© Acta hydrotechnica 18/28 (2000), Ljubljana
ISSN 1581-0267
89
UDK: 556.18:628.1:771 UDC: 556.18:628.1:771
Strokovni prispevek Professional paper
KAKOVOST POVRŠINSKIH VODA V VODNOGOSPODARSKIH
STROKOVNIH PODLAGAH ZA POTREBE USKLAJEV ANJA
PROSTORSKEGA PLANIRANJA
SURFACE WATER QUALITY IN WATER MANAGEMENT STUDIES AND
PLANS TO BE USED IN THE HARMONIZATION PROCESS IN SPATIAL
DEVELOPMENT
Marta VAHTAR
Boris KOMPARE
Za potrebe usklajevanja prostorskega razvoja so ustrezno zasnovane in predstavljene vsebine
strokovnih podlag najbolj uč inkovit nač in vključ evanja teh vsebin v postopek prostorskega
usklajevanja. Poleg tega so primerno zasnovane vodnogospodarske strokovne podlage za potrebe
prostorskega planiranja lahko uč inkovit nač in uveljavljanja imisijskih meril varstva voda.
Dosedanje strokovne podlage za pripravo prostorskega plana države teh vsebin niso najbolj
ustrezno prikazale. Da bi to vsaj delno zagotovili, pripravljamo nove strokovne podlage za potrebe
prostorskega plana RS, ki bodo predstavljene v dveh plasteh. Prva grafič na plast bo prikazovala
stanje sistema v prostoru, medtem ko bo druga  prikazovala ciljno stanje, to je želeno stanje, skozi
prizmo potrebnih ukrepov za dosego ciljnega stanja. V prispevku je prikazan osnutek prikaza in
vključ itve vsebin kakovosti površinskih voda v pripravo prostorskega plana države
Ključ ne besede: kakovost vode, vodnogospodarstvo, varstvo kakovosti površinskih voda,
prostorsko planiranje.
Properly planned and presented elements of water management studies and plans, to be used in the
harmonization process in spatial planning, are the most efficient way of including these elements
into the procedure of spatial harmonization. At the same time, properly planned water management
studies and plans for the needs of spatial planning can also be an efficient way of introducing the
immission criteria of water safety. Water management studies and plans for the preparation of the
State Spatial Master Plan have, so far, not presented these elements in the most appropriate way. In
order to bridge this situation at least partially, new water management studies and plans are being
prepared to be used for the needs of the State Spatial Master Plan of the Republic of Slovenia. They
will be presented in two layers. The first graphic layer will show the present situation of the system
in the space, while the second graphic layer will show the conditions of use expressed through the
necessary precautions for achieving long-term vision. The paper shows how the elements of surface
water quality are presented and included in the preparation of the State Spatial Master Plan.
Key words: water quality, water management, surface water quality protection, spatial planning
1. PROBLEM
Dostikrat se premalo zavedamo, da so vode
kot pomemben naraven vir, tudi odloč ujoč omejitveni oziroma razvojni dejavnik v
prostoru. Teorija, da je voda naravni vir, je
vključ ena v sisteme razvoja predvsem kot
pojem “vodne količ ine ustrezne kakovosti”.
Teorija, da je voda precej več kot le “količ ina
in dobra kakovost” in da je voda predvsem
1. PROBLEM
We are often not sufficiently aware that
waters are as an important natural resource
also a key restrictive or development factor in
the space. The doctrine that water is a natural
resource is included into the systems of
development firstly as the concept "water
quantities of adequate quality". The doctrine
that water is much more than only "a quantity

Vahtar, M., Kompare, B.: Kakovost površinskih voda v vodnogospodarskih strokovnih podlagah za potrebe usklajevanja prostorskega
planiranja - Surface Water Quality in Water Management Studies and Plans to be Used in the Harmonization Process in Spatial Development
© Acta hydrotechnica 18/28 (2000), 89-106, Ljubljana
90
ekološki dejavnik v spletu različ nih združb
rastlin in živali, se je v svetu uveljavila šele v
zadnjih desetletjih. Tako pri kakovosti
površinske vode ne moremo govoriti več samo
o “za rabo primerni kakovosti,” temveč predvsem o takšni kakovosti vode, ki z vidika
zaščite vodnih in kopenskih ekosistemov
(kamor sodi tudi č lovek) zagotovi trajnostni
razvoj, torej zadostne količine vode,
zadovoljivo kakovost vode ter primerno
morfologijo vodotokov, kar je eno ključ nih
izhodišč, ki jih uokvirja nova evropska
zakonodaja v “Direktivi o okvirni politiki na
področ ju voda Evropske unije (COM(97)61 4
proposed Water Policy Framework Directive -
WFD).“ Torej, ko govorimo o kakovosti vode
v ekološkem kontekstu, moramo upoštevati
tudi količ ino, ki je v neposrednem sorazmerju
s kakovostjo vode, oba pa sta pomembna
razvojna dejavnika predvsem v č asu nizkih
vodostajev. Prav tako moramo upoštevati
morfologijo vodotoka, ki predstavlja enega
ključnih dejavnikov življenjskega prostora
rastlin in živali in tako neposredno vpliva na
samoč istilno sposobnost voda in raznovrstnost
habitatov rastlinskih in živalskih vrst ter
njihovih združb.
V veljavnem prostorskem planu RS (Ur. list
SRS št.1/85, 41/87, 12/89; Ur. list RS št.
36/90, 11/99) je kakovost površinskih voda
grafič no podana na karti V.1 4: »Zasnova
sanacije naravnih virov ter razmestitve
č istilnih naprav«. Na karti so označ ene tri cone
kakovostnega stanja voda (združeni
kakovostni razredi I.-IV., kot jih za svoje
evidence uporablja Hidrometeorološki zavod).
Kot obvezno izhodišč e so označ eni odseki
vodotokov, kjer je predvidena sanacija
onesnaženega vodotoka ter zasnova
razmestitve č istilnih naprav. Kot neobvezno
izhodišč e pa so vrisani še ukrepi v industriji.
Poleg vode karta obravnava tudi zrak in
zasnovo sanacije zraka. Tako zasnovan prikaz
vsebin sicer podaja jasno sliko ukrepov
predvsem za toč kovno polucijo, želeli pa bi si
bolj jasno zvezo med ukrepi, kakovostjo vode,
nač inom onesnaženja ter mestom onesnaženja
in to ne le za toč kovno onesnaževaje, temveč and good quality," and that it is, in the first
place, an ecological factor in the intertwine of
various plant and animal communities, has
gained importance in the world only in the last
few years. Thus surface water quality is no
longer restricted only to the meaning "quality
appropriate for usage", but it is in the first
place a matter of such water quality that, from
the standpoint of protecting water and land
ecosystems (that man is also part of), ensures
sustainable development and thus sufficient
quantity of water, satisfactory water quality
and appropriate morphology of rivers. This is
one of the key starting points set by the new
European legislation in the “COM(97)614
proposed Water Policy Framework Directive -
WFD.“ Thus, when speaking about water
quality in the ecological context, one can no
longer ignore the water quantity, which is in
direct proportion to the water quality, and they
are both important development factors,
especially in the time of low water levels. Nor
can one ignore the morphology of rivers,
which presents one of the key factors of the
living environment for plants and animals. In
this way, it directly influences the self-
purifying ability of waters and the diversity of
habitats of plant and animal species and their
communities.
In the current State Spatial Master Plan of
the Republic of Slovenia (UL SRS No.1/85,
41/87, 12/89; US RS No. 36/90, 11/99) the
quality of surface waters is presented
graphically on map V.14: "The Concept of
Sanitation of Natural Resources and Placement
of Water Purifying Plants". The map shows
three zones of water quality classes (combined
quality classes I-IV, as used by the
Hydrometheorological Institute for its
records). The river sections, where the
sanitation of the polluted river and the plan of
placing water purifying plants are foreseen, are
marked as obligatory tasks. Also the
provisions in the industry are marked, ,but
only as recommendations. Beside water, the
same map also deals with air and the concept
of air sanitation. Even though such a
presentation of contents does give a clear
picture of provisions, especially for the point
pollution, we still desire a clearer connection
between the necessary provisions, water
quality, pollution type and the place of

Vahtar, M., Kompare, B.: Kakovost površinskih voda v vodnogospodarskih strokovnih podlagah za potrebe usklajevanja prostorskega
planiranja - Surface Water Quality in Water Management Studies and Plans to be Used in the Harmonization Process in Spatial Development
© Acta hydrotechnica 18/28 (2000), 89-106, Ljubljana
91
tudi za razpršene vire (disperzno polucijo).
Pri zasnovi vodnogospodarskih strokovnih
podlag za potrebe novega prostorskega plana
RS smo zato izhajali iz temeljnega cilja: to je
pripraviti takšne strokovne podlage, da bodo
kar najbolj uč inkovita strokovna podlaga za
uveljavljanje imisijskih meril varstva voda,
hkrati pa da bodo kar najbolj razvidne in bodo
prikazale zvezo med stopnjo onesnaženosti,
glavnimi onesnaževalci ter obstoječ imi in
predvidenimi ukrepi (Steinman & Vahtar,
1996; Vahtar et al., 1998).
2. CILJI USMERJANJA IN
V AROV ANJA
Slovenija v fazi približevanja EZ mora
prilagoditi svojo zakonodajo zakonodaji EZ.
Del tega procesa je tudi določ itev
evtrofikacijsko obč utljivih con, to je con, ki so
podvržene evtrofikaciji. Na padavinskih
zbirnih območ jih teh con bo morala biti
izvedena III. stopnja č išč enja odpadnih voda,
to je odstranjevanje dušika in fosforja. Del
neuradnega dogovora je, da se kot
evtrofikacijsko občutljivo območje šteje
slovensko obalno morje, vsa naravna jezera in
tista umetna jezera, ki se uporabljajo tudi za
rekreacijo oz. vodopreskrbo. Od vodotokov so
na evtrofikacijo obč utljivi predvsem poč asi
tekoč i in toplejši vodotoki (Krka, Kolpa, Sotla,
Dragonja itd.). Nacionalni program varstva
okolja (MOP-URSVN, 1998) pa na str. 37 kot
evtrofikacijsko občutljiva območja podaja
Kras, alpski svet, Pomurje ter območ ja s
specifičnimi krajinskimi ureditvami in
turistič nim pomenom.
2.1. VODOTOKI IN JEZERA
Po določ ilih zakonodaje EZ, predvsem po
novem okvirnem zakonu o vodah (Water
Framework Directive WFD, ki je še vedno v
postopku sprejemanja, vendar so znani delovni
osnutki), bo treba v relativno kratkem č asu (1 0
do 20 let) zagotoviti ukrepe, da bodo vse
površinske vode “dobre kakovosti”, to je v I.
pollution, not only for point pollution, but also
for diffuse pollution.
Our concept of water management studies
and plans to be used in the new State Spatial
Master Plan is therefore based on the basic
goal: to prepare such studies and plans that
will be as efficient as possible for asserting the
immission criteria of water conservation, and
at the same time easy to understand and clear
in showing the connection between the level of
pollution, the main pollutants and the existing
and foreseen provisions (Steinman & Vahtar,
1996; Vahtar et al., 1998).
2. THE GOALS OF DIRECTION
AND CONSERVATION
As Slovenia approaches the EU, it has to
adapt its legislation to the EU legislation. A
part of this process is also to define the
eutrophication-sensitive zones, which are
zones subjected to eutrophication. At the areas
of precipitation accumulation of these zones
the third level of purification of wastewaters
will have to be built, i.e. the removal of
nitrogen salts and phosphorus. Part of
unofficial agreement is that the Slovenian Sea
is considered a eutrophication-sensitive area,
as well as all natural lakes and those artificial
lakes which are used also for recreation or
water supply. To eutrophication-sensitive
rivers belong especially rivers that are slow
and warmer (Krka, Kolpa, Sotla, Dragonja,
etc.). However, the National Program of
Environmental Protection (MOP-URSVN,
1998) on page 37 defines as eutrophication-
sensitive areas the Karst region, the Alpine
region, Prekmurje and the areas with specific
landscape characteristics and tourist
importance.
2.1. RIVERS AND LAKES
According to the provisions of the EU
legislation, and especially according to the
new Water Framework Directive (WFD),
which is still in the process of adoption
(although the drafts are already known), it will
be necessary in a relatively short time of 10-20
years to adopt such provisions that will ensure
"good quality" of surface waters, i.e. first or

Vahtar, M., Kompare, B.: Kakovost površinskih voda v vodnogospodarskih strokovnih podlagah za potrebe usklajevanja prostorskega
planiranja - Surface Water Quality in Water Management Studies and Plans to be Used in the Harmonization Process in Spatial Development
© Acta hydrotechnica 18/28 (2000), 89-106, Ljubljana
92
ali II. kakovostnem razredu na lestvici od I. –
V. razreda (kot jo uvaja EZ).
Poleg tega WFD, kakor tudi nov slovenski
Zakon o vodah (ZV), ki je v pripravi (trenutno
9. osnutek iz junija 1 998) določ ata površinske
vode deloma kot kopalne vode, t.j. primerne za
kopanje. Definicija je še ohlapna (v obeh
dokumentih), vendar so kopalne vode
nač eloma tiste, kjer se po navadi kopa več je
število ljudi, ali vode, ki so tako ali tako
primerne za kopanje (1 8 ali več 
o
C vsaj 40 dni
v letu), ali pa tam, kjer bi želeli, da se ljudje
(organizirano) kopajo. V Sloveniji bomo torej
morali določ iti kopalne cone in poskrbeti, da
bo voda na teh območ jih primerna za kopanje,
predvsem kar zadeva sanitarno ureditev. Za
zagotovitev ustrezne sanitarne kakovosti
površinskih voda pa bo predvsem treba
poskrbeti za primerno č išč enje in dezinfekcijo
komunalnih in industrijskih voda (toč kovna
polucija), primerno kmetijsko prakso
(disperzna polucija), in ne nazadnje tudi za
primerno vedenje kopalcev (postavitev in
korišč enje urejenih sanitarij).
2.2 MORJE
Vse, kar smo napisali za površinske
vodotoke in jezera, velja tudi za morje. Seveda
morje ne bo kvalificirano kot vir pitne vode v
smislu “dobre kakovosti”, pač pa bo toliko več pozornosti posvečene ohranjanju oz.
izboljšanju obstoječ e raznolikosti avtohtonih
vrst rib in drugih živalskih in rastlinskih vrst,
ki prav tako potrebujejo vodo primerne
kakovosti. Predvsem školjke oz. kar vsi
filtratorji so namreč izredno obč utljivi na
nerazgradljivo nesnago v vodi, ki jo skozi
prehrambeno verigo akumulirajo in množijo v
svojih tkivih (bioakumulacija in
biomagnifikacija). Posebej bo treba upoštevati
evtrofikacijske procese v slovenskem obalnem
morju, Tržaškem zalivu in celotnem severnem
Jadranu ter tako v č im več ji meri vrniti
nekdanjo kakovost.
Č e povzamemo je temeljni cilj usmerjanja
in varovanja, torej želeno ciljno stanje voda na
področ ju kakovosti površinskih voda, doseč i,
second quality class in the scales of class I-V
(as being introduced by the EU).
Further on, the WDF as well as the new
Slovenian Water Act (WA) currently being
prepared (valid at the moment draft 9 from
June 1998) define surface waters partially as
bathing waters, i.e. appropriate for bathing.
The definition is still vague (in both
documents), however bathing waters are in
principle those waters where normally a large
number of people bathes, or those waters that
are appropriate for bathing anyway (18 or
more 
o
C, at least 40 days a year), or those
areas where it is desired that people should
bathe (organised bathing). For this reason, we
will have to define the bathing zones in
Slovenia and ensure that the water in these
areas will be appropriate for bathing,
especially in the sanitary respect. To ensure
the adequate sanitary quality of surface waters,
the sufficient purification and disinfecting of
communal and industrial waters (point
pollution), the appropriate agricultural practice
(diffuse pollution), and last also the
appropriate behaviour of bathers themselves
(placement and usage of sanitary facilities)
will have to be adopted.
2.2 SEA
Everything that was said above regarding
surface rivers and lakes holds true also for the
sea. Naturally, the sea can not be qualified as
the source of drinking water in the sense of
"good quality", but we will have to pay more
attention to preserving or improving the
existing diversity of autochthonous species of
fish and other marine animal and plant species
which also need a certain water quality.
Especially clams and other filtrators can be
extremely sensitive to non-degradable
pollution in the water, because they
accumulate it through their digestive systems
and magnify it in their tissues
(bioaccumulation and biomagnification).
Therefore, it will be necessary to monitor the
eutrophication processes in the Slovenian
coastal sea and in the Gulf of Trieste, and, in a
long run, to restore the good water quality of
the Northern Adriatic.
In short, the long-term objective of surface

Vahtar, M., Kompare, B.: Kakovost površinskih voda v vodnogospodarskih strokovnih podlagah za potrebe usklajevanja prostorskega
planiranja - Surface Water Quality in Water Management Studies and Plans to be Used in the Harmonization Process in Spatial Development
© Acta hydrotechnica 18/28 (2000), 89-106, Ljubljana
93
da bodo vse površinske vode do leta 2010
“dobre kakovosti”. Da bi to dosegli, je treba v
kontekstu prostorskega planiranja zagotoviti:
− varstvo vseh tistih delov vodotokov in
drugih površinskih voda z njihovimi
prispevnimi območ ji, ki so še relativno
neobremenjeni pred potencialnim
onesnaženjem;
− uveljavitev varstvenih režimov oziroma
sanacijskih ukrepov na najbolj
obremenjenih območ jih površinskih voda s
prispevnimi območji, pri čemer je
pomembno, da se uveljavijo sanacijski
ukrepi na vseh evtrofikacijskih območ jih.
3. OSNUTEK VODNEGA SISTEMA
V PROSTORSKEM PLANIRANJU
Vodni sistem je za potrebe prostorskega
planiranja zasnovan tako, da upošteva dvojnost
sistema in iz tega izhajajoč o dvojno vlogo
vodnega gospodarstva (Kompare et al., 1997).
V prvi vlogi gre za varovanje splošnega
javnega interesa, torej za ekosistemski pristop,
ki smo ga imenovali SISTEM OKOLJE. To
vključ uje ohranjanje zdravega vodnega okolja,
izboljšanje kakovosti površinskih in
podzemnih voda, ohranjanje in poveč evanje
samočistilne sposobnosti vode ter več jo
biotsko raznovrstnost. Z drugimi besedami to
pomeni, da vprašanje varovanja vode in
vodnega okolja narekuje posameznim
uporabnikom prostora, da pogojujejo in
omejujejo njihovo rabo ali pa določ eno vrsto
rabe celo izloč ijo iz za to obč utljivega
prostora.
V drugi vlogi je vodno gospodarstvo
predvsem v službi drugih sektorjev ali
porabnikov vode. Gre za antropocentrič ni
pristop, ki smo ga poimenovali SISTEM
RABA, kjer vodno gospodarstvo skuša
zadovoljiti č lovekove potrebe po zadostnih
količ inah, ustrezni kakovosti in drugih odlikah
vode (npr. lega, potencial, glej. Kompare et al.,
1997), vendar glede na trajnostni razvoj
(sustainable development).
water quality, is to achieve that all surface
waters will be of "good quality" by the year
2010. To achieve this, the following will have
to be ensured in the context of spatial
planning:
− protection from potential pollution of all
those parts of rivers and other surface
waters with their attributive areas which are
still relatively clean;
− introduction of safety regimes or sanitation
provisions to the most burdened areas of
surface waters with their attributive areas,
as well as introducing of sanitation
provisions in all eutrophication areas.
3. CONCEPT OF WATER SYSTEM
IN SPATIAL PLANING
Water system is for the needs of spatial
planning designed in such a way that it
considers the double nature of the system and
the resulting double role of water management
(Kompare et al., 1997).
The first role is the protection of general
public interest, i.e. the ecosystem approach
that we call SYSTEM-ENVIRONMENT. It
includes the conservation of healthy aquatic
environment, improvement of surface and
underground water quality, conservation and
improvement of the self-purifying ability of
waters and larger biotic diversity. In other
words, because of water protection and aquatic
environment protection it is sometimes
necessary to condition and limit the specific
use of space or water, and sometimes even to
eliminate certain types of use from the areas
sensitive to this use.
In its second role water management is
above all in the service of other sectors or
users of water. This is an anthropocentric
approach that we call SYSTEM-USE, where
water management is trying to satisfy the
needs of man for certain quantities,
appropriate quality and other distinctive
features of water (such as its position,
potential, see Kompare et al., 1997), but in the
sense of sustainable development.

Vahtar, M., Kompare, B.: Kakovost površinskih voda v vodnogospodarskih strokovnih podlagah za potrebe usklajevanja prostorskega
planiranja - Surface Water Quality in Water Management Studies and Plans to be Used in the Harmonization Process in Spatial Development
© Acta hydrotechnica 18/28 (2000), 89-106, Ljubljana
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4. OSNUTEK V ARSTV A
POVRŠINSKIH VODA
4.1. UKREPI ZA DOSEGO CILJNEGA
STANJA
4.1.1. VODOTOKI IN JEZERA
Lokalne skupnosti in drugi industrijski
onesnaževalci so že zaradi emisijskih
predpisov obvezani č istiti odpadne vode pred
izlivom v okolje oz. v vodotok. Država pa bi
morala z uporabo imisijskega nač ela
stimulirati in pospeševati reševanje najbolj
nujnih primerov celotnega povodja, oz. takih,
ki jih emisijsko načelo neustrezno oz.
nezadostno pokrije – tipičen primer je
kopič enje industrije na malem vodotoku, kjer
vsi sicer čistijo odplake do predpisane
emisijske stopnje, a je zaradi preobremenitve
vodotok še vedno slabe kakovosti. Imisijski
princip oz. okoljski princip (ambient quality)
je uveden tudi v WFD in v predlog našega ZV.
V zakonodaji EZ uveljavljen princip PPP
(Pollutor Pays Principle = Prnicip
onesnaževalec plač a), ki se je tudi pri nas zač el
uveljavljati z Uredbami o taksah na
onesnaženje (od leta 1 996) v veliki meri
odpravlja omenjeno težavo.
Po obstoječi direktivi EZ o č išč enju
komunalnih voda (Urban Waste Water
Treatment Directive, UWWTD) morajo vse
države č lanice do leta 2005 (oz. z mogoč o
rahlo zakasnitvijo, č e ekonomska rač unica
tako pokaže) izgraditi “primerno” kanalizacijo
in zagotoviti “primerno” č išč enje komunalnih
in njim pripadajoč ih industrijskih voda. Tu
pojem “primerno” pomeni izgradnjo
kanalizacije v vseh naseljih z več kot 2 000
prebivalci, vsaj II. stopnjo č išč enja, oz. III.
stopnjo č išč enja, č e gre za evtrofikacijsko
obč utljivo območ je. Slovenija se bo morala tej
zakonodaji podrediti – ustrezne priprave z
izrač uni stroškov in opredelitvijo potrebnih
virov in dinamike sredstev ravnokar potekajo
na MOP-u. Tako bomo v Sloveniji ob
spoštovanju UWWTD do neke mere
selektivno sanirali obstoječ e č istilne naprave,
4. CONCEPT OF SURFACE
WATER PROTECTION
4.1. MEASURES TO ACHIEVE THE
LONG-TERM VISION
4.1.1. RIVERS AND LAKES
The emission regulations demand of local
communities and other industrial pollutants to
clean wastewaters before they enter the
environment or a river. The state should
stimulate and encourage the solution of the
most urgent cases of the whole river basin or
such areas that are not sufficiently or
inadequately protected by the emission
principle. A typical example is the
accumulation of industry on a small river,
where all pollutants actually purify their
wastewaters to the prescribed emission level,
but the water is still of poor quality due to the
overburdening of the river. The immission
principle or the ambient quality principle has
been introduced also to WFD and to the
proposal of our WA. In the EU legislation the
Pollutor Pays Principle (PPP) has already been
introduced. The Regulations on Pollution
Taxation (since 1996) have introduced this
principle also in Slovenia and they rectify this
problem to a large extent.
According to the existing EU Urban Waste
Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD) all EU
member countries have to build an
"appropriate" sewage system and ensure
"appropriate" purification of communal and
related industrial waters by the year 2005 (or
with a short delay because of the economic
reasons). Here, the term "appropriate" denotes
the construction of sewage systems in all
settlements with more than 2,000 inhabitants,
minimum purification level II, or III if it is a
eutrophication-sensitive area. Slovenia will
have to subject to this legislation - adequate
preparations with the calculations of costs and
the definition of the necessary resources with
the dynamics of funds are currently going on
at the Ministry for Environment and Space. In
this way Slovenia will, respecting UWWTD,
renovate the existing purifying plants to a
certain extend and, in the same time, build

Vahtar, M., Kompare, B.: Kakovost površinskih voda v vodnogospodarskih strokovnih podlagah za potrebe usklajevanja prostorskega
planiranja - Surface Water Quality in Water Management Studies and Plans to be Used in the Harmonization Process in Spatial Development
© Acta hydrotechnica 18/28 (2000), 89-106, Ljubljana
95
hkrati zgradili dodatne č istilne naprave, oboje
pa dopolnili ali začasno nadomestili z
alternativnimi metodami č išč enja. Disperzno
polucijo s površinskim odtokom s kmetijskih
površin bo mogoč e zmanjšati tudi z uvajanjem
rastlinskih zaščitnih pasov, močvirij in
rastlinskih č istilnih naprav (RČ N), predvsem
pa z uvajanjem režimov ustrezne rabe prostora
(dobra kmetijska praksa Best Agricultural
Practice, BAP).
Č istilne naprave (Č N), posebno pa
rastlinski sistemi č iščenja odpadnih voda
(RČ N), so veliki porabniki prostora. Za
zagotovitev površin, potrebnih za izgradnjo in
razvoj takšnih sistemov, ki bodo v prihodnosti
vse bolj aktualni, je v obč inskem prostorskem
planu nujno potrebno zagotoviti ustrezne
površine kot rezervate za razvoj č istilnih
sistemov, pa tudi površine za dispozicijo blata.
Hkrati bo v prihodnje potrebno selektivno
zagotoviti nač ine pospeševanja graditve in
optimalnega pogona čistilnih sistemov z
različ nimi ekonomskimi prijemi. Predvsem pa
je pomembno zagotoviti primerno ozrač je za
dobro kmetijsko prakso z vsemi ukrepi za
zmanjševanje disperzne polucije (vključ no z
graditvijo puferskih pasov, moč virij itd.).
Za območje kopalnih voda morajo
gorvodne Č N vsaj v kopalni sezoni
dezinficirati svoje iztoke. V kmetijstvu so tudi
potrebni poostreni ukrepi, ki jih bo mogoč e
doseč i le s svetovalno službo in zavedno
uporabo dobre kmetijske prakse.
Če povzamemo, varstvo kakovosti
površinskih voda najuč inkoviteje zagotovimo:
− z vgraditvijo politike varstva kakovosti
površinskih voda v PP RS;
− z graditvijo č istilnih naprav, za katere je z
občinskim prostorskim planom treba
zagotoviti ustrezne površine za same
čistilne naprave in dispozicijo blata;
(priključ enost na č istilne naprave za vsa
mesta z več kot 2 000 prebivalci (zahteva
WFD) je kot obvezno izhodišč e opredeljeno
že v PP RS)
− z novimi tehnološkimi rešitvami in
ekonomskimi prijemi za spodbujanje teh
rešitev;
additional purifying plants. They will also be
supplemented or temporarily replaced by
alternative purifying methods. The diffuse
pollution with surface outflow from
agricultural surfaces can be reduced also by
introducing protective vegetation buffer zones,
swamps and vegetation purifying plants
(VPP), and especially by introducing regimes
of adequate spatial use (Best Agricultural
Practice, BAP).
Purifying plants (PP), and especially the
vegetation systems of purifying wastewaters
(VPP) are large consumers of space. To ensure
surfaces necessary for the construction and
development of such systems, which will be
increasingly important in the future, it is
indispensable to ensure adequate surfaces in
the local spatial plans, which would serve as
reservations for the development of purifying
systems and also as surfaces for the mud
depositing. In the future, it will also be
necessary to plan selectively the ways of
accelerating the construction and optimal
functioning of purifying systems by taking
different economic measures. It is especially
important to ensure adequate climate for best
agricultural practice with all the measures to
reduce diffuse pollution (including the
construction of buffer zones, swamps, etc.).
For the areas of bathing waters the
upstream PP need to disinfect their outflows at
least in the bathing season. Agriculture too
needs more rigid measures that can be
achieved only with an advisory service and
conscious use of best agricultural practice.
In short, the protection of surface water
quality can be ensured in the most efficient
way by:
− introducing the policy of surface water
quality in SSMP;
− constructing purifying plants, for which
local spatial plans have to ensure adequate
space for purifying plants and for mud
depositing; (the regulation of WFD that all
towns with more than 2,000 inhabitants are
to be connected to purifying plants is
defined as obligatory base already in the
SSMP);
− new technological solutions and
economic measures for the stimulation of

Vahtar, M., Kompare, B.: Kakovost površinskih voda v vodnogospodarskih strokovnih podlagah za potrebe usklajevanja prostorskega
planiranja - Surface Water Quality in Water Management Studies and Plans to be Used in the Harmonization Process in Spatial Development
© Acta hydrotechnica 18/28 (2000), 89-106, Ljubljana
96
− z učinkovito predhodno analizo o
možnem č išč enju industrijskih odplak,
kar bi morali uveljavljati v postopku
pridobitve lokacijskega, gradbenega in
uporabnega dovoljenja pri novogradnjah
ter inšpekcijske službe z odvzemom
uporabnega/obratovalnega dovoljenja pri
neustreznih rešitvah oz. neprimernem,
neustreznem obratovanju;
− z zaščito pred disperznim
onesnaževanjem itd.
4.1.2. MORJE
Za zmanjšanje evtrofikacije je treba
obvladati stanje na prispevnem območ ju, to je
zmanjšati toč kovno in disperzno polucijo, ter
zagotoviti primerne režime odtoka površinskih
voda (velika erozija ob nalivih!). Za
zmanjšanje toč kovne polucije bo tako, kot smo
to napisali za vodotoke in jezera, tudi za morje
treba zgraditi dodatne č istilne naprave v
celotnem povodju in poskrbeti za sanacijo
kanalizacijskega omrežja. Za to je treba:
− politiko varstva kakovosti morja vgraditi
v PP RS;
− z obč inskim prostorskim planom rezervirati
površine za izgradnjo dodatnih č istilnih
naprav;
− s postopkom pridobivanja lokacijskih,
gradbenih in uporabnih dovoljenj ter z
delovanjem inšpekcijskih služb
zagotavljati izvajanje predvidenih
potrebnih ukrepov oz. sanacije.
− predvideti sredstva za sanacijo
kanalizacijskega sistema z ustreznimi
finanč nimi ukrepi;
− povezovanje s sosednjimi državami mora
dolgoroč no imeti za cilj tudi zmanjšani
vpliv z morja;
− ojač ati monitoring;
− zmanjšanje porabe vode;
− vnovič na uporaba vode.
these solutions;
− efficient advanced analysis of the possible
purification of industrial wastes, which
should be introduced in the process of
acquiring the site, building and
application permits when starting new
constructions, and authorized inspectors
should withdraw the application permit in
cases of inadequate solutions or
inappropriate operation;
− protection against diffuse pollution etc.
4.1.2. SEA
In order to reduce eutrophication, the
situation at the attributive area has to be
controlled, which means that the point and
diffuse pollution are to be reduced and the
appropriate outflow regimes of surface waters
are to be ensured (large erosion at heavy
rains!). To reduce the point pollution in the
sea, just as in rivers and lakes, new purifying
plants will have to be built in the whole coastal
region and the sewage network will have to be
renovated. For this purpose the following is
necessary:
− the policy of sea quality protection is to be
incorporated into SSMP;
− local spatial plans should reserve space for
the construction of additional purifying
plants;
− with the procedure of acquiring site,
building and application permits and with
proper inspection the execution of the
foreseen necessary measures and
provisions or renovations will have to be
ensured;
− ensuring funds for the renovation of
sewage systems with adequate financial
measures;
− connection with the neighbouring countries
has to be based on the long-term vision of
reducing the impacts from the sea;
− strengthening the monitoring;
− reduction of water consumption (water
recycling).

Vahtar, M., Kompare, B.: Kakovost površinskih voda v vodnogospodarskih strokovnih podlagah za potrebe usklajevanja prostorskega
planiranja - Surface Water Quality in Water Management Studies and Plans to be Used in the Harmonization Process in Spatial Development
© Acta hydrotechnica 18/28 (2000), 89-106, Ljubljana
97
4.2. METODOLOGIJA IZDELAVE
KARTOGRAFSKEGA MATERIALA
S kartografskim prikazom vsebin želimo
kar najbolj uč inkovito prikazati zvezo med
stopnjo onesnaženja, glavnimi onesnaževalci
ter obstoječ imi in predvidenimi ukrepi za
izboljšanje stanja (slika 1, preglednica 1). Zato
smo karte prikazali v dveh vsebinskih plasteh:
karte stanja s podrobnim opisom vseh
dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na kakovost
površinskih voda in karte ukrepov, kjer je
skozi prizmo ukrepov prikazano želeno stanje,
to je stanje, kot ga določ ajo politika varstva
voda, mednarodni sporazumi in podobno.
Za prikaz kakovostnega stanja vodotokov smo
izbrali uveljavljen nač in z barvami, kot je bil
prikazan v starem prostorskem planu (Ur.l.
SRS 1/85) in kot ga uporablja
Hidrometeorološki zavod (kakovostni razredi:
modra = I. razred, zelena = II. razred, rumena
= III. razred, rdeč a = IV. razred), saj podatkov
o kakovosti vode, opredeljene s petimi razredi
(kot jo uvaja EZ) še ni na voljo. Nadalje smo
kot pomemben podatek upoštevali
obremenjenost vodotokov s toč kovnim in z
razpršenim onesnaženjem. Glavne izvore
toč kovnega onesnaženja smo ponazorili s
pravokotnim krožnim segmentom, kjer vrh
segmenta kaže na mesto vzorč evanja oziroma
na izpust odpadne vode, sam segment pa je
razdeljen na podsegmente, ki kažejo na vrsto
onesnaženja in delež č išč enja (slika 2a).
Razpršeno onesnaževanje smo prikazali kot
onesnaževanje zaradi urbanizacije in
intenzivne kmetijske proizvodnje (slika 2b).
Poleg tega smo prikazali še območ ja, ki so
urejena s kanalizacijo, lokacije obstoječ ih Č N
(zmogljivost in obremenjenost) ter označ ili
lokacije obstoječ ih komunalnih odlagališč .
Pri potrebnih ukrepih (preglednica 1, slika
3) smo se osredotoč ili na ciljno “dobro
kakovost” voda in identificirali tista območ ja,
ki potrebujejo č istilne naprave za odpravo
toč kovnega onesnaženja oz. širše kmetijske,
gradbene, gozdarske, hidrotehnič ne in druge
ukrepe za odpravo razpršenega onesnaženja.
4.2. METHODOLOGY OF
ELABORATING CARTOGRAPHIC
MATERIAL
The cartographic presentation aims to
present the connection between the level of
pollution, main pollutants and the existing and
foreseen measures and provisions to improve
the situation as efficiently as possible (Figure
1, Table 1). For this reason maps are presented
in two layers: situation maps with a detailed
description of all factors which influence the
quality of surface waters, and maps of
provisions (warning maps), where the long-
term vision, i.e. the situation as defined by the
policy of water protection, international
agreements and similar, is presented through a
prism of necessary provisions.
For the presentation of the quality of rivers
we chose the familiar colour system, as used
by the Hydrometeorological Institute (quality
classes: blue = class I, green = class II, yellow
= class III, red = class IV), as the data on water
quality using five classes (introduced by the
EU) are not yet available. Further on, we
considered the burden of rivers with point and
diffuse pollution as an important information.
The main sources of point pollution are
marked by rectangular circular segment, where
the top of the segment shows the sampling
point, i.e. outflow of wastewater, and the
segment itself is divided into sub-segments
which show the type of pollution and the share
of purification (Figure 2a). Diffuse pollution is
shown as the pollution due to the urbanisation
and intensive agricultural production (Figure
2b). Additionally also the areas with arranged
sewage systems and locations of the existing
PP (capacity and burdening) are shown, and
the locations of the existing dumping grounds
are marked.
As far as the necessary provisions are
concerned (Table 1, Figure 3) our focus was
on the objective of "good quality" of waters.
We identified all those areas where purifying
plants are needed to eliminate the point
pollution, or wider agricultural, constructional,
forestry, hydrotechnical and other measures to
eliminate the diffuse pollution.

Vahtar, M., Kompare, B.: Kakovost površinskih voda v vodnogospodarskih strokovnih podlagah za potrebe usklajevanja prostorskega
planiranja - Surface Water Quality in Water Management Studies and Plans to be Used in the Harmonization Process in Spatial Development
© Acta hydrotechnica 18/28 (2000), 89-106, Ljubljana
Slika 1. Metodologija izdelave kartografskega gradiva.
različ ne karte
zbirke
podatkov
(atributivni
podatki)
ekspertno
znanje
strokovnjakov
na terenu
…
STOPNJA ONESNAŽENJA:
- Kakovost površinskih vodotokov
- Č istilne naprave (kapaciteta, uč inek
č išč enja…)
GLAVNI ONESNAŽEVALCI:
- Toč kovni onesnaževalci
- Območ ja disperzne polucije
REINTERPRETACIJA
OBSTOJEČ IH
PODATKOV IN
KARTOGRAFSKEGA
MATERILALA
ZDRUŽITEV V
OPOZORILNO KARTO
POTREBNIH UKREPOV
OPOZORILNA KARTA
VARSTVA KAKOVOSTI
POVRŠINSKIH VODA
V SLOVENIJI
M = 1 : 250.000
(opozorilni nač rt)
KRITERIJI ZA
RAZMEJITEV V
VARSTVENA
OBMOČ JA
ZNAČ ILNOSTI
PROSTORA
STANJE DANES – opis stanja:
KARTE STANJA M – 1:250.000)
ŽELJENO STANJE – pogoji rabe:
(politika, mednarodni sporazumi....)
Strokovne podlage za
izdajo
DOVOLJENJ in POGOJEV
RABE prostora
(Režimi varovanja: SPLOŠNI in
UKREPI za posam. sektorje)
natanč na metoda prostorske
opredelitve posam.
varstvenega območ ja z vsemi
kriteriji določ anja območ ja
definicija željenega stanja
definicije varstvenih območ ij z
opisom njihovih znač ilnosti
Slika 1. Metodologija izdelave kartografskega gradiva.
različ ne karte
zbirke
podatkov
(atributivni
podatki)
ekspertno
znanje
strokovnjakov
na terenu
…
STOPNJA ONESNAŽENJA:
- Kakovost površinskih vodotokov
- Č istilne naprave (kapaciteta, uč inek
č išč enja…)
GLAVNI ONESNAŽEVALCI:
- Toč kovni onesnaževalci
- Območ ja disperzne polucije
REINTERPRETACIJA
OBSTOJEČ IH
PODATKOV IN
KARTOGRAFSKEGA
MATERILALA
ZDRUŽITEV V
OPOZORILNO KARTO
POTREBNIH UKREPOV
OPOZORILNA KARTA
VARSTVA KAKOVOSTI
POVRŠINSKIH VODA
V SLOVENIJI
M = 1 : 250.000
(opozorilni nač rt)
KRITERIJI ZA
RAZMEJITEV V
VARSTVENA
OBMOČ JA
ZNAČ ILNOSTI
PROSTORA
STANJE DANES – opis stanja:
KARTE STANJA M – 1:250.000)
ŽELJENO STANJE – pogoji rabe:
(politika, mednarodni sporazumi....)
Strokovne podlage za
izdajo
DOVOLJENJ in POGOJEV
RABE prostora
(Režimi varovanja: SPLOŠNI in
UKREPI za posam. sektorje)
natanč na metoda prostorske
opredelitve posam.
varstvenega območ ja z vsemi
kriteriji določ anja območ ja
definicija željenega stanja
definicije varstvenih območ ij z
opisom njihovih znač ilnosti
98
Slika 1. Metodologija izdelave kartografskega gradiva.
različ ne karte
zbirke
podatkov
(atributivni
podatki)
ekspertno
znanje
strokovnjakov
na terenu
…
STOPNJA ONESNAŽENJA:
- Kakovost površinskih vodotokov
- Č istilne naprave (kapaciteta, uč inek
č išč enja…)
GLAVNI ONESNAŽEVALCI:
- Toč kovni onesnaževalci
- Območ ja disperzne polucije
REINTERPRETACIJA
OBSTOJEČ IH
PODATKOV IN
KARTOGRAFSKEGA
MATERILALA
ZDRUŽITEV V
OPOZORILNO KARTO
POTREBNIH UKREPOV
OPOZORILNA KARTA
VARSTVA KAKOVOSTI
POVRŠINSKIH VODA
V SLOVENIJI
M = 1 : 250.000
(opozorilni nač rt)
KRITERIJI ZA
RAZMEJITEV V
VARSTVENA
OBMOČ JA
ZNAČ ILNOSTI
PROSTORA
STANJE DANES – opis stanja:
KARTE STANJA M – 1:250.000)
ŽELJENO STANJE – pogoji rabe:
(politika, mednarodni sporazumi....)
Strokovne podlage za
izdajo
DOVOLJENJ in POGOJEV
RABE prostora
(Režimi varovanja: SPLOŠNI in
UKREPI za posam. sektorje)
natanč na metoda prostorske
opredelitve posam.
varstvenega območ ja z vsemi
kriteriji določ anja območ ja
definicija željenega stanja
Slika 1. Metodologija izdelave kartografskega gradiva.
različ ne karte
zbirke
podatkov
(atributivni
podatki)
ekspertno
znanje
strokovnjakov
na terenu
…
STOPNJA ONESNAŽENJA:
- Kakovost površinskih vodotokov
- Č istilne naprave (kapaciteta, uč inek
č išč enja…)
GLAVNI ONESNAŽEVALCI:
- Toč kovni onesnaževalci
- Območ ja disperzne polucije
REINTERPRETACIJA
OBSTOJEČ IH
PODATKOV IN
KARTOGRAFSKEGA
MATERILALA
ZDRUŽITEV V
OPOZORILNO KARTO
POTREBNIH UKREPOV
OPOZORILNA KARTA
VARSTVA KAKOVOSTI
POVRŠINSKIH VODA
V SLOVENIJI
M = 1 : 250.000
(opozorilni nač rt)
KRITERIJI ZA
RAZMEJITEV V
VARSTVENA
OBMOČ JA
ZNAČ ILNOSTI
PROSTORA
STANJE DANES – opis stanja:
KARTE STANJA M – 1:250.000)
ŽELJENO STANJE – pogoji rabe:
(politika, mednarodni sporazumi....)
Strokovne podlage za
izdajo
DOVOLJENJ in POGOJEV
RABE prostora
(Režimi varovanja: SPLOŠNI in
UKREPI za posam. sektorje)
natanč na metoda prostorske
opredelitve posam.
varstvenega območ ja z vsemi
kriteriji določ anja območ ja
definicija željenega stanja
definicije varstvenih območ ij z
opisom njihovih znač ilnosti
definicije varstvenih območ ij z
opisom njihovih znač ilnosti

Vahtar, M., Kompare, B.: Kakovost površinskih voda v vodnogospodarskih strokovnih podlagah za potrebe usklajevanja prostorskega
planiranja - Surface Water Quality in Water Management Studies and Plans to be Used in the Harmonization Process in Spatial Development
© Acta hydrotechnica 18/28 (2000), 89-106, Ljubljana
99
Figure 1. Methodology of elaborating cartographic material.
different maps
collections of
data
(attributive
data)
expert
knowledge of
experts in the
field
…
LEVEL OF POLLUTION:
- Surface water quality
- Purifying plants (capacity, effect of
purification…)
MAIN POLLUTANTS:
- Point pollutants
- Areas of diffuse pollution
REINTERPRETATION
OF THE EXISTING
DATA AND
CHARTOGRAPHIC
MATERIAL
COMBINATION INTO
WARNING MAP OF THE
NECESSARY MEASURES
AND PROVISIONS
WARNING MAP
PROTECTION OF
SURFACE WATER
QUALITY
IN SLOVENIA
S = 1 : 250.000
(warning map)
CRITERIA FOR
THE
CLASSIFICATION
INTO
CONSERVATION
AREAS
CHARACTER-
ISTICS OF THE
SPACE
PRESENT SITUATION – description of the
situation:
SITUATION MAPS: S -1:250.000)
LONG-TERM VISION - conditions of
use (policy, international agreements…)
Studies and plans for
issuing
PERMINTS and CONDITIONS
OF USING space
(Regimes of protection: GENERAL
and PROVISIONS for various
detailed method of spatial definition
of individual conservation areas
with all criteria of spatial definition
definition of the long-term vision
definitions of conservation areas with
the description of their characteristics

Vahtar, M., Kompare, B.: Kakovost površinskih voda v vodnogospodarskih strokovnih podlagah za potrebe usklajevanja prostorskega
planiranja - Surface Water Quality in Water Management Studies and Plans to be Used in the Harmonization Process in Spatial Development
© Acta hydrotechnica 18/28 (2000), 89-106, Ljubljana
100
Preglednica 1 .  Tabelarič en prikaz grafič no prikazanih vodno gospodarskih vsebin za potrebe PPRS: KAKOVOST POVRŠINSKIH VODA
OPOZORILNE IN
USMERJEVALNE
KARTE
M - 1 : 250.000
CILJ USMERJANJA /
VAROVANJA
KARTA 1 : OPIS OBSTOJEČ EGA STANJA
vsebina karte razdeljena v kategorije (z razlago)
KARTA 2: EVTROFIKACIJSKA OBMOČ JA, UKREPI IN
OMEJITVE
vsebina karte razdeljena v kategorije (z razlago)
KAKOVOST
POVRŠINSKIH
VODA:
(sistem okolje)
CILJ:
Vse vode v II.
Kakovostnem
razredu do leta
2010 oz. nekoliko
kasneje glede na
ekonomsko moč • Varstvo delov vodotokov
in drugih površinskih
voda, ki so še relativno
č isti in neobremenjeni
• Izloč itev najbolj
obremenjenih območ ij
površinskih voda (ki so
potrebni sanacije)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KARTA 1 A: KAKOVOST VODA IN TOČ KOVNO
ONESNAŽENJE – STANJE
• kakovostni razredi voda: I., I.-II., II., II.-III., III.,
III.-IV., IV. razred
• komunalne deponije
• glavni izvori odpadnih voda:
• skupna bilanca (velikost krožnega izseka je
premosorazmerno s količ ino: 1 cm
2
=10.10
3
E
• vrsta onesnaženja (%): industrijsko in komunalno
• delež č išč enja
KARTA 1 B: ODVOD IN Č IŠČ ENJE ODPADNE
VODE TER DISPERZNA POLUCIJA – STANJE (IN
UKREPI)
• kakovostni razredi voda: I., I.-II., II., II.-III., III.,
III.-IV., IV. razred
• območ ja disperzne polucije iz kmetijskih površin
• urbana območ ja pretežno urejena s kanalizacijo
• območ ja disperzne polucije iz urbaniziranih
površin:
• več ja gostota poselitve
• srednja gostota poselitve
• manjša gostota poselitve
• obstoječ e komunalne č istilne naprave
• kapaciteta (velikost toč ke je premosorazmerna s
kapaciteto)
• obremenjenost
• evtrofikacijska območ ja (iz NPVO in mejni vodotoki)
• prispevna območ ja za evtrofikacijo
• odseki vodotokov s prioriteto izvajanja sanacijskih ukrepov
(degradirana območ ja: 3.-4. in 4. Kakovostni razred )
• odseki vodotokov s prioriteto izvajanja zašč itnih ukrepov: to
so območ ja posebnih vrednost, kjer so površinske vode še
relativno neobremenjene (1. in 1.-2. Kakovostni razred)
• rezervacije prostora za nove č istilne naprave (usklajeno z
direktivo EU): obstoječ e stanje in potrebna dogradnja ali
novogradnja
• kopalne vode (nartavna kopališč a)

Vahtar, M., Kompare, B.: Kakovost površinskih voda v vodnogospodarskih strokovnih podlagah za potrebe usklajevanja prostorskega
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© Acta hydrotechnica 18/28 (2000), 89-106, Ljubljana
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Table 1. Table display of graphically presented water management plans and studies for SSMP: QUALITY OF SURFACE WATERS.
WARNING AND
DIRECTION
MAPS
M - 1 : 250.000
GOAL OF DIRECTION/
PROTECTION
MAP 1: DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENT
SITUATION
elements of the map are divided into categories
(with explanation)
MAP 2: EUTROPHICATION AREAS, MEASURES AND
LIMITATIONS
elements of the map are divided into categories (with
explanation)
SURFACE
WATER
QUALITY:
(system –
environment)
GOAL:
All waters in
quality class II by
the end of 2010 or
slightly later
considering the
economic ability
• Protection of parts of
rivers and other surface
waters which are still
relatively clean and
unburdened
• Extraction of the most
burdened areas of surface
waters (which need
sanitation)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MAP 1A: WATER QUALITY AND POINT
POLLUTION – SITUATION
• water quality classes: class I-II, II, II-III, III,  III-
IV, IV
• dumping grounds
• main sources of wastewaters
• total balance (size of sector is proportional to the
quantity: 1cm
2
=10.10
3
E)
• pollution type (%): industrial and communal
• purification share
MAP 1B: WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND
DIFFUSE POLLUTION – SITUATION (AND
MEASURES)
• water quality classes: class I, I-II, II, II-III, III,  III-
IV, IV
• areas of diffuse pollution from agricultural surfaces
• urbanised areas mainly with sewage systems
• areas of diffuse pollution from urbanised surfaces
• large settlement density
• medium settlement density
• small settlement density
• existing communal purifying plants
• capacity (size of point is proportional to the
capacity)
• burden
• eutrophication areas (from NPWS and bordering rivers)
• attributive areas for eutrophication
• river sections with the priority of sanitation measures
(degraded areas: quality class 3-4 and 4)
• river sections with the priority of protective measures:
these are areas of special values, where surface waters are still
relatively unburdened (quality class 1 and 1-2)
• reservation of space for new purifying plants (harmonized
with the EU directive): current situation and the necessary
additional construction or new construction
• bathing waters (natural baths)

Vahtar, M., Kompare, B.: Kakovost površinskih voda v vodnogospodarskih strokovnih podlagah za potrebe usklajevanja prostorskega
planiranja - Surface Water Quality in Water Management Studies and Plans to be Used in the Harmonization Process in Spatial Development
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Slika 2a.  Prikaz stanja kakovosti površinskih voda in toč kovnega onesnaženja.
Figure 2a.  Status of surface water quality and point-sources pollution.
Ocena kakovosti površinskih vodotokov po razredih HMZ (1989-1995) /
4  
3-4 
3 
2-3 
2 
1-2 
1 
Število E ind. priključ enih na kanalizacijo /
PE ind. sewered
Ostanek E ind. po č išč enju na KČ N /
Skupno število enot onesnaženja industrija in prebivalstvo /
PE inh. sewered
Število enot industrije /
Število E prebivalstva priključ enih na kanalizacijo /
Število enot prebivalstva /
Pretok / Flow (vir / source: HMZ)
Onesnaženje iz urbaniziranih območ ij (vir: MOP, FGG-IZH) /
iztok v vode
greznice
Load of PE ind. after WWTP
Ostanek E prebivalstva po č išč enju na KČ N /
Load of PE inh. after WWTP
oč išč eno
oč išč eno
> 200
100
50
20 10
5
2
1 < 1
(1cm2 krožnega izseka = 10.000 Eind+kom) /
[m3/s]
L E G E N D A / L E G E N D:
Industrijska odlagališč a / Industrial landfill
Komunalna odlagališč a / Municipal landfill
22 
36 
Surface water quality class assessment (1989-1995)
PE total = PE ind. + PE inh.
Pollution from urbanized areas (source: MOP, FGG-IZH)
(1cm2 of the sequent = 10.000 PE (ind.+mun.))
Industry
Municipalities
Load of PE in industry
Load of PE inh.

Vahtar, M., Kompare, B.: Kakovost površinskih voda v vodnogospodarskih strokovnih podlagah za potrebe usklajevanja prostorskega
planiranja - Surface Water Quality in Water Management Studies and Plans to be Used in the Harmonization Process in Spatial Development
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Slika 2b.  Prikaz stanja odvoda in č išč enja odpadne vode ter disperzne polucije.
Figure 2b.  Status of  sewerage extent, wastte water treatment and dispersed pollution.
I
II
III
mehansko / mechanical
biološko / biological
odstranjevanje N,P / removal of N, P
Območ je s pretežno urejeno kanalizacijo (vir: FGG-IZH) /
L E G E N D A / L E G E N D :
Ocena kakovosti površinskih vodotokov po razredih HMZ (1989-1995) /
Surface water quality class assessment (1989-1995)
4 
3-4
3 
2-3 
2  
1-2 
1 
Območ je disperzne polucije iz urbanih površin (vir: UPP) /
Območ je disperzne polucije iz kmetijskih površin /
Obstoječ e č istilne naprave ( MOP) / Existing WWTP´s
PE Inštalirano število populacijskih enot na č istilni naprvi /
Stopnja č išč enja / Stage of treatment
Uč inek odstranjevanja KPK [%] / Removal efficiency for COD
Stage
/ Name
Efficiently
Installed load on population equivalents (PE) on WWTP
Mostly sewered area
Dispersed pollution from agricultural areas 
Dispersed pollution from urbanised areas
Stopnja / Stage
Uč inek / Efficiency
Aglomeracija (eno ali več naselij) / Aglomeration
PE
IME
STOPNJA
UČ INEK

Vahtar, M., Kompare, B.: Kakovost površinskih voda v vodnogospodarskih strokovnih podlagah za potrebe usklajevanja prostorskega
planiranja - Surface Water Quality in Water Management Studies and Plans to be Used in the Harmonization Process in Spatial Development
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Slika 3.  Prikaz omejitev in usmeritev rabe in razvoja v prostoru.
Figure 3. A display of limitation and directions of spatial use and development.
Odseki vodotoka s prioriteto izvajanja sanacijskih ukrepov /
Odseki vodotokov s prioriteto izvajanja zašč itnih ukrepov /
Evtrofikacijska območ ja (iz NPVO) / Eutrophication sensitive areas
Prispevno območ je za evtrofikacijo / Catchment area of eutrophied water body
Kopalna voda / Bathing water
L E G E N D A / L E G E N D :
Č istilne naprave - situacija za leto 2006 (vir: MOP, FGG-IZH) /
Odseki vodotokov primerni za rekreacijo / Suitable for recreation
(vsi obstoječ i na vodo vezani športi - direkten kontakt z vodo) /
Obstoječ e č istilne naprave, za katere rekonstrukcija ni potrebna /
Obstoječ e č istilne naprave, ki potrebujejo rekonstrukcijo /
Nove č istilne naprave /
PE-o
PE-n
stopnja / stage-o
stopnja / stage-n
Inštalirano število populacijskih enot na obstoječ i č istilni napravi /
Inštalirano število populacijskih enot na novi (rekonstruirani) č istilni napravi /
Stopnja č išč enja na obstoječ i č istilni napravi /
Stopnja č išč enja na novi (rekonstruirani) č istilni napravi /
I
II
III
mehansko / mechanical
biološko / biological
odstranjevanje N,P / removal of N,P
IME
stopnja-o
PE-o
IME
PE-n
stopnja-n
IME
PE-n
stopnja-o
stopnja-n
PE-o
Existing WWTP´s, no upgrade needed
Existing WWTP´s upgrade needed
New WWTP´s
Designed PE on existing WWTP´s
Designed PE on designed (upgraded) WWTP´s
WW treatment stage on existing WWTP´s
WW treatment stage on designed (upgraded) WWTP´s
Stretches of watercourses that need sanitation
Stretches of watercourses that need protection measures
(all water sports - direct contact with water)
WWTP´s - situation for year 2006

Vahtar, M., Kompare, B.: Kakovost površinskih voda v vodnogospodarskih strokovnih podlagah za potrebe usklajevanja prostorskega
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5. ZAKLJUČ EK
Varstvo kakovosti vode kot naravnega vira
mora biti ustrezno vgrajeno tudi v postopke
prostorskega planiranja z določ anjem pogojev
rabe prostora. To je še posebej pomembno pri
disperzni poluciji in uveljavljanju imisijskih
meril varstva kakovosti voda. Strokovne
podlage za izdelavo novega prostorskega plana
RS so zato predstavljene v obliki temeljnih
inventarizacijskih kart, te pa so nadgrajene s
kartami opozorilnih in usmerjevalnih kart.
Usmeritve rabe na kartah varovanja kakovosti
površinskih voda zato neposredno izhajajo iz
stanja onesnaženosti okolja in potrebnih
ukrepov za sanacijo in izboljšanje tega stanja,
kar poveč uje razvidnost vzroč ne povezave
med stanjem in ukrepi. Upamo, da bo tak
nač in prikaza informacij, poleg razvidnosti
potrebnih ukrepov, hkrati tudi ustrezno uvedel
znanje o vodah in gospodarjenja z vodami na
področ je prostorskega planiranja in vedenja v
prostoru.
5. CONCLUSION
The protection of the quality of water as a
natural resource has to be incorporated also
into the procedures of spatial planning b y
defining the conditions of using the space.
This is especially important at the diffuse
pollution and for the definition of immission
criteria of water quality protection. Water
management plans and studies for the
elaboration of the new State Spatial Master
Plan of RS are for this reason presented in the
form of basic inventarisation maps, and these
are upgraded by warning and directive maps.
The recommendations for use of space
presented in the surface water quality
protection maps, therefore, result directly from
the current situation of environmental
pollution and the necessary provisions for the
sanitation and improvement of this situation.
Such presentation makes it easy to understand
the cause-effect connection between the
situation and the provisions. We hope that this
type of presenting information will besides an
easy understanding of the necessary provisions
also introduce the adequate knowledge of the
science on waters and water management to
the field of spatial planning and behaviour in
the space.
VIRI - REFERENCES
Comission Proposal for a Council Directive Establishing a Framework for European Communitiy
Water Policy, COM(97) 614, 97/0067/SYN.
Dolgoroč ni plan RS za obdobje od leta 1 986 do leta 2000 (Long term plan of Republic of Slovenia
for the period of 1986 to 2000), Ur. list SRS 1/85, 41/87, 12/89 and Ur. list RS 36/90 and 11/99.
(in Slovenian).
Kompare, B., Banovec, P., Vahtar, M. (1997). Strokovne podlage za koncept gospodarjenja z
vodami (Water management studies and plans), FGG-IZH, Ljubljana. (in Slovenian).
Nacionalni program varstva okolja, Ministrstvo za okolje in prostor – Uprava za varstvo narava,
1 998, (National environmental protection programme, editors: F. Č erne and I. Turk, in
Slovenian).
Steinman,  F., Vahtar, M. (1 996). Izhodišč a za pripravo koncepta vodnega gospodarstva za
prostorski plan RS (Basis for preparation of water management concept for the spatial plan of
Republic of Slovenia), FGG, Ljubljana. (in Slovenian).
Vahtar, M. (1998). Koncept vodnogospodarskih vsebin v procesih usklajevanja prostorskega
razvoja (Concept of water management topics in the harmonization process of spatial
development), Mišič ev vodarski dan 1 998, Maribor, 1 21 -1 26. (in Slovenian).
Vahtar, M., Kompare, B., Banovec, P., Panjan J., Horvat A., Globevnik L., Toman, M. J., Prestor,
J., Drobne, F. (1998). Strokovne podlage za spremembe in dopolnitve prostorskih sestavin
planskih aktov na nivoju države: Izdelava metodologije za umestitev vodnogospodarskih
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Vahtar, M., Kompare, B.: Kakovost površinskih voda v vodnogospodarskih strokovnih podlagah za potrebe usklajevanja prostorskega
planiranja - Surface Water Quality in Water Management Studies and Plans to be Used in the Harmonization Process in Spatial Development
© Acta hydrotechnica 18/28 (2000), 89-106, Ljubljana
106
Vahtar, M., Kompare, B., Steinman, F., Banovec, P., Matoz, H. (1998). Priprava
vodnogospodarskih vsebin za vključ evanje v sistem prostorskega planiranja na nivoju države,
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Naslov avtorjev - Authors’ Addresses
mag. Marta VAHTAR
1
 in doc. dr. Boris KOMPARE
1,2
1
Univerza v Ljubljani - University of Ljubljana
Fakulteta za gradbeništvo in geodezijo - Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering
Inštitut za zdravstveno hidrotehniko - Institute of Sanitary Engineering
Hajdrihova 28, SI - 1000 Ljubljana
2
Inštitut za hidravlič ne raziskave – Institute for hydraulic research
Hajdrihova 28, SI - 1000 Ljubljana