146 arhitektov bilten • architect's bulletin • 224 • 225 • 226 • 227 Arhitektura. Skulptura. Spomin. / Architecture. Sculpture. Remembrance. 26_ DUDIK, VUKOVAR, 1980 Bogdan Bogdanović HRV Spominski park Dudik • Vukovar, Hrvaška • Arhitekt: Bogdan Bogdanović • Material: kamen, les, baker • Fotografije: Roberto Conte, Olja Triaška Stefanović • Besedilo: Urša Komac Memorial park Dudik • Vukovar, Croatia • Architect: Bogdan Bogdanović • Material: stone, wood, copper • Photographs: Roberto Conte, Olja Triaška Stefanović • Text: Urša Komac 147arhitektov bilten • architect's bulletin • 224 • 225 • 226 • 227 razstava / exhibition Biseri za svinje 1978–1980 V nasadu murv v Vukovarju na Hrvaškem je zgrajen spomenik žrtvam fašizma. 1989 Bogdanović prejme nagrado piranesi. 1991 Spomenik med bitko pri Vukovarju poškoduje Jugoslovanska ljudska armada, ki jo podpirajo različne paravojaške sile iz Srbije. Med zadnjo vojno na Balkanu je območje minirano. 2009 Vukovarske mestne oblasti območje spomenika namenijo za nogometno igrišče. 2015–2016 Ministrstvo za kulturo Republike Hrvaške spomenik prenovi. Nekaj dreves posekajo. Bogdan Bogdanović je svoja arhitekturna dela pogosto risal kot ruševine. Zanj je bila to intelektualna igra, ki se je kasneje izkazala za vizionarsko. Kot predavatelj zgodovine urbanizma je študente učil, da bo vsako mesto sčasoma postalo ruševi- na. Vukovarske stožce je risal kot vrhove pokopanega gotskega mesta. Nekaj let pred vojno na Balkanu je bila na naslovnici slovenske arhitekturne revije Arhitek- tov bilten prikazana fotomontaža z Bogdanovićevo skico v rdečem črnilu, naka- pljano na črno-belo sliko spomenika. Skica je narejena iz madežev in kapljic. Daje vtis, da spomenik krvavi. Vukovarski spomenik so pripadniki paravojaških sil iz Srbije v zadnji balkanski vojni močno poškodovali. Zdi se, da niso vedeli, da je to spomenik žrtvam, ki so jih ubili ustaši. Na petih stožcih, ki so bili prvotno visoki 18 metrov, so poškodovali leseno konstrukcijo in bakreno kritino. Lokalni odbor zara- di strahu pred minami po vojni dolgo ni dovolil dostopa na območje, prav tako tam niso kosili trave. Ko se je Bogdanović spominjal svojih domišljijskih risb, s ka- terimi je zabaval študente, ga je prevzela tesnoba. Vzpon in padec civilizacij je razlagal z bojem med tistimi, ki znajo ceniti mesto, in tistimi, ki ga, polni sovraštva, obredno uničujejo. Misel je lepo opisal v svojem znamenitem eseju Ritualno ubi- janje mesta, ki je izšel v njegovi knjigi Mesto in Smrt. Spomenik je Ministrstvo za kulturo Republike Hrvaške nedavno obnovilo. Območje parka danes z vseh strani obdajajo na novo zgrajene prostostoječe hiše. Pearls before swine, or Paths of shared nightmares 1978–80 The memorial for victims of fascism is built in a mulberry grove in Vukovar, Croatia. 1989 Bogdanović receives the Piranesi award. 1991 The monument is damaged during the battle of Vukovar by Yugoslav People’s Army supported by various paramilitary forces from Serbia. After the war, landmines are laid in the area. 2009 Vukovar city authorities are using the monument as a football pitch. 2015–16 The Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Croatia renovates the monument. Some of the trees are cut down. Bogdanović often drew his architectural works as ruins, an intellectual game which later proved visionary. A lecturer in the history of urbanism, he taught his students that every city would in due time become a ruin. He envisioned the cones of Vuko- var as the peaks of a buried Gothic city. A few years before the war in the Balkans, the front page of Slovene architecture magazine Arhitektov bilten (Architect’s Bul- letin) showed a montage of Bogdanović’s sketch in red ink placed on a black and white photograph of the monument. The sketch is made with stains and drops. It gives the impression that the monument is bleeding. The Vukovar monument was actually damaged during the Balkan war by the members of a Serbian militia. They did not know that this is a monument to victims killed by the Ustaše. They destroyed some timber and copper on the five cones which originally measured 18 m in height. For a long time, the local board would not mow the grass there for fear of landmines. When Bogdanović talked about misery, he became somewhat despondent and recalled the idea which he kept repeating to his students. The rise and fall of civilisations is explained by the struggle between those who are able to appreciate the city, and those who, full of hatred, want to bury it in the ritualistic manner. His treatment of this idea is found in his famous essay Ritualno ubijanje mesta (“The Ritual Killing of a City”). The monument was recently reno- vated by the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Croatia. Today, a sprawling suburb is advancing across the area.