122 arhitektov bilten • architect's bulletin • 224 • 225 • 226 • 227 Arhitektura. Skulptura. Spomin. / Architecture. Sculpture. Remembrance. Spomenik revolucije ljudstva Moslavine • Podgarić, Hrvaška • Kipar: Dušan Džamonja • Arhitekt: Vladimir Veličković • Material: beton, aluminij • Fotografije: Roberto Conte • Besedilo: Sanja Horvatinčić Memorial to the Revolution of the people of Moslavina • Podgarić, Croatia • Sculptor: Dušan Džamonja • Architect: Vladimir Veličković • Material: concrete, aluminium • Photographs: Roberto Conte • Text: Sanja Horvatinčić 14_ MOSLAVINA, PODGARIĆ, 1965 Dušan Džamonja, Vladimir Veličković HRV 123arhitektov bilten • architect's bulletin • 224 • 225 • 226 • 227 razstava / exhibition Leta 1965 je združenje partizanskih veteranov za obeležitev obletnice protifaši- stične vstaje in revolucionarnega boja v Moslavini kiparju Dušanu Džamonji naro- čilo zasnovo spomenika. Vas Podgarić z okolico je bila od leta 1942 osvobojeno ozemlje in pomembna utrdba, v kateri so bile partizanske vojaške baze, bolnišnice in štabi. Naročilo je bilo za že priznanega jugoslovanskega kiparja velik strokovni izziv, saj je bil to njegov prvi projekt, ki ni obeleževal spomina na žrtve, pač pa slavil zmago in revolucijo: »Dobri dve leti sem se ukvarjal s številnimi študijami in skicami, ki so mi kasneje pomagale tudi pri drugih večjih spomenikih. Spomenik sem si zamislil kot arhitekturni projekt, skulpturo s težkimi soodvisnimi betonski- mi volumni, ki bi nakazovali dinamično gibanje množic. Porodila se mi je tudi ideja o v spomenik vgrajenem emblemu, ki naj bi izstopal. Kovina se mi je v kombinaci- ji z grobim betonom zdela najboljša izbira. Emblem je simboličen prikaz enotnosti, zato sem v krog postavil velike kovinske plošče, katerih površina je bila oblikovana s kladivom.« Do spominskega kompleksa, ki stoji na majhnem griču nad slikovito vasjo, vodi ozka cesta. Zaključi jo planota, zasnovana za večje komemoracije. Od tam obiskovalci vstopijo skozi masiven betonski portal na ravno pot do monumen- talne betonske skulpture. Ob ozki poti, ki je bila prvotno obarvana rdeče, stojijo štirje simetrično postavljeni nagrobniki, prekriti z zeleno travo. Označujejo kostni- co 900 padlih partizanov. To je bil Džamonjev prvi obsežnejši realizirani projekt. Kmalu so mu sledili še številni pomembni spominski (Kozara, Barletta ...) in nagra- jeni javni natečajni projekti. Pri pričujočem projektu ima pomembno vlogo tudi krajinska zasnova; nastala je v sodelovanju z arhitektom in mednarodno uveljavlje- nim slikarjem Vladimirjem Veličkovićem iz arhitekturnega biroja Rašica. Načrtova- nje spominskega območja je pripomoglo tudi k zgraditvi okoliške turistične infra- strukture – umetnega jezera, restavracije in asfaltne ceste. In 1965, the Union of Partisan Veterans for the Commemoration of the Anniver- sary of the Antifascist Uprising and the Revolutionary Struggle of Moslavina com- missioned the monument’s design directly from sculptor Dušan Džamonja. From 1942, village Podgarić and its vicinity was liberated territory and an important stronghold with Partisan military bases, hospitals, and headquarters. The com- mission was a major professional challenge for the then already acclaimed Yugo- slav sculptor as it was to be his first project which did not commemorate the memory of the victims but celebrated victory and the Revolution: “I spent a good two years working on a large number of exercises and sketches, which later helped me also with other large-scale monuments. I envisaged the monument as an architectural project, a sculpture with heavy interdependent concrete volumes which were to signify the dynamic movement of the masses. The idea for the emblem, installed in the monument and standing out, also came to me. Metal in combination with rough concrete seemed like the best choice. The emblem is a symbolic depiction of unity, which is why I used large metal plates, whose sur- faces were forged with a hammer, placed in a circle.” A narrow road leads to the memorial complex on a small hill above the picturesque village, terminating in a plateau designed for large commemorative events. From there, the visitors enter through a massive concrete portal and take a straight path to the monumental concrete sculpture. The narrow path, which was originally red in colour, is flanked on both sides by four symmetrically placed mounds covered in green grass mark- ing the ossuary of 900 killed Partisans. This was Džamonja’s first realised major project. It was soon followed by others (Kozara, Barletta, etc.), together with prizes in public competitions. The landscape design, which was created in collabo- ration with architect and internationally renowned painter Vladimir Veličković from architectural office Rašica, plays an important role in the project. The design of the memorial area contributed to the development of tourist infrastructure – an artificial lake, a restaurant, and a paved road.