CMMBcniHHe 3HaHeHHH neKceMM „TKaHMHa" b KOHTeKCTi CiMeMHMX GÖpHgiB
Onb^a ÄKoeneea
The vocabulary meaning of the word "cloth" is compared with its symbolical meaning, which this word acquires in traditional texts. The article analyses the sacral function of a fabric, which is represented in family traditions by different objective symbols, i.e. towel, head scarf, table cloth etc.
Keywords: symbolical meaning, objective symbol, actional symbol, sacral, cloth, everyday.
flna Toro, ^06 yaBHTM gyxoBHHH CBiT nrogen ganeKMX TMCHHoniTb, 3aMa-no 3i6paTH neBHy KinbKicTb HayKOBUx gaHux. noTpi6eH npopuB y HeBigoMe, hkhm 060B'fl3K0B0 noB'fl3aHHH 3i 3MiHoro paKypcy nornagy Ha npegMeT gocnig^eHHH, a ^e mo^hmbo 3a yMoBM BKnroqeHHH y nomyK yciei cyKynHocTi gyxoBHUx BnacTMBocTen nrogMHM. He nume 11 3HaHHfl Ta po3yMy, a m yaBM, MpiMHocTi, cmhm Boni, He6aHgy^ocTi go MaM6yTHboro i Ha^agKiB, nro6oBi go pigHoi 3eMni Ta 11 MUHynoro, rnH6oKoi noBaru go npegKiB i ixHboro gocBigy, BpemTi-pemT - BignoBiganbHocTi nepeg npa^ypaMU, cyqacHUKaMU i Ha^agKaMU, ByTTHM (BcecBiToM, BoroM) hk TaKUM (Hmuxob, 2001: 8).
CuMBoniHHe 3HaHeHHfl neKceMU „TKaHUHa" noB'fl3aHo 3 Mi^onoriHHUM Muc-neHHHM, oT^e, Mae npaMe BigHomeHHH go KorHiTUBHoi niHrBicTUKU, b Me^ax hkoi e 6araTo ^iKaB0^0 m nepcneKTUBHoro. AKTyanbHicTb 3a3HaHeHoi TeMU o6yMoBnroeTbcfl TUM, ^o Ha cyqacHoMy eTani po3BUTKy ryMaHiTapHUx 3HaHb „gocnig^eHHH Hapog-HonoeTUHHoi cUMBoniKU aKTyani3yroTbcfl y 3B'fl3Ky 3 noTpe6oro rnU6moro ni3HaHHfl Tpagu^iMHoi KynbTypU, HapogHoro cBiTornagy, MeHTaniTeTy yKpaiH^iB, K0H^e^^iM pogo^eHTpu3My Ta aHTpo^o^eHTpu3My" ( ^MUTpeHKo, 2011: 368).
BpaxoByroHU iHTepec go TeMaTUKU HayKoBUx po3BigoK y paMKax noHHTb „MoBa i KynbTypa", BHeHi Bce HacTime 3BepTaroTb yBary Ha eTHoniHrBicTUHHUM acneKT npU BUBHeHHi ceMaHTUKU cnoBa. Ba^nUBUM npU ^b0My e BUxig y MaKpoceMaHTUKy, to6-to buhb mUpoKoro K0H^e^TyanbH0^0 cneKTpy gocnig^yBaHoi neKceMU. HaragaeMo gyMKy npo Te, ^o aHani3 ceMaHTUHHUx noniB Mo^Ha BecTU Ha Tpbox piBHHx: BnacHe ceMaHTUHH0My, M0TUByroH0My Ta Ha piBHi KynbTypHoi cUMBoniKU. OcTaHHiM, hk Bi-goMo, po3TamoByeTbcfl b TaK 3BaHiM „KynbTypHiM Hag6ygoBi", i npU Moro onUcaHHi Ba^nUBUMU e noHHTTH „caKpanbHe" i „npo^aHHe" (Bepe30BUH, 2004: 16).
CaKpanbHe y cBiT0BigH0meHHi, - ycnig 3a B. ^UHK0Bax, - mu po3yMieMo hk cbo-ro pogy „eKcTpepyMu", KpaMHi tohku, ^o oKpecnroroTb „Hu^Hro" Ta „BepxHro" Me^i; iHmuMu cnoBaMu, ^e - nonrocu Hanpyru nrogcbKoro ^utth... (^uHK0Bax, 2005: 55).
ycHa HapogHa TBopnicTb, pi3Ho^aHpoBi ^onbKnopHi TeKCTU e TaKMMM TBopa-MM MHCTe^TBa, ^o niflHiMaroTb nrogMHy go caKpanbHMX, gyxoBHO nigHeceHux CTaHiB. CaMe B KOHTeKCTi oöpagiB i puTyaniB caKpanbHe m npo^aHHe HiTKo npoABnae ce6e, po3ginflroHH BH^e3ragaHi piBHi niHrBicTMHHoro gocnig^eHHH: ceMaHTMHHMŽ, motm-ByroHMH Ta piBeHb KynbTypHo'i cuMBoniKu.
P03rnflHeM0 ceMaHTUKy neKceMu „TKaHUHa" b Me^ax cynacHoro neKCuKorpa^in-Horo 3HaHeHHfl, ^o, no-nepme, cyTTeBo Bigpi3HfleTbCfl i, no-gpyre, e 3HaHHo By^HUM y nopiBHHHHi i3 cuMBoniHHUM 3HaHeHHflM. OT^e, TKaHUHa - ^e BMpi6, BuroToBneHUM y ^po^eci TKaHHH Ha TKa^bKOMy BepcTaTi (BenuKUM TnyMaHHUM cnoBHUK cynacHoi yKpaiHCbKoi mobm, 2007: 1455).
^ogo eTUMonoriHHUx cnoBHUKiB: M. ^acMep BBa^ae, ^o giecnoBo „TKaTu" noB'fl3aHe 3i cnoBaMU „TUKaTu", „KonoTu", „nxaTu", „cTyKaTu", „KonoTUTu". ABTop Bi-goMoro cnoBHUKa HaBoguTb i gyMKy MiKnomuHa npo Te, ^o cnoBa 3i 3HaHeHHflM „TKaTu" cnig BigginaTU Big cniB 3i 3HaHeHHflM „KonoTu" m „TUKaTu" (^acMep, 1967, T. IV: 64).
^iKaBO, ^o M neKceMa cymKU, aKa cTpyKTypHo po3nagaeTbcfl Ha gBi HacTUHu: cy- i m^Ki, noB'a3aHa 3i cnoBoM muKamu, ^o o3HaHae: „ctmk gHa i Honi" (^acMep, 1967, T. III : 811). MMoBipHo, npegKU Bipunu, ^o geHb THeTbca 6oraMM. B. r. TapaHe^b nume 3 ^bo^o npuBogy: „flocnig^eHHa repMaHicTiB cBignaTb, ^o 6inbm gpeBHiM e By3bKe 3HaHeHHa neKceMU BcecBim: „geHb, a6o cBiTna HacTUHa cyToK. noTiM ^e cnoBo cTano no3HaHaTM cymKU (cBiTny Ta TeMHy HacTUHu). O6MgBa 3HaHeHHa 36epernMca y cyHacHUx repMaHcbKUx MoBax. OKpeMoro cnoBa gna no3HaHeHHa cyToK y ^Mx MoBax HeMae" (TapaHe^b, 1999: 63).
Ha gyMKy B. flana: „TKaTb ot THKaTb", ane aK^o gia 6araTopa3oBa i TpuBana, to B^UBaeTbca ^opMa „ToKaTb, a He THKaTb" (flanb, 1989: 407).
B yKpaiHcbKiM MoBi „TKaTu" noB'a3aHe 3 „TUKaTu", cnopigHeHe b iHmux MoBax 3i „cTyKaTu", „tobktm b cTyni", „6ygyro, BuroToBnaro, po6nro" to^o (ETUMonoriHHUM cnoBHUK yKp. mobm, 2006, T. 5: 582).
3 Hamoi tohkm 3opy, giecnoBo „TKaTu" Mae npaMe BigHomeHHa go giecnoBa „tm-KaTu" aK ocHoBHoi gii, HanpuKnag, npu nneTiHHi 3 poro3M a6o no3M, ^o, no-nepme, cnpuano po3BMTKy niBoi niBKyni Mo3Ky, aKa BignoBigae 3a noriHHe MucneHHa, i, no-gpyre, cTano ^yHgaMeHToM gna BMpo6neHHa TKaHUHU.
flocnig^eHHa apxeonoraMU „B6paHHa naneoniTUHHUx „BeHep" cBigHaTb npo icHyBaHHa pi3HoMaHiTHMx i cKnagHUx TeKcTunbHUx TexHonoriM, cepeg aKUx - Buro-ToBneHHa BipboBoK, ciToK, nneTeHHa Kop3MH Ta BuroToBneHHa TKaHUHU. 3 gaBHix-ga-BeH 3'aBMnaca TpagM^ia B^UBaHHa noacHoro ogary. OT^e, 3a ogHiero 3 rinoTe3, icHyBaHHa TeKcTunbHoro BMpo6HM^TBa BigHocuTbca go naBnoBcbKoi KynbTypu i noHano po3BMBaTMca 33-29 TucaH poKiB ToMy (CaHHiKoBa, 2005: 487).
X. Bobk 3a3HaHae, ^o BuroToBneHHa rpy6oi BoBHaHoi TKaHUHU, a TaKo^ cy-KoHHe BMpo6HM^TBO icHyBano b KuiBcbKiM Pyci „nepeg npuMHaTTaM xpecTa"... ^i-hohmm ogar „nepexoBaB y co6i 3HaHHo 6inbme apxaiHHux eneMeHTiB, aKi noxogaTb 3 Tiei go6M, Konu ^iHoHa oge^a He Bigpi3Hanacb TaK og HonoBiHoi, aK Tenep"... 3aranoM, yKpaiHa - ogHa 3 He6araTbox eBponeficbKux KpaiH, ^o 36eperna HafinpuMiTUBHimy oge^y: mMaToK TKaHUHU, o6ropHyTMM HaBKono HU^Hboi nonoBUHU Tina Ta npuTpu-MaHUM Kono cTaHy 3aB'a3KaMM a6o noacoM. ^e - 3anacKa, gepra, nnaxTa (Bobk, 1995: 74; 126; 149).
CaKpanbHy ^yHK^iro TKaHMHM mm p03rnflflaeM0 b CMMBoniHHOMy 3HaHeHHi koh-KpeTHMX npegMeTiB y KOHTeKCTi poguHHOi oöpagoBOCTi, 30KpeMa, nonoTHa i pymHM-Ka, xona Ba^nMBy ponb rparoTb m iHmi pi3HOBHgH TKaHoro nonoTHa.
CMMBoniHHe 3HaHeHHfl HMTKM, KHyÖKa 3aKap6oBaHe b TeKCTax Ka3OK: napiB-hmm Kny6oK, hk npaBMno, BKa3ye gopory ronoBHOMy repoeBi, a6o mnax go Toro CBiTy. CMMBoniKa Kny6Ka Mo^e TnyMaHMTMca aM6iBaneHTHo: ^e, no-nepme, cmmboh ^mt-TGBoro mnaxy, BH3HaHeHoro Hanepeg CMnaMM, HKi garoTb ^eM Kny6oK, no-gpyre, ^e
-	CMMBon 3B'fl3Ky 3 n0T0M6iHHHMH CMHaMM, HMTKa, HKa noegHye repofl 3 npegcTaBHu-KaMM pogy y n0T0M6iHHi. „Kny6oK noKa3ye mnax i Tygu, „ge TinbKM He6o i 3eMnfl", i Tygu, ge repoM 3go6yBae napiBHy gpy^MHy" (flaBMgroK, 2005: 75).
y Mi^onoriflx CBiTy CTanMM e noHHTTH „HUTKa goni". Chobhmk CMMBoniB Kynb-Typu yKpaiHM nogae yHBneHHH npo flonro, 3ragyroHH gaBHix rpeKiB, y Mi^onorii hkmx flona nepcoHi^iKyeTbCfl b o6pa3i Tpbox 6orHHb nrogcbKoi floni... Bohm BonoginM hmt-Koro ^MTTH KO^Hoi nrogMHM (CnoBHMK CMMBoniB KynbTypM yKpaiHM, 2002: 79).
BigoMO, ^o npagiHHfl i TKa^TBO b 6inbmocTi nepBicHOo6^HHHHX cycninbCTB 6yno noB'fl3aHe 3 pi3Horo pogy oxopoHHMMM 3a6opoHaMH i ^o, 3a gaBHiMu yaBneH-HHMM, ^i TpygoBi ^po^ecH, 3giMCHroBaHi ^iHKaMM, Manu MariHHMŽ 3B'fl3OK i3 pocTOM pocHMH, 36inbmeHHflM noroniB'a TBapuH, 3gopoB'flM guTUHu, ^o Hapog^yeTbca, iH-
muMu cnoBaMu - flKpa3 i3 tum, ^o 6yno ronoBHoro ^yHK^iero BoruHi-MaTepi (Kuh-^anoB, 1990: 21, 83). y ^bOMy Mu B6aHaeMO aHanoriro 3 HažgaBHimuMu yaBneHHHMu yKpaiH^iB npo flonro. „BenuKa BoruHH, 3aMMaroHucb npagiHHHM i TKa^TBOM, 3giMCHroe aKT TBopeHHH, opraHi3oBye, BnopagKoBye xaoc, nepeTBoproronu Moro b kocmoc" [TaM caMo]. HaragaeMo, ^o caMe ^i yHBneHHH Big6uTo b peiHKapHanbHux Mi^ax npagaBHix yKpaiH^iB. XpoHonoriHHo TaKi yHBneHHH, MMoBipHo, c^opMyBanuca b nepiog nepexo-gy Big MaTpiapxaTy go naTpiapxaTy. P. KiH^anoB, aHani3yroHu npuKnag, b HKoMy 3eBC THe noKpuBano, ge 3o6pa^eHi 3eMnfl m oKeaH, po6uTb buchobok, ^o ponb TBop^fl BcecBiTy nepegaHa HonoBinoMy nepcoHa^eBi, ane cuMBoniKa TKa^TBa hk opraHi3yro-qoro Havana B ^bOMy ^po^eci 3anumaeTbCfl (KuH^anoB, 1990: 85).
TKaHUHa HK o6epir Mae caKpanbHe 3HaHeHHfl y pogunbHiM o6pflgoBocTi. ny-noBUHy HoBoHapog^eHiM giBHUH^i 6a6a-noBUTyxa nepepi3ye Ha rpe6eHi Big Kygeni, ^o6 3 Hei BUMmna npana. nepeg xpecTUHaMu 6a6a b npucyTHocTi KyMiB Kynae guTu-Hy, 3aropTae b copo^Ky (xnonnuKa - y 6aTbKoBy, giBHUHKy - y MaTepuHy). Xpe^eHa MaTu gapye guTUHi mMaToK TKaHUHu, ^o Ha3UBaeTbCfl „Kpu^Mo": Big naT. Chrisma
-	MuponoMa3aHHfl; 3ano3UHeHo 3 ^pe^bKoi. ^e - 6ina TKaHUHa, b HKy cnoBUBaroTb guTUHy xpe^eHi 6aTbKu nicna o6pflgy xpe^eHHH. KpuM - ^e xpecT, a TaKo^ CTapa Mipa goB^uHu Big HocKa npaBoi Horu go KiH^fl cepegHboro ^anb^fl BUTHrHyToi niBoi pyKu. ^epK0BH0cn0B'flHCbKe KpuMb - xpecT, oneBugHo, 3ano3UHeHe Hepe3 nocepeg-Hu^TBO nonbCbKoi, HecbKoi i cnoBeHCbKoi mob 3 poMaHCbKoi mobu niBHiHHo-cxigHoi iTanii (ETUMonoriHHUM cnoBHUK yKp. mobu, 2006: 89-90).
nynoK guTUHi nepeB'fl3yBanu nnaHoro hutkom, cnneTeHoro 3 BonoccHM MaTepi M 6aTbKa. nepmy copo^Ky guTUHi 6infl na3yxu BumuBanu cuHiM KonbopoM. fliBo-qi copoHKu BumuBanucfl m BUMepe^yBanuca TinbKu 6inuM, go ^iHonux gogaBanuca po^eBUM Ta ^obtum Konbopu. nepmi copoHKu Ha3UBanucfl nbonxMu; 'ix Tpe6a 6yno nignepe3yBaTu, i noac, hk o6epir, 3axu^aB guTUHy (CaHHiKoBa, 2005: 492).
fliBHUHa, roTyronu npugaHe, Bce po6una caMa: npana, MoTana, 3onuna (BunaproBana y noneni), 6inuna TKaHUHy Ha pymHUKu i copoHKu.
PymHMKM Ha Becinni Manu 060B'fl3K0B0 6yTH öinuMM. npo ^e giBHMHa göana 3afl0Br0 go Becinna. CuMBoniKy 6inoro Konbopy gocnig^yBaB 0.noTe6Hfl: „BinH3Ha - cuMBon Kpacu, i Ha ^iH ocHoBi ne6igb - cuMBon ^iHKu i nepeBa^Ho giBHUHu; „BTpa-HaTu giBoqy Kpacy" o3HaHano BigcTaBaTu Big 6inux ne6egiB (giBHaT) i npuegHyBaTuca go cipux ryceM, to6to 3aMi^Hix ^iHoK. TaKe 3HaHeHHfl 6inoro Konbopy BunnuBae i3 Toro, ^o BiH e cuMBonoM KoxaHHa: mutu 6ino 3HaHuTb nro6uTu" (noTe6Hfl, 1860: 43). 3BepHeMocfl go TeKcTy: He 6yna h BÖoua Ha cboix 3apyHUHax, 3a ffyHaeu 6yna, nonomeH^e 6inuna (yKpaiHcbKi nicHi..., 1974:164). y BecinbHoMy o6pflgi mu Buginunu He TinbKu cuMBoniHHe, to6to caKpanbHe 3HaHeHHfl neKceMu „pymHuK", a m 6ygeHHe, npo^aHHe. TaK, Ha ogHoMy 3 eTaniB pu-Tyany cBaTaHHa gpy^Ko npoMoBnae: „...mu nroge gopo^Hii; y Hac pyKu HenucTi. Mu Ha 6e3^yTu^i oguH gpyroro paTyBanu m pyKu cbou noMa3anu. To He 6yna 6 Bama MunocTb no3BonuTb HaM pyKu noMuTb i pymHuKaMu noTepTu?" BaTbKo i MaTu Ha-peHeHoi nigxogaTb go cTony, cTaBnaTb nuTyH [gianeKTHe: nocyg gna nuTTa] (BenuKuM TnyMaHHuM cnoBHuK cynacHoi yKpaiHcbKoi mobu, 2007 : 945), gpy^Ku MuroTb pyKu, MaTu nigHocuTb iM pymHuKu Ha Tapin^i i npocuTb, ^o6 bohu npuMHanu 'ix o6TepTu pyKu; gpy^Ku 6epyTb pymHuKu m Ka^yTb: „Cnacu6i cBaTy m cBaci, i MonogiM KHaru-Hi, ^o BoHa paHo BcTaBana, nogapKu npana i HaM 3a Hami Tpygu gaBana..." (yKpaiH^i: HapogHi BipyBaHHa: 133).
IcHye B yKpaiH^iB noBip'a, ^o He Tpe6a BuTupaTuca pa3oM i3 KuMocb ogHuM pymHuKoM, 6o nocBapumca 3 hum. CaMe ToMy MaTu Monogoi gae Ko^Hiž gpyÄ^i -npegcTaBHuKaM iHmoro pogy - pymHuK aK cuMBon 3rogu Ha MupHe ^uTTa 3 hobumu poguHaMu:
CmaHbme, 6oHpu, Bci b iöhoü cmopoHi, -MapucuHa MamiHKa 6yde dapu dapumu:
EinuipymHUHKU, moBKOBui mopouKU (yKpaiHcbKi nicHi..., 1974: 307). y ^epKBy HapeHeHa 6epe 3 co6oro cBaxy, ^o6 cTenuna pymHuKu nig Horu, i gpy^Ky - TpuMaTu BiHe^b (yKpaiH^i: HapogHi BipyBaHHa, noBip'a, geMoHonoria, 1991: 134), to6to nig Hac BiHHaHHa b ^epKBi Monogi cTaBanu Ha 6inuM BumuTuM pymHuK -cuMBon cBiTnoro, KBiTyHoro ciMeMHoro ^uTTeBoro mnaxy, aKuM bohu nigyTb pa3oM i3 3B'a3aHuMu Ha Bce ^uTTa pyKaMu:
Po3nuücH, ffyHaw, no mupOKiM Kpaw. nnaKana MapuceHbKa, idyuu do mnw6y: TaM Me HaM pyuKU 3B'xMym i BipHoe cnoB^e CKaMym (yKpaiHcbKi nicHi..., 1974: 274). Konu BecinbHuM noi3g npuro^aeTbca, gpy^Ku cniBaroTb: „fla gaBaMTe gapu-3a-gapu!" 3aKiHHuBmu npuro^aHHa, 6aTbKo Monogoi nigHocuTb cBiTunKaM, cBaxaM i 6o-apaM xycTKu, a gpy^KaM i cTapocTaM pymHuKu, Ko^HoMy Ha Tapin^i; ko^hum ^e i3 Hux Kugae Ha TapinKy no rpomeBi, npuMoBnaroHu: „Cnacu6i cBaTy m cBaci, i MonogoM KHaruHi, ^o BoHa paHo BcTaBana m HaM nogapKu npana..." HaginuBmu yHacHuKiB noi3ga gapaMu, 6aTbKo nigHocuTb cbo'm cTapocTaM Te^ pymHuKu Ha Tapin^i... (yKpa-iH^i: HapogHi BipyBaHHa, noBip'a, geMoHonoria, 1991: 142).
TyT pymHuK BuKoHye ^yHK^iro nogapyHKa. npo nogapyHoK M.nonoBuH nume TaK: „nopagoK y cnoB'aHcbKiM MoBi Ha3uBaBca „pag". nocunaroHucb Ha gocnig^eHHa I. Cpe3HeBcbKoro, ^eM ^e aBTop HaBoguTb TaKi 3HaHeHHa cnoBa: po3mamyBaHHH nped-MemiB, xopoBod, ycmaB, npaBuno, po3nopxdMeHHX, cnpaBa. yaBneHHa npo nopagoK
BKnronae i 3HaHeHHfl „co^ia^bHHH nopagoK", 30KpeMa, oÖMiH, npuHOMy eKBiBaneHT-HMM OÖMiH. OflHMM i3 npHKHafliB flaBHbOrO OÖMiHy 6yB pMTyanbHHM pflfl, go HKOrO
BiflHoCMBCfl i mnro6. TyT eKBiBaneHTOM o6MiHy 6yB goroBip Mi^ pogaMM hk ^opMa nopagKy b cycninbCTBi (nonoBMH, 1985 : 48) - CBoepigHMM BigroMiH 3BHHaro yKnagaH-Hfl mnro6y Ha ocHOBi KyniBni-npoga^y: ffaüme Hau pymHUUKU 3 mopoHKauu, A mu daMO copoHKy 3 KBimouKaMu (yKpaiHCbKi nicHi..., 1974: 369).
^iKaBo, ^o M goTenep Ha KMiB^MHi BigoMMM 3BHHaH 3B'fl3yBaTH pyKU Monogux xycTMHKoro nicna BUKyny HapeneHoi: ^o6 HixTo Mi^ hmmm He npoMmoB i He po36HB mnro6 („xycTUHKa Ha ce6e ^e Bi3bMe"). Po3B'fl3yroTb pyKU co6i caMi Monogi, nepeg TUM, HK cigaTU B MamuHy. Tom 3 nogpy^^a, XTo 3a6epe co6i xycTMHy, 6yge ronoBoro B ciM'i. B. 3aBagcbKa b ^bOMy aK^i0Ha^bH0My CMMBoni B6aHae ^poeK^iro noxoBanbHoi o6pflgoBoCTi: nepeg tum, hk ixaTU Ha ^BHHTap, He6i^HHKy 3B'fl3yroTb pyKU, Horu, no-TiM ^i M0Ty3KH 3HiMaroTb i KnagyTb go TpyHU... nepeogaraHHfl - Ba^nMBMM eneMeHT ycix pogMHHMX o6pflgiB. Ogar HapeneHHX Mae 6yTH hobmm, cyKHro HapeneHoi He mo^-Ha noKa3yBaTH HapeneHoMy. y hobmm ogar B6HparoTb Mep^fl, XBoporo nepeogararoTb y HMCTy copoHKy (cTapy BigHocMHM go c^e^ia^bHHX Mic^b). Hmm gopocnimoro CTaBa-na gMTMHa, tum 6inbme ogary 6yno Ha HiM, a nepeBgaraHHH Big6yBanocfl yponucTo, i3 goTpMMaHHHM neBHMX pMTyaniB (3aBagcbKa, 2010: 119-120).
OT^e, KoHTeKCTM ciMeMHMX o6pflgiB nigTBepg^yroTb TaKe CMMBoniHHe 3HaHeH-Hfl TKaHMHM, 3oKpeMa, pymHMKa: 1. npegMeTHUM cmmboh pymHUK o3HaHae gopory Ha nonaTKy ^mtth guTUHU y pogunbHoMy o6pflgi; cninbHy gopory 3 HonoBiKoM y BecinbHoMy o6pflgi; gopory b noToM6iHHfl nicna CMepTi; „y Bcix chob'hh nomupeHe 36nu^eHHfl mnaxy 3i CMepTro," - nucaB 0.noTe6Hfl (1860: 27);
2. HK aK^ioHa^bHUM cumboh ^eM npegMeT o3HaHae: nogaTU pymHUKa - norogu-Tucfl Ha mnro6; noB'fl3yroTb pymHUK hk o6epir i hk 3HaK 3rogu Ha poguHHi CTocyHKU 3 HoBoro ciM'ero; gapyroTb pymHUK hk eKBiBaneHT KonumHboro o6MiHy napy6KaMU m giBHaTaMU Mi^ nneMeHaMu; CTaBaTU Ha pymHUK, noB'fl3yBaTU pyKU MonoguM pym-hukom - BupymaTU pa3oM y ciMeMHe ^utth, He po3nyHaTUcfl y nogpy^HboMy ^UTTi; MaxaTU pymHUKoM - CTenuTU gopory:
Bcmynuna MapuceHbKa Ha mepeM, Maxnyna pymHUKOM Haneped: - 3cmynimecH, öoHpe, 3 ^opo^u, 6o poduHa ide MeHe Bimamu, no nepBOHOMy dapoBamu (yKpaiHCbKi nicHi..., 1974: 393).
PymHUKU-xycTKU m goci e Heo6xigHUMU y noxopoHHiM o6pflgoBocTi: ix gapyroTb HonoBiKaM, HKi Hecnu goMoBUHy, xpecT; pymHUKU BimaroTb Ha xpecT, hkum He-cyTb nonepegy noxopoHHoi ^po^ecii; Ha c^e^ia^bHUx pymHUKax (noacax) onycKa-roTb goMoBUHy b HMy to^o.
OT^e, 3giMCHeHe gocnig^eHHH goBoguTb 6araTo3HaHHy cuMBoniKy TKaHUHU b ^i^oMy i pymHUKa hk o6oB'fl3KoBoro aTpu6yTa Tpbox o6pflgiB ciMeMHoro ^UK^y.
M.CyM^0B po3mupuB 3HaHeHHfl ^bo^o npegMeTa b ^UTTi Hamux npegKiB-3eM-nepo6iB, HKi He TinbKU po3Me^oByBanu cnoKoHBi^Hi noHHTTH go6pa i 3na, ane m BMi-nu 3axu^aTU ce6e Big ycHKoro nuxa: „06pflgoBe B^UBaHHH pymHUKiB 3ycTpiHaeTbCfl, KpiM Becinb, Ha xpecTUHax, noxopoHax, nicna 3aKiHHeHHfl ^hub. y 3axigHiM Pocii gi-eBUM 3aco6oM npoTU cycninbHoro nuxa BBa^aroTb 3BUHaMHe nonoTHo^ y BunagKy MacoBoi 3aru6eni ckotuhu ^e nonoTHo ninnaroTb Ha xpecT, hkum nonoBiKU BCTaHoB-nroroTb Ha TiM gopo3i, HKoro HažnacTime xoguTb CKoTUHa (CyM^0B, 1996: 153-154). TyT, 3po3yMino, nonoTHo hk npoo6pa3 pymHUKa BUKoHye ^yHK^iro o6epera.
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O. I. noTaneHKa, M. K. flMUTpeHKa. - KMiB:MineHiyM. CyM^OB H. 1996. CuMBonuKa cnaBaHcKUx o6pagoB: M36paHHHe TpygH. - M.:
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The Symbolic Meaning of the Word "Cloth" in the Context of Family Rituals
Olga Yakovleva
The vocabulary meaning of the word "cloth" is compared with its symbolical meaning, which this word acquires in traditional texts. The article analyzes sacral function of a fabric, which is represented in family traditions by different objective symbols, i.e. towel, head scarf, table cloth etc.
The research of people's and poetic symbols requires not only knowledge of history, ethnography, national culture, but also imagination, dreaming nature, care and respect for the past and the ancestors.
It is relevant for Ukrainian humanistic science to learn more about traditional culture related to people's outlook and mentality.
Weaving is one of the oldest crafts; works of weaving, especially towels, shawls, table clothes had both every-day and sacral meaning.
In the context of family rituals, these wares acquired deep symbolic meaning. For example, the "rushnyk" towel in the wedding ceremony acts as a verbal, action and objective symbol. The symbolism of the object is also important in the ritual of the funerals and giving birth. The cloth and its wares, as any other symbol, is characterized by polysemy and diversity.