BocTOHHOcnaBHHCKMe 6oru KMeBCROM Pycu:
Cmpuöoe
(conocTaBMTentHbiM aHanu3 gaHHwx cnaBHH-ckom m 6anTMMCKon MM^onorMnecKMx cucreM)
Ponandac Kpe^M^uc
In memoriam professoris Universitatis Udinensis t Nikolai Mikhailovi (1967 06 11 - 2010 05 25)
Sit tibi terra levis, amice carissime!
The article deals with the topics of etymological analysis and brief nascency (consequently, hierarchical position in the Eastern Slavic pantheon) of Kiev Russia or the so-called Vladimir pantheon theonym Stribog which is mentioned in the most ancient and significant sources of Slavic mythology and religion (Nestor's chronicle transcriptions; epos Slovo o polku Igoreve).
Ha npoTH^eHMM HecKonbKux gecHTuneTMM XIX u XX bb. oco6oro BHMMaHUH cna-
BHHOBegOB ygOCTOMnOCb M3yHeHMe Bo3HMKHoBeHMH MMeH M ^yH^MM (u COOTBeTCTBeHHO
MepapxMHecKoro nono:«eHMfl b BOCTOHHOcnaBHHCKOM naHTeoHe) 6oroB KueBCKOM Pycu unu TaK Ha3HBaeMHX Te0HMM0B BnaguMupoBa naHTeoHa (nogpo6Hee [u nuTepaTypy] cm. Pisani 1950, 60, 62 g.; Gimbutas 1967, 747, 752, 755; Brückner 1980, 163 u g.; MuTpononuT InapioH 1994, 107 g.; OaMMH^bIH 1995, 110; Bomtobmh 2002, 510). OgHMM M3 hmx hbha-eTCH Cmpuöoz, mmh KOToporo ynoMMHaeTCH b caMbix gpeBHux u 3HaHMMbix ucTOHHMKax no cnaBHHCKoö Mu^onoruu u penuruu ^T0^0 apeana: „H ha^a khaxhth BOAOAHMept Bt KHeBp eAHHt. H nOCTABH KyMMpU HA XOAMy. BhP ABOpA TepeMHAfO. nepYHA
ApCBTHA. A TAABY 6r0 CpCEpCHY A OyC^ 3AAT^. H X^pCA AA^üEA. H CTpHEA1. H CHMApüTAA. H MOKOWü [h] ^pTXY HMt HApH^W^C R k[ot]u <...>" (nCP. I 79; nCP. II 23, 41, 61 [e^e cm. TonopoB 1989, 28; MapTHHoB 1989, 66]).
K co»aneHuro, ^yH^uu CTpM6ora b .aBpeHTbeBcKoM u MnaTbeBcKoM cnucKax xpoHMKM HecTopa He o6o3HaHeHH. HeKoTopHe goBogH o bo3mo»hom cooTHeceHMM ^T0^0 MM^onoruHecKoro o6pa3a c öo^ecTBOM BeTpoB, T.e. 6oroM ypaHucTMHecKMM, genaroTCH, ocHoBHBaacb Ha gaHHHx gpyroro ucToHHMKa no B0cT0HH0cnaBHHcK0M gy-xobhom m MaTepuanbHoM Kynbrype koh^ XII b. - Cnoeo o nonKy Maopeee: „ce BpTpH, CTpHKOXH BHYöH, BpWT C MOpH CTppAAMH HA XpAEpblH nAtKH HTOpCBU" (CnM 14; MapTHHoB yK.coH. 71).
OneBugHo, hto oTBeT Ha Bonpoc o MecTe 6ora b B0cT0HH0cnaBHHcK0M naHTeoHe u ero ^yH^uax M0»eT gaTb numb nuHrBucTMHecKMM aHanu3 TeoHMMa, nocKonbKy 3HaHe-hmh MMeH 6oroB noHTM Bcerga, TaK unu MHaHe, cooTBeTcreyroT ux ^yH^MHM.
3gecb HeT Heo6xoguMocTM nepeHucnHTb Bce pa6oTH no ^TMM0^0^MM gaHHoro TeoHMMa u peK0HcTpy^MM ^yH^MÖ 6ora - MHorue M3 hmx, BbmonHeHHbie go 1960 r., ynoMMHaroTca b ^TMM0^0^MHecK0M cnoBape pyccKoro H3HKa M. ^acMepa 0CP.3 III 777). HayHHaa ux ^HHocTb gaBHo ycraHoBneHa u He Hy»gaeTcH b noBTopHoM aHanu3e. B Hanane 90-thx XX b. 0ny6nuK0BaHH, BepoHTHo, gBa nocnegHux uccnegoBaHMH no BHme ynoMHHyToö npo6neMaTMKe - cTyguH B.H. TonopoBa (1989, 23 T.g.) u cTaTbH B.B. MapTHHoBa (1989, 61 T.g.). ^TM gBe MHTepecHeömue pa6oTH u cTaHyT KpaeyronbHHM KaMHeM 3gecb npegnaraeMoro aHanu3a no BepM^MKa^MM BHgBMHyTHx hobhx runoTe3
B03HMKH0BeHMH MMeHM M ^yH^MM CTpu6ora.
nocKonbKy b BHme yn0MHHyT0M uccnegoBaHMM TonopoBa npegcraBneHo H0BeM-mee oTKpHTue B03M0»H0r0 npoucxo»geHMfl MMeHM ^T0^0 BocTOHHocnaBflHcKoro 6ora, a b cTaTbe MapTHHoBa, KoTopHM onpoBepraeT ucTMHHocTb Bcex go cux nop ony6nuKo-BaHHHx uccnegoBaHMM no gaHHoMy Bonpocy (MapTHHoB yK.coH. 72) - TonbKo KpuTM-HecKMM 0630p nocnegHux uccnegoBaHuö gaHHoro Bonpoca, o6cy»geHue ^T0M npo6ne-MaTMKM Heo6xoguMo HanaTb MMeHHo c pa6oTH TonopoBa.
TonopoB (1989, 39), onupaacb Ha hmcto ^opManbHoM pacnpegeneHMM MMeH 60-roB b yxa3aHH0M oTpHBKe neTonucHoro ^pameHTa .aBpeHTbeBcKoro cnucKa, T.e. npu-cyTcTBuu ^yHKTya^M0HHHx 3HaK0B Me»gy hmmm mhm ux oTcyTcTBuu, genaeT npegno-no»eHue o tom, hto o6cy»gaeMHM TeoHMM mo^ho cooTHocuTb c CuMapraoM, „<...> KoToporo conocTaBHHroT c ^mbom (unu ga»e C0n0BbeM-pa360ÖHMK0M)", xoth paHbme ^T0 6o»ecTBo cpaBHMBan c 6oroM conH^ (cm. MBaHoB, TonopoB 1974, 21) [onupaacb Ha runoTe3y A. BproKHepa (cm. Brückner yK.coH. 81, 160, 187)]. B to »e BpeMH, npeg-nonaraeTca u ^yH^uoHanbHafl cBH3b c fla»b6oroM (MBaHoB, TonopoB 1965, 18) - ^Ta gBycMHcneHHocTb npeo6nagaeT bo Bcex onucaHMHx CTpu6ora, npegnaraeMbix Ha 0630p MBaH0BHM u TonopoBHM (CM 515; CM1 454; MC 503).
Oh »e (TonopoB yK.coH. 41) BbicKa3an MHeHue no noBogy nepecMoTpa ^TMM0^0^MM TeoHMMa b nonb3y runoTe3H P.O. #Ko6coHa (Jakobson 1959, 19 g.), T.e. cmpu- < (imperat.) *stbrti „npocrupaTb; pacnpocrpaHHTb" O *„6or 6oraTcTBa" (e^e cm. MapTHHoB yK.coH. 72), a go Toro BpeMeHM rocnogcTBoBaBmyro ugero M. Beö (1958, 96 g.) o B03BegeHMM
1 flpyrue ^opMH aHa^M3MpyeMoro TeoHMMa (Hanp., Cmpu6os, Cmpu6a, Cmpu6o(e) m gp.) b gaHHoM cTaTbe He pa36MparoTca no npMHMHe ux BTopMHHoro (m cooTBeTcTBeHHoro, no3gHero) npoucxo»geHMa (o npMHMHax mx B03HMKH0BeHMH nogpo6Hee cm. MBaHoB, TonopoB 1983, 181; e^e cm. MuTpono^MT InapioH yK.coH. 108).
cn. stri- k M-E *p tri- (eme cm. 2 CHOCKy) OTBepraeT KaK HecocroaTenbHyro. TonopoB (1989, 42) npugep»uBanca MHeHua o bo3mo»hom neKcuKO-ceMaHTunecKOM cooTBeTc-tbmm Grpu6ora c uHg.-upaH. ra. star-/stir- + b(h)äga- (*stmihi + *bhägäm „pacnpocTpa-hm gonro, 6oraTcTBo"; *Bhäga- + stmäti „Bxara (6or-pacnpegenuTenb) pacnpocrpaHaeT (gonro, 6oraTcTBo)" [raaBHbiM apryMeHTOM TaKoß runoTe3bi aBnaeTca conocraBuTenb-Haa ceMaHTunecKaa cBH3b Me»gy cnaBHHcKuMu u uHgoupaHcKuMu neKcunecKuMu coot-BeTcTBuaMu, T.e. gp.nepc. baga „6or", gp.uHg. bhägah „cnacrbe, 6narononynue, KpacoTa, nroöoBb", Ha B3auMocBH3b KOTOpbix npu aHanu3e gaHHoro TeoHuMa BecbMa cKenTunecKu OTHecca A. BproKHep (Brückner yK.coH. 45, 164) u O.H. Tpy6aneB (2003, 424)].
MapTbiHOB (yK.coH. 73) nocTynupyeT MHeHue, hto eguHcTBeHHO npaBunbHoß hb-naeTca upaHcKaa ^TUM0^0^ua uMeHu Grpu6or, npegno»eHHaa nupxerrepoM (Pirchegger 1944, 311 T.g.), T.e. ^TOT TeoHUM, no ero MHeHuro, moäho B03B0guTb k upaH. *sri-baya „go6pbiö 6or". K co»aneHuro, npuHHTb TaKyro TOHKy 3peHua 3a npaBunbHyro He npuxo-guTbca U3-3a ^opManbHoß u BecbMa Ba»Hoß npunuHbi - OTcyTcTBua KOHcoHaHTHoro eneMeHTa -t- b upaH. *sri-baya (cp. noxo»yro omuÖKy M. ruMÖyTeHe (Gimbutas yK.coH. 747), cooTHocuBmeß TeoHuM Cmpuöoz c npacn. *srei- „TeHb"). OneBugHO, hto TaKaa ru-noTe3a aBnaeTca o6pa3^M HapogHoß ^TUM0^0^UU (nogpoÖHee cm. Kregzdys 2010, 51 g.), Korga BHuMaHue uccnegoBaTena KOH^HTpupyeTca He Ha geTanbHOM Mop^onorunec-kom aHanu3e cnoBa, a Ha noucKe omohumu^ckux cooTBeTcTBuß b neKcunecKux cBogax pogcTBeHHHx h3hkob, xoth BecbMa nacTO Me»gy TaKuM cnocoöoM ycTaHOBneHHbiMu u3oraoccaMu HeT He TOHbKO ceMaHTunecKoß, ho u reHeTunecKoß cbh3u (cm. 8 cHocKy).
Mgea B.A. PbiöaKOBa (o Heß nogpoÖHee cm. BoMtobuh 2002, 510) o bo3mo»hoctu BO3BegeHua TeoHuMa Cmpuöoz k pycc. cmpiü (apx. cmpoü, cmpuü) „ot^bi 6paT^, gaga no o^i" (flanb IV 340) HeB03M0^Ha no gByM npMHMHaM:
I. TaKaa Teopua nocTpoeHua Mop^onorunecKoß cTpyKTypbi cnoBa ocHOBaHa, npu-gep»uBaacb ^puH^u^OB HapogHoß ^TUM0^0^UU, T.e. u3-3a OTcyTcTBua cTpyKTypHoro aHanu3a gaHHoß ^opMbi [KpoMe conocTaBneHua ^oHeTHHecKH To^gecTBeHHMX (omo-HHMHHecKHx) ^opM] 6brnu cooTHeceHbi gBe, coBepmeHHO pa3Hbie no npoucxo»geHuro, neKcunecKue eguHu^i. fleTanbHbiß aHanu3 Mop^OTaKTunecKoß crpyKTypbi TeoHuMa Cmpuöoz (cm. HH»e) noKa3an, hto cocTaBHbie ^^eMeHTH uMeHu ^T0^0 6ora npuHagne-»aT HaugpeBHeßmeMy neKcunecKOMy cnoro uHgoeBponeßcKoro npaa3biKa (cm. ganbme), a pycc. cmpiü (apx. cmpoü, cmpuü) „ot^b^ 6parb, gaga no ot^b" npegcTaBnaeT co6oß HOBmecTBO pyccKoro a3biKa - ^opMa pycc. cmpiü (apx. cmpoü, cmpuü) b cBoeM HKHem-HeM Mop^o^OHeTunecKOM o6nuKe He aBnaeTca ayTeHTuHHoß (T.e. BTopuHHoß - npoTu-Bonono^Hoe MHeHue BbicKa3anu T.B. TaMKpenug3e u Bhh.Bc. MBaHOB (cm. 2 cHocKy)). AHanu3 gaHHoro cnoBa Heo6xoguMO HanaTb c ycTaHOBneHua neKcuKO-ceMaHTunecKoß rpynnb, KOTopoß oho npuHagne^uT, u bü3mo«hhx Mop^onorunecKux cooTBeTcTBuß. MMeHa pogcTBa othochtch k TaK Ha3bBaeMoß Mop^onorunecKu KOHcepBaTuBHoß cno-BOo6pa3OBaTenbHoß cucTeMe, KOTopoß npucy^a Ta »e caMaa crpyKTypHaa Mogenb, hto u gpyruM neKcunecKuM cooTBeTcTBuaM M-E h3hkob gaHHoß ceMaHTunecKoß rpyn-nb cnoB. AHanu3upyeMoe cnoBO, 6e3ycnoBHO, OTpa»aeT aöcTparnpoBaHHyro ^opMy, nocKonbKy pa3genaa ero Ha cTpyKTypHbe ^^eMeHTH, BbgenaeTca TpexKOHcoHaHTHbß KopeHb cmp-2 6e3 cocTaBnaromero rnacHoro (a ^TO HeB03M0^H0, nocKonbKy pyccKuß
2 rMnoTe3a, nocTpoeHHaa Ha BO3BegeHMM -str- k M-E *-pli>tli,r- // *pIh,HtIh,er- (raMKpenMg3e, MBaHOB 1984, 538, 765, 777, 791) aB^aeTca Ka3yMcTMHecKOM, T.e. HegoKa3aHHOM Hay^HbiMM goBogaMM.
BocTOMHOCTOBSHCKMe 6ora KueBCKOM Pycu: Cmpu6o^
He HBHHeTCH CeMMTCKMM H3HK0M) M Cy^^. *-bj- (c HUM 6bM0 npMHHTO 06pa30BbIBaTb pa3HMHHbie ^OpMbl MMeH pOgCTBa B CTapOCHaBHHCKOM, cp. C.CH. EpATHR „6paTCTB0"
(nomen collect.) [< *brät- +*-ii- +*-ä] (nogpo6Hee cm. Xa6ypraeB 1974, 198) > pycc. 6pämix „6paTCTBO, TOBapu^ecTBO, o6^MHa u gp." (flanb I 124). 3HanuT, npa^opMa gaHHoro CHOBa pe^neKTupyeT 6onee cno»Hyro Mop^onorunecKyro KOHCTpy^uro, T.e. gon»Ha UMeTb 6onbme cocTaBHHro^ux CTpyKTypHbix eguHM^ neM 0Tpa»aeTCH HHHem-hmm ee cocTOHHueM. OcHOBHBaacb Ha neKCunecKOM MaTepuane, npuBOguMOM b CHOBape Bh. flanH, mo^ho c yBepeHHOCTbro yTBep»gaTb, hto pyCC. cmpiü (apx. cmpoü, cmpuü) COOTHOCUM [no Mop^onorunecKOMy CTpoeHuro] c pycc. cecmpin „gBypogHaH, gBoropog-Haa cecTpa" u [no Mop^onorunecKOMy CTpoeHuro u 3HaneHuro] c pycc. cecmpuHa „go^b cecrpbi, nneMÄHHU^ no cecTpi" (flanb IV 179). ^TM gBa CHOBa, c nepBoro B3raHga He MMero^ue Hunero o6^ero c aHanu3upyeMbiM chobom, hbhhkitch cy6cTpaTHHMM ^op-MaMU, ot K0T0pbix npou3omnu apx. cmpoü, cmpuü (cm. ganbme). npu aHanu3e ^T0^0 pogoBoro TepMUHa He06x0guM0 ynecTb u e^e oguH BecbMa Ba»HHH ^aKT gnH BOccTa-hobtohmh npa^opMH gaHHOM neKceMbi, hto b pyccKOM H3biKe gnH o6o3HaneHMH cecTpbi ucn0nb30BancH runoKopucTUK pycc. guan. cn „cecTpa" TBepb (flanb IV 383), ho caMoe rnaBHoe - pycc. guan. mnmn „OTe^b, 6aTromKa" b guaneKTax TaK »e 03Hanan0 „cecTpa" PH3aHb (flanb IV 456), T.e. mo»ho npegnono»MTb, hto M3-3a ceMaHTUHecKon KoHTaMU-Hamui pycc. guan. cx „cecTpa" pycc. guan. mxmx „OTe^b, 6aTromKa//cecTpa", b H3H-kobom cucTeMe Morao noHBUTbCH UM.npunar. pycc. *ce(x)cmpuHoü „npuHagne^a^un o^y" > HM.cy^. pycc. *ce(x)cmpuHa „to, hto npuHagne^UT o^y" (0 cy^. *-tn-ä cm. Xa6ypraeB yK.con. 203 g.) [— UM.cy^. pycc. cecmpeHÜ^im „Bce, hto nxt, hto oth-ho hmi npuHagne^HTb" (flanb IV 179) - npou3BogHoe c cy^^. *-in- + *-ik- (a TaKOM Tune CH0B006pa30BaHUH nogpo6Hee cm. Xa6ypraeB yK.con. 201)] O HM.cy^. pycc. *(cx) cmp(uH)oü „6paT o^a, gaga" [u3-3a a^epe3uca (ero npegonpegenu.ro noBTopeHue cbh-3m c-...c-, cp. hut. overe „6enKa" = vovere „T.»."; aHra. :3m [aim] 1 am (Gaivenis, Keinys 1990, 12) u a6cop6^MM cy^. -uh- (0 TaKOM ^OHeTunecKOM hbtohmm nogpo6Hee cm. Kper»guc 2009, 281 [37 CHOCKy]) pycc. (apx.) cmpoü „t.».". npoucxo»geHue pycc. cmpiü „6paT o^a, gaga" B3auM0CBH3aHa c Mop^onorMHecKMM pa3BMTMeM pycc. (apx.) cmpoü „t.».", ho oho ropa3go npo^e: UM.cy^. pycc. *ce(x)cmpix *„to, hto npuHagne»MT o^y" (nomen collect.) [cp. c.cn. KpATHR „6paTCTBo" (nomen collect.)] UM.cy^. pycc. *ce(x)cmpiü „6paT o^a, gaga" [no aHanoruu c pycc. cecmpin „gBypogHaH, gBoropogHaH cecTpa" u c M3MeHeHMeM ^neKCuu »eHCKoro poga *-ä Ha My»CK0M -b no aHanoruu c pycc. 6pämmü „eMy [T.e. 6paTy - P.K.] npMHagne»a^MM, cbomctbeHHbM" (flanb I 124)] — UM.cy^. pycc. cmpiü „t.»." [c a^epe3UC0M ce(x)-].
II. BTopbiM npenHTCTBueM cooTHomeHUH gaHHHx neKceM HBHHeTCH ceMaHTU-necKaH MHTep^peTa^MM TeoHUMa, nocKonbKy b naHTeoHax UHgoeBponeöcKux nneMeH TaKOM CH0B006pa3HHM Tun ^opMupoBaHMH MMeH 6oroB OTcyTCTByeT u ^T0 6hh 6h eguHCTBeHHHM cnynaft, Korga ogHoro M3 rnaBHHx 6o»ecTB nneMeHM Ha3HBanu 6h „gH-geö". B ^T0 TpygHO noBepuTb u no tom npocTOM npunuHe, hto no BceM bepohthoctm TeoHMM Cmpu6oa npegcTaBHHeT C060Ö KanbKy MMeHM gpeBHerpenecKoro 6ora 6ypb (cm. ganbme).
OcHOBHBaHCb Ha gaHHOM aHanu3e, Bce nonHTKM CBH3aTb npoucxo»geHue TeoHM-Ma Cmpu6oa c pycc. cmpiü (apx. cmpoü, cmpuü) „o^ob^ 6paT^, gagH no 0T^í" gon»HH paC^HMBaTbCH KaK He060CH0BaHHHe.
MMea b Bugy gocraTOMHO BecKyro KpuTMKy MapTbHOBa no noBogy ^TMM0^0mHec-kmx M3HCKaHMM TeoHMMa Cmpu6oa, mo^ho BbigBMHyTb e^e ogHy runoTe3y o bo3mo:«-hom npoucxo^geHuu MMeHM gaHHoro 6ora, Ha ^T0T pa3 Bo3HMKHoBeHMe cnoBO^opMbi npoBoga Ha ocHoBaHMM BHyTpeHHero aHanu3a (T.e. Ha ypoBHe cuHxpoHHoro M3yMeHUfl gaHHHX CHaBAHCKMx M MM 6nM3KMx 6aHTMMCKMx H3biK0B), a TOHbKO noToM npoBoga no-mck b o 3mo^hhx pogcTBeHHbix HeKceM u MM^onoruMecKux CooTBeTCTBMM Ha noMBe gpy-rux M-E h3hkob (ecnu ^TO Heo6xoguMo).
PemeHMe Bonpoca ycraHOBneHMA bo3mo^hhx neKcuqecKux CooTBeTCTBMM TeoHM-Ma Cmpu6oa b cnaBAHCKux A3biKax Heo6xoguMO HaMaTb c onpegeneHua rpynnb HMMHbix MMeH, k KOTopoft mo^ho 6bmo 6h cooTHecTM gaHHoe chobo - oho, KOHeMHO, npuHagne-^mt k nogrpynne TaK Ha3biBaeMbix Ta6yMCTMMecKux HeKceM (nogpo6Hee cm. Kregzdys 2006, 135 T.g.), T.e. MMeHaM 6oroB, K0T0pbix u ceftqac, u b gaBHue BpeMeHa (cp. uygeft-cKoe Ta6y npou3HomeHMH MMeHM #xBe (nogpo6Hee cm. MC 633)) npou3HocuTb 6hho 3anpe^eHO (cp. mmh cnaBAHCKoro 6ora rpo3b nepyn, ynoTpe6naeMoro b ro^HocnaBHH-ckmx H3HKax: 6nr. nenepyna, nenepyda, nepnepyda, npenepyda (MC 431); BO3MO^Hyro nepepa6oTKy MMeHM 6ora Bonoc no ^pMH^M^y aHarpaMMHHecKoro pacnpegeneHHH ochobm cHOBa, T.e. pycc. Conoeeu-pa36ounuK Bonoc [wTaTb c npaBa Ha HeBO, T.e. *co-noB- (cp. MC 496)]. flaHHoe M3MeHeHue cTpyKTypb cnoBO^opMbi npuHATO M3,bflCHflTb KaK KpunTorpa^MMecKyro 3anucb (mhm npou3HomeHMfl) ^B^eMM3M0B (BuEmann 2002, 205 g., 385). Ha^e Bcero TaKue ^OHOMop^onoruMecKue M3MeHeHUH OTpa^aroTca b HeK-cuMecKux npuMepax penuruo3Horo nnaHa, a TaK^e b Tex cHOBax, KOTOpbie MMeroT on-pegeneHHbie cooTHomeHua c gyxoBHoft mhm 06pag0B0M c^epoft, u He Ba^HO, k KaKOMy nepuogy A3biK0B0r0 pa3BMTUH ux npuHMcnaroT, cp. pycc. Kyua „Kpecraafl MaTb" MyKa „t.^.", hut. burti „KongoBaTb" urbti „t.^." (cm. Gaivenis, Keinys yK.coM. 19), e^e cp. o6pa3e^ Mop^OTaKTunecKOM TpaHC^03M^MM M3-3a Ta6y pycc. guan. y^a^aHKa „BegbMa" (KonHMa) (cm. BnacoBa 2008, 499) < *y^a^aHKa ra. pycc. yzaduBamb „0T(pa3-)ragaTb, goragaTbca; y3HaTb no tcmhhm npu3HaKaM u gp." (flaHb IV 464 g.)3.
3HanuT, mo^ho genaTb ocTopo^Hoe npegnono:«eHMe o tom, mto aHanu3upyeMHM TeoHMM pe^neKTupyeT MeTaTe3y Mop^onoruMecKoro xapaKTepa, onpegeneHHyro ^eHO-
3 Bo3mo®ho, TpaHC^opMa^Ma ^OHOMop^oflorMMecKoro nHaHa OTpa^eHa m b cTpyKType gpyroro MMeHM 6o®ecTBa naHTeoHa KueBCKOM Pycu MoKomb, nogpo6HbM HMHrBMCTMMecKMM aHaHM3 KOToporo npegcTaBHeH Ba^.Bc. MBaHOBbM (1976, 268 T.g.), a no3gHee gonoHHeH MBaHOBbM m TonopoBbM (1983, 175 T.g.; e^e cm. MC 367; CM 363). ^T0My TeoHMMy gpeBHecHaBaHCKoro naHTeoHa 6ygeT nocBa^eHa OTgeHbHaa pa6oTa, ho TyT He06x0guM0 ynoMaHyTb numb ogHy geTaHb B03M0®H0r0 npoucxo^geHMa MMeHM m ^yH^MOHaflbHOM npuHagne^HocTM gaHHoro 6o®ecTBa - b cHOBape flaHa npMBogMTca HeKcuKO-ceMaHTMMecKoe rHe3go chob, He TOHbKO MgeaHbHO cooTBeTcTByro^Mx M3MeHeHMaM ^opMaHbHoro nHaHa, T.e. rpaMMaTMMecKoro o6HMKa TeoHMMa m M3MeHeHMa cy6cTpaTH0M ^opMb, ho TaK^e m MepapxMMecKOMy noHO^eHMro MM^OHoreMb (nogpo6Hee cm. BnacoBa yK.coM. 341 g.). npMHaB runoTe3y MBaHOBa (ocHOBaHHyro Ha npegnoHO^eHMM OacMepa (^CPH II 640): pycc. MoKoma „goMOBOM b o6pa3e xeH^MHH c 6oHbmoM roHOBOM m gHMHHbMM pyKaMM" < mm. npMHar. pycc. MOKpuu „cbpoM, Bia^Hbi, He cyxoM, npoMOKmuM") 3a ucTMHHyro, T.e. B03B0gMTb MoKomb k rH. ct.ch. *mokngti, *mociti, mm. npMHar. *mokn (MBaHOB, TonopoB 1983, 189, 194) ^ pycc. MoKHymb, MoKamb „npo(Ha)M0KaTb; 6bTb o6HMBaeMbM go^geMt, Bogoro, BHaroro; He^aTb b Bogi" (flaHb II 340), ocTaHocb 6b He BbacHeHO He TOHbKO 3HaMeHMe TeoHMMa, ho m OMeHb Ba^Hoe 3BeH0 M3MeHeHMa ^yHK^MM 3Toro 6o®ecTBa: „rHaBHoe 60®ecTB0 ^eHcKOM MnocTacu KueBcKOM Pycu" ^ „3HaxapKa, KOHgyHba" [k TOMy ®e, ^eHcKMM o6pa3 6o®ecTBa, peK0HCTpyK^Ma KOToporo ocHOBaHa HMmb Ha goragKax, aBHaeTca 06teKT0M Koppe^MM, TaK KaK 3HaMeHMe TeoHMMa m o6pagoBaa TpagM^Ma M-E HapogoB (TaK^e m cHaBaHCKMx (!!!)) aToro MM^OHorMMecKoro o6pa3a aBHaroTca onpegeHaro^MMM MOTMBaMM gHa BOccTaHOBHeHMa ero My^cKoro o6HMKa]. Ha Bce stm Bonpocb y^e gaBHO OTBeTMH, caM aToro He npegnoHaraa, BeHMKMM pyccKMM HeKCMKorpa^ Bh. flaHb.
MeHOM Ta6y: ct. pycc. Cmpu-6oa& [*C-mp-u- *-bmpuC]^*Cupmb-6oa& [? aharpam-mhheckoe pacnpegenehhe ochobm c MeTaTe3OM HaHaHbHoro C- u3-3a OTcyTcTBua b boc-TOHHOcHaBaHcKOM ^OHOTaKTMHecKOM CBH3KM TPMC- (cBH3Ka CTPM- B pyCCKOM a3bIKe goBOHbHO mup0K0 ynoTpe6HaeMa: pycc. cmpuBa „KOHt uhu ropogt (Bt urpax)"; cmpuK& „noHoca, HepTa u gp.", cmpiu (apx. cmpou, cmpuu) „OT^Bt 6paTt, gaga no ot^b" (flaHb IV 340) (a h£m cm. BHrne)] O pycc. (apxau3M) cupmb „BogoBopoTt, Bupt, Bbipb, nyHu-Ha, BogoKpyT"4 (flaHb IV 188), T.e. nepBbift KOMnoHeHT K0Mn03UTa Tuna karmadharaya (o TaKOM Buge cnoBocno^eHMH b npacHaBaHcKOM cm. Xa6ypraeB 1974, 192) OTpa^aeT TpaHC^03u^uro KOMnoHeHTOB pagu^uaHbH0^0 cHora [Tun M0p^0TaKTUHecK0M nepe-cTaHOBKu]. TaKoe npegnono^eHue, KOHeHHO, Hy^gaeTca b geTaHbHOM o6ocHOBaHuu u npegcraBHeHuu ^TUM0H0^UU pycc. (apxau3M) cupmb, K0T0paa OTcyTcTByeT b ^TUM0-HoruHecKux cBogax cHaBaHcKux u gp. M-E a3biKOB (cp. ^acMep III 267; IEW; LEW...), xoTa uMeHHO ^T0T apxau3M pyccKoro a3biKa npegcraBHaeT co6oft HeKcuHecKuft peHUKT oco6oft Ba^HocTu - ero npaMbie cooTBeTcTBua b 6aHTuftcKux a3biKax [BecbMa gpeBHUM HeKcuHecKuft chom - rugpoHuMbi] ocraroTca 6e3 Hagne^a^ero o6tacHeHua ux npouc-xo^geHua (cm. gaHbme).
HecoMHeHHO, pycc. (apx.) cupmb „BogoBopoTt, Bupt, Bbipb, nyHUHa, BogoKpyT" coothocum (u no Mop^onorunecKOMy [3HaHUT, u ^TUM0H0^uHecK0My], u no ceMaHTu-HecKOMy npu3HaKaM) c: 1) uM.cy^. pycc. cmpyx, gp.-pycc. cmpyx, ct.-ch. CTpoyrc „poo;" ... cnoBeH. struja „pyKaB peKu, KaHaH, TeHeHue, cTpya" ~ hut. srauja „TeHeHue", HTm. strauja u gp., rugp. ^paK. Ztpauoc; „Ha3BaHue peKu b cpaHe buctohob", g.B.H. Stroua, Streua u gp. (cm. i>acMep III 785); 2) pycc. cmpyaa „ray6oKoe MecTO, ny^a, ocraro^aa-ca HeTOM ot noHTu nepecbixaro^eft peHKu", gp.-pycc. cmpyaa „TeHeHue", ct.-ch. CTpoyrA „psu^a", cHOBeH. struga „pycHO, pyKaB peKu" u gp. < M-E *sreu- „TeHb" + ^opMaHT *-g- ~ HTm. strauga „Hu3Koe MecTO, rge mo^ho npoBaHuTbca", struga „6ohoto", strugla „cTpya Bogbi" (cm. $acMep III 783); 3) pycc. cmpyuem „pyHeft", cHOBeH. strumen „n0T0K, pyKaB peKu" u gp. < npacH. *strumy ~ hut. straumuo „n0T0K, pyHeft", HTm. straume „TeHeHue", rp. psu^a „n0T0K, cTpya, TeHeHue", ^paK. Ztpu^wv, gp.-upH. sruaim „n0T0K", gp.-ucH. straumr „n0T0K, peKa", gp.-uHg. sravati „TeHeT", rp. psw „TeKy", hut. sraveti „MegHeH-ho TeHb" u gp. (cm. ^acMep III 783 g.); 4) pycc. ocmpoB, gp.-pycc. u cT.-cHaB. OCTpOB'h „v^cto;", 6Hr. ocmpoB, cep6.-xopB. ocmpBo, cHOBeH. ostrov u gp. < npacH. *o-strov& „to, hto o6TeKaeTca, peHHoft ocTpoB" ~ hut. srava „TeHeHue, KpoBOTeHeHue, MeHCTpya^ua", prasrava „tok Bogbi", HTm. strava „TeHeHue" u [c gpyroM cTyneHbro BOKaHu3Ma] hut. srove, strove „TeHeHue" u gp. (cm. ^acMep III 165).
KaMHeM npeTKHOBeHua ^HUMUHa^uu pycc. (apx.) cupmb u3 ^TUM0H0^uHecKux cBogoB cHaBaHcKux, ga u Bcex gpyrux M-E a3biKOB [cm. BHme], BuguMO, craHO HecooT-BeTcTBue pagu^uaHbH0M cTpyKTypbi gaHHOM ^opMbi u BHme npuBegeHHbix npuMepoB. DiaBHbiM npenaTcTBueM cooTHeceHua Bcex ^Tux chob b 0gH0 HeKcuKO-ceMaHTuHecKoe noHe - go cux nop HeBbiacHeHHaa M0p^0H0ruHecKaa cBa3b Me^gy M-E *sreu- „TeHb" u cTyneHbro guna M-E *seir- „t.^.", peKOHcTpy^uro KOTopoft onpegeHaeT pycc. (apx.)
4 Cp. 3HaHeHMa pycc. Bup& „OMyT m BogoBopoT, aMMHa nogt BogoM ct pogHMKaMM mhm ct K0H0B0p0T0Mt 6bicTparo TeHeHba; BogoKpyTb, BogoBepTb, BHpb, nyHMHa, 3aBepTb, BHXopt, cyBogb, cyBOM, cyHOM, BopoTb, KyHOBopoTb, KpyreHb, 3aKpyTeHb; BMxopt, 3aBOM, 3aBOMKa Bt mepcTu" (flaHb I 206).
CeMaHTMHecKyro cBa3b Me^gy aHaHM3MpyeMHM TeoHMMOM m Ha3BaHMaMM BogaHoro npocTpaHcTBa pe^HeKTMpyroT Teo^opHHe rugpoHMMH YKpaMHbi: Cmpuu p., Cmpu6o3bKa p., Cmpu6oMe 03ep0 (e^e cp. Ton. Cmpusopod, Cmpu6iM (^MTOMupcKaa o6h.) (cm. Bomtobmh yK.coH. 510).
cupmb [< npacn. *seir- + cy^. *-t- + TeMa (g.fem.) *-i- (nogpo6Hee o ceMaHTMHecKoñ Koppen^uu ^THX ^opMaHToB cm. Xa6ypraeB yK.con. 196)]. nocnegHuñ M3 hmx c nep-Boro B3raaga He cooTBeTCTByeT ^pMH^M^aM nocTpoeHua cucTeMbi pagoB M-E a6nay-Ta u cTpyKTypbi KopHH BpeMeH M-E npa^3HKa (cm. CeMepeHbM 1980, 97 T.g., 148 g.). npugep®MBaflcb Teopuu BeHBeHucTa (Benveniste 1984, 147 T.g.), oHa gon®Ha cocTo^Tb M3 Tpex ^^eMeHTOB, xoth BoccraHoBneHue HeTbipexKoMnoHeHTHoro KopHA M-E *seir-npegnonoraeT He TonbKo aHanu3upyeMbiM pycc. (apx.) cupmb, ho m rugpohmmh hmt. Seira p. CpM, Seirijai o3., o6a KoTopbix Bo3BoguMbi k npaóanT. *seir- „Te^b, cTpyuTbca, KanaTb" (cp. Vanagas 1981, 294). Cpa3y Hy®Ho oTMeTMTb, hto ynoMAHyTbie rugpoHM-mh go cux nop He MMeroT gocToBepHoñ ^TMM0^0mM. Hau6onee npaBgonogo6Hoe o6,b-HcHeHue Bo3HMKHoBeHMH gaHHbix ^opM yKa3an OTpeM6cKu - oh peKoHcrpyupyeT M-E *sei- (Otr^bski 1963, 27), c KoTopoñ coothocmt gp.MHg. stra „peKa, noToK, TeneHue". DiaBHbiM HegocTaTKoM ^T0M runoTe3H, nonHocTbro onpoBepraro^MM ee McTMHHocTb, HBnaeTcH tot ^aKT, hto Ha TeppuTopuu ^mtbh ynoTpe6naroTcH rugpoHUMH c KopHeM ser-, Bo3BoguTb kotophx k y®e ynoMHHyToMy M-E *sei- Henb3A no tom npocroñ npunu-He, hto -r- He aB^nerca cy^^MKcOM, a cocTaB^aro^MM KopHH Tuna guna: [e-cTyneHu] hmt. Ser-e p. nHg < M-E *ser- „Te^b, cTpyuTbca; npoBopHo u uHTeHcuBHo gBuraTbca" + cy^^. *-a- [cp. hmt. garbe „noneT" (e ochob.), KoTopoe HBnaeTcH 6onee no3gHMM npe-o6pa3oBaHueM BMecTo hmt. garba „t.®." (á ochob.) [< *-a - LEW 147] (e^e cm. Kregzdys 2008, 94; Kregzdys 2010 , 210, 217)] < M-E *ser- „Te^b, cTpyuTbca; npoBopHo u MHTeH-cmbho gBuraTbca" ~ [o-cTyneHu] hmt. Sar-ia o3. u p. Mbhh, nTm. Sar-ija p., Ton. hmt. Sar-at nr. ffin^H, nTm. Sar-upe gpB. < M-E *sor- „TeW [> rugp. Sar(s) (b ^a^M^MM), Sora (b AHrauu) (cp. Vanagas yK.con. 291, 296)] gp.-MHg. sí-sar-ti, sár-ati „Tenb, cnemuTb, ToponuTbca, rHaTb, npecnegoBaTb" u gp. (IEW 909 fl.)]5.
K ToMy ®e, Hy®Ho oTMeTMTb u tot ^aKT, hto ^TMM0^0^MH gp.MHg. stra „peKa, noToK, TeneHue", no cnoBaM M. Mañpro^epa (Mayrhofer III 477), HBnaeTcH „problematisch"6. fleno b tom, hto BaKepHaren u fle6pyHHep (Wackernagel, Debrunner 1896, 47), bo3bo-guBmue ^Ty ^opMy k M-E *si-, He npegcraBunu y6eguTenbHoro o6^acHeHMH o cy^ec-TBoBaHuu Tpex pa3nuHHbix ^opM no cTeneHM a6nayTa [Ha ypoBHe gpeBHeuHguñcKoro, T.e. b cuHxpohhom nnaHe] Toro ®e caMoro KopHH, T.e. gp.MHg. sira „peKa, noToK, Tene-Hue", sara „t.®.", stra „t.®.", hto, k cTaTM, He oTBenaeT ^pMH^M^aM apxauHHoro (penuK-ToBoro) o6pa3^ ^opMupoBaHMH HoMMHanbHbix o6pa3oBaHMM [KopeHb + TeMaTunec-kmm cy^^MKc -a] MMeH geñcTBMH7 (nomina actionis) ot TaK Ha3HBaeMHx Bep6anbHbix
5	B BocTo^Ho-6anTMMcKMx s3biKax ynoTpe6nsK>Tcs m raaronbHbie ^opMbi c HyneBoñ cTyneHbro KopHs: rn. hmt. sir-énti „MegneHHo KMneTb, BapuTbca, ny3HpuTbca, 6e®aTb ManeHbKMMM maraMu", ap-sir-ti „oKpy^aTb, o^e^^aTb", jTm. sirt „oKpy^MTb, HanacTb" (cp. Vanagas yK.co^. 299).
6	B PurBege (I 174, 9; IV 19, 8; X 49, 9) gp.MHg. sira „peKa, noToK, Te^eHue" ynoTpe6¡iseTcs Hapsgy c sira„T.m'', a b ATxapBaBege - sara „t.®." (Mayrhofer t.®.).
7	Ba®Ho nog^epKHyTb tot ^aKT, mto npucyTcTBMe ygapeHMa Ha cy^^MKce MMeH geñcTBMa aToro Tuna, KaK 3aMeTMn T. Bappoy (1976, 118), SBnseTcs BTopu^HHM, T.e. mo®ho BbigBMHyTb npegnono®eHMe, mto MMeHHo H3MeHeHHe a^eHTHoro runa „y^apeHHe Ha neHynbTHMe (apxaHMHaa Mo^ent)" — „y^apeHHe Ha (^jieKTMBHOM ^opMaHTe (HHHOBa^Ha)" u 6mho npMHMHOH noaBneHHa HyneBOH CTyneHH gp.MHg. sira „peKa, noToK, Te^eHMe", T.e. gp.MHg. sira gp.MHg. sira „t.®." (cp. gp.MHg. su-sirá- Wackernagel, Debrunner 1929-1930, 361). CoBna^eHue gByx Mop^ojiorHHecKHX TunoB bo e^uHMH [nomen actionis (ygapeHMe Ha KopHe) ++ nomen agentis (ygapeHMe Ha cy^^MKce)] m 6rnna npuMUHOH B03HUKH0BeHua cna6oñ CTyneHu nomen actionis gp.MHg. sira, nocmnbKy oho pe^neKTMpyeT HaugpeBHeMmMM TMn ano^oHMM M-E npaa3HKa, cy^ecTBoBaBmuñ gna pa3rpaHM^eHMS gByx ceMaHTM^ecKMx egMHM^ Toro ®e caMoro KopHa - ygapeHMe nagaeT Ha cy^^MKc K^acca nomina agentia cna6aa CTyneHt KopHa, b to BpeMa KaK nomina actionis
^opM nepecTaH0B0HH0r0 M-E a6nayTa (Schwebeablaut) M-E npaH3biK0B0M cucTeMbi, ho
HHH0Ba^H0HHHe npe06pa30BaHUH, n0HBUBmUecH Ha n0HBe UHg0UpaHcK0M H3biK0B0M 06^h0ctm unu e^e 60nee n03gHer0 nepu0ga (cm. 6 cH0CKy). 3HaMUT, u b gpeBHeuHguñ-CK0M, u b 6anTMMCK0M yn0Tpe6nHK>TcH gBe neKcuMecKue egMHM^i cTyneHU guna M-E *ser- „TeMb, cTpyuTbca; np0B0pH0 u MHTeHcuBH0 gBuraTbca" u M-E *seir- „t.».".
ß03Bpa^aacb k np06neMe B0ccTaH0BneHUH MeTbipexK0Mn0HeHTH0r0 K0pHH M-E *seir- Hy»H0 0TMeTMTb BHme yn0MHHyTbiñ Tun 06pa30BaHuñ Bep6anbHbix ^0pM BT0-puHH0r0 unu nepecTaH0B0MH0r0 M-E a6nayTa (Schwebeablaut) M-E npaH3biK0B0M cucTeMbi, K0T0pbiM npu ^0pMynup0BKe cTpyKTypb M-E K0pHH BeHBeHucTa, HBnaeTcH npe-06pa30BaHueM gbyxcno^hon ochobm (n0gp06Hee cm. CeMepeHbu yK.c0M. 150), 3HaMUT - BT0pUMHbIM. Cpa3y Hy»H0 0TMeTMTb, MT0 gaHHbIM TepMMH TpagM^M0HH0 ucn0nb3y-eTCH gna 0603HaMeHUH H0MUHanbHbix 06pa30BaHuñ, a He rnar0n0B. MHTep^peTa^MH np0^cca cy^MKca^MM M-E rnarona g0 cux n0p HBnaeTcH 3agaMeñ BecbMa 3aK0Bbi-pucT0M u 06peMeHeHH0M ot0»h0cthmm cn0B0M3MeHeHUH ^T0H KaTer0puu H3biKa (cp. „Suffix -ei/i- <...> The historical development of all these forms is still unclear" (Beekes 1995, 229)). HecM0TpH Ha Bce HeBbiacHeHHbie HroaHcbi n0cTp0eHUH cy^^UKcanbHbix raar0nbHbix ^0pM, Hy»H0 MMeTb b Bugy rnaBHbiñ ^aKT0p: „<...> 06pa30BaHue UMeH-HHx u rnaronbHbix 0ch0b n0K0UTcH b 06^eM Ha 0gHux u Tex »e ^pMH^M^ax. Pacnp0-cTpaHeHMH rnar0nbHHx K0pHeñ - ^T0 b cy^H0cTU UHK0pn0pup0BaHHbie cy^UKcbi <...>" (Bapp0y yK.c0M. 273). ^TM 3aMeMaHUH Bapp0y BecbMa 3HaMUTenbHbie, n0cK0nbKy 0npegenHK>T nyTb pemeHUH ^TMM0n0^MMecK0^0 aHanu3a BHme nepeMucneHHbix neKcu-MecKux egMHM^
M0»H0 c 0cT0p0»H0cTbK> BbgBUHyTb npegn0n0»eHue, MT0 UMeHH0 Schwebe-ablaut'HMM Tun M0p^0n0ruMecK0r0 crp0eHUH rnar0nbHbix ^0pM (nomina deverbativa) pycc. (apx.) cupmb „B0g0B0p0Tb, Bupb, Bbipb, nyMUHa, BÓg0KpyT", cT.-cn. CTpoyrc „póoc;", cT.-cn. CTpoyrA, cT.-cnaB. oCTposú u gp. npegcTaBneH He T0nbK0 b 6anTuñcKux u cnaBHHcKUx H3MKax, H0 u gpeBHeuHguMcK0M: M-E *ser- „TeMb, cTpyuTbca; np0B0p-H0 u MHTeHcuBH0 gBuraTbca" (IEW 909) + cy^. M-E *-eu- (0 HeM cm. Mene yK.c0M. 230)8 > MM.npunar. M-E *seru- (*soru-//*sreu-//*srü-) „TeKy^uñ; KaK cTpya" [cp. rn. M-E
UMeroT ygapeHue Ha K0pHe ++ KopeHb CTyneHM guna (n0gp06Hee cm. Meñe 1914, 227; Bapp0y yK.c0M. 119, 274), cp. gp.UHg. sárah „03ep0, npyg". 3HaMUT, gyMaTb, MT0 gp.UHg. sira pe^neKTupyeT BT0puMH0e ygnuHeHue 0T gp.UHg. sira, TaK0e HBneHue BcTpeMaeTcH b gpeBHeuHguñcK0M H3biKe (cp. gp.UHg. madhuka- „nMena; Ha3BaHue gepeBa Bassia latifolia" ~ gp.UHg. madhuka- „t.»." (Kregždys 2009, 116; Kper»guc 2009, 282 [42 cH0cKy])), He npux0guTcH. TaK»e b 0np0Bep»eHMM Hy»gaeTcH run0Te3a BaKepHarenH u fle6pyHHepa (Wak-kernagel, Debrunner 1954, 29, 247), MT0 n0HBneHue HyneB0ñ cTyneHU gp.UHg. sira cBH3aHH0 c geKnMHa^MeM cn0Ba, T.e. *sir (nom.sg.) ■ sira (b K0cBeHHbx nage»ax), n0cK0nbKy ygapeHue 0ch0b Ha -a- b H3bKe Beg npu cKn0HeHMU 6bin0 Heno^BH^HMM (Enu3apeHK0Ba 1982, 224). Cy^ecTB0BaHue pa3nuMH^ix ^0pM cTyneHU guina gp.UHg. sara „peKa, n0T0K, TeMeHue" u gp.UHg. sira „t.»." 0npegenaeT B0ccTaH0BneHue gByx rnar0nbHwx egMHM^ c tom »e caM0ñ cTyneHbro Mepeg0BaHUH guna M-E *ser- „menb" u M-E *seir- „t.».". OgHa U3 Hux - M-E *seir- - 6e3 c0MHeHUH BT0puMHa, n0cK0nbKy pe^neKTupyeT np0U3B0gHyro Bep6anbHyro ^0pMy ceKyHgapH0r0 M-E a6nayTa (Schwebeablaut) (cm. ganbme).
8 Cp. ra. M-E *der-//*dr- „(0T0)pBaTb" + cy^^. M-E *-euu-//*ü- ■ ra. M-E *dreu-//*drü- „pacKanbiBaTb cn0-c060m pa3gupaHMH" (PEŽ I 231) [m0»h0 genaTb 0cT0p0»Hyro npegn0cwnKy, MT0 cyTb Schwebeablaut-H0ñ nepecTaH0BKU c0cT0Hna He T0nbK0 b M3MeHeHMM 3HaMeHUH rnar0nbH0ñ ^0pMbi [0H0 npu06peTan0 Bug0B0ñ 0TTeH0K: „genaTb" ■ „cgenaTb"; „genaTb" ■ „n0CT0aHH0 genaTb"], H0 b nepByro 0Mepegb 0Ha pe^neKTupyeT Mop^ono^M3a^Mro rpaMMaTUMecK0ñ KaTeropuu cy6cTaHTUBa [T.e. rnar0n ^ cy6cTaHTUB], T.e. HecM0TpH Ha KaTer0puMH0e yTBep»geHue Bapp0y (yK.c0M. 274), MT0 n0cne Schwebeablaut-H0ñ nepecTaH0BKU „Pa3nu-Mue Me»gy stumm gByMH TMnaMM ^0pM c0 cTyneHbro gunna [T.e. *der- ++ *dreu- - P.K.] He UMeeT HUKaK0r0 3HaMeHUH, K0rga peMb ugeT 0 3HaMeHMM K0pHeñ unu ux cnpH»eHUu: 0H0 cy^ecTBeHH0 numb gnH UMeHH^ix
*der- „(oTo)pBaTb" > uM.npunar. M-E *deru- (*doru-//*dreu-//*drü-) „TBepgbm, Kpen-kmm" (nogpo6Hee cm. Benveniste I 104 T.g.; PEŽ I 225)] O I. (Schwebeablaut) uM.npunar. M-E *sreu-/*srü- „TeKy^un"9 [TaKue ^opMbi, BuguMo, e^e b nepuog M-E npafl3biKa unu ero pacnneHeHMM Ha guaneKTbi 6bmu cy6cTaHTUBupoBaHHbi [substantiva abstracta -M-E *deru (*doru-//*dreu-//*drü-) „TBepgocTb, KpenocTb" (PEŽ t.^.)], no3gHee k Kop-Hro npu6aBneH ^opMaHT M-E *-o- (g.masc.) (o HeM nogpo6Hee cm. Mene yK.con. 227 g.), cp. MM.cy^. npanuT. *srevas//*sruvas [> (c aHanTUKcmecKUM -t- u BTopuHHbiM ygnuHeHueM raacHoro nog ygapeHueM - BocTOHHo-6anTUMcKafl uhhoba^ufl) npanuT. *strevas//*srüvas > nuT. srüvis „(KpoBa) TeneHue; pycno peKu" (c -is < -as no aHanoruu c nuT.guan. upis „peKa" - nogpo6Hee cm. Skardžius yK.con. 54)], a no3gHee u M-E *-a (g.fem.) (cm. Mene yK.con. 254; Mažiulis 1970, 306)] > 1a) uM.npunar. 6n.-cn. *sreu-/*sru-„TeKy^un" > uM.cy^. kraujó-sruv-a „KpoBonogTeK" [-v- b ^TOM cnoBe He HBnaeTcH pe^-.tckcom cy^. M-E *-eu- (TaK, KaK ^Ta ^opMa pe^neKTupyeT HyneByro cTeneHb KopHfl), a ^oHeTunecKu o6ycnoBneHHon BcraBKon ^neHTe3a) bo u36e^aHuu xuaTyca (nogpo6Hee cm. Zinkevičius 1966, 189)] // uM.cy^. 6n.-cn. *srav-os [< 6n.-cn. *srou- (^opMa c nepe-goBaHueM *sreu-/*srou-), cp. uM.cy^. npanuT. *sravas (cm. ganbme)]/*sru- „TeKy^un" >
ochob <...>", TaKaa ^opMynupoBKa Hy»gaeTca b cy^ecTBeHHoñ Koppe^uu, nocKo.bKy ceMaHTM^ecKaa cTpyKTypa ^opMbi *dreu- [de natura aB.aro^aaca ag,beKTMBM3a^MOHHbIM npou3BogHbiM], pe^.eKTupyeT cyöcTpaTHoe MMeHHoe 3Ha^eHue "„pacKanbiBaTb cnoco6oM pa3gupaHua" [A (raaro.) + E (uMeHHoM cy^-^mkc) ■ B(AE) (uMeHHaa ^opMa co 3Ha^eHue TpaH3MTMBHoCTM, KoTopaa y npunaraTe.bHbix MMeHHoro Tuna aB.aeTca MHTpaH3MTMBHOM, cp. „ge.aro^MM xopomo" ^ „xopomuM")]. 3Ha^MT, ra. M-E *dreu-//*drü-„pacKanbiBaTb cnoco6oM pa3gupaHua" pe^.eKTupyeT MMeHHyro nepecTaHOBKy Schwebeablaut-Horo TMna ^to o^eBugHo no npu^MHe npucyTcTBua b gaHHoM .eKceMe MMeHHoro oTTeHKa ceMeMbi "„pacKanbiBaTb cnoco6oM pa3gHpaHHa", T.e. "„pacKa.biBaTb pa3gnparo^M", a He „pacKanbiBaTb" (!!!)]. M3-3a npucyTcTBua b TaKux BMeHHHX o6pa3oBaHuax ceMaHTM^ecKoro oTTeHKa raaronbHoñ ^opMH, ohm nepexogunu b pa3pag geag,eKTMBHWx raaro.oB, T.e. B(AB) ■ rB. MrHopupoBaHue Mop^oTaKTM^ecKoñ cTyneHM B(AE) ^acTo npu-BoguT k ucKa»eHuu Mop^onoru^ecKoM cTpyKTypw a3biKa u TeM caMKM k anoruMecKMM paccy»geHuaM no noBogy npoucxo»geHua c.ob (ga»e Ha cuHxpoHHoM ypoBHe), cp. MHTep^peTa^MK> raaro.bHbix ^opM .u-ToBcKoro a3biKa: 1) nonwTKa Op^HKe^a (LEW 433) cooTHecTM ra. .mt. apmilvinti „durch Bitten besänftigen", .MT.gua.. apmilvinti, milvinti „yMo.MTb o6e^aHuaMu" (LKZ) [^ r.. .mt. gua.. milvinti, milvinti „yMo.MTb o6e^aHuaMM, npegocTaBMTb Hage^gy"] c r.. .mt. maldyti „ynpamuBaTb" noTepne.a no.Hoe ^uacKo, noc-Ko.bKy ra. jmT. milvinti „yMOJiMTb oöe^aHHaMH" aBnaeTca He npou3BogHWM ot r.. .mt. maldyti, T.e. oh go.^eH pac^eHMBaTbca He KaK yHac.egoBaHHaa ^opMa [T.e. 6a.TMMcKaa], a coothocmm c r.. .mt. malvinti „npupy^aTb [T.e. yroBapuBaTb, yMo.aTb]" ~ malvyti „t.»." ~ apsimalvinti „t.»." (LKZ) [mil-< mal- perpec-cuBHaa accMMM^a^Ma]J a noc.egHMM aB.aeTca 3auMcTBoBaHueM - cnaBaHH3MOM, cp. pycc. ra. MonBumb, MÖnBnuBamb „6auTb [Ba6uTb, MaHHTb (oöe^aHHaMH), o6o.b^aTb (flanb I 39, 159)]; roBopuTb, cKa3WBaTb" (flanb II 340 g.); r.. pycc. Monumb, MänuBamb „npocuTb cMupeHHo, noKopHo, ycepgHo, npocuTb, Bwnpa-muBaTb" (flanb II 341 g.); 2) runoTe3a M. Bu6ypuTe (Viburyté 2007, 60), a tom, mto r.. .mt. burlióti „ecTb pacn.ecKMBaa, na^KaTb" (LK2) coothocmm c MM.cy^. .mt. burlas „rpa3b", aB.aeTca HecocToaTe.bHoM no tom npocToM npu^MHe, mto geHoTaTHaa Koppe.^ua gaHHoM neKceMW pe^.eKTupyeT He pe^epeHT „rpa3b", a „poT, nacTb" [~ r.. .mt. gua.. burlyti „mapuTb (MecuTb) Mopgoñ (noM.o)" u gp. (6o.bme npuMepoB cm. b LK2)], T.e. ^Ta r.aro.bHaa ^opMa BocxoguT k r.. .mt. *bur-na-lioti „t.»." [geHoMMHaTMBy (!!!) - cp. mm. cy^. .mt. burna „poT, Mopga, nacTb" Kregzdys 2010 , 103 g.], a Bo3HMKHoBeHue cy^^. -la- nerao mo»ho o6,acHMTb npucyTcTBueM neñopaTMBHoro oTTeHKa [cp. „mapuTb (MecuTb) Mopgoñ (noM.o)" ^ „na^KaTb-ca" „rpa3Hy.a"], npucy^ero g.a ero gepuBaToB, cp. mm. cy^. .mt. vep-la „pa3MHa", nuT.guan. pamp-la „Ma.eHbKMM ny3aTbiM Me.oBeK", .mt. gua.. rióg-la „Me.oBeK BwcoKoro pocTa, HeyK.ro»MM" u gp. (6o.bme npuMepoB cm. Skardzius 1996, 164).
9 Bo3Mo»HocTb BoccTaHoB.eHua HoMMHanbH^ix ^opM MM.npu.ar. 6..-c.. *sreu-/*sru- „TeKy^uñ" mo»ho ap-ryMeHTupoBaTb mm. npu.ar. 6..-c.. *salu- „cepwñ, »e.ToBaToro ^eTa" (nogpo6Hee cm. PEZ IV 49 g.), xoTa TaKue ^opMW ^a^e ynoTpe6.aroTca, ocHoBWBaa peKOHCTpyK^Mro cy6cTaHTMBoB, cp. MM.cy^. M-E *kreu(s) „cwpoe KpoBaBoe Maco" > MM.cy^. 6..-c.. *kreus „t.»." [> ai.*krüs „KpoBb"]/*kruv- „t.»." ■ *knvb „KpoBb" ++ 6.. *kru „cBepHyBmaaca KpoBb" (PEZ II 264 g.).
jut. jut. sravà „TeHeHue, KpoBoTeHeHue, MeHCTpya^Mfl", prasrava „tok Bogbi" [^opMa pe^jeKTupyeT HyjeByro CTyneHb KopHA, a cy^MKca - guiia, T.e. 6j. *sröu-]; npacj. *o-strovb [c -ov- < -Ü- B MHTepBoKanbHoM ^03M^MM] „to, hto o6TeKaeTCH, peHHoM oCTpoB"
>	pycc. ocmpoB, gp.-pycc. m cr.-cjaB. oCTpos^ „v^aoç", 6jr. ocmpoB, cep6.-xopB. OcmpBO, cnoBeH. ostrov u gp.; 16) [c aHanTUKcuHecKMM -t-] MM.cy^. 6j.-cj. *stra-/*stru- „t.ä."
>	jTm. strava „TeHeHue" u [c gpyroö cryneHbro BoKajM3Ma] jut. srovë, strovë„noroK, TeHeHue" [c nepexogoM -é < -ä (cm. BHme)], mm. stràva „t.ä." m gp. (cm. ^acMep III 165); 1b) [geag^eKTMB] rj. 6j.-cj. *srau-/*sru- „6biTb TeKy^MM" [cp. MM.npuj. M-E *trés-„6oh^mmch; tot, kto 6omtch" (< M-E *ter- + cy^^. *-es-) [— gp.MHg. tr-âs-ati „gpo^aTb, 6oHTbca"] M-E *tér-s „cTpax" [— jaT. ter-r-eo „nyraTb, ycTpamaTb"] (Bappoy yK.coH. 274)] > rj. jmt. sravéti „MegjeHHo TeHb", srüti „TeHb cTpyën" u gp. ~ gp.-MHg. sr-âv-ati „TeneT" [gp.-MHg. sr-u-ti - „gopora, nyTb"], rp. péw „TeKy" (e^ë cm. Karaliünas 1973, 40 g.; Frisk 1970, 650; IEW 1003); // [c aHanTMKcuHecKUM -t-] ra. mm. nùo-strav-êt „TeHb, (bh-, c-)TeKaTb"; II. MM.npujar. M-E *ser-u-ö- „t.ä." (c TeMaTMHecKUM M-E *-ö- (cm. Meöe yK.coH. 228 g.) - Heo6xoguMo yHecTb to o6cToflTejbcTBo, hto -u- gaHHoö ^op-mh gon^eH paccMaTpuBaTbca KaK HyjeBaa cTyneHb pacnpocTpaHeHua cy^^. M-E *-eu-(nogpo6Hee cm. Bappoy yK.coH. 274), hto oTpa^aeT HaugpeBHeömuö Tun nocrpoeHua jeKcuHecKMx ^opM MMeHHoö u raarojbHoö cucTeM M-E npaœbiKa - npo^cc TeMaTM3a-^MM ^T0^0 ^opMaHTa (cy^. M-E *-eu- [guiia cTyneHb] > M-E *-u- [HyneBaa cTyneHb] + TeMaTMHecKUM M-E *-ö- > M-E *-uö-) HëTKo npocne^MBaeTca b BocToHHo-6ajTMÖcKMx H3HKax, cp. jmt. guaj. tçvas „tohkmö", JTm. tiêvs „t.ä." < *ten-v-as [~ rj. jmt. ten-êti „rycTeTb"] (Skardzius yK.coH. 376 g.)) > MM.cy^. jmt. ser-v-as „TeKy^aa ^ugKocTb" > I. jmt. Ser-v-as o3. BapH, Ser-v-ël-is o3. Bpc, Sâr-v-a p. rpHK [ö-cryneHM (cm. BHme)] (cm. Karaliünas yK.coH. 41) — [geHoMMHaTUB] rj. jmt. ser-v-énti „cTpyuTbca, MegjeHHo TeHb" (LKZK).
runoTe3y o bo3moähoö peKoHcTpy^uu BHme npuBegëHHHX MMëH npujaraTejb-hhx MM.npujar. 6j.-cj. *sreu-/*sru- „TeKy^uö" u gp. [<- BTopuHHHe HoBoo6pa3oBaHua Schwebeablaut'Horo MM.npujar. M-E *sreiu-/*sru- „TeKy^uö"] nogTBep^gaeT e^ë b 1943 r. CKapg^rocoM (Skardzius yK.coH. 63) BbigBMHyTaa goragKa, hto nepBMHHbie geBep-6aTHBM - TaKue, KaK MM.npujar. 6j.-cj. *srau- [< 6j.-cj. *sröu-]/*sru- „TeKy^uö" - co BpeMeHeM 6bmn cy6cTaHTHBHpoBaHM10, cp. ero peKoHcrpyupoBaHHHM MM.cy^. npa-jmt. *sravas (~ jmt. pra-sravas „He 3aMep3mee MecTo Ha jbgy; nporajMHa; Blänke", jmt. sravà „TeHeHue, KpoBoTeHeHue, MeHCTpya^Mfl", prasrava „tok BogH"), KoTopHM 6hj 6a-3oö gja npoucxo^geHMH MM.npujar. jmt. sraüjas „6bicTpbiö, cTpeMMTejbHbiö" SD 22, flc. M3 ^T0M cy6cTaHTMBupoBaHHoM ^opMH c pa3JMHHHMM cy^^UKcaMM, npu noMo^M KoTopHX, KaK npaBMjo, npujaraTejbHHe u oTBjeHëHHHe MMeHa o6pa3oBHBajucb ot MMëH (!!!) (cm. Meöe yK.coH. 231 T.g.; Bappoy yK.coH. 175), Morau 6biTb o6pa3oBaHH npou3BogHHe ^opMH c cy^^. M-E *-(i)iö- > MM.cy^. npycc. stroio „hals oder (Halsader)" E 101 [<- npycc. *stru-jä *„KpoBoTeHeHue" (Ma^ronuc MHTepnpeTupyeT ^Ty ^op-My KaK geBep6aTMB (PEZ IV 161), xoth TaKaa ^opMynupoBKa He TojbKo npoTUBopeHMT Teopuu Meöe (yK.coH. 231 g.) u runoTe3e CKapg^roca, ho m TpaKToBKe npyccKMX MMëH c cy^^. -iö-, npegjo^eHHoö caMMM Ma^ronucoM [BuguMo, aBTop nocjegHeö runoTe-3H nepenyTaj Mogeju ^opMupoBaHMH npou3BogHHX MMëH jeKcuHecKoro njacTa M-E
10 PeK0HCTpyK^Ma u-ochob gja 6ajTo-cjaB3HcKoro (cp. 6j.-cj. *girnü „^ëpHoB" (PEË I 371 g.)) npaœbiKa go cux nop ocTaëTca ogHoö U3 HepemëHHHX npo6jeM He TojjbKo 6ajTucTMKU u cjaBSHoBegeHua, ho m MHgo-eBponeucTMKM (nogpo6Hee [u jMTep.] cm. Kregzdys 2009, 122).
npaa3biKa (c cy^^. -iö- TOHbKO ot nomina substantiva) u no3gHux geBep6aTuBOB, BO3-HuKmux y»e Ha noHBe hutobckoto a3HKa (!!!) (nogpo6Hee cm. Skardzius yK.coH. 63 g.)], cp. 6h. *krauja- „cBoßcTBeHHbiß gHa rohes Fleich" < MM.cy^. *kravis „rohes Fleich" ]; hut. srau-jä/sru-jä „TeneHue, noTOK", HTm. strauja ~ pycc. cmpy-ä, gp.-pycc. cmpy-x, ct.-ch. CTpoy-R „pooc;" ... cnoBeH. strü-ja „pyKaB peKu, KaHaH, TeneHue, cTpya" u gp. Ochobh-Baacb Ha ^TUx gaHHbix, Heo6xoguMO nepecMOTpeTb He TOHbKO M0p^0H0ruHecKuß (3Ha-hut, u ^TUM0H0^UHecKuß) aHanu3 npycc. stroio „hals oder (Halsader)" E 103, ho u npycc. crauyo „blut (Blut)" E 160 (PEZ II 262 T.g.).
HaHunue Schwebeablaut'a b h3hkoboM cucTeMe a3HKa npegonpegenuno no-aBHeHue hobhx [ceKyHgapHbix] HeKcunecKux o6pa3OBaHuß cTyneHu guiia [pa-goM c Schwebeablaut'HHMu ^opMaMu HyHeBoß cTeneHu (cm. 7 cHocKy), eme cp. M-E *dieu- „He6o" — M-E *diu- „t.»." — M-E *deiuo- „He6ecHbiß, 6or" (nogpo6Hee cm. Ce-MepeHbu yK.coH. 150)] u b cucTeMe raaroHa, cp. rp. reivw „TaHyTb" < *T£v-i-w < M-E *ten-i-oh3n. no Toß »e caMoß MogeHu b M-E npaa3HKe (uhu b OTgeHbHbix ero guaneK-Tax) Moraa noaBuTbca u rpynna HeKceM ceKyHgapHoro cTpoeHua, O3HaHaromux „noTOK, TeneHue, ToponHuBbiß xog, Buxpb u T.n.": M-E *ser- + cy^^. M-E *-i- (o HeM nogpo6Hee cm. Meße yK.coH. 180 g.) — M-E *seir- (npu cTHKe gByx coHaHTOB [u3BecTHO, hto M-E KopeHb HuKorga He cogep»aH 6oHee gByx coraacHbix u ogHoro raacHoro b cTyneHu guiia (cm. Bappoy yK.coH. 274)] npou3omna ge^0H0H0^U3a^ua coHopHoro i > i) — M-E *seir-[< *seir-] „TeHb, cTpyuTbca; np0B0pH0 u uHTeHcuBHO gBuraTbca" — um. npunar. M-E *seir- „TeKymuß, KaK cTpya" [> uM.npunar. 6n.-cn.*seir- „t.»." > uM.cym. 6h. *seir- + cy^^. *-(i)ö- [^opMupoBaHue OTBHeneHHoro uMeHu ot HMeHH (cm. Bbime)]— uM.cym. HTm. seiris „6e3geaTeHbHbiß HeHOBeK" (LVV III 813; eme cm. Endzelynas 1957, 109) -nepexog raaroHa b HOMuHaHbHbiß Tun npegonpegeHuHa HOBaa CTpyKTypa ^opMbi u KOHeHHMH -r, KOTOpblß, u gO Toro BOcnpuHuMaBmußca KaK ^OpMaHT MMeHHOM, npu u3MeHeHuu ^OHeTunecKoro cocTaBa KopHa npegonpegeHuH BO3HuKHOBeHue MeHH Mop-^OHorunecKux TunoB uMeHu u raaroHa - ^T0 BecbMa apxauHHaa MogeHb pacnpegeHeHua KaTeropuaHbHHx npu3HaKOB nacreß penu M-E npaa3HKa (!!!) (nogpo6Hee cm. Bappoy yK.coH. 274)] + *-ä- [*-t- u gpyrue ^opMarnn] > hut. Seir-ä p. Cpß; pycc. (apx.) cup-mb „BogoBopoTb, Bupb, BHpb, nynuHa, BogoKpyT", gp.uHg. slr-ä „peKa, noTOK, TeneHue" [~ (HyHeBaa cTyneHb) g.uHg. sirä//sirä < (cTyneHb guria) g.uHg. *serä < (cTyneHb guria) npauHg. *seirä (eme cm. EHu3apeHKOBa 1974, 12 g. [eme cm. 7 cHocKy])] u gp., T.e. c.pycc. cupmb „n0T0K Bogbi" < ch. *sirtb „t.»." [cp. c.ch. nitb „HuTb" ~ g.B.H. näu „mbro" < M-E *neiß (Skardzius yK.coH. 327)] < npacH. *seir-ti- „t.».".
11 K co»aHeHuro, npaBuHa Schwebeablaut'Hbix u3MeHeHuM uccnegoBaTenaMu no 6aHTuficKOM Mop^OHoruu u 3TuM0H0ruu, KaK npaBuHO, uhu He npuMeHaroTca, uhu HenpaBuHbHO ucTOHKOBMBaroTca - KapanroHac (yK. con. 40 g.) u3bacHaeT cyTb Schwebeablaut'a KaK pacmupeHue eguHu^i cHOBa (tom »e caMoß Teopuu npu-gep»uBaeTca u ^. OpaHKeHb (cm. LEW 889): „idg. Wz. *sreu- ist eu-Erweiterung von *ser-), xoth no ucTuHe oho npegcTaBHaeT nepecTaHOBKy Mop^eMHofi cTpyKTypbi cHOBa (!!!). ^T0 npuBeHO k TOMy, hto HacTb Ha-ugpeBHefimux cH0B006pa30BaTeHbHbix ^opM go cux nop He uMeroT npaBgonogo6Hbix STuMOHorunecKux onuceß, cp. rH. npycc. teikut „schaffen" III 1052 [6521] *teikütvei (PEZ IV 189), Heß aHaHu3 Ma»roHuc (PE2 t.».) 3aKaHHuBaeT cpaBHeHueM ux c hut. teikti „(npe)gocTaBHaTb", tiekti „t.».", tikti u Bbipa»eHueM cKop6Hoß BecTu o tom, hto ucTopua stux chob (HaugpeBHeßmero aTana) oneHb cHO»Ha u He acHa, xoth u He B00py»eHHHM rHa3OM BugHO, hto KopeHb npycc. *teik- coothocum He TOHbKO c nepenucHeHHHMu rHaroHaMu, ho u c uM.cym. HTm. teika „npegaHue", a u3HaHaHbHOM ^opMofi Bcex stux HeKcunecKux o6pa-3OBaHuM aBHaeTca 6h. *tek- (> hut. tekti „gocTaTbca") - Bce »e Bbime ynoMaHyTH ^opMH pe^HeKTupyroT Schwebeablaut'Hoe u3MeHeHue 6h. *tek- + cy^^. *-i- > 6h. *teik- > npycc. *teik- (ceMaHTunecKoe pa3BuTue - KcTaTu, He cocTaBHaromee oco6eHHoß TpygHocTu - TeMa OTgeHbHoro uccHegoBaHua).
BecbMa MHTepecHHM (aKT npegcTaBHaeT HOBmecTBO 6aHTMMCKMx m cnaBaHCKMx H3HK0B, Korga M3-3a KOHTaMHHa^HH gByx raaroHbHHx TunoB - rn. M-E *ser- „TeHb, cTpyuTbca; npoBopHO m MHTeHCMBHO gBuraTbca" — MM.npunar. M-E *sreiu-/*sru- „TeKy-^mm" // MM.npunar. M-E *ser-uu-ö- „t.®." ÎÎ rn. M-E *seir- [< *seir-] „TeHb, cTpyMTbca; npoBopHO m MHTeHCMBHO gBuraTbca" — MM.npunar. M-E *seir- „TeKy^MM; KaK cTpya" B03HMKH0 [T.e. -r- > -u- /v/] MM.npuHar. 6h.-ch. *seiu- t.®. [< *seiu-] > seiv- „t.®." + *-ä- > hmt. Séiv-y ëžeras 03. ühc, 1559 r. Sejvy 03., Ton. Séivos gpB. Sáivos nr. m h. Cpñ (guaneKTM3M c M3MeHeHueM hmt. -ei- > -ai-), noncK. Sejwy 03. (cp. Vanagas yK.coH. 294)12. OcHOBHBaflCb Ha gaHHOM runoTe3e, mo®ho OTKHOHMTb Mano npaBgonogo6Hoe npeg-nono®eHMe K.-O. ®aHKa (cm. Vanagas t.®.) o cbh3m hmt. Séivy. ëžeras 03. c MM.cy^. hmt. seivà „gepeBaHHaa TOHKaa KaTymKa hmtok b HeHHOKe".
TyT He06x0gMM0 yKa3aTb e^ë BecbMa BaxHun (aKT BapbupoBaHua M-E *seir-, T.e. reHeTMHecKyro cBa3b ^T0^0 KopHa c btopmhhhm BapuaHTOM M-E *seil- „TeHb, cTpyMTbca; npoBopHO m MHTeHCMBHO gBuraTbca" [c nepexogoM *-r- > *-l-] - ^T0T (eHOMeH mo®ho cBH3HBaTb c BecbMa HacTO ycTaHaBHMBaeMHM ynoTpe6neHMeM gynneTHbix cy((uKc0B c Bbime yKa3aHH0M MeHOM coHaHTOB y®e Ha noHBe M-E npaa3biKa, cp. M-E cy((. *-ter-/*-tel- (npMMepbi cm. Meñe yK.coH. 241), *-tro-/*-tlo- m *-dhro-/*-dhlo- (Meñe yK.coH. 242), T.e. ^T0T npo^cc coothocmm c geñcTBMeM aHanoruM. flo cMx nop ogHoñ m3 HepemëHHbix npo6neM no 6aHT0-cnaBaHCK0ñ [3HaHMT, m MHgoeBponeñcKoñ] TeopuM M0p(0H0ruHecK0-ro CTpOeHMH CHOBa [3HaHMT, M ^TMM0H0^MM] npegCTaBHHeT BblflCHeHMe M0p(0H0rMHeCK0ñ cTpyKTypH HeKceM KopHa 6h.-ch. *seil- — 6h.-ch. *seil-ä [> npacH. *sila > gp.-pycc., cT.-cnaB. Cèëà „Suvale;, lax^í", 6nr. cúna, c.-xpB. cuna, cHOBeH. sila, h. sila, pycc. cúna; npycc. seilin „fleiß (Fleiß)" III 11S19 [7129] ~ npycc. noseilis „Geyst (Geist)" III 796 [S113]; hmt. seîlas „06-pyH Begpa" NdŽ, Graž, Vrb, Rdm, Krsn, Lzd, Lp, Vs, Rod; L 42, Asv, Rüd, Vrn, Dbč, Pls, Pjv, Zr (LKŽ) *seilä „®ugK0CTb ®ene3bi, npoM3BoguMaa b nonocTM pTa mhm Mopgbi gna yBHa®HeHMH nu^u" > hmt. guan. seîlos (pl.) „t.®." Šlčn ~ hmt. séilé (-e ) „t.®." K, DŽ, OG 235, Ds, Dgč, Ktk, Ml, Dsn, Q 210, SD 341, R, MŽ 217, N, M, Sut, LL 228, Rtr, Grv, Prng, Dgč, Ml, J.Avyž m gp. (LKŽ) hmt. siela „gyma, coBecTb, ®M3Hb m gp." (cp. í>acMep III 621; PEŽ III 197 g., IV 92 g.)], KOTopaa, KaK OTMeHaeT Ma®ronuc (PEŽ IV 93), aBHaeTca HeacHOH (cp. Trautmann 1923, 253; LEW 781 g. [ogHMM m3 (aKTopoB Henp03paHH0CTM ^TMM0H0^M-3a^MM gaHHOM rpynnb chob aBHaeTca OTcyTCTBMe ycTaHOBHeHua Mop(oHoruHecKMx m ce-MaHTMHeCKMX COOTBeTCTBMM Me®gy B0CT0HH0-6aHTMMCKMMM a3bIKaMM - He npMBOgaTCa
12 He06x0guM0 o6paTUTb BHUMaHue Ha to 06cT0aTenbCTB0, hto aKyTOBbie (opMbi hutobckux HeKceM He 06a-3aTeHbH0 Hy®H0 B03B0guTb k M-E *së(i)-, *sai- (sdi-) „KanaTb, TeHb, cTpyuTbca", T.e. M-E *seh(i)-, *sh2ei-(sdi-) „t.®." (cm. LEW 790; Vanagas yK.coH. 294; Karulis II 190 [b cHOBape Kapynuca b ogHO HeKcUKO-ceMaH-TUHecKoe rHe3go cooTHeceHbi pa3Hbie no 3HaHeHuro u npoucxo®geHuro CHOBa: HTm. sîvs „ocTpbiñ, pe3Kuñ" ^ HTm. sivs, siva, sive „®u®a" (cm. ganbme)]), nocKonbKy k aTOMy rHe3gy npuHUcnaeMbiM roT. saiws „Mope", BuguMO, npegcTaBHaeT co6om H0B006pa30BaHue Schwebeablaut'HOM (opMbi M-E *söiuu- „TeHb, cTpyuTbca; npoBopHO u UHTeHcUBHO gBuraTbca" < M-E *sor- „t.®." (cm. BHme) - T.e. He 06a3aTenbH0 Hy®H0 roT. -ai-B03B0guTb k M-E *ëi, TaK KaK oh Mor np0U30MTU u OT M-E *oi (nogpo6Hee cm. Beekes yK.coH. 140 g.), a gna (opMupoBaHua a^eHTHOM napagurMH ynoMaHyTbix rugpoHUMOB u TonoHUMOB ^utbh, T.e. nepexoga ^MpKyM(^neKCH0M cna6oñ 6a3H b aKyTOByro, rnaBHbiM 06pa30M BHuaHue Mor 0Ka3aTb ^neKTUBHHM ^op-MaHT KOHHeKTUBHHx 06pa30BaHUM *-ä (nogpo6Hee cm. Kregždys 2005, 14 g., 24, 2009, 138 g., 155; 2010 29 T.g.). K 3T0My ®e caMOMy HeKcUHecKOMy rHe3gy npuHUcnaeMHM UM.cy^. hut. syvai „cok pacTeHua, ®e-nygoHHHM cok", HTm. sîve, sîvs „t.®." pe(neKTupyeT nepexog npanuT. *ei > hut. e > hut. ie > hut. guan. i [0 hut. ie > hut. guan. y cm. Grinaveckienê 1957, 122; Zinkevičius yK.coH. 85], cp. hut. guan. vydrà „6ypa" ®rH, vydra (LKŽ) [— nuT.guan. vidras, vidrà „t.®." BgK, Pc (c -y- > -i- (b 6e3ygapHoñ ^03u^uu!))] < *viedrà „t.®." < npanuT. *veidrä „t.®." [—*^drä (np0Me®yT0HHaa (opMa) (Kregždys 2010a, 263 T.g.)].
npMMepbi M3 HaTbimcKoro, cp. 3aMenaHue Í^HKena (LEW 782)]). CyTb pemeHua npo6ne-mh ^TUM0H0^UU 6h.-ch. *seilä coctomt b Mop^oHorunecKoft uHTep^peTa^uu HeKcuqecKoñ eguHu^i, K0T0paa go cux nop ^^acHaeTca, KaK u3onupoBaHHaa - ^To npegonpegene-Ho HeBbiacHeHHbiM ceMaHTunecKuM pa3BMTMeM neKceM (!!!). fleno b tom, htö BHme yno-MAHyTbie cnoBa onpegenaroT BoccTaHOBHeHue npa^opMbi M-E *se(i)-l-(npugep:«uBaacb Tpagu^u0HH0M Teopuu crpoeHua M-E öchöbh neKceMH, T.e. Tpex^HeMeHTHbIM KopeHb + cy^^MKc (cm. BHme)), npuMeHeHue KOTopoñ gna BHme nepeHucneHHbix chob HeB03M0^-Ha no tom npocroñ npunuHe, htö cy^. M-E *-lo- „cny^MT^ TonbKo pacnpocTpaHemeM^ Toro cnoBa, orb KoToporo öh^ o6pa3yerb npou3BogHoe" unu „06pa30BbiBaH,b uMeHa gMcTByro^ux'b Hu^,b (nomina agentis)" u „yMeHbmuTenbHbie uMeHa" (Meñe yK.con. 236 g.). nepBHM Tun cH0B006pa30BaTeHbH0ñ Mogenu c cy^. M-E *-lo- gna o6,bacHeHua npo-ucxo^geHUH M-E *se(i)-l- HegocTaToneH b neKcunecKux cooTBeTcTBuax (qeTbipexHHeH-hhm KopeHb npoTuBopewr u ycTaHOBHeHHOñ BeHBeHucToM Mogenu ^opMupoBaHua M-E KopHa), a gBa nocnegHux - u3-3a ceMarnunecKoro HecooTBeTcTBua, T.e. „cuna" (nomen acti) He aBHaeTca uMeHeM geaTena [npycc. noseilis „Geyst (Geist)" (nomen agentis !!!) npeg-cTaBnaeT, KaK npaBunbHo 3aMeTun Ma^ronuc (PEZ III 199), ceMaHTunecKyro uHHOBa-^uro (B03HuKmyro He paHbme 13 b. (!!!) (PEZ t.ä.) u3-3a pacmupeHua Mop^oHorunecKoft cTpyKTypH cnoBa npu noMo^u npe^uKca npycc. *nö-, T.e. npycc. *nöseills „tot, KOTopbiñ o6nagaeT cBepx'becTecTBeHHHMu cBoñcTBaMu"] u TeM 6onee guMuHyTuBoM.
HeacHaa ceMaHTunecKaa ^nb Me^gy HeKceMaMu npegonpegenuna ^HUMUHa^uro u3 neKcuKo-ceMaHTunecKoro rHe3ga u gByx rpynn chob [TaK^e He uMern^ux npaBgono-go6Hoñ ^TUM0H0^uu (!!!) (cp. ^acMep III 672, 681)] Toro ^e nponcxo^geHHa, T.e. pycc. cnünä „cnroHa", yKp. cnüna, c.^cn. cnuna „t.ä.", 6nr. cnúna, c.-xpB. cnuna, cnoBeH. slína u gp. [< npacn. *slina] ~ HTm. slienas „cnroHu, rycTaa cnu3b", gp.-ucn. slím „cnu3b", HTm. slienas (nom.pl. fem.) „cnroHa" // pycc. cnmnä, 6nr. cnmna, nepBaa rpynna npegonpege-HaeT BoccTaHoBneHue ^opMbi 6h.-ch. *sleinä [< M-E *slei-nä M-E *slei-//*sli- < M-E *sel-i-], a BTopaa - npacn. *sl'u-nä [< M-E *sleu-nä]. MMea b Bugy BHme oroBopeHHHM Tun cTpoeHua Mop^oHorunecKux eguHu^ c Schwebeablaut'HHMu ^opMaMu HyneBoñ cTeneHu u oneBugHyro ux pe^neKcuro b nepenucneHHHx cnoBax, mo^ho c yBepeHHoc-Tbro yTBep^gaTb, htö Bce ^Tu neKceMH npoucxogaT ot ogHoro u Toro ^e M-E *ser- „Te^b, cTpyMTbca; npoBopHo u uHTeHcuBHo gBuraTbca", T.e. M-E *ser- [> M-E *sreu-/*sru- > 6h.-ch. *srau-/*sru- *strau-/*stru-] — I. M-E *seir- „t.ä."; II. M-E *seiu- „t.ä." > 6h. *seiv- „t.^.". no tom ^e caMoñ Mogenu Bo3HuKHa u rn. M-E *sel- „t.ä." [c nepexogoM *-r-> *-l- (cm. BHme)] I. rn. M-E *seil- „t.ä." (Mogenb Schwebeablaut'Horo Tuna, T.e. M-E *sel- + cy^^. *-i- > *seil-) > rn. 6h.-ch. *seil- „t.ä." + *-ä (nogpo6Hee cm. Meñe yK.con. 228) > um. cy^. 6h.-ch. *seil-ä „To, hto TeneT, cTpyMTca" > npacn. *sila > gp.-pycc., ct.-cnaB. chaa „Súva^i^, lax^í" u gp. // npycc. seilin „fleiß (Fleiß)" III 115 [7129] u gp., hut. síela „gyma, coBecTb, ^u3Hb" (c nepexogoM hut. -ei- > é > -ie-), cp. rugp. hut. Se'l-iupis, Sél-iupys p. flrn., nH, HTm. Sellite p. (^TUM0H0^ua ^Tux rugpoHuMoB go cux nop ocra-Banocb coBceM HeacHoñ, cm. Vanagas yK.con. 295) u gp.; II. rn. M-E *sel- „t.ä." + cy^. *-eu- > uM.npunar. M-E *sleu-//*slü- „Tona^uñca, cTpya^uñca; npoBopHo u uHTeHcuBHo gBuraro^uñca", a pagoM u ero BapuaHT uM.cy^. (< uM.npunar.) M-E *slei - „noToK, TeneHue" [K0HTaMUHa^ua13 Schwebeablaut'HHx ochob Ha -u u -i. no aHanoruu c M-E
13 TaKoñ Mop^onorMMecKMM ^po^ecc mö^hü apryMeHTMpoBaTb 06pa30BaTeHbH0M Mogenbro npoM3BogH^ix co 3Ha^eHMeM „cne3a", K0T0pbie, KcTaTM, go cux nop ocTaroTca 6e3 acHoñ aTMMöHörMM (cp. OacMep III 668): npacn. *sli-g-ä „cne3a" > cn. cnb3a (cooTHomeHMe -b- M -e- Henb3a o6tacHaTb nono^eHMeM ygapHocTM cnora
*slei-//*sli - u M-E *sleu-//*slü- (cm. Bbime)] > uM.npu.ar. M-E *slei-nö- „TeKy^uö" (c cy((. M-E *-nö- (cm. Meöe yK.coH. 233) — M-E *slei-nä „cnu3b", T.e. „To, hto TeHëT" (nomen actionis - cm. Meöe yK.coH. 234) ^Ta (opMa, 6e3yc.0BH0, pe(.eKTupyeT Tun nomen collectivum - ^0^T0My u aKyTupoBaHHaa .Tm. sliënas, c.-xpB. cnuna]].
B03HuKH0BeHue ceMeM „cu.a", „MG^b" u nogo6Hbix, BuguMo, cBH3aHH0 c o6pa-goBOM TpagM^MeM uHgoeBponeñ^B u noHHTuHMu pe.uruo3Horo n.aHa - „cunoro" no BepoBaHuHM Hamux npegK0B u HB.H.acb „KpoBb (®ugKocTb HenoBenecKoro u.u Te.a ®uB0THoro)" [cp. npycc. stroio „hals oder (Halsader)" E 1Q1 [<- npycc. *strujâ *„KpoBO-TeHeHue" (PEŽ IV 161); .ut. srüvis „(KpoBa)TeHeHue"] - ^T0 cBH3aHH0 u c HaugpeBHeM-muMu BepoBaHuHMu uHgoeBponeM^B, cp. o6pag nuTba KpoBu ®uB0THoro [M0®eT u He.oBeKa] u BocnpuHTua ^T0^0 KaK npuo6peTeHuH cu.bi, Hbro KpoBb nbeT, T.e. „®u3-HeHHOM cu.bi/gyxa", cp. peK0HcTpyup0BaHHHe o6pagbi MuKeHcKOM ^^^agbI u npu-huhh B03HuKH0BeHuH cocyga, ynoTpe6.ëHHoro g.a ®epTBonpuHomeHuM, puTOHa (b (opMe ronoBM ^HBOTHoro unu HenoBeKa (nogpo6Hee cm. CA 496))14.
3aKaHHuBaH Mop(onomHecKuM aHa.u3 TeoHuMa Cmpu6oa, mo®ho BbigBuHyTb ocTopo®Hoe npegno.o®eHue, hto c.0Bo(opMa Tuna karmadhâraya 6bi.a 06pa30BaHa no o6pa3y rpenecKOM Moge.u (opMupoBaHua K0Mn03uT0B cTapoc.aBHHcKoro nepuoga (nogpo6Hee cm. Xa6ypraeB yK.coH. 2Q6 g.), T.e. eë mo®ho ucTO.KOBbiBaTb KaK gpeBHe-rpenecKyro Ka.bKy uMeHu 6ora 3umhux BeTpoB Mai^áKT^í Zsùc; (e^ë cm. Hu.bccoH 1998, 11), hto nogTBep®gaeT goragKy Pbi6aK0Ba (1981, 432, 6Q3) o TpaKT0BKe ^T0^0 TeoHuMa KaK ^^MTeTa BepxoBHoro 6o®ecTBa (bo3mo®ho, nepyHa15), a TaKoe pemeHue npo6.eMH c00TBeTcTB0Ba.0 6bi uh(opMa^MM coo6^eHuH npoKonuH (nepBaa no.o-BuHa VI b.) o BocxBa.eHuu c.aBHHaMu r.aBHoro (u eguHoro, K0My ohu noK.oHH.ucb) 6o®ecTBa rpo3bi (nogpo6Hee cm. Brückner 198Q, 46) [cp. npoTuBono.o®Hoe MHeHue T.B. raMKpe.ug3e u Bhh.Bc. MBaH0B0Ba (1984, 798 g.)].
MgeHTuHHbie Mu(onoreMbi (no ceMamunecKoMy npu3HaKy (!!!), T.e. „6yp.eHue Bogbi" « „6bicTpoe TeHeHue [T.e. Boga 6yp.uT]" « „6ypa" « „BeTep" « „Buxpb" O „6or BeTpoB, 6ypb") npucy^u u g.a penuru03H0M cucTeMbi 6anTu^eB, cp. b ÂmBXMcKOû KuuMKe (nogpo6Hee 06 ^T0M ucTOHHuKe cm. Kregždys 2QQ9a, 174 T.g.) ynoMuHaro^uecfl Tpu BapuaHTa uMeHu 6ora BeTpoB u 6ypb npycc. Bardoayts, Gardoyts, Perdoyts [o noc-.egHeM e^ë cm. SRL 176 g.] npycc. *bara- „6yMcTBo; 6yp.eHue, KuneHue, npeHue" // npycc. *gara- „®apa; nap" // npycc. *pâra- „nap" + ra. -dâi- 3 sg. praet. (aor.) „ga."16 (cm.
(cp. Xa6ypraeB yK.coH. 12Q), nocKo.bKy ghg npegonpege.eHG KG.raHecTBeHHbiM HepegoBaHueM *-i- (< *-ei-) « *-ë- « *-ê-, T.e. *slei- > *sli- « *slë- « *slê- [no o6pa3y raaro.bHbix KopHeM, TaKuM 06pa30M nepegaro-^ux ceMaHTuHecKuM GTTeHGK gnuTenbHocTu u KpaTKocTu geñcTBua - nogpo6Hee cm. Xa6ypraeB yK.coH. 118]) [> pycc. cnën, cneub „cnu3b Ha pw6î" (fla.b IV 221); „TBepgaa c.u3b, KGTopoM pbi6a noKpbiBaeTca Ha 3uMy" (OacMep III 669)] + cy((. *-g- (g HëM nogpo6Hee cm. Bappoy yK.coH. 121) > pycc. cne3á, cT.c.aB. cAh3a „ôaKpuov, Op^voç"; pycc. cnm „pw6a Blennius, u3 nopogw yrpeñ" (cm. OacMep III 671); pycc. cnmb, 6.r. cnÚ3a „c.roHa" u gp. (cm. OacMep III 671 g.) // npac.. *slu-z- „c.e3a" > n.. tza „t.®." (Brückner 1957, 316), 6.r. Cbn3a (c nepecTaHGBKOM KopHeBOM Mop^eMW *cnma (cp. OacMep III 668) ~ .ut. srügis „.tohtsm" J (LKŽ) u G6pa3e^ KaHecTBeHHoro HepegoBaHua rugp. .ut. Sratgé, Straïgé p. rpK < *sroi- + cy^^. *-g-
14	no3®e 3T0T o6pag 6w. geMGHM3MpGBaH, cp. M3G6pa®eHMa gyxoB, nbro^ux KpoBb .rogeM u3 ux ®e HepenoB (AV VIII, VI 1Q, 11, 14) (nogpo6Hee cm. Macdonell 1897, 163).
15	Cp. 3aMeHaHue TonopoBa (199Q, 21): „<^> b 3aroBopax BeTep u.u 3aMecTuTe.b ^pGMGBep®^a b c.aBSHc-KGM TpagM^MM, pea^M3yro^MM ogHy u3 ero ^yHK^MM - BeaTb BeTpaMu <^>".
16	flurpa^ -oa- mo®ho o6tacH3Tb gBoaKo: 1) KaK pe^.eKcuro o6neHeHHGro ygapeHua BTopuHHoro gu^TOHra -ai- (cm. Mažiulis 197Q, 13) - ceKyHgapHbiM gu^TOHr -ai- npegcTaB.aeT co6om coeguHeHue npycc. dâ- u cy(^.*-îâ- (aor.) (cp. Mažiulis 2QQ4, 82); 2) KaK rpa^uHecKyro nepegaHy npycc. ö /a/ [npycc. *dâ- < *dö- (PEŽ
Maziulis 2004, 82) [cp. npycc. dayts „t.ä." II 136 [1321]] + cy^^. -ti-17 (o HeM cm. Skardzius yK.coM. 326 T.g.) (~ npycc. dät „gaTb" III 8912 u gp. (cm. PEZ I 180)), T.e. mo^ho B0ccTaH0-BMTb TeoHUMH: 3an.6anT. *Bar-däitis, *Gar-däitis, *Pär-däitis *„tot, KOTopHM 3acTaBHHeT [Bogy] 6ypnuTb, KuneTb, 6yficTB0BaTb" — *„tot, KOTopHM nogHMMaeT 6ypro" = *„6or 6ypu" (nogpo6Hee 06 ^TUM0^0^UU ^TUx Te0HUM0B cm. Kregzdys 2008, 79 T.g.), cp. ugeH-TMHHyro Mogenb K0Mn03UTa18, nepBHM K0Mn0HeHT KOToporo Bbipa:«eH cy6cTaHTUB0M, a BTopoö - cy6cTaHTUBup0BaHH0M rnaronbHOM ^opMoß, T.e. hut. Bang-pütys „6or bo-gaHoro npocTpaHcTBa; M0pcK0M BeTep", npycc. Bangputtis „6or BeTpa u bohh" < npycc. *bang- „BOHHa" + *püt- „(no)gyn" (nogpo6Hee o hux cm. I 192 g.; PEZ I 133) > hut. pütis „gyHOBeHue, BeaHue" J, Zem ~ pütis „B3gox" Ml (LKZ).
BecbMa Ba^HO, mto b onucaHuu npycc. Bardoayts (Gardoyts, Perdoyts) mo^ho yc-MOTpeTb pe^neKcbi Tex caMbix ^yH^uö, K0T0pbie npunucHBaeTca CTpu6ory b gpeBHe-pyccKOM ^^oce Cnoeo o nonKy Maopeee, T.e. ohu 06a hb^hmtch noBenuTenaMU BeTpoB: Dieser gott wirdt geehret alleine von denen, die da schiffen Im Mehre oder Sehe. Sie glauben, ein grosser Engel stehe auf dem Mehr. Wo der sich hinkeret, da blest er die Schiffe vmb, das sie mit seinem zorn vntergehen. (BRMS II 134), T.e. ,3toto 6ora npocnaBnaroT numb Te, KOTOpbie nnaBaroT no Mopro. Ohu BepaT, mto oh npegcTaBHaeT co6om 6onbmoro aHre-na, cTOH^ero b Mope. B K0T0pyro cTopoHy oh noBopanuBaeTca, TaM oh onpoKugHBaeT BeTpoM19 [cp. HeM. umblasen „cgyBaTb, onpoKugHBaTb (BeTpoM)" (HPC 868)] cygHa, K0T0pHe u3-3a ero rHeBa TOHyT" [HecKOHbKO gpyroe ucTOHKOBaHue HeMe^oro TeKcTa npegcTaBneHO b BRMS II 149, rge He aK^HTupyeTca cnoco6 u opygue geöcTBua 6o^ec-TBa - BeTep. ^T0 npuBoguT k noaBHeHuro bchkoto poga nceBgoHay^Hbix runoTe3, hko-6h caMO 60^ecTB0 HBHHeTcH BeTpoM (cp. Narbutas 1998, 30 - nogpo6Hee cm. Kregzdys 2008, 87), xoth u aTpu6yTuKa, u BHemHUM o6huk, u uepapxunecKoe nono^eHue 6ora, a TaK^e MecTO u oco6eHHocTu npoBegeHua o6pagoB b ero necTb cBugeTenbcreyroT o co-OTHeceHuu o6pa3a 6anTußcKoro noBenuTena BeTpoB c raaBHHM 60^ecTB0M 6anTußcK0-ro naHTeoHa nepKyHacoM [= Parkuns b ÄmexMCKoü KHUMKe] (nogpo6Hee cm. Kregzdys 2008, 98 T.g.) - TaKaa runoTe3a nogTBep^gaeTca u cooTBeTcreyro^UM cooTHomeHueM CTpu6ora u nepyHa (cm. ganbme)].
OcHOBHBaacb Ha gaHHOM nuHrBucrunecKOM u MU^onornnecKOM MaTepuane 6an-tumckux nneMeH, a TaK^e Ha BecbMa Ba^HOM UH^opMa^uu Cnoea o nonKy Maopeee, T.e. onpegeneHuu CTpu6ora KaK BnagbiKU BeTpoB (CnM 82), He06x0guM0 ycoMHUTbca b uctuhhoctu runoTe3 Tex uccnegoBaTeneö, K0T0pHe b crarc pluralis poeticus OTBepra-roT nognuHHocTb UH^opMa^uu HauBa^Heömux uctomhukob cnaBHHcKOM Kynbrypbi (u
I 181)] hcm^kmmm nuc^MM (nogpo6Hee cm. Ziesemer 1924, 122), nocKcwibKy MecTO commhchmh SmsxMCKoü khumku HeM3BecTHö (cm. Kregzdys 2009a, 180 g.).
17	npMcyTcTBMe MögenM nomen agentis ^opMupoBaHMM gaHHoro cy^^UKca nogTBep^gaeTca mm. cy^. (nomen agentis) hmt. jotis „BcagHUK" RZ, Dt, A 1884, 25, Bs, Vd (LKZ).
18	TaKue K0Mn03MTH BecbMa MacTO BcTpe^aroTca b nucbMeHHbix naMHTHUKax npyccKoro a3HKa, cp. npycc. pe-lemaygis „Rötelweihe" E 712 < npycc. *pele- „Mbimb" + *-maigis ra. npycc. *meig- „(y)6uTb, ygapuTb" (PEZ III 249 g.) [~ BocT.6anT. praes. - praet. - inf. *meig- (PEZ II 46)]; e^e cp. cno^Hbie cnoBa Tuna tatpurusa, BTopaa MacTb kotophx Mop^onoru^ecKM cooTHocuMa co cTpyKTypoM BToporo KOMnoHeHTa aHanu3upye-Moro TeoHUMa: npycc. wissaseydis „btophmk" E 19 < npycc. *visa- „Bce" + sedis „npe6biBaHue (cugeHue)" < *„npe6HBaHue Bcex" < ra. (praet.) *sed- „cugeTb" (PEZ IV 110, 251).
19	Cp. MH^opMa^MK> 6onee no3gHero BapuaHTa K (o HeM nogpo6Hee cm. Kregzdys 2009 , 177) pyKonucHoro TeKcTa SmsxMCKoü khumku: „<...> wo sich der hinkeret, do blest er den wint hin von sich wenn er zornig ist <...>" (BRMS II 134), T.e. „b K0T0pyro cTopoHy oh noBopaMMBaeTca, b tom HanpaBneHMM, ecnu oh rHeBHUB, gyeT BeTep" (cp. BRMS II 149).
gyxoBHoñ, b tom HucHe), nponoBegyH ceKyHflpu30BaHHbiM u gHH uccHegoBaHUH cHaBHH-ckom peHuruu coBceM HenpueMHeMHM MeTog o6,bflcHeHMfl MU^OHoreM Hepe3 npu3My C0^MaHbH0^0 geHeHUH nHeMeHu (cp. MapTHHOB yK.coH. 71 [u HMTepaTypy] - nepBHM TaKoe TOHKOBaHue MH^opMa^MM ^T0^0 ucTOHHUKa npegH0®UH Ahmhkob, a mm nocHego-BaH BproKHep (nogpo6Hee cm. Brückner 198Q, 163)). TaKOM cnoco6 pemeHUH npo6HeM peKOHcTpy^uu cHaBHHcKOM 06pHg0B0M m peHuru03H0M cucTeM ucKa®aeT o6^ue Hep-TH nocTpoeHUH M-E naHTeoHa: ynoMMHaHue CTpHEOœH bhyöh HeHb3H U3,bflcHflTb KaK BoeHHyro gpy®uHy (cm. MapTHHOB t.®.), nocKOHbKy u b 6aHTUMcK0M (cm. BHme), u b MHguMcKOM MM^OHoruHecKOM cucTeMe 6or BeTpoB He ABHaeTca geñcTByro^MM aBTO-HOMHO, ho Bcerga b c0np0B0®geHuu BepxoBHoro 6ora - MHgpH RV X 22, 4-5 (MC 118) (e^ë cm. Macdonell 1897, 56), T.e. no ^pMH^M^y nepB00HepëgH0cTM b uepapxuHecKOM 3BeHe ypaHucTMHecKux 6oroB raaBeHcTByro^UM 60®ecTB0M HBHAeTca 6or rpo3H (6aHT. nepKonc, cHaB. nepyn), a Humb noTOM cHegyeT Bce gpyrue, HaxogH^ueca b ero nogHU-HeHuu, T.e. 6or BeTpoB [HaBepHHKa ^T0 ^^MTeT Toro ®e caMoro 6ora rpo3H, b no3gHUM nepuog npuo6peTmero OTgeHbHHM o6hmk, KyHbT KOToporo b cBoro OHepegb cBH3aH c 6oroM He6a (cm. gaHbme)], ero cHHOBbH - Buxpu (!!!), cp. reHeTMHecKyro u ^yH^uo-HaHbHyro cBH3b Me®gy ypaHucTUHecKUMM 6o®ecTBaMu gpeBHeuHguMcKoro naHTeoHa: Dyauh „cBeTH^eeca gHeBHoe He6o; geHb" - oh BHUHeT Ha Be^eTa^Mro pacreHUM [nyTëM go^ga], Ha noHBHeHue noTOMcTBa ®mbothhx [c He6a nagaeT ^Mponogo6HbiM go^gb], Ha po®geHue (6oroB u) Hrogeñ [nyTëM MegoBoro go^ga] (nogpo6Hee cm. MC 2Q1) [b hmtobckom TpagM^MM eMy cooTBeTcTByeT Auxteias Vissaglstis (< *Visaglvastis „6o®ecT-Bo, garo^ee BceM u BceMy ®U3HeHHyro cuHy" c a6cop6^MeM KopHeBoro -va- (nogpo6Hee cm. Kper®guc 2QQ9, 28Q)), ynoMHHyTHM b coHUHeHuu .HacM^oro (o npo6HeMaTUKe ^TMM0H0^M3a^MM TeoHMMOB, ynoMHHyTHx b ^T0M ucTOHHMKe, cm. Kregždys 2Q1Q, 51 g.), KOTopHM b tom ®e ucTOHHMKe UMeHyeTcH u TeoHMMOM Tavvals „6or HacHegyeMoro cKap-6a [T.e. BHcmee 60®ecTB0, npegocraBHHro^ee HeHOBeKy ygaHy Î cKap6 [u HacHegcTBeH-hhm]: ceMeHa pacreHUM (gHH noceBa u nponuTaHua), ®mbothhx, noTOMKu (Hrogeñ)]" (e^ë cm. Kper®guc 2QQ9, 285 [46 cHocKy]], KOTopHM b cBoro OHepegb reHeTUHecKU cbh-3aH c 6oroM cohh^ Suryah, poguBmeMycH U3 Mëga (RV X 37, 1, 5, 7), u 6o®ecTBeHHHM HanuTKOM (b nocHegcTBMM u HyHoñ) Sómah (BHacTeHUH Mupa u 6oroB - RV IX 42, 2; 65, 2) - TaKoe cooTHomeHue pe^HeKTupyeT KOHBepreHTHHM npo^cc coHHpHoro u HyHap-Horo KyHbTOB (cp. M3MeHeHue 300M0p^H0r0 o6HMKa Dyauh} : 6mk (RV I 16Q, 3; V 36, 5; 58, 6) [cmmboh HyHbi] ^epe6e^ (RV X 68, 11) [cmmboh cohh^] (cm. Kper®guc yK.coH 265, 278 g.) -, ^yH^uu KOToporo b nocHegcTBMM nepeHHHO HOBoe rHaBHoe ypaHuc-TMHecKoe 60®ecTB0 rpo3H, a BnocHegcTBUu u He6ecHoro npocTpaHcTBa, Indrah (hut. Perkunas, ch. nepyn) [no ^T0M ®e npuHUHe npuxoguTbcH coraacuTbca c yTBep®geHueM C. floBKaHTa, HTO hut. Tavalas - ^T0 ^^MTeT nepyHa (cm. LM I 149 g.)], n0B03Ky KOTopo-ro Bcerga c0np0B0®gaeT 60®ecTB0 BeTpa u B03gyxa Väyúh (mhm Vätah = hut. Véjópatis „rocnoguH BeTpa" (cm. MC 12Q; LKŽ)), HBHHro^uñcH KaK 6h cBH3HBaro^UM 3BeH0M Me®gy Dyauh u Indrah, cp. T0®gecTBeHH0cTb ux ^yH^uñ: npegonpegeHHeT po®geHue cHHa, nHogoTBopHocTb cKOTa u yBeHMHeHue cKap6a; b ero pacnopH®eHUu HaxoguTcH go®gb (RV VII 4Q, 6), 6ypH u rpo3a (RV IV 17, 12; V 83, 4; X 168, 1-2) (nogpo6Hee cm. MC 118).
Bce ^TM 6o®ecTBa coothocmmh gpyr c gpyroM no TaKOMy uepapxuHecKOMy 3BeHy: I. Dyauh $ Suryah Î Sómah (cm. Macdonell 1897, 8, 21, 57, 61 g., 126, 128, 169) ~ II. Indrah III. Väyuh (mhm Vätah) [B3auMocBH3b Me®gy II u III 3BeHbHMU MU^OHoru-
qecKux 06pa30B b nnaHe 6anTußcKoro MaTepuana (T.e. nuT. Bangputys „6or BogHHoro npocTpaHCTBa; MopcKoß BeTep", npycc. Bangputtis „6or BeTpa u BonH" (nogpo6Hee o hux cm. M I 192 g.; PEŽ I 133) nuT. Véjópatis „rocnoguH BeTpa") oroBopeHa Bhh.Bc. MBaHOBbiM u B.H. TonopoBHM (1983, 182); b nnaHe uHgo-upaHCKoro - A. MaKgoHen-noM (Macdonell yK.coH. 82, 106, 126, 128)]. MMeH b Bugy BTopuHHocTb uepapxuHecKo-ro nono®eHuH MHgpbi, ero b nepBoß oHepegu conocTaBunu c Dyauh, a ero noTOMKOB Marútah (no gpyroß Bepcuu, ohu ABnaroTCH cbiHOBbHMu Pygpbi (cm. MC 343) - Buxpeß, go Toro 3aHuMaBmux BTopoe uepapxuHecKoe nono®eHue nocne Dyauh (KaK ero noTOM-KOB - cm. MC 201; emë cp. aTpu6yTuKy MápyTOB - noT (T.e. Boga), ®up, Mëg, MonoKo (cm. MC 343), To®gecTBeHHyro cuMBonuKe Dyauh (cm. Bbime)), npu penumo3Hoß pe-^opMe npeTepneBmux ge^paga^Mro, cTanu BocnpuHuMaTb KaK nogquHëHHbix MHgpbi (cp. ^^MTeT MHgpbi Marutpatih „noBenuTenb MápyTOB") (cm. Macdonell yK.coH. 57, 60, 110, 126), T.e. ohu cTanu BocnpuHuMaTbCH KaK TpeTbe kotoho 6oroB, T.e. ABnaroTCH BHynaTa Dyauh u cooTBeTCTBeHHo MHgpbi (!!!). B cnaBHHCKoß ®e TpagM^MM, KaK u b 6anTußcKoß, BeTpa To®e HaxogHTCH b pacnopH®eHuu rnaBHoro 6o®ecTBa He6ecHoro npocTpaHCTBa u rpoMa, ^0^T0My ux uMeHOBaHue [b B0CT0HH0cnaBflHCK0ß TpagM^MM] CTpHKOœH bhyöh HBnHeTCH He ranaKCoM, KOTopoe Hy®H0 o6^HCHHTb nyTëM co^ManM-3a^MM Mu^onorunecKux 06pa30B (T.e. u3^HCHHTb ero KaK MeTOHuMuHecKoe HauMeHo-BaHue Boopy®ëHHoro oTpaga), KaK npegnonaraeT MapTbiHOB [u gpyrue uccnegoBaTenu] (cm. Bbime), a M-E 3aK0H0MepH0CTbro, 0Tpa®aromyro nocTpoeHue naHTeoHa uHgoeB-poneß^B BpeMëH nneMeHHoß o6mHocTu. n^TOMy MH^opMa^MH ucTOHHuKa boctoh-HocnaBHHCKoß nucbMeHHocTu Cnoeo o nonKy Maopeee gon®Ha BocnpuHuMaTbCH KaK ayTeHTunecKaa u pe^neKTupyromaa Mu^onorunecKue apxau3Mbi 6anTo-cnaBHHCKoro nepuoga KynbTypHoß (a M0®eT u nneMeHHoß) o6mHocTu [npoTuBonono®Hyro runo-Te3y BHCKa3an BproKHep (Brückner 1980, 166)], cp. onpegeneHue ^yH^uß CTpu6ora KaK 6o®ecTBa He6a, BO3gyxa, BeTpa b ucTOHHuKe cnaBHHCKoß nucbMeHHocTu „CnoBo MoaHHa 3naToycToro ... KaKo nepBoe noraHuu BepoBanu b ugonbi u Tpe6bi um Knanu..." (nogpo6Hee cm. TanbKOBCKuß 1916, 60; Pbi6aKOB 1981, 454; ^muh^ih yK.coH. 41; 06 ucTOHHuKe nogpo6Hee cm. .P.fl IV (3) 97 T.g., 102, 107).
BbiBogbi:
1)	TeoHuM Cmpuóoa pe^neKTupyeT K0Mn03uT Tuna karmadhäraya c MeTaTe3oß Mop^oTaKTunecKoro xapaKTepa, onpegemHHoß ^eHOMeHOM Ta6y: ct. pycc. Cmpu-6oa/b
*Cupmb [aHarpaMMunecKoe pacnpegeneHuH ochobh O pycc. (apx.) cupmb „Bogo-Boporb, Bup^, Bbipb, nyquHa, BÓgoKpyT"] + pycc. 6oz „TBope^ co3gaTenb, Bcegep®u-Tenb".
2)	Bo3mo®ho, hto BO3HuKHOBeHue Mop^onoruHecKoß cTpyKTypH TeoHuMa npe-gonpegeneHo rpeHecKoß Mogenbro 06pa30BaHuH KOMno3utob cTapocnaBHHCKoro nepuoga, T.e. 0Ha Mo®eT uHTepnpeTupoBaTbCH KaK gpeBHerpeHecKaH KanbKa uMeHu 6ora 3umhux BeTpoB Mai^áKTr|c; Zsùç
3)	Mmh 6ora M0®eT 6biTb pac^HuBaeMo KaK ^^MTeT BepxoBHoro 6o®ecTBa (bo3-mo®ho, nepyHa).
4)	Mu^onoreMa „6or BeTpoB, 6ypb" npucyma u gnH penuruo3Hoß cucTeMbi 6an-Tuß^B: npyccKuß TeoHuM Bardoayts (u ero BapuaHTbi Gardoyts, Perdoyts) coothocum c 06pa30M rnaBHoro 6o®ecTBa 6anTußcKoro naHTeoHa - 6oroM rpo3H nepKyHacoM.
CoKpa^eHHa
AV - AtharvavedaSamhitä.
Benveniste I-II - Benveniste E. Le vocabulaire des institutions indo-européennes, p. 1-2, Paris, 1969.
BRMŠ I-IV - Balty religijos ir mitologijos šaltiniai. Sudarè Norbertas Vèlius. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedij^ leidykla (t. 1-2), Mokslo ir enciklopedij^ leidybos institutas (t. 3-4), 1996-2005.
IEW - Pokorny J. Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, I-II, Bern und München, 1959-1969.
Karulis I-II - Karulis K. Latviešu etimologijas värdnlca (s. 1-2), Riga: Avots, 1992.
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LKŽK - KapTOTeKa cnoBapa nMTOBCKoro œbiKa, xpaHH^aacfl b MHCTMTyTe nMTOBCKoro
A3bIKa B BunbHroce
LM I-III - Lietuviy mitologija, 1-3, Vilnius: Mintis, 1995-2003.
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RV - RgvedaSamhitä.
SRL - Scriptores rerum Lusaticarum II, Lipsiœ et Budiflk, 1719.
flanb I-IV - flanb B., Tohkobuü cnoBapb mubozo BenuKopyccKozo x3UKa, 1-4, MocKBa: PyccKMM A3biK, 1989-1991.
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MC - MufonoaunecKuü cnoBapb, MocKBa: CoBeTCKaa ^H^MK^o^egMfl, 1990.
HPC - Heue^o-pyccKuü cnoBapb (aBTopbi: K. .eMH u gp.), MocKBa: „PyccKMM h3hk", 1992.
nCP. I - nonHoe co6paHue pyccKux nemonuceü I. HaBpeHmbeBcKax nemonucb, MocKBa, 1962.
nCP. II - nonHoe co6paHue pyccKux nemonuceü II. MnaTbeBcKaa neTonucb, MocKBa, 1962.
M I-V - TonopoB B. H. npyccKuü x3uk: CnoBapb I-V, MocKBa: HayKa, 1975-1998.
CA - CnoBapb aHmuHHocmu, MocKBa: nporpecc, 1992.
CM - CnoBeHcKa Mumonoauja. EH^MK^o^egMjcKM pe^HUK. Peg. C.M. ToncToj, PageHKoBuh, Beograd: Zepter book world, 2001.
CM1 - CnaBxrnKax Mufionozux. ^H^MK^o^egMHecKMM cnoBapb, MocKBa: „Me^gyHa-pogHbie oTHomeHMH", 2002.
CnM - Cn0B0 o nonKy MaopeBe, MocKBa, 1950.
$acMep 0CP.3) I-IV - M. ^acMep. ^muMono^u^ecKuü cnoBapb pyccKoao x3UKa, t. 1-4, MocKBa: nporpecc, 1986-1987.
Bpc - Bpacjayfl (Pecny6jMKa Bejapycb) BapH - BapHHM (TfljbmflöcKMM p-oH) BgK - BugyKje (PaceMHflöcKMM p-oH) rpK - rupKajbHuc (PaceMHflöcKMM p-oH) rpHK - rpUHKMmKUc (PagBMJUmcKMM p-oH) flrj - flayraÖJHÖ (yTHHcKMÖ p-oH) flc - flyc^Toc (3apacaöcKMM p-oH) ^ra - ^aörMHuc (PaceMHflöcKMM p-oH) nH - naHeBe^uc
nHg - naHgejuc (PoKumK^öcKMö p-oH) nHc - nyHcKac (Pecny6jMKa nojbma) Pc - PaceÖHHM
Cpö - CeöpuHM (^a3guHcKMM p-oH) lqbhh - fflBHHHëHMc ffijHH - LQajHMHMHKaM
[gpyrue coKpa^eHMH Ha3BaHMÖ MecTHocreö u nucbMeHHHx mctohhmkob KaK b LKZ (cm.
www.lkz.lt/dzl.php?11)] inf. - jaT. (modus) infinitivus (HeonpegejëHHoe HaKjoHeHue) imperat. - jaT. (modus) imperativus (noBejMTejbHoe HaKjoHeHue) praet. - jaT. (tempus) praeteritum (npomegmee BpeMfl) rugp.- rugpoHMM gpB. - gepeBHH j. - jy^a jr. - jyr o3. - o3epo p. - peKa Ton. -TonoHMM
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Eastern Slavic Gods of Kiev Russia: Stribog (comparative analysis of the Slavic and Baltic mythological data)
Rolandas Kregzdys
The theonym Stribog appertains to Kiev Russia or the so-called Vladimir pantheon. It is mentioned in the most ancient and significant sources of Slavic mythology and religion (Nestor's chronicle transcriptions; epos Slovo o polku Igoreve). There are many ways of god's name etymological ascribings, equally brief nascency theories.
Being based on the linguistic analysis carried out on the deity name, it is possible to assert that it reflects morphotactical metathesis, determined by taboo phenomenon: ORuss. Cmpu-6o^^¡ [*C-mp-u- *-bmpuC\<-*Cupmb-6o^^¡ [anagramal distribution of the stem with metathesis of the initial C- because of the cluster TPMC- O Russ. (archaism) cupmb "whirlpool, abyss, nix etc." absence in the Eastern Slavic phonotactical system, i.e. the first component of a karmadharaya composite reflects component transposition of the radical syllable [a type of morphotactical rearrangements].
The reconstructed compound of karmadharaya type, datable approximately to the Old Slavonic period, was formed on an image of the Greek composites formation model, i.e. it reflects an ancient Greek loan-translation of the winter winds god name Mai^aKTri; Zsuc;, that confirms Rybakov's guess about the construction of the theonym as an epithet of the Supreme deity (probably, The Thunderer - nepyHh). Such a solution of the problem would fit Procopius' (first half of the 6th century) information about the existence of the main Slavic thunder-storm deity (and the one to whom they worshipped) cult.
Being based on the analysis of the Baltic and Slavic linguistic and mythological equivalents, and also on rather important information of the Eastern Slavic epos Slovo o polku Igoreve, i.e. Stribog's definition as a lord of winds, mythologeme CTpHEOXH bhyuh "Stribog's grandsons" can not be interpreted as "a military team", as both in Baltic and Indian mythological systems the god of winds does not act on his own, but always in tail with the supreme god - indrah, i.e. by the principle of the hierarchical position of the celestial gods a predominating deity place pertains to the thunder-storm god (Balt. Perkunas, Perkons, Percunis, Slav. nepyu), and only then follow all others, taking place in his submission, i.e. the god of winds [for certain it is an epithet of the same thunder-storm god, afterwards got a separate shape whose cult in turn is connected with the god of the sky\, his sons - whirlwinds (!!!) etc.