosti populacij, območju razširjenosti, biologiji in ekologiji vrste, kar bi pomembno izboljšalo prizadevanja za ohranjanje te ogrožene vrste in njenega habitata. Optimising monitoring of European beetles of conservation concern: the case of the Alpine Longicorn ( Rosalia alpina) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Keywords: monitoring, Rosalia alpina, Coleoptera, Natura 2000, Habitat Directive, nature conservation The Alpine longicorn ( Rosalia alpina) is a saproxylic cerambycid beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) that occurs in old deciduous forest stands. Its populations appear to have declined substantially, and its range has shrunk considerably due to loss of suitable habitat. For this reason, the R. alpina is listed in Annex II of the European Habitats Directive. However, monitoring and research of this species is particularly challenging, as currently available monitoring methods are labour-intensive and less efficient. A novel compound, alkylated pyrone, has been identified as a single compound produced by males that is attractive to both sexes. Within the scope of the multi-year strategic nature conservation project "LIFE integrated project for enhanced management of Natura 2000 in Slovenia" (LIFE-IP NATURA.SI), we conducted a study to optimise the use of the identified pheromone of R. alpina as an efficient monitoring tool. We will present the extent and efficiency of detection rate and sensitivity based on semiochemical methods and evaluate the potential synergistic effect of host plant volatiles and the pheromone of R. alpina. An efficient pheromone lure could provide new insights into the distribution, population size, range, biology, and ecology of R. alpina that can improve conservation efforts for this threatened species and its habitat. 1 Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana *e-mail: alenka.zunic-kosi@nib.si 36 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Eva Groznik1*, Martin Križaj2, Tine Hauptman1, Maarten de Groot1, David Williams3 Primerjava večlijakastih in prizmatičnih pasti pri ulovu rodu Agrilus v Sloveniji Ključne besede: Agrilus, večlijakasta, prizmatična, past, vaba Rod Agrilus je največji rod v družini Buprestidae (Coleoptera), ki vključuje ekonomsko pomembne vrste za gozdarstvo, kot je sta karantenski vrsti Agrilus planipennis in Agrilus anxius ter avtohtnono Evropsko vrsto dvopikasti krasnik ( Agrilus biguttatus). Te vrste v zadnjih desetletjih pridobivajo vse večji pomen z vidika varstva gozdov. Zgodnje zaznavanje invazivnih in škodljivih vrst je pomembno za pravočasno ukrepanje, omejevanje širjenja ali zatiranje škodljivcev. Zato so potrebne učinkovite metode spremljanja. Raziskovali smo učinkovitost večlijakastih in prizmatičnih lepljivih pasti pri ulovu rodu Agrilus. Tekom dveh let (2021–2022) smo izvedli dve seriji poizkusa, kjer smo v prvem letu preizkušali razliko med tipoma pastmi brez vab, v drugi seriji pa smo določenim pastem dodali še kairomonsko vabo 3Z-hexenol. Z raziskavo smo želeli ugotoviti, kateri tip pasti (večlijakast ali lepljiv prizmatičen) je bolj učinkovit na našem območju. V okolici Ljubljane smo v sestoj, kjer prevladuje hrast v prvem preizkusu postavili pet zelenih lepljivih prizmatičnih in pet zelenih večlijakastih pasti brez vab. V drugi seriji pa smo postavili deset pasti vsakega tipa, ter polovico vsakega tipa pasti opremili z vabo 3Z-hexenol. Pasti so bile postavljene v srednji del krošenj na sončno ali polsenčno lego. Ulov osebkov iz rodu Agrilus je bil determiniran v laboratoriju. V letu 2021 smo v večlijakast tip pasti ujeli 173 osebkov in v prizmatičen tip 68 osebkov ter skupno determinirali 8 različnih vrst Agrilus. V letu 2022, smo v večlijakast tip pasti brez vabe ujeli 60 osebkov in z vabo 104 osebkov, v prizmatičen tip pasti brez vabe 183 osebkov in z vabo 123 osebkov, ter skupno določili 14 različnih vrst Agrilus. Oba tipa pasti sta učinkoviti orodji za zgodnje odkrivanje in spremljanje Agrilus hroščev, pri čemer naši začetni rezultati kažejo, da bi lahko bile prizmatične pasti bolj učinkovit pristop. Comparison of multifunnel and prism traps for capturing the genus Agrilus in Slovenia Keywords: Agrilus, multifunnel, prism, trap, lure The Agrilus genus is the largest genus in the Buprestidae family (Coleoptera), which includes economically important species for forestry, such as the quarantine species Agrilus planipennis and Agrilus anxius, as well as the native European species Agrilus biguttatus. These species have gained increasing importance in forest protection in recent decades. Early detection of invasive and harmful species is crucial for timely action, containment, and pest control, hence effective monitoring methods are necessary. We investigated the effectiveness of multifunnel and sticky prism traps in capturing Agrilus beetles. We conducted two series of experiments in a course of two years (2021 – 2022), where in the first series we tested the difference between trap types, and in the second series we added the kairomone lure 3Z-hexenol to the traps. Through this research, we aimed to determine which trap type (green sticky prism or green multifunnel trap) was most suitable for capturing Agrilus species in our area, with the experimental plot near Ljubljana. For the first trial we placed five green prism sticky traps and five green multifunnel traps without lures in oak dominant stands. In the second series, we set up ten traps of each design, with half of each trap type with a 3Z-hexenol lure. The traps were placed in the middle section of the tree canopies, in sunny or semi-shaded locations. The captured Agrilus specimens were then identified in the laboratory. In 2021, we caught 173 specimens in the multifunnel traps and 68 specimens in the sticky prism traps, identifying eight different species of Agrilus. In 2022, we caught 60 specimens in the multifunnel traps without lure, 104 specimens with lure, 183 specimens in the prism sticky traps without lure, and 123 specimens with lure, identifying 14 different Agrilus species. Both trap designs are valuable tools for early detection and monitoring of Agrilus beetles, with our preliminary results indicating that prism traps may be a more effective approach. 1 Gozdarski inštitut Slovenije, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana 2 Zvirče 24a, 4290 Tržič 3 Forest Research, Alice Holt Loge, Farnham, Surrey GU10 4LH, UK *e-mail: eva.groznik@gozdis.si 37 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Jernej Polajnar1*, Elizaveta Kvinikadze2, Adam W. Harley3, Igor Malenovský2 Snemanje z visokohitrostno kamero razkriva mehanizem produkcije vibracijskih signalov pri veliki hruševi bolšici ( Cacopsylla pyrisuga) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) Ključne besede: bolšice, Psyllidae, vibracijska komunikacija, visokohitrostna kamera, laserska vibrometrija Bolšice so majhne rastlinojede žuželke, ki za spolno komunikacijo uporabljajo vibracijske signale, ki se prenašajo po podlagi. Mehanizem produkcije signalov še ni neposredno opisan, po prevladujočem mnenju pa gre za stridulacijo – konkretno drgnjenje kril ob par nazobčanih aksilarnih grebenov na oprsju. Vendar pa je gibanje kril, ki spremlja signal pri vrstah z opisano vibracijsko komunikacijo, prehitro za opazovanje z običajno opremo. Testirali smo hipotezo o stridulaciji s hkratnim snemanjem vibracijskih signalov velike hruševe bolšice ( Cacopsylla pyrisuga [Foerster, 1848]) z laserskim vibrometrom in gibanje kril z visokohitrostno kamero. Odkrili smo, da je možno jasno opazovati gibanje kril med oddajanjem vibracijskega signala z uporabo makroobjektiva in dovolj visoke stopnje zajemanja slik. Posnetki s posteriorne strani so razkrili, da med signaliziranjem ni stika med krili in strukturami na površini oprsja. Namesto tega žival drži sprednja krila strehasto nad telesom in z njimi zamahuje navpično okrog skupne osi, zadnja krila pa v veliki meri sledijo temu gibanju. Nato smo sledili gibanju konic kril v videoposnetku, da bi ga primerjali s frekvenčno strukturo signala. Frekvenca zamahov kril se je ujemala z dominantno frekvenco signalov, medtem ko so višje frekvenčne komponente morda posledica sklopitve/odklopitve sprednjih in zadnjih kril. Hkrati ni bilo zveze med številom zobcev na aksilarnih grebenih, frekvenco zamahovanja in spektralnimi lastnostmi signalov, zato sklepamo, da so vibracije posledica samega brenčanja s krili in ne stridulacija med krili in oprsjem kot je veljalo doslej. Študijo dopolnjuje analiza časovnih in frekvenčnih lastnosti vibracijskih signalov velike hruševe bolšice. Primerjalno gledano opisani signali samcev rodu Cacopsylla izkazujejo enak vzorec, med vrstami pa so bistvene razlike. High-speed video recording reveals the mechanism of vibrational signal production in Cacopsylla pyrisuga (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) Keywords: jumping plant lice, Psyllidae, vibrational communication, high-speed camera, laser vibrometry Psyllids or jumping plant lice are small phytophagous insects which use substrate-borne vibrational signals for sexual communication. The mechanism of signal production has not been described directly, but the prevailing opinion in literature is that stridulation is involved – specifically, rubbing of wings against a pair of serrated axillary cords on the thorax. However, the wing movement accompanying signals in known species is too rapid to observe the mechanism directly with usual equipment. We tested the stridulation hypothesis by simultaneously recording signal emission of Cacopsylla pyrisuga (Foerster, 1848) with a laser vibrometer, and wing movement with a high-speed camera. We found that wing movement can be clearly observed during signal emission using a macro lens and setting a sufficient frame rate. Recordings from posterior view revealed no contact between wings and external thoracic structures during signaling. Instead, fore wings were held roof-like above the body and flapped vertically around the common axis, while the hind wings largely followed this motion. We then performed video tracking of the wing tips to obtain movement tracks for comparing with the frequency structure of the signal. The frequency of wing beats matched the dominant frequency of the signals, while higher frequency components may be a result of coupling/decoupling of fore and hind wings. At the same time, there was no relation between the number of teeth, wing beat frequency and spectral properties of the signals, so we conclude that the vibrations are produced by wing buzzing rather than wing-thorax stridulation as was commonly thought. To complement the study, temporal and spectral characteristics of vibrational signals of C. pyrisug a are described. Comparatively, the known male signals of Cacopsylla spp. show a certain shared pattern at the level of genus and significant differences between species. 1 Oddelek za raziskave organizmov in ekosistemov, Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija 2 Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic 3 Computer Science Department, Stanford University, 353 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford, Kalifornija, 94305, ZDA *e-mail: jernej.polajnar@nib.si 38 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Anton Gradišek1*, Johanna Amalia Robinson2, Nevenka Bogataj2, Danilo Bevk3 Sistematično dolgoročno vključevanje v projekt občanske znanosti aktivira udeležence za opazovanje opraševalcev izven časovnega okvirja projekta Ključne besede: občanska znanost, opraševalci, sončnice, izobraževanje odraslih, ozaveščanje Tudi v entomologiji se občanska znanost vedno bolj uveljavlja kot metoda zbiranja velike količine podatkov. V naši študiji smo zbrali več kot sto prostovoljcev, ki so samostojno ali v skupinah od aprila do novembra 2022 sodelovali v projektu spremljanja opraševalcev na sončnicah, pri tem pa smo poskrbeli, da so bili ves čas aktivno vključeni v projekt. Cilj projekta je bil dvojen – uporabiti metodo občanske znanosti za študijo opraševalcev sončnic in kot vpeljava izobraževalne platforme za izobraževanje odraslih o temah, kot so opraševalci in klimatske spremembe. Udeleženci so prejeli vrečko semen sončnic z navodili za sajenje ter tabele za beleženje podatkov. Ko so sončnice zacvetele, so spremljali število in tip opraševalcev ter vreme in temperaturo zraka. Običajno so sončnice imeli doma, na vrtu ali v loncu na balkonu. Skupno smo zbrali več kot 1800 opazovanj in več kot 5200 opraševalcev na 82 lokacijah po Sloveniji. Udeleženci so opraševalce določili po kategorijah, in sicer medonosna čebela, čmrlj, čebela samotarka, osa, muha trepetavka, metulj, hrošč in “drugo”. Hkrati smo izvedli spletni kviz, kjer so udeleženci določali opraševalce glede na slike, to so nato prenesli v prakso zunaj v naravi. Izvedli smo dve delavnici v živo, več spletnih srečanj, izmenjevali smo si spletno pošto in vzpostavili smo zaprto skupino na družbenem omrežju za učinkovitejšo komunikacijo. Ob koncu spremljanja smo organizirali refleksiji namenjen sestanek z udeleženci v živo, kjer smo drug z drugim delili svoje izkušnje. Kot smo ugotovili iz zbranih podatkov, so udeleženci pogosto poročali, da so opazovali pogosteje, kot bi bilo treba. Povedali so nam tudi, da so postali bolj pozorni na opraševalce v naravi. Izkušnje so delili s svojimi bližnjimi in širše. Ta projekt predstavlja dobro izhodišče za dolgoročno načrtovanje aktivnosti na prostem s fokusom na opraševalcih. Systematic long-term engagement in citizen science project activates participants to observe pollinators beyond project timeframe Key words: citizen science, pollinators, sunflowers, adult education, awarenes raising Citizen science is increasingly popular method in entomology to capture large volumes of data. In contrast with popular opportunistic citizen science data collection, we recruited over 100 volunteers working individually or in groups and kept them engaged closely over a period of seven months from April to November in 2022. The project had parallel scientific and educational goals to use the citizen science framework both for gaining knowledge on pollinators of sunflowers and secondly as a teaching platform in adult education to raise awareness on pollinators and climate change. Participants received seeds for sunflowers, instructions for planting and plant care followed by observation sheets for sunflower growth and pollinator observation which included collecting meta data on weather. Observation activities were conducted at participants’ homes (gardens, balconies, fields etc.). Over 1800 observation sessions with over 5200 pollinators were counted across Slovenia in 82 locations and classified into the following groups: honey bee, bumblebee, solitary bee, wasp, hoverfly, butterfly, beetle, or “other” by the participants. Their identification skills were tested online and put into practice outdoors. Two workshops, several video conference meetings, frequent emails and communication in closed social media group ensured a close interaction with participants which highlighted in a final face-to face reflective meeting with the participants. Participants frequently observed beyond the recommended time frames, and stated how they had started to pay more attention to their presence and wanted to share their new knowledge with their closed ones and beyond. This is a good basis for setting a long-term activity related to outdoor learning and focused to pollinators. 1Odsek za fiziko trdne snovi in Odsek za inteligentne sisteme, Institute Jožef Stefan, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenija 2Andragoški center Slovenije, Ulica Ambrožiča Novljana 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija 3Oddelek za raziskave organizmov in ekosistemov, Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija *e-mail: anton.gradisek@ijs.si 39 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Ajda Moškrič1*, Katarina Mole1, Anja Pavlin1, Andraž Marinč1, Jernej Bubnič1, Andreja Opara1, Janez Prešern1 Gen CSD kot orodje za genotipizacijo čebeljih družin Ključne besede: medonosna čebela, Apis mellifera, csd, določanje spola, očetovstvo, genotipizacija, spermateka Medonosna čebela ( Apis mellifera L.) je pomemben opraševalec, ki zagotavlja ekosistemske storitve za kmetijske pridelke in divje rastline po vsem svetu. Poleg tega človek koristi čebelje pridelke, kot so med, matični mleček, vosek, propolis, cvetni prah in strup. Spol pri čebeli določa alelna sestava enega samega lokusa (Csd – complementary sex determiner). Heterozigotno stanje na lokusu Csd vodi v razvoj samice (matica ali delavke), haploidno - hemizigotno stanje pa v razvoj samca (trot). Homozigotnost na tem lokusu je letalna. Homozigoti so pogostejši med bolj pogosto zastopanimi aleli. Redke variante zato predstavljajo prednost. Csd je tako podvržen močnemu selekcijskem pritisku in izkazuje visoko raven intraspecifičnega polimorfizma. Izjemno visok polimorfizem na lokusu Csd nakazuje na njegovo uporabnost pri razlikovanju očetovskih linij v čebelji družini. Matica se med svatbenim letom pari z večimi troti. Po paritvi je seme trotov shranjeno v spermateki matice in tako predstavlja celovito in dobro ohranjeno informacijo o genotipih trotov, prisotnih v okolju. Z genotipizacijo vsebine spermateke lahko določimo očetovske linije in skupine super sester v družini. Spermateka kot vir informacije o očetovstvu družine je lahko ustrezna alternativa v kolikor uporabljene molekularne in bioinformatske metode upoštevajo dejstvo, da gre pri spermateki za mešan vzorec s številnimi genotipi in omogočajo njihovo ločevanje. Predstavili bomo naše preliminarne rezultate in razpravljali o prednostih in slabostih uporabe gena Csd kot orodja za genotipizacijo čebeljih družin v primerjavi s tradicionalnimi metodami, kot je genotipizacija s pomočjo mikrosatelitnih lokusov. Naša raziskava daje smernice za prihodnje študije genotipizacije celotnih čebeljih družin, kar bi lahko imelo pomemben pomen za napredek v genomski selekciji pri medonosni čebeli in ocenjevanju nadzorovanega parjenja. CSD gene as a tool for genotyping of honeybee colonies Keywords: western honeybee, Apis mellifera, complementary sex determiner, csd, marker, patriline, genotyping, spermatheca Western honeybee ( Apis mellifera L.) is an economically and biologically important pollinator providing ecosystem service for agricultural crops as well as wild plants worldwide. It is also a producer of honey, royal jelly, wax, propolis, pollen, and venom. In honeybees, sex is determined by the allelic composition of a single locus called complementary sex determiner (csd). Individuals, heterozygous at the csd, develop into females (either a queen or a worker) while haploids develop into males (hemizygous for csd). Homozygosity is lethal. Common alleles are more likely to form homozygotes than rare ones. Csd is thus subjected to strong balancing selection and is expected to exhibit a high degree of intraspecific polymorphism. The extremely high polymorphism in csd locus suggests its usefulness in distinction of patrilines in a colony. In thinking outside the box, the virgin queen on nuptial flight is a drone-environment sampler. After the nuptial flights, spermathecas of such queens carry by far the most complete and well-preserved genotyping information about the drones present in the environment that will also define patrilines and super-sister groups of workers in her colony. Thus, the use of spermatheca as a source of patriline composition may be preferable compared to the worker samples if the molecular and bioinformatic methods properly consider the specific feature of spermatheca as being a mixed sample containing a pooled genotyping information. Here, we present our initial results and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the usage of csd gene as a tool for genotyping of honeybee colony in comparison to more traditional methods such as genotyping by microsatellite loci. Overall, our research provides guidance for future genotyping studies of entire honeybee colonies, which could have significant implications for advancements in genomic selection in honeybees and mating control evaluation. 1 Kmetijski inštitut Slovenije, Hacquetova ulica 17, Ljubljana, Slovenija *e-mail: ajda.moskric@kis.si 40 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Vid Švara1*, Vanessa Berger1, Daniel T. Dalton1, Klaus Steinbauer1,2, Michael Jungmeier1 Aplikacija eDNK analize za ocenjevanje pestrosti žuželk v zavarovanem mokrišču Ključne besede: eDNK, metabarkodiranje, monitoring, barje, biosferni park Globalne spremembe in vse bolj ogrožena biotska pestrost povečujejo potrebo po učinkovitih pristopih za spremljanje stanja biodiverzitete. Zlasti v zavarovanih območjih, kjer je redno spremljanje ključnih pokazateljev stanja okolja obvezno, je vzorčenje in določanje vrstno-pestrih taksonov, kot so na primer žuželke, lahko velik izziv. Posledično postajajo nove metode za hitrejšo in natančnejšo oceno biotske pestrosti v različnih zaščitenih ekosistemih vse pomembnejše. Še posebej odkrivanje vrst iz okoljske DNK (eDNK) vse bolj pridobiva na pomembnosti pri ocenah biotske raznovrstnosti in praksah za varstvo organizmov zaradi časovne- in stroškovne učinkovitosti, neinvazivnega vzorčenja, zmogljivosti za celostno odkrivanje vrst iz različnih taksonov ter uporabniku prijazne izvedbe vzorčenja in analize podatkov. V tem prispevku predstavljamo primer ocene pestrosti sladkovodnih žuželk na zaščitenem mokrišču na podlagi pristopa metabarkodne eDNK analize, ki je bila izveden v okviru projekta Biodiversity Monitoring Technologies (BioMONITec). Preizkušeni so bili praktični vidiki metabarkodne eDNK analize za odkrivanje sladkovodnih žuželk na alpskem barju v biosfernem parku. Glavni cilj analize je bil preveriti zmogljivost vzorčenja eDNK za oceno favne žuželk v zavarovanem območju in ovrednotiti pristope, ki jih lahko upravljavci zavarovanih območij enostavno in učinkovito uporabijo za oceno biotske raznovrstnosti. Zaznavo vrst žuželk z eDNK smo primerjali z zaznavo vrst s tradicionalnimi pristopi vzorčenja in določanja vrst. Primerjali smo tudi učinkovitost različnih pristopov vzorčenja (vzorčenje vode z brizgo ali črpalko), učinkovitost treh metod ekstrakcije eDNK in učinkovitost testiranih pristopov pri določanju vrst. Metodološki in znanstveni izidi analize in projekta BioMONITec bodo vključeni v Globalne smernice za monitoring (MoniGloG) in posredovani upravljavcem zavarovanih območij in deležnikom, ki bodo te metode uporabili pri spremljanju stanja biodiverzitete v biosfernih rezervatih in nacionalnih parkih. Applicability of eDNA-based approaches in the assessment of insect diversity in a wetland protected area Keywords: eDNA, metabarcoding, monitoring, bog, biosphere park In the face of global change and biodiversity decline, the need for effective biodiversity monitoring methods is growing rapidly. The sampling and determination of very diverse taxa, such as insects, can be due especially challenging in protected areas, where regular monitoring of key indicators is compulsory. In order to enable timely monitoring and improve species determination, novel methods for the assessment of biodiversity across different protected ecosystems are gaining importance. In particular, the detection of species from environmental DNA (eDNA) is gaining traction in biodiversity assessments and conservation practices due to time- and cost-effectiveness, non-invasive sampling, capacity for comprehensive species detection, and user-friendly implementation. Here, we present the assessments of freshwater insects in a wetland protected area based on an eDNA metabarcoding approach conducted in the frame of the project Biodiversity Monitoring Technologies (BioMONITec). Practical aspects of eDNA metabarcoding for the detection of freshwater insects in an alpine bog situated in a biosphere park were tested. The main aim of the analysis was to test the capacity of eDNA sampling for assessment of insect fauna in the protected area and evaluate approaches that can be easily and efficiently used by protected area managers for biodiversity assessment. In particular, eDNA species detection was compared to detection by traditional sampling and species determination approaches. We compared the efficiency of different sampling approaches (syringe vs. pump water sampling), the performance of three eDNA extraction methods, and species determination effectiveness of tested approaches. The methodological and scientific outcomes of the analysis and the BioMONITec project will be included in the Monitoring Global Guideline (MoniGloG) and communicated to the protected area managers and stakeholders who will apply these methods to their monitoring practices in biosphere reserves and national parks. 1 UNESCO Chair on Sustainable Management of Conservation Areas, IT & Engineering, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Europastraße 4, 9524 Villach, Austria 2 E.C.O. Institute for Ecology, Lakeside B07b, 9200 Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria *e-mail: v.svara@fh-kaernten.at 41 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Toni Koren1*, Miloš Popović2, Ivona Burić1, Ana Golubović3, Dejan Kulijer4 Biologer: odprtokodna platforma za zbiranje podatkov o pojavljanju vrst v vzhodni Evropi Ključne besede: biodiverziteta, varstvo narave, Citizen science, program V zadnjih letih se lahko znanost o biotski raznovrstnosti in ohranjanju narave veliko zahvali projektom občanske znanosti, ki so pomagali vključiti več ljudi in pridobiti večji doseg. Projekti so povzročili znatno povečanje razpoložljivih podatkov o biotski raznovrstnosti in omogočili raziskovalcem dostop do veliko novih podatkov. Vzporedno je potekal razvoj različne programske opreme za biotsko raznovrstnost, ki se uporablja za zbiranje, shranjevanje in celo analizo teh podatkov, vendar je večinoma omejena na srednjo in severno Evropo. Počasen napredek občanske znanosti v vzhodni Evropi je povezan z omejenim številom strokovnjakov in projektov, medtem ko so obstoječa programska oprema in podatki zaprti in v lasti raziskovalcev, institucij ali organizacij. S tem v mislih smo razvili Biologer, spletno platformo, licencirano kot odprtokodno programsko opremo. Biologer je bil zasnovan z uporabo uporabniku prijaznega spletnega vmesnika za vnos podatkov o dogodkih, ki ga spremlja preprosta aplikacija za Android, ki se uporablja za zbiranje podatkov iz terenskih raziskav. Ustvarjen je z vidika uporabnika, kar omogoča raziskovalcem in navdušencem nad naravo, da izberejo, kako bodo delili podatke z drugimi, z močno spodbudo k odprtim podatkom in odprtokodni programski opremi. Biologer je nastal leta 2018, do sedaj pa so bile ustanovljene štiri regionalne skupnosti, in sicer v Srbiji (biologer.rs), na Hrvaškem (biologer.hr), v Bosni in Hercegovini (biologer.ba) in Črni gori (biologer.me). V Srbiji platforma v celoti deluje od začetka leta 2018, uporablja jo približno 733 ljudi, ki so zbrali več kot 310.000 podatkov. Hrvaška baza podatkov deluje od začetka leta 2019 in ima približno 463 uporabnikov, ki so zbrali več kot 156.000 podatkov. V Bosni in Hercegovini je 193 uporabnikov zbralo več kot 31.000 podatkov, medtem ko je v Črni gori Biologer pravkar pričel delovati s 45 uporabniki, ki so zbrali več kot 6.000 podatkov. Poleg tega združeni portal (biologer.org) zdaj gosti taksonomsko ogrodje za vse skupnosti Biologer in se lahko uporablja kot zbiralnik podatkov in ponudnik za druge odprte platforme. Biologer: an open-source platform for gathering species occurrence data in Eastern Europe Keywords: biodiversity, nature conservation, občanska znanost, software In recent years biodiversity science and nature conservation have a lot to thank to Citizen Science projects, which helped to involve more people and gain a greater reach. The projects resulted in a significant increase of available data on biodiversity and allowed researchers access to large novel datasets. In parallel, there was ongoing development of various biodiversity software used to collect, store, and even analyze these data, but mostly limited to central and northern Europe. The slow-paced progress of Citizen Science in eastern Europe is related to a limited number of experts and projects, while the existing software and the data are closed and owned by researchers, institutions, or organizations. Having this in mind we developed Biologer, an online platform licensed as open-source software. Biologer was designed using a user-friendly online interface for entering occurrence data accompanied by a simple android application used to collect data from the field surveys. It is created from the user’s perspective, allowing researchers and nature enthusiasts to choose how they share the data with others, with strong encouragement towards open data and open-source software. Biologer was created in 2018, and so far, four regional Communities were established, in Serbia (biologer.rs), Croatia (biologer.hr), Bosnia and Herzegovina (biologer.ba) and Montenegro (biologer.me). In Serbia, the platform has been fully operational from the beginning of 2018, used by about 733 people who collected over 310.000 data. The Croatian database has been operational from the beginning of 2019 and has enlisted about 463 users which collected more than 156.000 data. In Bosnia and Herzegovina 193 users collected more than 31.000 data while in Montenegro Biologer Community has just started with 45 users who collected more than 6.000 data. In addition, a joined portal (biologer.org) now hosts taxonomic backbone for all the Biologer Communities and could be used as data aggregator and provider to other open platforms. 1 Association Hyla, Lipovac I no. 7, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia 2 University of Niš, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Department of Biology and Ecology, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia 3 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia 4 National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja od Bosne 3, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina *e-mail:toni.koren@hhdhyla.hr 42 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Grega Sarka1, Boštjan Surina1, Marta Barberis2 Združbe cvetnih obiskovalcev in učinkovitost opraševanja dveh simpatričnih vrst kadulj Salvia pratensis in Salvia saccardiana (Lamiaceae) Ključne besede: Salvia, opraševanje, obiskovalci cvetov, učinkovitost opraševanja, adaptivna radiacija Pri entomofilnih rastlinah lahko obiskovanje in obnašanje žuželk igra ključno vlogo pri reprodukcijskih barierah. Predstavnike rodu kadulj ( Salvia) lahko najdemo na vseh celinah in obstajajo v širokem razponu morfoloških, ekoloških in geografskih variacij. V Sloveniji je dokumentiranih devet vrst kadulj, v zadnjem obdobju je bilo po državi opaženih tudi več nahajališč Saccardove kadulje ( S. saccardiana). Med botaniki taksonomska klasifikacija Saccardove kadulje ostaja sporna, saj še ni soglasja o tem, ali je le podvrsta travniške kadulje ( S. pratensis) ali pa je samostojna vrsta. V tej študiji si prizadevamo prispevati nove podatke, ki bodo razjasnili to taksonomsko dilemo, pri čemer se osredotočamo na razlike v zastopanosti obiskovalcev Saccardove in travniške kadulje in njihovi učinkovitosti opraševanja. Terenska opazovanja smo izvajali v bližini Broda na Kolpi, kjer obe vrsti sobivata v neposredni bližini. Beležili smo si frekvence obiskovanja različnih vrst žuželk na obeh rastlinah. Analizirali smo tudi učinkovitost opraševalcev pri sprožitvi vzvodnega mehanizma prašnikov, ki je ključen za prenos cvetnega prahu. Predhodne analize raziskave kažejo, da se obiskovalci teh dveh vrst kadulj precej razlikujejo v sestavi, kar nakazuje na potencialno specializacijo njunih strategij opraševanja. Ugotavljamo, da prihaja tudi do razlik med učinkovitimi opraševalci med različnima vrstama kadulj, čeprav so bile nekatere vrste opraševalcev opažene na obeh. Ti rezultati bodo lahko pripomogli k nadaljni klasifikaciji Saccardove kadulje in poudarjajo pomen natančnih opazovanj cvetnih obiskovalcev za razumevanje njihove dejanske vloge pri interakcijah z rastlinami. Celovito razumevanje teh mehanizmov ponuja pomembne vpoglede v evolucijske procese, ki prispevajo k adaptivni radiaciji kadulj po celem svetu. Floral visitor assemblages and pollination efficiency of the two sympatric species Salvia pratensis and Salvia saccardiana (Lamiaceae) Key words: Salvia, pollinators, floral visitors, pollination efficiency, adaptive radiation In entomophilous plants, visitor assemblage and behavior can act as a significant reproductive barrier. Salvia species are distributed across diverse continents, exhibiting significant morphological, ecological, and geographical variation. In Slovenia, nine documented Salvia species have been well-established, with recent documentation of S. saccardiana at various locations throughout the country. The taxonomic classification of S. saccardiana remains contentious among botanists, with debates on whether it is a subspecies of S. pratensis or a distinct species. This study aims to bring additional data which may shed light on the taxonomic dilemma. The study concentrates on differences of floral visitor assemblages of two species and whether the pollination efficiency varies in relation to insect taxon. Field observations were conducted near Brod na Kolpi, where both species coexist in close proximity. Visitation rates of various insect species to each Salvia species were recorded, and the effectiveness of pollinators in triggering the staminal lever mechanism to facilitate pollen transfer was analyzed. Preliminary findings suggest distinct insect visitor preferences between the two species, indicating potential diversification in the floral visitor assemblages of the two plant species. Furthermore, the study reveals differences in pollinator effectiveness for each insect species observed, even though certain insect visitors were observed on both plant taxa. These results contribute to the ongoing discussion about the classification of S. saccardiana and highlight the importance of performing fine behavioural observations on floral visitors to assess their actual role in interaction with the plant. A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms can provide valuable insights into the evolutionary processes contributing to the adaptive radiation observed in Salvia species worldwide. 1 Univerza na Primorskem, Fakulteta za matematiko, naravoslovje in informacijske tehnologije, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenija 2 University of Bologna, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences *e-mail: gregasarka1@hotmail.com 43 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 POSTERJI POSTER 44 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Dušan Devetak1* Favna spužvark (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) Balkanskega polotoka: dosedanje poznavanje in nove najdbe Ključne besede: Sisyra, Balkanska dežele, razširjenost, Albanija Predstavljene so nove najdbe spužvark (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) na Balkanskem polotoku. V prispevku so navedeni objavljeni in neobjavljeni starejši podatki in novejše najdbe. Do zdaj so z območja poznane štiri vrste. Najdba spužvarke Sisyra bureschi Rausch & Weißmair, 2007 v Skadru (Shkodër) je prvi podatek za Albanijo, material z območja slapov Kravica pa je drugi podatek za Bosno in Hercegovino. Spongillafly fauna (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) of the Balkan peninsula: current knowledge and new records Keywords: Sisyra, Balkan countries, distribution, Albania A review of records of sponfillaflies (sponge flies) (Neuroptera: Sisyridae) on the Balkan Peninsula is presented. Here are reported both published and unpublished older records and recent findings. So far, four species have been recorded from the peninsula. The occurrence of Sisyra bureschi Rausch & Weißmair, 2007 in Shkodër is the first record in Albania, and the specimens collected at Kravica waterfalls are the second ones from Bosnia and Herzegovina. 1 Oddelek za biologijo, Fakulteta za naravoslovje in matematiko, Univerza v Mariboru, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenija *e-mail: dusan.devetak@guest.arnes.si 45 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Farah Kootstra1, Chris Smit1, Maarten de Groot2* Učinek ravnanja s sečnimi ostanki po sanitarni sečnji na združbe in lastnosti saproksilnih hroščev Ključne besede: podlubniki, saproksilni hrošči, ravnanje s sečnimi ostanki, vrstna sestava, vrstne lastnosti V zadnjih desetletjih so podnebne spremembe spremenile režime motenj v evropskih gozdovih, pri čemer dogodki, kot so izbruhi podlubnikov, postajajo vse pogostejši in resnejši. Da bi preprečili negativne vplive na okolje in gospodarstvo, se izbruhe pogosto uravnava s sanitarnim posekom okuženih dreves. Po takšnih ukrepih se ravnanje s sečnimi ostanki na splošno osredotoča na metode odstranjevanja, ki omejujejo nadaljnje napade podlubnikov. Vendar pa lahko različne metode odstranjevanja vplivajo tudi na združbe neškodljivih saproksilnih hroščev in jih spremenijo, saj so določene vrste odvisne od mikrohabitatov. V tej študiji bomo raziskali učinek ravnanja s sečnimi ostanki po sanitarni sečnji na združbo saproksilnih hroščev in njihovih lastnosti. Primerjali bomo sestavo združbe hroščev in njihovih lastnosti med raziskovalnimi ploskvami brez sanitarne sečnje in ploskvami s sanitarno sečnjo, kjer bomo ostanke sečnje odstranili, položili na kupe ali razporedili po gozdnih tleh. Preučevali bomo prehranjevalno verigo hroščev, njihovo populacijsko številčnost, preferirane debeline napadenih vej, stopnjo razpadanja odmrle lesne mase in zastrtost krošenj. Predvidevamo, da se bodo združbe vrst pri različnih metodah razporejanja sečnih ostankov razlikovale, saj različni načini zlaganja sečnih ostankov omogočajo posebne pogoje, ki privabljajo vrste z različnimi ekološkimi nišami. Pri tretmajih s sečnimi ostanki pričakujemo relativno večje število ksilofagnih hroščev, ki preferirajo veje manjšega premera, nižje stopnje razkroja odmrle lesne mase in manjši delež zastrtosti krošenj., kot na rastiščih brez sanitarne sečnje in na lokacijah, kjer bomo sečne ostanke odstranili. Poleg tega pričakujemo manjše razlike v lastnostih hroščev med tretmajisečnih ostankov, zaradi razlik v mikroklimatskih razmerah, med razpršenimi sečnimi ostanki in ostanki v kupih. Ta študija bo omogočila boljši vpogled, kako lahko upravljanje s sečnimi ostanki vpliva na združbe vrst saproksilnih hroščev in katere spremembe spodbujajo menjavo združb vrst. The effect of logging residue management following sanitary felling on saproxylic beetle community assemblages and traits Keywords: bark beetles, saproxylic beetles, logging residue management, species composition, species traits In recent decades, climate change has altered disturbance regimes in European forests, with events such as bark beetle outbreaks becoming increasingly more frequent and severe. To counter the negative environmental and economic effects, outbreaks are often countered with the sanitary felling of infested trees. Following such actions, logging residue management generally focuses on disposal methods that limit further bark beetle infestation. However, different disposal methods could also affect and change communities of non-pest saproxylic beetles, as specific species are dependent on specific substrate conditions. In this study we will investigate the effect of logging residue management following sanitary felling on saproxylic beetle community and trait composition. We will compare community and trait compositions between sites without sanitary felling, and sites with sanitary felling where logging residue is either removed, placed in piles or scattered over the forest floor. Studied beetle traits include feeding guild, community weighted body size, preferred substrate diameter, decay stage and canopy cover. We hypothesize that species assemblages will vary between treatments, because different logging residue disposal methods offer specific substrate conditions that attract species with different traits. In the treatments with fresh logging residue, we expect relatively more xylophagous beetles, with a preference for smaller diameter substrates, less advanced decay stages and less dense canopy cover than in sites without sanitary felling and sites where logging residue is removed. In addition to this, we expect minor differences in traits between the treatments with fresh logging residue, due to differences in microclimatic conditions caused by variation in exposure between scattered residue and residue in piles. This study will lead to a better insight into how logging residue management can affect saproxylic beetle species assemblages, and which changes in conditions drive species assemblage turn-over. 1 University of Groningen, Broerstraat 5, 9712 CP Groningen, Nizozemska 2 Gozdarski inštitut Slovenije, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenije *e-mail: maarten.degroot@gozdis.si 46 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Jan Podlesnik1*, Nastja Mencinger1, Peter Kozel1,2, Luka Kasumović3 Modificirane feromonske pasti za vrsto Ips typographus zmanjšajo stranski ulov neciljnih organizmov Ključne besede: Scolytinae, Ips typographus, modificrane feromonske pasti, zmanjšanje stranskega ulova Feromoske pasti so ena najpogosteje uporabljenih metod za lov in monitoring vrste I. typographus. Ta metoda pa ima tudi nagativne posledice. Pasti namreč privabljajo in lovijo tudi neciljne organizme, npr. plenilce, parazitoide in druge ekološko pomembne vrste, ki jih privabljajo feromoni podlubnikov. V naši raziskavi smo z enostavno modifikacijo priredili tri najpogosteje uporabljene pasti za podlubnike. Nad zbirne posode Theysohn-ovih pasti in lijakastih pasti s 6 in 12 lijaki, smo namestili mrežico. Pri Theysohn-ovi pasti mrežica ni vplivala na ulov tarčne vrste, medtem, ko je uporaba mrežice nad zbirno posodo lijakastih pasti, zmanjšala ulov vrste I. typographus. Mrežice niso vplivale na ulov žuželk manjših od 6 mm. Stranski ulov žuželk večjih od 6 mm, pa se je ob uporabi mrežice zmanjšal. Ugotovili smo tudi, da je na stranski ulov vplival tip uporabljene pasti. Modified pheromone traps for Ips typographus reduce bycatch of non-target organisms Keywords: Scolytinae, Ips typographus, pheromone trap modification, bycatch reduction Pheromone traps are one of the most common measures for trapping and monitoring I. typographus. However, this method also has some negative effects, including trapping non-target organisms, such as predators, parasitoids, and other ecologically important species. We applied a simple modification to three commonly used trap types, Theysohn trap and two multi-funnel traps, with 6 and 12 funnels, to reduce bycatch of non-target species. In the present study, two sets of traps were used, one set with normal traps and another set with a net screen placed to cover the collecting container. The net screen had no effect on target species catch when used with Theysohn trap, but when placed on multi-funnel traps the net screen reduced the catch rate of I. typographus. Catching rates of insects smaller than 6 mm were not affected by the use of net screens. On the other hand, trap type affected the catch of the smallest insects (under 4 mm), with the two multi-funnel traps being more efficient than the Theysohn trap. For insects larger than 6 mm, the use of net screens was effective in reducing catch of this size group for all trap types tested. 1 Oddelek za biologijo, Fakulteta za naravoslovje in matematiko, Univerza v Mariboru, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenija 2 Znanstveno raziskovalni center Slovenske akademije znanosti in umetnosti, Inštitut za raziskovanje krasa, Postojna, Slovenija 3 Kvarte 106, 53202 Perušić, Croatia *e-mail: jan.podlesnik@um.si 47 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Jure Jugovic1, Anastazija Milojević1, Sara Zupan1, Martina Lužnik1* Variabilnost demografskih parametrov pri glogovi belinki Aporia crataegi (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) na Kraškem robu Ključne besede: metoda lova in ponovnega ulova, preživetje, ulovljivost, velikost populacije, vstop v populacijo V petletni študiji smo na dveh kraških travnikih na Kraškem robu (JZ Slovenija) obravnavali variabilnost demografskih parametrov pri glogovi belinki ( Aporia crataegi), in sicer v letih 2012, 2013, 2015, 2017 in 2018. Podatke smo zbirali s pomočjo metode lova in ponovnega ulova, podatke pa analizirali v program MARK, da bi pridobili verodostojne podatke o populacijski dinamiki. Posamezni parametri (preživetje, ulovljivost, vstop novih živali v populacijo, velikost populacije) spreminjajo tako med različnimi območji, med spoloma in med leti. Populacija je na obravnavanem območju kljub spremembam v njenem habitatu zaenkrat stabilna. Tovrstna analiza prispeva k razumevanju variabilnosti demografskih parametrov in pomaga razumeti kompleksnost odziva neke vrste (v tem primeru glogove belinke) na spremembe v habitatu in krepi možnosti za uspešno varstvo. Variability of demographic parameters of Aporia crataegi (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) on the Karst edge Keywords: mark-release recapture (MRR), survival, catchability, population size, population entrance In a five-year study on two karst meadows on the Karst edge (SW Slovenia), we searched for the variability of the demographic parameters of the black veined white ( Aporia crataegi), namely in the years 2012, 2013, 2015, 2017 and 2018. The data were collected using the mark-release-recapture method (MRR), and the data were analyzed in the MARK program in order to obtain authentic data on population dynamics. Analysed parameters (survival, catchability, parameter of entrance, population size) differed between different areas, between sexes and between years. Despite the changes in its habitat, in this area the population is stable. This type of analysis contributes to the understanding of the variability of demographic parameters and helps to understand the complexity of the response of a species (in this case of Aporia crataegi) to changes in the habitat and strengthens the possibilities for its successful conservation 1 Univerza na Primorskem, Fakulteta za matematiko, naravoslovje in informacijske tehnologije, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenija *e-mail: martina.luznik@upr.si 48 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Klara Kopač1, Jure Peroš1, Manja Tišler1, Martina Lužnik1, Jure Jugovic1* Populacijska dinamika strašničinega mravljiščarja Phengaris teleius (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) v porečju Nanoščice Keywords: metulji, Lepidoptera, Sanguisorba officinalis, Myrmica sp., populacijski parametri Strašničin mravljiščar ( Phengaris teleius) je ozko ekološko specializirana vrsta – za uspešno razmnoževanje in preživetje potrebuje vlažne travnike, gostiteljsko rastlino zgodnjih larvalnih stadijev – zdravilno strašnico ( Sanguisorba officinalis) in gostiteljske mravlje ( Myrmica sp.) za poznejše larvalne stadije. V naši raziskavi smo v porečju Nanoščice pri Postojni leta 2019 na desetih krpah preverjali prisotnost gostiteljskih rastlin in mravelj ter s pomočjo metode MRR (ang. Mark – Release – Recapture: metoda lova, označevanja in ponovnega ulova) ugotavljali populacijsko dinamiko vrste. Tekom 21 terenskih dni smo skupaj označili 869 metuljev (439 samcev in 430 samic), od tega smo jih ponovno ujeli vsaj enkrat 269 (200 samcev in 69 samic). Velikost populacije samcev smo ocenili na 1525 (s 95 % intervalom zaupanja 1180–2029) in samic na 1002 (s 95% intervalom zaupanja 806– 1298). Ocenjena povprečna življenjska doba za samce je bila 4,03 dni, za samice pa 3,29 dni. Letalna sezona je bila leta 2019 dolga, trajala je vsaj 57 dni. Večina preletov (265 preletov = 98,51 %) je bilo krajših od 300 m, le manjši odstotek (1,49 % = 4 preleti) preletov je bil zelo dolg, od 3200–3600 m. Preko 3,2 km so preleteli trije samci in ena samica. Vedenje se je med samci in samicami razlikovalo. Samice so počivale v višjem deležu (14,79 %) kot samci (5,15 %). Population dynamics of Scarce Large Blue Phengaris teleius (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in Nanoščica river basin Keywords: butterflies, Lepidoptera, Sanguisorba officinalis, Myrmica sp., population parameters The scarce large blue ( Phengaris teleius) is ecologically a very specialized species - for its successful reproduction and survival, it requires wet meadows, the host plant of early larval stages ( Sanguisorba officinalis) and host ants ( Myrmica sp.) for the later larval stages. We confirmed the presence of host plants and ants in the Nanoščica river basin near Postojna in 2019 on ten meadows and determined the population dynamics of the species using the MRR (Mark – Release – Recapture) method. During 21 field days we marked a total of 869 butterflies (439 males and 430 females), of which we recaptured at least once 269 butterflies (200 males and 69 females). We estimated the population size of males at 1525 (with a 95% confidence interval of 1180–2029) and of females at 1002 (95 % confidence interval of 806–1298). The average lifespan for males was 4.03 days and for females 3.29 days. The flight season in 2019 lasted at least for 57 days. Most of the movements (265 movements = 98.51 %) were shorter than 300 m, only a small percentage (1.49 % = 4 movements) was very long, 3200–3600 m. Three males and one female travelled over 3.2 km. Behaviour differed between males and females. Females rested in higher percentages (14.79 %) than males (5.15 %). 1 Univerza na Primorskem, Fakulteta za matematiko, naravoslovje in informacijske tehnologije, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenija *e-mail: jure.jugovic@upr.si 49 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Tina Belej1*, Vladimir Ivović2, Jure Jugovic2 Vrstna pestrost vodnih stenic (Heteroptera) v naravnem rezervatu Škocjanski zatok (Slovenija) Ključne besede: abundanca, pojavljanje, diverziteta, slanost Spomladi leta 2022 smo opravili deset terenskih dni vzorčenja vodnih stenic (Heteroptera) v sladkovodnem delu naravnega rezervata Škocjanski zatok pri Kopru. Namen je bil oceniti vrstno pestrost vodnih stenic ter vpliv izbranih okoljskih parametrov na njihovo razporejenost in abundanco. Vodne stenice smo vzorčili na osmih vzorčnih mestih, kjer smo hkrati popisali izbrane parametre vode in lastnosti okolja. Skupno smo določili 14 vrst odraslih in 3 vrste ličink, ki pripadajo sedmim družinam. V štiri izmed sedmih družin smo uvrstili tiste ličinke, ki jih nismo uspeli določiti do vrste. Najmanjšo vrstno pestrost vodnih stenic smo zabeležili na vzorčnem mestu z najvišjo povprečno slanostjo z vrednostjo 4,5. Tu smo našli eno odraslo vrsto Nepa cinerea ter ličinke vrste Ilyocoris cimicoides. Največjo vrstno pestrost smo zabeležili na vzorčnem mestu v veliki mlaki z najnižjo povprečno slanostjo (0.29). Našli smo devet vrst odraslih in ličink, med njimi tudi ličinke vrste Hydrometra stagnorum. Odrasli predstavniki vrst Hespercorixa linnaei in Ilyocoris cimicoides so bili zastopani na štirih vzorčnih mestih z različno slanostjo. Vrsti se skupaj pojavljata le na dveh vzorčnih mestih. Ličinke družine Notonectidae smo našli povsod razen na vzorčnem mestu z najvišjo povprečno slanostjo. En osebek odraslega Aquarius najas smo našli le enkrat na eni lokaciji. Odrasle vodne stenice so spretni plavalci, drsalci in tudi letalci. Ti se v primeru stresa hitro skrijejo ali odletijo na nove lokacije. To je lahko razlog, zakaj nismo našli vseh stadijev in vrst na celotnem popisnem območju. Species diversity of water bugs (Heteroptera) in Škocjanski zatok Nature reserve (Slovenia) Key words: abundance, presence, diversity, salinity In spring 2022, we conducted ten field days to sample water bugs (Heteroptera) in aquatic habitats of the freshwater part of the Škocjanski Zatok Nature Reserve near Koper. Our main objective was to asses the species diversity of these insects and to study the effects of various environmentalfactors on their distribution and abundance. We focused on eight sampling sites where we collected water bugs and recorded essential information on water and environmental characteristics. In our study, we identified a total of 14 species of adults and 3 species of larvae belonging to seven families. We assigned the specimens that we could not identify to species level to 4 families. The lowest water bug species diversity was recorded at site with the highest average salinity of 4.5. At this site, we observed one adult specimen of Nepa cinerea and larvae of Ilyocoris cimicoides. Interestingly, the highest species diversity was found at site in a large pond with the lowest average salinity (0.29). Here we found nine species of adults and larvae from five families, including larvae of Hydrometra stagnorum. Adults of Hesperocorixa linnaei and Ilyocoris cimicoides were found at four different sites with varying salinities. However, they co-occur at only two sites. Larvae of the family Notonectidae were widespread expect at site with highest salinity. In addition, an adult Aquarius najas was found only once at a particular site. Adult water bugs are skilled swimmers, water skaters and even fliers. When stressed, they quickly hide or fly to a new location. This could be the reason why we did not find all stages and species in the entire study area. 1Reka 6b, 3270 Laško 2Univerza na Primorskem, Fakulteta za matematiko, naravoslovje in informacijske tehnologije, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenija *e-mail: tinabeley@gmail.com 50 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Urška Ratajc1, Špela Ambrožič Ergaver1, Andrej Kapla1, Al Vrezec1,2* Predlog uvrstitve vrst mrharjev na rdeči seznam ogroženih vrst Slovenije Ključne besede: Coleoptera, hrošči, ogrožene vrste, travišča Mrharji (Silphidae) imajo pomembno vlogo v procesu razgradnje živalskih trupel. Številne vrste po svetu močno upadajo, nekatere so že na robu izumrtja. Podatke za Slovenijo smo zbrali iz literature, entomoloških zbirk in treh podatkovnih zbirk. Zajemali so obdobje med letoma 1763 do 2020. Glede na zbrane podatke smo v favni mrharjev Slovenije ugotovili 23 vrst. Prevladujejo pretežno negozdne vrste (15 vrst) nad pretežno gozdnimi vrstami (7 vrst) in eno generalistično vrsto. Najpogostejše vrste (vrste z več kot 10 % vseh zbranih podatkov) so rdečevrati mrhar ( Oiceoptoma thoracicum), polžji mrhar ( Phosphuga atrata), krznenovrati grobar ( Nicrophorus vespillo) in mali grobar ( N. vespilloides). Najbolj ogrožene so se izkazale negozdne oziroma travniške vrste. Dve vrsti sta že izumrli (veliki grobar, Nicrophorus germanicus in stepski grobar, N. sepultor), ena vrsta je domnevno izumrla (zlata pesovka, Aclypea opaca), treh vrst pa v zadnjih 20 letih nismo več našli (raskava pesovka, Aclypea undata, poljski mrtvoljub, Thanatophilus dispar, kosmati grobar, Nicrophorus vestigator), med redkejšimi vrstami pa izstopata še gorski grobar ( Nicrophorus sepulchralis) in gorski mrhar ( Silpha tyrolensis). Na trenutno veljavnem Rdečem seznamu sta uvrščeni samo dve vrsti mrharjev, in sicer četveropikasti mrhar ( Dendroxena quadrimaculata) kot prizadeta vrsta (E) in veliki grobar ( Nicrophorus germanicus) kot izumrla vrsta (Ex). Obstoječi seznam je bil oblikovan na podlagi nepopolnega poznavanja skupine pred več kot 20 leti, z novo zbranimi zgodovinskimi in recentnimi podatki pa podajamo nov predlog uvrstitve in kategorizacije vrst mrharjev na Rdečem seznamu ogroženih vrst Slovenije. Red list proposal for silphids of Slovenia Keywords: Coleoptera, beetles, endangered species, grasslands Carrion beetles (Silphidae) have an important role in the process of decomposition of animal carcasses. Many species worldwide are declining and some are already on the verge of extinction. We collected data for Slovenia from the literature, entomological collections and three databases, which covered the period between 1763 and 2020. According to the created database, we identified 23 species in the Carrion Beetles fauna of Slovenia. The fauna of Carrion Beetles in Slovenia is dominated by non-forest species (15 species) over forest species (7 species) and one generalist species. The most common species (species with over 10% of all collected data) are Oiceoptoma thoracicum, Phosphuga atrata, Nicrophorus vespillo and N. vespilloides. We found that non-forest species (mostly grassland species) are the most endangered. Two of the species are already extinct (Nicrophorus germanicus, N. sepultor), one species is believed to be extinct ( Aclypea opaca), three species have not been found in the last 20 years ( Aclypea undata, Thanatophilus dispar, Nicrophorus vestigator), while Nicrophorus sepulchralis and Silpha tyrolensis stands out as rare and restricted species. The currently valid Red List includes only two species of Carrion Beetles, specifically Dendroxena quadrimaculata as an endangered species (E) and Nicrophorus germanicus as an extinct species (Ex). The existing list was made on the basis of incomplete knowledge of the group more than 20 years ago, and with the newly collected historical and recent data we propose a new classification of the Carrion Beetle species in the Red List of Endangered Species of Slovenia. 1 Oddelek za raziskave organizmov in ekosistemov, Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana 2 Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije, Prešernova 20, SI-1000 Ljubljana *e-mail: al.vrezec@nib.si 51 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Zala Horvat1*, Jana Šušnjar2, Katja Adam2 Sezonska aktivnost tigrastih komarjev ( Aedes albopictus) v Obalno-kraški regiji ter soodvisnost med številom odraslih samic in številom jajčec Ključne besede: lov odraslih komarjev z aspiratorjem, tigrasti komar Tigrasti komar ( Ae. albopictus) ima velik medicinski pomen, saj je prenašalec številnih virusov, poleg tega je velika nadloga, saj svoj krvni obrok v mestih samice večinoma zaužijejo na ljudeh in to podnevi. Namen študije je bil oceniti gostoto populacije tigrastih komarjev v Kopru in ugotoviti, ali obstaja soodvisnost med številom odraslih samic komarjev in številom jajčec. Terensko delo smo opravljali od maja do novembra 2022 v Kopru. Odrasle komarje smo vzorčili z aspiratorjem na 12-ih lokacijah. Vzorčenje je potekalo 5 min v času največje aktivnosti komarjev. Med vzorčenjem smo poleg sebe postavili škatlo, prekrito s črno vrečo, za dodatno privabljanje odraslih komarjev. Med vzorčenjem smo beležili, ali so bili komarji ujeti med pristankom na osebi, ki je vzorčila, ali v zraku ter vreme (povprečno temperaturo, padavine, hitrost vetra in oblačnost). Ujete komarje smo v laboratoriju določili do vrste do vrste. Poleg tega smo na 20-ih lokacijah postavljali lončke za beleženje jajčec komarjev. Palčke v lončkih smo tedensko menjavali, v laboratorju prešteli jajčeca komarjev na palčkah, jih vzgojili do ličink 4. stopnje in nato določili do vrste. Največ ujetih samic tigrastega komarja je bilo zabeleženih v juliju, avgustu in septembru. Največje število jajčec smo zabeležili v juniju, juliju in avgustu. Poleg tigrastega komarja smo tekom raziskave zaznali še dve tujerodni vrsti komarjev, japonskega ( Aedes japonicus) in korejskega ( Aedes koreicus) komarja. Vrh števila odraslih samic tigrastih komarjev je sledil z zamikom vrhu števila jajčec, kar je pričakovan rezultat. Študija je bila del vseevropskega spremljanja soodvisnosti med odraslimi samicami tigrastih komarjev in odloženimi jajčeci in je prispevala pomembne podatke k omenjeni raziskavi. Študija je bila izvedena potrjena s strani Komisija Univerze na Primorskem za etiko v raziskavah, ki vključujejo delo z ljudmi (KER UP). Seasonal activity of Asian Tiger Mosquitoes ( Aedes albopictus) in the Coastal-Karst region and the correlation between the number of adult females and the number of eggs Key words: human landing catch, tiger mosquito The Asian tiger mosquito ( Ae. albopictus) is of great medical importance, as it is a carrier of dengue, chikungunya and many other viruses, and it is also a great nuisance, as the females mostly take their blood meal on humans in cities during the day. The aim of the research was to estimate the population density of Asian tiger mosquitoes in the coastal region and to determine whether there is a correlation between the number of adult female mosquitoes and the number of eggs. We carried out fieldwork from May to November 2022 in Koper. Adult mosquitoes were sampled with an aspirator at 12 locations. Sampling took place for 5 min at the time of maximum mosquito activity. During sampling, a box covered with a black bag was placed next to us to further attract adult mosquitoes. During sampling, we recorded whether the mosquitoes were caught while landing on the sampler or in the air and the weather (average temperature, precipitation, wind speed and cloud cover). The caught mosquitoes were determined to species. In addition, we set up ovitraps for recording mosquito eggs at 20 locations. The sticks in the ovitraps were changed weekly. The mosquito eggs on the sticks were counted in the laboratory, they were reared to 4th larval stage and then determined to species. The largest number of captured females of Asian tiger mosquitoes was recorded in July, August and September. The largest number of eggs was recorded in June, July and August. In addition to the tiger mosquito, two non-native mosquito species, the Aedes japonicus japonicus and Aedes koreicus, were detected during the survey. The peak in the number of adult female tiger mosquitoes followed with a delay the peak in the number of eggs, which is the expected result. The study was part of a pan-European monitoring of the correlation between adult female tiger mosquitoes and eggs and contributed important data to the research. The study was approved by the Commission of the University of Primorska for Ethics in Human Subjects Research (KER UP). 1 Cesta v Pečale 13, 1231 Ljubljana-Črnuče 2 Univerza na Primorskem, Fakulteta za matematiko, naravoslovje in informacijske tehnologije Koper Glagoljaška ulica 8, 6000 Koper *e-mail: zala.tos@gmail.com 52 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Zina Devetak1, 2*, Maarten De Groot1, Stanislav Trdan2, Barbara Piškur1 Metode identifikacije podblunikov (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Ključne besede: Scolytinae, podlubnik, identifikacija, morfološki ključ, molekularno Podlubniki in ambrozijski hrošči iz poddružine Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) igrajo pomembno vlogo v gozdovih širom sveta. Pripadnike nekaterih vrst zaradi njihove sposobnosti vplivanja na gozdne ekosisteme ter povzročanja socioekonomske in okoljske škode uvrščamo med pomembne gozdne in agronomske škodljivce. Orodja, ki omogočajo zanesljivo in hitro identifikacijo hroščev so ključnega pomena za učinkovito zgodnjo zaznavo. S tem pripomorejo k preprečevanju novih in k omejevanju že razvitih izbruhov, ki so lahko tudi posledica vnosa organizmov na nova območja. V prispevku pregledamo dejavnike, ki lahko vplivajo na izbiro orodja za identifikacijo hroščev iz poddružine Scolytinae. Opišemo različne vrste orodij, za vsako naštejemo primere in, kjer je možno, ugotovimo prednosti in slabosti posameznih ključev in protokolov. Identification methods for bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Keywords: Scolytinae, bark beetle, identification, morphological key, molecular In forests worldwide, bark and ambrosia beetles from the subfamily Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) play an important role. Some species are considered to be significant forest and agricultural pests, as they have the potential to inflict major impacts on forests, both environmental and socioeconomic. Their destructive potential can be further increased with novel introductions. Consequently, reliable, and time-efficient identification is a crucial tool for early detection and, in case of already established outbreaks, efficient measure planning and damage mitigation. In this review, the aspects of choosing an appropriate identification tool for Scolytinae beetles are discussed. Different methods of identification are listed. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are reflected upon. For each method, examples are provided and if possible, key advantages and disadvantages are also identified for individual keys and protocols. 1 Gozdarski inštitut Slovenije, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija 2 Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija *e-mail: zina.devetak@gozdis.si 53 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 UDELEŽENCI / PARTICIPANTS Ajda Moškrič ajda.moskric@kis.si Kmetijski inštitut Slovenije, Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana Al Vrezec al.vrezec@nib.si Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana Alenka Žunič Kosi alenka.zunic-kosi@nib.si Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana Ali Šalamun ali.salamun@ckff.si Center za kartografijo favne in flore, Tacenska 20, 1000 Ljubljana Aljoša Pirnat alja.pirnat@gmail.com ZVERCE, Aljoša Pirnat s.p., Groharjeva 18, 1241 Kamnik Anastazija Milojević anastazijamilojevic@gmail.com Fabianijeva ulica 45, Ljubljana Andrej Kapla andrej.kapla@nib.si Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana Andrej Gogala agogala@pms-lj.si Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije, Prešernova 20, 1001 Ljubljana Anton Gradišek anton.gradisek@ijs.si Odsek za fiziko trdne snovi in Odsek za inteligentne sisteme, Institute Jožef Stefan, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana Barbara Zakšek barbara.zaksek@ckff.si Center za kartografijo favne in Flore, Antoličičeva 1, 2204 Miklavž na Dravskem polju Bia Rakar bia.rakar@gmail.com Seča 145, 6320 Portorož Branko Vreš branko.vres@zrc-sazu.si ZRC SAZU, Biološki inštitut Jovana Hadžija, Novi trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana Damjan Milošević damjanmilosevic.dam@gmail.com Drage Šćitara 17, Rijeka, Hrvaška Damjan Vinko damjan.vinko@gmail.com Slovensko odonatološko društvo, Verovškova 56, 1000 Ljubljana Dušan Devetak dusan.devetak@guest.arnes.si Oddelek za biologijo, Fakulteta za naravoslovje in matematiko, Univerza v Mariboru, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenija Eva Groznik eva.groznik@gozdis.si Gozdarski inštitut Slovenije, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana Eva Praprotnik eva.praprotnik@kis.si Kmetijski inštitut Slovenije, Oddelek za varstvo rastlin, Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana Gabrijel Seljak gabrijel.seljak@gmail.com Kromberška cesta 8, 5000 Nova Gorica Grega Sarka gregasarka1@hotmail.com UP FAMNIT, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper Farah Kootstra i.g.kootstra@student.rug.nl University of Groningen, Broerstraat 5, 9712 CP Groningen, Nizozemska Igor Nekrep igor.nekrep@kis.si Kmetijski inštitut Slovenije, Hacquetova ul. 17, 1000 Ljubljana Jan Podlesnik jan.podlesnik@um.si Oddelek za biologijo, Fakulteta za naravoslovje in matematiko, Univerza v Mariboru, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor Jernej Lavbič jernej.lavbic@gmail.com Ljubljanska cesta 18, 3000 Celje Jernej Polajnar jernej.polajnar@nib.si Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana Jure Jugovic jure.jugovi@upr.si UP FAMNIT, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper Kaja Vukotić kaja.vukotic@gmail.com Center za kartografijo favne in Flore, Antoličičeva 1, 2204 Miklavž na Dravskem polju Kaja Vereš kaja.veres@gmail.com Podgrad 50, 9250 Gornja Radgona Katja Adam katja.adam@upr.si UP FAMNIT, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper Klara Kopač klara.kopac@gmail.com UP FAMNIT, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper Luka Capuder luka.capuder@gozdis.si Gozdarski inštitut Slovenije, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana Maarten de Groot maarten.degroot@gozdis.si Gozdarski inštitut Slovenije, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana Marco Bognolo mbognolo@yahoo.it Vicolo degli Scaglioni 28, Trieste, Italy Martina Lužnik martina.luznik@upr.si UP FAMNIT, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper 54 Šesti slovenski entomološki simpozij z mednarodno udeležbo | Izola, 15.–16. september 2023 Sixth Slovenian Entomological Symposium with International Attendance | Izola, 15–16 September 2023 Matija Gogala matija.gogala@guest.arnes.si Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti, Novi trg 3, 1000 Ljubljana Matjaž Bedjanič matjaz.bedjanic@nib.si Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana Mladen Kotarac mladen.kotarac@gmail.com Natalia Kirichenko nkirichenko@yahoo.com Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center ‘Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS’, Akademgorodok 50/28, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia Institute of Ecology and Geography, Siberian Federal University, Svobodny pr. 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia Nataša Stritih Peljhan natasa.stritih-peljhan@nib.si Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, Oddelek za raziskave organizmov in ekosistemov, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana Nika Kogovšek nika.kogovsek@ckff.si Cesta 24. junija 66, 1000 Ljubljana Sara Zupan sara.zupan@upr.si UP FAMNIT, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper Saška Lipovšek saska.lipovsek@um.si Medicinska fakulteta UM, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor Oddelek za biologijo, Fakulteta za naravoslovje in matematiko, Univerza v Mariboru, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor, Slovenija Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo, Smetanova ulica 17, Univerza v Mariboru, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia Slavko Polak slavko.polak@notranjski-muzej.si Zavod Znanje Postojna, Kolodvorska ulica 3, 6230 Postojna Špela Modic spela.modic@kis.si Kmetijski inštitut Slovenije, Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000 Ljubljana Špela Ambrožič spela.ambrozicergaver@nib.si Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ergaver Ljubljana Tanja Vajs vajs.tanja@gmail.com Medicinska fakulteta, Univerza v Mariboru, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor Tatjana Čelik tatjana.celik@zrc-sazu.si ZRC SAZU, Biološki inštitut Jovana Hadžija, Novi trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana Tea Knapič tknapic@pms-lj.si Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije, Prešernova cesta 20, 1000 Ljubljana Teo Delić teo.delic@bf.uni-lj.si Biotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za biologijo, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana Tina Belej tinabeley@gmail.com Reka 6b 3270 Laško Tomi Trilar ttrilar@pms-lj.si Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije, Prešernova 20, 1000 Ljubljana Toni Koren toni.koren@hhdhyla.hr Association Hyla, Lipovac I no. 7, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia Urška Ratajc ursa.ratajc@gmail.com Oddelek za raziskave organizmov in ekosistemov, Nacionalni inštitut za biologijo, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana Valerija Zakšek valerija.zaksek@bf.uni-lj.si Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana Vesna Klokočovnik vesna.klokocovnik@um.si Oddelek za biologijo, Fakulteta za naravoslovje in matematiko, Univerza v Mariboru, Koroška cesta 160, 2000 Maribor Vid Švara v.svara@fh-kaernten.at UNESCO Chair on Sustainable Management of Conservation Areas, IT & Engineering, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Europastraße 4, 9524 Villach, Austria Vladimir Ivović vladimir.ivovic@famnit.upr.si UP FAMNIT, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper Zala Horvat zala.tos@gmail.com UP FAMNIT, Glagoljaška 8, 6000 Koper Zina Devetak zina.devetak@gozdis.si Gozdarski inštitut Slovenije, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana Univerza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija 55