SCOPOLIA No98:1–224(2020) Jumping Plant-lice of Slovenia (Insecta: Hemiptera: Psylloidea) Bolšice Slovenije(Insecta: Hemiptera: Psylloidea) Gabrijel SELJAK1 Abstract A complete faunistic overview of psyllids recorded in Slovenia is presented. Altogether, 129 species are listed: Aphalaridae – 18, Calophyidae – 1, Homotomidae – 1, Liviidae – 12, Psyllidae –50,and Triozide –47species. Eighteen speciesrecorded in Slovenia arelisted here forthefirsttime.HistoricalrecordsforthespeciesCacopsylla parvipennis, Bactericera perrisii and T. viridula could not have been confirmed recently, hence their occurrence in Slovenia is doubtful.PreviouslypublishedrecordsofTrioza kiefferi asthecausalagentofgallsonleavesof Rhamnus alpinus subsp. fallax are shown here to be erroneous and concernthe eriophyid mite Calepitrimerus rhamni. Provided herewith are distribution maps for all species, colour photo­graphsofvariousdevelopmentalstagesformostspeciesaswellasoftheirhostplants. Key words: Insecta,Hemiptera,Psylloidea,Slovenia,faunistics Izvleček Napravljen je celosten favnistični pregled bolšic Slovenije, skupaj 129 vrst: Aphalaridae – 18, Calophyidae – 1, Homotomidae – 1, Liviidae – 12 , Psyllidae – 50 in Triozide – 47 vrst. Osemnajst vrst jetu za Slovenijozabeleženih prvič. Zgodovinskih navedb za vrste Cacopsylla parvipennis, Bactericera perrisii in T. viridula poznejenibilomogočevečpotrditiinjenjihovo pojavljanjevSlovenijivprašljivo.VpreteklostiobjavljenenavedbevrsteTrioza kiefferi kotpov­zročitelja šišk na kranjski kozji češnji (Rhamnus alpinus subsp. fallax) so bile napačne in se nanašajo na pršico šiškarico Calepitrimerus rhamni. Za vse obravnavane vrste so napravljene karterazširjenosti ter barvne fotografije različnih razvojnih stopenj za večino vrst ter njihovih gostiteljev. Ključne besede: Insecta,Hemiptera,Psylloidea,Slovenija,favnistika 1 Kromberškacesta8,SI-5000NovaGorica;gabrijel.seljak@gmail.com SCOPOLIANo98–2020 Vsebina / Contents Introduction ......................................................................7 Biology............................................................................7 Economic importance.............................................................8 Historical overview of studies on jumping plant-lice in Slovenia..................9 Materials and methods ..........................................................10 List of species ....................................................................12 APHALARIDAE Lw, 1879 .....................................................12 1. Agonoscena succincta (Heeger, 1856) ......................................................12 2. Agonoscena targionii (Lichtenstein, 1874) ..................................................12 3. Aphalara avicularis Ossiannilsson, 1981....................................................13 4. Aphalara calthae (Linnaeus, 1761) .........................................................13 5. Aphalara freji Burckhardt & Lauterer, 1997 ................................................13 6. Aphalara longicaudata Wagner & Franz, 1961 ..............................................14 7. Aphalara polygoni Foerster, 1848 ..........................................................14 8. Aphalara sauteri Burckhardt, 1983 ........................................................14 9. *Colposcenia traciana (Klimaszewski, 1970) ................................................14 10. Craspedolepta bulgarica Klimaszewski, 1961...............................................15 11. Craspedolepta conspersa (Lw, 1888) .....................................................15 12. Craspedolepta flavipennis (Foerster, 1848) .................................................15 13. *Craspedolepta malachitica (Dahlbom, 1851)...............................................16 14. *Craspedolepta nebulosa (Zetterstedt, 1828) ...............................................16 15. Craspedolepta nervosa (Foerster, 1848)....................................................16 16. Megagonoscena gallicola Burckhardt & Lauterer, 1989 .....................................17 17. Rhinocola aceris (Linnaeus, 1758) ........................................................17 18. Rhodochlanis bicolor (Scott, 1880)........................................................17 CALOPHYIDAE Vondráček, 1957 ..............................................18 19. Calophya rhois (Lw, 1877) ..............................................................18 HOMOTOMIDAE Heslop-Harrison, 1958 ......................................19 20. Homotoma ficus (Linnaeus, 1758) ........................................................19 LIVIIDAE Lw, 1879 ............................................................20 21. Camarotoscena speciosa (Flor, 1861) ......................................................20 22. Camarotoscena subrubescens (Flor, 1861)..................................................20 23. Diaphorina chobauti Puton, 1898.........................................................20 24. Euphyllura olivina (O. G. Costa, 1839) ....................................................21 25. *Euphyllura phillyreae Foerster, 1848 .....................................................21 26. Livia junci (Schrank, 1789) ..............................................................21 27. *Psyllopsis discrepans (Flor, 1861) ........................................................22 28. Psyllopsis distinguenda Edwards, 1913 ....................................................22 29. Psyllopsis fraxini (Linnaeus, 1758)........................................................22 30. Psyllopsis fraxinicola (Foerster, 1848).....................................................23 31. Psyllopsis meliphila Lw, 1881 ...........................................................24 32. Strophingia ericae (Curtis, 1835) .........................................................24 PSYLLIDAE Latreille, 1807.....................................................25 33. Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae (Froggatt, 1901) ................................................25 34. Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama, 1908) ....................................................25 35. Arytaina genistae (Latreille, 1805)........................................................26 36. *Arytainilla spartiophila (Foerster, 1848) ..................................................26 37. Baeopelma colorata (Lw, 1888)..........................................................26 38. Baeopelma foersteri (Flor, 1861) ..........................................................27 39. Cacopsylla affinis (Lw, 1880)............................................................28 40. Cacopsylla albipes (Flor, 1861) ...........................................................28 41. Cacopsylla ambigua (Foerster, 1848) ......................................................28 42. Cacopsylla bidens (Šulc, 1907) ...........................................................29 43. Cacopsylla breviantennata (Flor, 1861) ....................................................29 44. Cacopsylla brunneipennis (Edwards, 1896) ................................................30 45. *Cacopsylla corcontum (Šulc, 1909) .......................................................31 46. Cacopsylla crataegi (Schrank, 1801) ......................................................31 47. *Cacopsylla elegantula (Zetterstedt, 1840) .................................................32 48. Cacopsylla fulguralis (Kuwayama, 1908) ..................................................32 49. Cacopsylla intermedia (Lw, 1888)........................................................32 50. Cacopsylla iteophila (Lw, 1876) .........................................................32 51. Cacopsylla mali (Schmidberg, 1836) ......................................................33 SCOPOLIANo98–2020 52. Cacopsylla melanoneura (Foerster, 1848) ..................................................33 53. *Cacopsylla myrthi (Puton, 1876) .........................................................34 54. Cacopsylla nigrita (Zetterstedt, 1828) .....................................................34 55. Cacopsylla parvipennis (Löw,1878).......................................................35 56. Cacopsylla peregrina (Foerster, 1848) .....................................................35 57. Cacopsylla picta (Foerster, 1848) .........................................................35 58. Cacopsylla pruni (Scopoli, 1763)..........................................................36 59. Cacopsylla pulchella (Lw, 1877) .........................................................37 60. Cacopsylla pulchra (Zetterstedt, 1838) ....................................................38 61. Cacopsylla pyri (Linnaeus, 1761)..........................................................38 62. Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster, 1848).......................................................39 63. Cacopsylla pyrisuga (Foerster, 1848) ......................................................39 64. Cacopsylla rhamnicola (Scott, 1876) ......................................................40 65. Cacopsylla saliceti (Frster, 1848) ........................................................40 66. Cacopsylla sorbi (Linnaeus, 1767) ........................................................41 67. Cacopsylla ulmi (Foerster, 1848)..........................................................41 68. Cacopsylla viburni (Lw, 1876)...........................................................42 69. Cacopsylla visci (Curtis, 1835) ...........................................................42 70. Chamaepsylla hartigii (Flor, 1861) ........................................................42 71. Livilla horvathi (Scott, 1879) .............................................................43 72. *Livilla radiata (Foerster, 1848) ..........................................................43 73. Livilla spectabilis (Flor, 1861) ............................................................43 74. Livilla ulicis Curtis, 1836................................................................44 75. Livilla variegata (Lw, 1881) .............................................................44 76. Livilla vicina (Lw, 1886)................................................................44 77. Livilla vittipennella (Reuter, 1875) ........................................................45 78. Psylla alni (Linnaeus, 1758) .............................................................45 79. Psylla alpina Foerster, 1848..............................................................46 80. Psylla buxi (Linnaeus, 1758) .............................................................46 81. Psylla fusca (Zetterstedt, 1828)...........................................................47 82. Spanioneura fonscolombii Foerster, 1848 ..................................................47 TRIOZIDAE Lw, 1879 .........................................................48 83. Bactericera albiventris (Foerster, 1848)....................................................48 Gabrijel SELJAK: Jumping Plant-lice of Slovenia (Insecta: Hemiptera: Psylloidea) BolšiceSlovenije(Insecta:Hemiptera:Psylloidea) 84. *Bactericera bohemica (Šulc, 1913) .......................................................48 85. *Bactericera crithmi (Lw, 1880) .........................................................49 86. Bactericera curvatinervis (Foerster, 1848) .................................................49 87. Bactericera femoralis (Foerster, 1848) .....................................................49 88. Bactericera harrisoni (Wagner, 1955) .....................................................50 89. Bactericera kratochvili Vondráček, 1957...................................................50 90. Bactericera lyrata Seljak, Malenovský & Lauterer, 2008.....................................51 91. Bactericera modesta (Foerster, 1848) ......................................................51 92. Bactericera nigricornis (Foerster, 1848) ...................................................52 93. *Bactericera parastriola Conci, Ossiannilsson & Tamanini, 1988 .............................52 94. Bactericera perrisii Puton, 1876 ..........................................................53 95. Bactericera striola (Flor, 1861) ...........................................................53 96. *Bactericera trigonica (Hodkinson, 1981)..................................................53 97. Phylloplecta trisignata (Lw, 1886) .......................................................54 98. Trichochermes walkeri (Foerster, 1848)....................................................54 99. Trioza abdominalis Flor, 1861 ............................................................55 100. Trioza alacris (Flor, 1861) ..............................................................55 101. Trioza anthrisci Burckhardt, 1986 .......................................................55 102. Trioza apicalis Foerster, 1848 ...........................................................56 103. Trioza centranthi (Vallot, 1829)..........................................................56 104. Trioza cerastii (Linnaeus, 1758) .........................................................57 105. Trioza chenopodii Reuter, 1876 ..........................................................57 106. Trioza chrysanthemi Lw, 1878..........................................................57 107. Trioza cirsii Lw, 1881 .................................................................58 108. Trioza flavipennis Foerster, 1848 ........................................................58 109. *Trioza flixiana Burckhardt & Lauterer, 2002.............................................59 110. Trioza foersteri Meyer-Dr, 1871 ........................................................59 111. Trioza galii Foerster, 1848 ..............................................................59 112. Trioza ilicina (De Stefani Perez, 1901)....................................................60 113. (?)Trioza kiefferi Giard, 1902 ............................................................60 114. Trioza laserpitii Burckhardt & Lauterer, 1982.............................................61 115. Trioza megacerca Burckhardt, 1983 .....................................................61 116. Trioza munda Foerster, 1848 ............................................................62 SCOPOLIANo98–2020 117. *Trioza portulacoides Conci & Tamanini, 1984 ............................................62 118. Trioza proxima Flor, 1861 ..............................................................62 119. Trioza remota Foerster, 1848 ............................................................63 120. Trioza rhamni (Schrank, 1801) ..........................................................64 121. Trioza rotundata Flor, 1861 .............................................................64 122. *Trioza saxifragae Lw, 1888 ...........................................................65 123. Trioza schrankii Flor, 1861 .............................................................65 124. Trioza scottii Lw, 1880 ................................................................65 125. Trioza senecionis (Scopoli 1763) .........................................................66 126. *Trioza soniae Rapisarda, 1994 .........................................................66 127. Trioza urticae (Linnaeus, 1758)..........................................................67 128. Trioza velutina Foerster, 1848 ...........................................................69 129. Trioza viridula (Zetterstedt 1828)........................................................69 Discussion and conclusions.......................................................70 Acknowledgements ..............................................................76 References .......................................................................77 Appendix ........................................................................83 Introduction Psyllidsorjumpingplant-lice(Hemiptera:Sternorrhyncha:Psylloidea)composearelatively smallgroupofinsects. About4000specieshavebeendescribedworldwide(Percyetal.,2018). Most Palaearctic species are rather small, with body size between 1.7 and 4.0mm. Only a few taxa are slightly larger, measuring up to 5.2mm (e.g. Homotoma ficus, Bactericera maura). Psyllidsarewellcharacterisedmorphologicallyandeasilyrecognisableatthesuperfamilylevel both as adults and immatures [Figs. I and II]. However, the identification of species is often much more demanding, mainly due to their great similarity, small size and a limited number of diagnostic morphological characters. Use of a good stereomicroscope with a magnifica­tion power of at least 40x is therefore required for a reliable identification down to the species level. Additional microscopic preparation of adult psyllid body parts or immatures and a use of a compound microscope with a magnification up to 400x are also essential (Hodkinson et White, 1979; Ossiannilsson, 1992). As all psyllids are phytophagous insects, a good knowledge of plant taxonomy is also very important, as the host plant data can be helpful for identification,especiallywhenitisbasedonimmaturestagesonly. Biology Psyllids are highly specialised sap-sucking insects, mainly monophagous or narrowly oli­gophagous ona single or afew closelyrelated plantspecies. Only very few species can exploit a wider range of plant species and can therefore be considered polyphagous (e.g. Bactericera nigricornis, B. tremblayi) (Hodkinson, 1981; Tremblay, 1965). All immature stages can developonlyontheappropriateplantspecies,whicharecalled “hostplants”. Hostplantsofthe great majority of Palaearctic psyllids are various dicots. Only the representatives of the genus Livia areassociatedwithmonocots(Juncus spp., Carex spp.). Immaturesaswellasadultsfeed on phloem vessels. The phloem content is usually rich in sugar compounds, while it is poor in amino acids and proteins. Psyllids, especially their immatures, compensate for this dispro­portion in foodcomposition by ingesting large amounts of phloem sap and secreting excessive carbohydratesintheformofhoneydew.Adultsofmanyspecies,however,canexploitalsosome other plants for temporary feeding or overwintering. Plants that are used for overwintering of adultsarecalled“shelterplants”,whileplantsonwhichadultstemporaryfeedare“foodplants” (Burckhardtetal. 2014). Almost60%ofpsyllidsoccurringinSloveniaoverwinterasadults, most of them on shelter plants. These are mainly various conifers (Picea abies, Pinus spp., SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 Juniperus communis andothers),rarelysomeotherevergreenshrubsandtrees. Adultsofthese species leave their host plants a few days after the emergence and move to the shelter-plants and spend the largest part of their life there. Specifically, the dietary content of their hosts becomesunsuitablefortheirfurthersurvivalandoverwintering. That’swhytheyhavetomove to an appropriate shelter plant that satisfies such requirements. E.g., freshly emerged adults of Cacopsylla melanoneura showastronglypositiveresponseonconifersvolatilesinsummer,but not on volatiles of the host plants (apple, hawthorn). In the ensuing season, the overwintering adults migrate back to the host plants and start a new reproductive cycle. In contrast, these re-immigrantsarestronglyattractedbyappleandhawthornvolatilesinspring,butnotofspruce (Mayr et Gross,2007). Thisbehaviourisevolutionarilyconditioned,regulatesmigrationsand enables survivalof adults incritical periods. Severalspecies overwinteras adults on their host plants or in the litter on the ground and do not migrate (e.g. Cacopsylla pyri, C. pyricola, C. bidens, Rhodochlanis bicolor, Euphyllura olivina, Spanioneura fonscolombii, Bactericera crithmi, Trioza centranthi, T. chenopodii, T. portulacoides). Many species overwinter as eggs orimmaturesontheirhostplants.AboutthreequartersofspeciesoccurringinSloveniadevelop a single generation per year. The rest develop two or more generations, but at most four gen-erationsundertheclimaticconditionsofSlovenia(e.g. Cacopsylla pyri, Acizzia jamatonica). Economic importance Severalpsyllidspeciesarewell-knownasharmfulpestsofcultivatedplantsandare,assuch, of great economic interest. They can cause direct damage by feeding on their host plants or indirect damage by secreting honeydew on which subsequently sooty moulds develop; some species are also vectors of harmful plant pathogens (Burckhardt, 1994). Serious direct damagesmostlyprovokespeciesthatdevelopseveralgenerationsperyear.Intheeventofocca­sional gradations, some univoltine species may also cause troubles and yield loss. In Slovenia, such cases have been well-documented especially for Cacopsylla pyri and Acizzia jamatonica (Vrablet Matis,1977;Vrabl,1980;Seljak,2003;Seljaketal.,2004).Recently,anincreased phytosanitary attention has been paid to psyllid species that possess the ability to transmit harmful phytoplasmas between plants. Cacopsylla picta and C. melanoneura are well-known as the main natural vectors of Candidatus Phytoplasma mali the causal agent of the Apple proliferation disease (Frisinghelli, et al., 2000; Jarausch et al., 2003; Tedeschi et al., 2002; Tedeschi et Alma, 2004; Mehle et al., 2011). Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri, which causes the Pear decline disease, is transmitted by pear-psyllids, especially by Cacopsylla pyri and C. pyricola (Davies et al., 1992; Lemoine, 1991; Mehle et al., 2011). Cacopsylla pruni is re­sponsible for a quick spread of the European stonefruit yellow disease in South and Central Europe caused by Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum (Carraro et al., 1998a, 2001; Mehle et al., 2011). Peach, apricot and Japanese plum areparticularly susceptible to thisdisease. As a consequence, infected trees produce few fruits of a bad quality and usually die within three to five years. In some crops, damages produced by these bacteria are more severe than provoked byallotherpestsanddiseasestogether.Carrot-feedingpsyllidsTrioza apicalis and Bactericera trigonica, transmit the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum, which may severely damage carrot crops in Europe (Munyaneza et al., 2014; Teresani et al. 2017). The same bacterium causes the “zebra chip” disease in potatoes in North America and New Zealand, transmitted by Bactericera cockerelli (Munyaneza et al., 2007). As there are no chemicals and other means for controlling these diseases themselves, the main phytosanitary measures are focused on the control of their vectors, hence psyllids. Using various insecticides against the re-immigrants, when they return from the shelter plants to the host plants in spring, gives satisfactoryresultsforashorttime,butcannotprotectcropscompletely(Lešnik et Vajs,2017). Therefore,plantsforproductionofpropagatingmaterialofsomefruit-plants(e.g.motherplants of apples, pears, peaches, apricots and plums aimed for producing cuttings or grafting scions) mustbekeptunderaninsect-proofprotectiontopreventaccessofvectorsandconsequentlythe spreadofdiseases(Fajt etal.,2009;Ambrožičetal.,2011). Historical overview of studies on jumping plant-lice in Slovenia FirstrecordsonthepsyllidfaunaofSloveniadatebacktothe18thcentury. IoannesAntonius Scopoli mentioned in his Entomologia Carniolica (1763) five species that unambiguously belonged to jumping plant-lice, all under the generic name Chermes. These are Cacopsylla pruni, C. pyri, Psylla alni, Psyllopsis fraxini and Trioza senecionis. C. pruni and T. senecionis were described by him as new species, hence Slovenia is ‘terra typica’ for both. The identity of Scopoli’s ‘Chermes pyri’ is uncertain. His Chermes pyri most likely concern Cacopsylla pyrisuga, because he wrote: “In foliis Pyri comm.” (in leaves of Pyrus communis); probablyin curled leaves, which is typical of C. pyrisuga, but not of C. pyri. Obviously, Scopoli observed nymphs of the fifth instar, since he mentioned the 5-segmented antennae with two terminal setae(“Antennae5-nodiae:ultimoarticuloduabussetulisterminato”). Gustav A. A. von Flor (1861a, b) recorded 10 species collected in the territory of today’s Slovenia: Livia junci, Psylla alni, Cacopsylla melanoneura, C. picta (as Psylla costalis sp.n.), C. pruni, C. pyrisuga, Trichochermes walker, Trioza proxima, T. rhamni and T. viridula. The typespecimensofhisnewlydescribed Psylla costalis werecollectedinLjubljana(asLaibach). Theidentityofhis T. viridula fromLjubljanaremainsdubiousandprobablyrefersto T. cirsii. In1888, Franz Löw publishedthemostcomprehensiveoverviewofpsyllidsoccurringinthe former Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, which included also the entire territory of modern-day Slovenia (Löw, 1888). In that work, 42 species collected within the Slovene territory were recorded (Aphalaridae – 1, Liviidae – 7, Psyllidae –19, and Triozidae – 16 species). Most data were provided by Andor Hensch, who worked and collected specimens in the surroundings of Gorica(=GörzinGerman,today’sGoriziainItaly)andbyFranzThen,whocollectedpsyllidsin thesurroundingsofLesce(=Less)andBled(=Valdes). Oncepoliticallyunited,theareaaround ‘Görz’ (Gorizia) was divided by the state border between Slovenia and Italy after World War II,therefore,allrecordsreferringtothisareaareapplicablebothfortheItalianandtheSlovene sides.Thetypematerialofatleastthreespeciesoriginatedfromthesetwocollectingareas.The type material of Psyllopsis meliphila collected by Franz Then unambiguously originates from modern-daySlovenia(Lesce,Bled),whilethetypelocality“Görz”forBaeopelma colorata and Cacopsylla intermedia now officially belongs to Italy, but the material was probably collected onbothsidesofthecurrentborder. Gräffe (1911) contributed eight records of psyllids that unambiguously refer to Slovenia. Most of them were from the area round Tolmin (as Tolmain) or were recorded general for the wholeareaoftheAustrianLittoral(Küstenland),whichwassplitbetweenItaly(West),Slovenia (North)andCroatia(South)afterWorldWarII. Almost exactly one hundred years after Löw’s publication, Franc Janežič summarised and published his 17-year lasting investigations on plant galls of Slovenia. In his comprehensive workalsoahugeamountofdistributionaldataon25gall-inducingpsyllidspecieswereprovided (Janežič, 1989). Some of these records are in need of verification according to the current taxonomy.Sincethereisnovouchercollectionfortheserecords,theycanonlybeverifiedinthe SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 field by checking the combination of the host plant, gall form, locality and psyllid species. In thisway,somecriticalhostplantassociationsreportedbyJanežič(1989),particularlyof Trioza dispar on Aposeris foetida and Trioza sp. on Quercus cerris, were cleared. Rearing ofnymphs to adults on infested leaves of Aposeris foetida demonstrated that the causal agent of the leaf galls was not Trioza dispar but Trioza foersteri Meyer-Dür, 1871 (Seljak, 2018). The galls on leavesof Q. cerris areproducedby Trioza soniae (seebelow). Some other reports of psyllids in Slovenia were mostly focused on crop pests, such as the pear psyllids (e.g. Cacopsylla pyri, C. pyrisuga) and their pest control management (Vrabl et Matis,1977;Vrabl,1980;Kogoj,2012;Voglar,2017). The most comprehensive accounts on the psyllids of Slovenia were made by the present author who documented 107 species (Seljak, 2006; Seljak et al. 2008). The intention of the present account is to summarise all data on psyllids of Slovenia available to the author and, by doing so, completing the checklist of species. In addition, most psyllid species and their host plants are documented by colour photographs. However, the author is well aware that the present account is far from complete. The country has been unequally studied. Western parts of Slovenia have been systematically explored by the author, while the rest of the territory is stilllargelyunexplored.Secondly,theauthorpresumesthatsomeadditionalmaterialofpsyllids from Slovenia is deposited in various museums abroad (e.g. in Vienna, Graz, Brno, Berlin, perhapsalsoBudapest),whichhasnotbeenusedforthisstudy. Materials and methods In this account, the most recent systematic classification of Psylloidea proposed by Burkhardt et Ouvrard (2012) has been followed. However, a more conservative approach has been adopted for the generic classification of Triozidae, especially the genus Trioza s.l., the detailed division of which is still pending because of its only partly resolved phylogeny (Percy et al. 2018). As for the species nomenclature, the Psyl’list database has been followed (Ouvrard,2019).Currentlyacceptednamesforhostandshelterplantsofpsyllidshavestrictly beentakenfromThePlantList(2013)database.Therefore,authorsofplantnameswereomitted inthetext.Informationonthepsyllidbiology(e.g.numberofgenerations,overwinteringstage) hasmainlybeentakenfromOssiannilsson(1992),Concietal. (1993and1996)orisbasedon theauthor’sownobservations. Distributional data recorded by the earliest authors, e.g. Flor (1861), Löw (1888) and Gräffe (1911), have been included if they unambiguously referred to the territory of mod-ern-daySloveniaortoanareathatincludesatleastpartsofthisterritory.Hence,alldatarelated to “Görz” (today’s Gorizia on the Italian side and Nova Gorica on the Slovene side) have been included,becausethisarea,dividedbythebordernowadays,usedtobeuniformatthetimesof theAustro-HungarianMonarchy. SpeciesnewlyrecordedherefromSloveniaaremarkedwithanasterisk(*).Eachdistribution­al record is presented with a topographic name of the locality and a code of the corresponding 10x10-kilometrefield oftheUTM grid when the localitywas definedprecisely enough. As the wholeterritoryofSloveniabelongstothegridzone33T,thezonedesignationof10kmsquares isomitted.Mostly,butnotalways,analtitudeofthelocalityisgivenaswell.Distributionaldata foreachspeciesarealsoshowninaUTMmap. Themappeddataaregroupedinthreeseparate periods. The period prior to 1950 includes records from the times of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, mainly prior to 1914, and there were no records between this period and 1950. The period between 1950 and 1990 includes the data of Slovenian authors and collectors from that period; the majority of records was provided by Franc Janežič. The post-1990 period relates almost exclusively to the author’s own data. Maps were created from the author’s personal databaserunningontheCorelParadox11.0platform. For most psyllid species and their host plants, colour photographs are provided (Appendix). The following equipment was used for taking photographs: Canon EOS 70D or 60D cameras; CanonEF-S18-135mmf/3.5-5.6,CanonEF100mmf/2.8MacroUSMandCanonMP-E65mm F/2.81-5XMacrolenses;Metz Mecablitz 15MS-1andCanonSpeedlite430EXIII-RTflashes. Many photographs are supplemented with a scale bar. Unless stated otherwise, this bar corre­spondsto1mm. Voucher specimens are deposited in the author’s personal collection. Adults have been dry-mounted, mainly glued on cardboard slips. In some cases, additional specimens were preserved in a plastic capsule and pinned together on the same needle. Fifth instar nymphs were mounted according to Hodkinson et White (1979) and Ossiannilsson (1992) on slides in Canada balsam. A collection acronym is added in square brackets to the records for which voucherspecimensareavailable. Collectionacronyms: GSPC –theauthor’spersonalcollection(GabrijelSeljak,NovaGorica,Slovenia) MMBC –MoravianMuseum,Brno,CzechRepublic; PMSL –SlovenianMuseumofNaturalHistory,Ljubljana,Slovenia In the list of species, taxa (families, genera and species) are sorted alphabetically. Each species inthelistbearsauniqueserialnumber,whichissharedwithcorrespondingfiguresinAppendix. SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 List of species APHALARIDAE Lw, 1879 Agonoscena Enderlein,1914 1. Agonoscena succincta (Heeger, 1856) [Figs. 1.1–1.4] Seljak, 2006:Ravnica(UL99),12.10.2003[GSPC];Grgar,300m(UL99),18.7.2004; New records:Volovjareber(VL44),1.7.2007[GSPC];Grgar(UL99),27.05.2012[GSPC;Figs. 1.2 –1.4];Solkan(UL99),17.8.2008[GSPC]. Host plant: Ruta graveolens s.l. (Rutaceae). Biology: Multivoltine(2 –3generations peryear); overwinteringassecond orthirdinstar nymphsonthehostplant(Boselli,1930). 2. Agonoscena targionii (Lichtenstein, 1874) [Figs. 2.1–2.3] Janežič, 1989: Branik (VL07); Kostanjevica na Krasu (UL97); Osp (VL14); Vipava (VL17). Possiblyconfusedwith Megagonoscena gallicola BurckhardtetLauterer; Seljak, 2006: Vale pri Brestovici,140m (UL97), 8.5.2005 [GSPC]; Lijak (VL09), 20.5.2006 [GSPC];Solkan(UL99),21.5.2006[GSPC]; New record: Lokvica(UL98),7.5.2016[GSPC;Fig. 2.3]. Host plants: Pistacia terebinthus [Fig. 2.2]; P. lentiscus (Anacardiaceae) (Burckhardt et Lauterer,1989). Biology: Probablymultivoltine;overwinteringadultsonthehostplant(Conci etal.,1993; Hodkinson,2009). Remark: Asfarasknown,A. targionii doesnotinducegalls.CecidiaonPistacia terebinthus recorded by Janežič (1989) were possibly induced by Megagonoscena gallicola, describedinthesameyear(seebelow). Aphalara Foerster,1848 3. Aphalara avicularis Ossiannilsson, 1981 [Figs. 3.1–3.4] Seljak, 2006: Prvačina (UL98), 13.9.2005 [GSPC]; Žadovinek (WL38), 10.7.2004 [GSPC]; VelikavaspriKrškem(WL38),10.7.2004[GSPC]; New records: Sečovlje(UL93),21.08.2019;Parecag(UL93),30.9.2004;Bilje(UL98),28.7.2008; Lijak (VL08), 20.7.2008 [GSPC]; Vremščica, 820m (VL26), 16.7.2011 [GSPC]; HruševjepriPostojni,535m(VL36),12.9.2015[Figs.3.3–3.4];Goreljek(VM23), 2.8.2017; Ljubljana (VM60), 31.7.1971 [PMSL, B. Sket leg.]; likely to be more widelydistributed. Host plant: Polygonum aviculare agg. including P. arenastrum (Polygonaceae)[Fig. 3.2]. Biology: Univoltine or perhaps bivoltine (Lauterer et Malenovský, 2002); adults occur frommid-Juneonwardsandoverwinteronconifers. 4. Aphalara calthae (Linnaeus, 1761) [Figs. 4.1–4.3] Löw, 1888: Ljubljana (as Laibach) (?); probably referring to some other Aphalara species, considering that the host plant data were given as „Polygonum ...und Rumex acetosella“; Gräffe, 1911:Tolmin(asTolmein); Seljak, 2006:Pokljuka(VM23),2.9.2005[GSPC;Fig. 4.3]. Host plant: Caltha palustris (Ranunculaceae)[Fig. 4.2]. Biology: Univoltine; adults occur on the host plant in April and May and then from July andAugustonwardsandoverwinteronconifers(Ossiannilsson,1992). 5. Aphalara freji Burckhardt & Lauterer, 1997 [Figs. 5.1–5.2] Seljak, 2006:Lukini(VL13),24.9.2005[GSPC];Ajševica(UL98),1.8.2004[GSPC];Panovec(UL98), 14.8.2005 [GSPC] and 27.12.2005; Žadovinek (WL38), 10.7.2004 [GSPC];Juršinci(WM74),16.9.2004[GSPC]; New records:Šmihel (VL09), 31.7.2010 [GSPC]; Sabotin, 350m (UL99), 1.8.2012; Potoče (VL08), 1.8.2012; Cimprovka, 1180m (VM21), 26.6.2010 [GSPC]; Ivanjkovci (WM84),28.7.2011. Host plants: Persicaria spp. (Ossiannilsson, 1992; Burckhardt et Lauterer, 1997); recordedfromP. lapathifolia [Fig.5.2]andP. maculosa inSlovenia(Polygonaceae). Biology: Univoltine; adults occur on the host plants from June to August and move to coniferslaterforoverwintering(Ossiannilsson,1992). SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 6. Aphalara longicaudata Wagner & Franz, 1961 [Figs. 6.1–6.3] Seljak, 2006:Vršič,1400m(VM04),23.7.2002[GSPC]; New record: Mangartskosedlo,2100m(UM94),28.8.2015[GSPC;Fig. 6.3]. Host plant: Persicaria bistorta (Polygonaceae)[Fig. 6.2](Ossiannilsson,1992). Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringasadultsonconifers. 7. Aphalara polygoni Foerster, 1848 [Figs. 7.1–7.2] Seljak, 2006: Vipava (VL17), 3.10.2002 (as A. crispicola) [GSPC]; Nova Gorica (UL98), 23.12.2006[GSPC];Mangart,2050m(UM94),15.7.2006[GSPC]; New record: Ljubljana(VM60),11.5.1971[PMSL,B. Sketleg.]. Host plants: Rumex spp. sect. Acetosa and sect. Acetosella (Polygonaceae) (Ossiannilsson, 1992). Biology: Univoltine;overwintersasanadultonconifers(Ossiannilsson,1992). 8. Aphalara sauteri Burckhardt, 1983 [Figs. 8.1–8.4] Seljak, 2006: Lepena, 600m (UM92), 26.8.2001 [GSPC]; Vogel – Žagarjev graben, 1500m (VM02),5.8.1999; New records:ZadnjaTrenta, 970m(VM04),28.7.2007 [GSPC];IzvirSoče(VM04),12.4.2011 [GSPC]; Mangart, 1770m (UM94), 28.8.2015 [GSPC] and 11.9.2018 [Fig. 8.3]; Lajnar,1500m(VM22), 23.10.2012[GSPC] and23.5.2019 [Fig. 8.4]; Mlinarjevo sedlo,1300m(VM63),15.8.2007[GSPC]. Host plant: Rumex scutatus [Fig. 8.2](Polygonaceae)(Burckhardt et Lauterer,1997). Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers (Burckhardt et Lauterer, 1997). Colposcenia Enderlein, 1929 9. *Colposcenia traciana (Klimaszewski, 1970) [Figs. 9.1–9.3] New records:Škocjanskizatok(VL04),15.5.2008[GSPC];Sermin(VL04),30.4.2016[Fig.9.3] and26.5.2016[GSPC];Ankaran(VL04),17.5.2017[GSPC]. Host plant: Tamarix gallica (Tamaricaceae). Biology: AdultswerecollectedinAprilandMay. Craspedolepta Enderlein, 1921 10. Craspedolepta bulgarica Klimaszewski, 1961 [Figs. 10.1–10.3] Seljak et al., 2008:Branik(VL07),8.6.2006[GSPC]; New record: Labor,340m(VL03),16.05. 018[GSPC];Golobrdo(UM80),20.5.2016[GSPC; Fig. 10.3]. Host plants: Achillea spp. other than A. millefolium (Asteraceae) (Lauterer, 1993a); in Sloveniacollectedindrymeadowswith A. collina. Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as nymphs on roots of the host plants (Conci et al., 1993);adultsoccurinMayandJune. 11. Craspedolepta conspersa (Lw, 1888) [Figs. 11.1–11.3] Seljak, 2006: Dragonja (UL93), 10.8.2005; Izola (UL94), 10.8.2005 [GSPC]; Novelo (UL97), 1.9.2001; Renški vrh, 415m (UL97), 10.6.2006 [GSPC]; Kromberk (UL99), 29.8.2003; Ajševica (VL08), 2.8.2003 and 19.8.2004 [GSPC]; Grgar (UL99), 18.6.2005 [GSPC]; Nanos, 900m (VL27), 20.8.2004 [GSPC]; Panovec (UL98), 14.8.2005 [GSPC]; Breginj, 550m (UM72), 22.8.2003; Lepena, 700m (UM92), 22.8.2003; New records:Izola (UL94), 27.7.2011; Miren, 48m (UL98), 2.5.2012; Vrtojba (UL98), 21.8.2017; Nova Gorica (UL99), 17.5.2011 and 21.5.2012 [Fig. 11.3]; Solkan(UL99),17.8.2008;VelikeŽablje(VL18),9.8.2007[GSPC];Robič,250m(UM82), 13.8.2008. Host plant: Artemisia vulgaris [Fig. 11.2], A. verlotiorum (Asteraceae). Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as nymphs on roots of the host plants (Conci et al., 1993);adultsfromMaytomid-September. 12. Craspedolepta flavipennis (Foerster, 1848) [Figs. 12.1–12.3] Seljak, 2006: Sinji vrh, 980m(VL18),12.8.2001[GSPC];Labinje(VM21),20.7.2003 and 22.8.2004 [GSPC]; Cimprovka, 1250m (VM21), 24.6.2006 [GSPC]; Blegoš, 1500m (VM31), 29.7.2001 [GSPC]; Zadnja Trenta (VM03), 24.7.2005 [GSPC]; Komna,1520m(VM02),2.8.1999;Vršič,1400m(VM04),23.7.2002;Smrekovec, 1350m(VM93),22.6.2002[GSPC]; New records:Trnovski gozd, Krnica, 1000m (VL08), 14.8.2011 [GSPC]; Vodice (Col), 920m (VL28), 2.7.2016; Kolovrat (UM91), 16.6.2013 and 24.6.2016; Zadnja Trenta, 970m (VM04), 8.6.2019; Porezen, 1000m (VM21), 17.6.2017; Črni vrh nad Cerknim,1250m(VM21),22.6.2013[Fig. 12.3];Borovškagora,1000m(VL74), 20.7.2013; Planina Pungrat, 1440m (VM54), 9.8.2014; Travna Gora (VL76), 15.6.1972and25.6.1972[PMSL,B. Sketleg.]. SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 Host plant: Leontodon hispidus [Fig. 12.2](Asteraceae)(Lauterer et Burckhardt,2004). Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as nymphs on roots of the host plant (Lauterer et Burckhardt,2004);adultsfromJunetomid-August. 13.*Craspedolepta malachitica (Dahlbom, 1851) [Figs. 13.1–13.3] New records:Lokovec, 820m (VM00), 12.8.2014 [GSPC]; Otlica, 830m (VL18), 27.6.2015 [GSPC;Fig. 13.3]. Host plant: Artemisia absinthium (Asteraceae)[Fig. 13.2]. Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as nymphs on roots of the host plant (Conci et al., 1993);adultsfromJunetomid-August. 14.*Craspedolepta nebulosa (Zetterstedt, 1828) [Figs. 14.1–14.3] New records: Porezen,1600m(VM21),3.7.2010(3>>)[GSPC;Fig. 14.3]. Host plant: Epilobium angustifolium [Fig. 14.2](Onagraceae). Biology: Univoltine; first instar nymphs living in leaf-roll galls, second to fourth instar nymphs on roots of the host plant, overwintering as fourth instar; adults occur fromMaytoJuly(Lauterer,1993a). 15. Craspedolepta nervosa (Foerster, 1848) [Figs. 15.1–15.3] Seljak, 2006:Krn,1100m(UM92),5.7.2003[GSPC];PlaninaRazor,1400m(VM02),7.7.2005 [GSPC]; New records:Nemci, 880m (VL09), 13.6.2015 [GSPC]; Čukla, 770m (VM01), 20.6.2014; Kolovrat, 1150m (UM91), 16.6.2013 [GSPC; Fig. 15.3]; Planina Zapleč, 1200m (UM92),12.7.2015;Porezen,1600m(VM21),25.6.2011[GSPC];Osilnica,825m (VL74),20.7.2013[GSPC]. Host plants: Achillea millefolium [Fig. 15.2], A. ptarmica, Cirsium arvense (Asteraceae) (Ossiannilsson,1992). Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringasnymphsonrootsofthehostplants;adultsoccurring fromJunetoAugust(Lauterer,1994). Megagonoscena Burckhardt&Lauterer,1989 16. Megagonoscena gallicola Burckhardt & Lauterer, 1989 [Figs. 16.1–16.4] Seljak et al., 2008: Vale pri Brestovici (UL97), 19.5.2006 [GSPC]; Solkan (UL99), 21.5.2006 [GSPC];Lijak(VL09),20.5.2006[GSPC]and13.4.2007; New record: Lokvica(UL98),7.5.2016[Figs. 16.3–16.4]. Host plant: Pistacia terebinthus (Anacardiaceae)[Fig. 16.2]. Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as eggs on the host plant; causing strong curling of youngleaves[Fig. 16.3]. Rhinocola Foerster,1848 17. Rhinocola aceris (Linnaeus, 1758) [Figs. 17.1–17.5] Seljak, 2006: Kromberk (UL99), 1.6.2006 [GSPC]; Gradišče pri Vipavi (VL17), 13.6.2006 [GSPC];Selovec,1200m(VL08),13.8.2006;Banjšice(VL09),18.7.2004;Dolina Idrije (UM80), 11.6.2006; Korada, 620m (UM80), 11.6.2006; Krn, 1100m (UM92), 5.7.2003 [GSPC]; Golubinjek, 200m (WM40), 16.6.2006; Podsreda – Socko,300m(WL49),17.6.2006; New records:Kromberk(UL99),2.5.2016[Figs.17.3 –17.5];Vrtoče(UL98),2.5.2012;Ajševica (VL08), 26.5.2013; Loke (UL99), 21.6.2017; Grgar (UL99), 30.4.2017; Baske, 600m (UL99), 22.5.2011; Skrilje (VL18), 11.5.2008 [GSPC]; Korada (UM80), 31.5.2014;Kolovrat(UM91),16.6.2013;Soriškaplanina(VM22),3.7.2008;Draga (Ig),315m(VL68),20.5.2017;probablywidespreadinSlovenia. Host plants: Acer campestre [Fig. 17.2], A. platanoides, A. pseudoplatanus (Sapindaceae). Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as first instar nymphs in bud axils (Ossiannilsson, 1992);nymph[Fig. 17.5]. Rhodochlanis Loginova,1964 18. Rhodochlanis bicolor (Scott, 1880) [Figs. 18.1–18.4] Seljak, 2006: Strunjan (UL94), 12.9.2003 [GSPC]; Škocjanski zatok (VL04), 24.9.2005 [GSPC]; New record: Ankaran(VL04),31.8.2017and28.8.2018[Figs. 18.3–18.4]. Host plant: Suaeda maritima (Amaranthaceae)[Fig. 18.2]. Biology: Probably bivoltine; overwintering as eggs or nymphs on the host plant (Conci et al. 1993);adultsinMayandJune,AugusttoOctober. SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 CALOPHYIDAE Vondráček, 1957 Calophya Löw,1879 19. Calophya rhois (Lw, 1877) [Figs. 19.1–19.6] Janežič, 1989: Portorož (UL94), Strunjan (UL94), Seča (UL93), Dragonja (UL93), Pacug (UL94),Sv.Peter(UL93),ŠmarjepriKopru(VL04),Vanganel(VL04),Marezige(VL04), Škofije (VL04), Pridvor (VL04), Ankaran (VL04), Gračišče (VL14), Kubed (VL14), Črni Kal (VL14), Slavnik (VL24), Divača (VL26), Kopriva naKrasu (VL07), Štanjel (VL17), Komen (VL07), Kostanjevica na Krasu (UL97),Opatje selo (UL97), Branik (VL07); Solkan (UL99), Šent Maver (UL99),Podsabotin (UL99), Grgar (UL99); Šempas (VL08),Ajdovščina (VL18), Planina pri Ajdovščini (VL17), Vipava (VL17); Col (VL28), Ljubljana (VM50); Zgornja Hrušica (LJ) (VM60), Iška (VL68), Hrastnik (WM01), Loka pri Zidanem mostu (WM10), Radeče (WM10) , Velike Lašče (VL77), Jeruzalem pri Ljutomeru (WM94); Seljak, 2006: Strunjan (UL94), 22.6.2001 [GSPC]; Seča (UL93), 4.6.2006; Dragonja, 88m (UL93), 10.8.2005; Krkavče (UL93), 2.4.2005; Stepani (VL14), 7.7.2006; Hrvatini, Brageti, 135m (VL04), 25.7.2006; Dutovlje (VL06), 10.6.2006; Kosovelje (VL07), 10.6.2006; Pliskovica (VL06), 10.6.2006; Renški vrh, 415m(UL97), 10.6.2006; Štanjel (VL17), 10.6.2006; Tomaj (VL16), 10.6.2006; Opatje selo (UL98), 1.9.2001; Lokev (VL15), 22.9.2001 [GSPC]; Lokvica, 215m (UL97), 8.5.2005; Vale pri Brestovici (UL97), 8.5.2005; Cerje (UL98), 7.5.2006; Kremenjak(UL97),7.5.2006[GSPC –slide];Klariči(UL97),19.5.2006;Grižnik, 299m (VL07), 7.8.2005; Branik (VL07), 8.6.2006; Lukovec (VL07), 8.6.2006;Vogrsko (VL08), 1.6.2005; Slejki, 450m (VL08), 29.4.2005; Šmihel, 450m (VL08), 31.3.2002 [GSPC]; Osek (VL08), 31.5.2006; Vitovlje (VL08), 8.6.2006; Kromberk(UL99),1.6.2006;Ravnica(UL99),3.10.2004[GSPC];Solkan(UL99), 25.9.2005; Podsabotin (UL99), 25.4.2004; Sabotin (UL99), 23.5.1999; Cerovo (UL89), 31.5.2006; Fojana (UL89), 31.5.2006; Vedrijan (UL89), 31.5.2006; Vipolže (UL89), 31.5.2006; Fojana (UL89), 10.6.2005; Senik, 550m (UM80), 11.6.2006;Dolgapoljana,350m(VL18),22.4.2005;Podnanos(VL27),17.7.2005; Planina(VL17),8.6.2006;Rebrnice(VL27),13.6.2006; New records:Strunjan (UL84), 26.5.2008; Korte, 170m (UL93), 17.5.2009; Brič, 270m (VL03),17.5.2017;Paderna,220m(UL94),1.6.2009;Kastelec(VL14),17.7.2012; Beka (VL15), 30.6.2016; Klariči (UL97), 3.7.2013; Cerje (UL98), 7.5.2006 and 15.06.2014 [GSPC; slide; Figs. 19.2–19.6]; Trstelj, 350m (UL98), 26.4.2019; Vrtojba (UL98), 30.6.2017; Baske, 600m (UL99), 22.5.2011; Podklanec (VL66), 15.6.2014; Mirtovički potok (VL84), 21.7.2013; Vrčice (WL17), 31.5.2007; RogaškaSlatina(WM42),2.8.2013. Host plant: Cotinus coggygria (Anacardiaceae). Biology: Most likely univoltine; immatures [Fig. 19.6] cause strong curling and rolling of leaves[Fig. 19.2];overwinteringaseggs(Conci etal. 1993). HOMOTOMIDAE Heslop-Harrison, 1958 Homotoma Guérin-Méneville,1844 20. Homotoma ficus (Linnaeus, 1758) [Figs. 20.1–20.6] Gräffe, 1911:Tolmin(asTolmein); Seljak, 2006: Strunjan (UL94), 12.9.2003; Brje pri Komnu (VL07), 7.6.2003; Nova Gorica (UL99), 10.6.1999 and 18.7.2001 [GSPC]; Kromberk (UL99), 2.9.2004 and 31.5.2006[GSPC];Kozana(UL89),17.5.2003;Kanal(UM90),5.6.2005;Mostna Soči(VM01),16.8.2003; New records:Fjesa (UL84), 26.5.2008; Portorož (UL84), 26.5.2008; Seča (UL93), 4.6.2006; Parecag (UL93), 23.10.2006; Labor (VL03), 16.6.2017; Koper (VL04), 3.11.2003;SpodnjeŠkofije(VL04),23.10.2006;Sočerga(VL13),16.6.2017;Stepani(VL14), 7.7.2006; Osp (VL14), 27.4.2008; Kazlje, 340m (VL17), 23.9.2017; Pliskovica(VL06), 10.6.2006; Škrbina na Krasu (VL07), 14.5.2007; Dobrovo (UL89), 10.7.2005; Vogrsko (VL08), 2.7.2006 [Fig. 20.5]; Stara Gora (UL98), 31.7.2005; Nova Gorica, 110m (UL99), 11.09.2019 [GSPC; Figs. 20.3–20.4]; Ravnica (UL99),18.6.2015; Vitovlje(VL08), 8.6.2006; Kucelj, 1150m (VL08), 13.8.2006 in16.9.2012[GSPC];Gaberje(VL17),8.6.2006;Planina(VL17),8.6.2006;Skrilje (VL18),11.5.2008. Host plant: Ficus carica (Moraceae)[Fig. 20.2]. Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as eggs next to buds [Fig. 20.6]; nymphs [Fig. 20.5] occurfromMaytoendJuly. SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 LIVIIDAE Lw, 1879 Camarotoscena Haupt,1935 21. Camarotoscena speciosa (Flor, 1861) [Figs. 21.1–21.4] Janežič, 1989: Dragonja (UL93)(?); Bertoki (VL04) (?); Dekani (VL04) (?); Šmarje pri Kopru (VL04) (?); Grgar (UL99) (?); Neblo (UL89) (?); Prešnica (VL14) (?); Bled (VM33); Vnanje Gorice (VL59); Stranska vas pri Ljubljani (VM50); Kranj (VM51); Trebnje (WL08); Slovenj Gradec (WM05); Vojnik (WM52); Pragersko(WM53); Poljčane (WM54); Kidričevo (WM63); Videm ob Ščavnici (WM75); Ivanjkovci(WM84);Lendava(XM15). Note: The records marked with a question mark (?) may also refer to C. subrubescens. Seljak, 2006:Ajba(UM90),5.6.2005[GSPC](1+). New record: Miren,60m(UL98),15.04.2019[GSPC](1>)[Figs. 21.3–21.4]. Host plants: Populus spp.,mainly P. nigra (Salicaceae);nymphsinconspicuousleaf-rollgalls (Ossiannilsson,1992). Biology: Probablybivoltine,butthelifecycleispoorlyknown(Conci etal.,1993). 22. Camarotoscena subrubescens (Flor, 1861) [Figs. 22.1–22.4] Löw, 1888:Gorica(asGörz,A. Henschleg.); Seljak, 2006: Kanal (UM90), 05.07.2003 [GSPC]; Dolga poljana, 350m (VL18), 20.06.2003 [GSPC]. New records:Solkan (UL99), 7.7.2005 [GSPC; Fig. 22.3] and 26.06.2018 [GSPC; Fig. 22.4]; Panovec(UL99),9.7.2005[GSPC];Morsko(UM90),6.7.2016[GSPC]. Host plant: Populus nigra (Salicaceae)[Fig. 22.2]. Biology: Life cycle largely unknown (Conci et al., 1993), nymphs probably in leaf-roll galls similar to C. speciosa. Diaphorina Löw,1880 23. Diaphorina chobauti Puton, 1898 [Figs. 23.1–23.6] Seljak, 2006: Lokvica (UL97), 29.5.2004 [GSPC]; Lijak (VL09), 1.10.2005 [GSPC]; Solkan (UL99),21.5.2006[GSPC –slide]; New records:Dragonja(UL93),26.5.2016[GSPC];Kastelec(VL14),3.7.2017;ČrniKal(VL14), 9.6.2011; Vale pri Brestovici (UL97), 19.5.2006; Lukovec (VL07), 8.6.2006; Branik (VL07), 10.6.2008 and 25.5.2014; Grižnik (VL07), 10.6.2008 [GSPC]; Vrtovin, 480m (VL08), 11.10.2019; Solkan (UL99), 27.4.2007 [GSPC – slide; Figs. 23.3 –23.6];Golobrdo(UM80),23.6.2014and21.6.2015. Host plant: Convolvulus canthabrica (Convolvulaceae)[Fig. 23.2]. Biology: At least bivoltine; adults occur from April to October; overwintering stage unknown;firstdepositedeggs[Fig.23.6]werefoundinApril;nymphs[Fig.23.5]. Euphyllura Foerster,1848 24. Euphyllura olivina (O. G. Costa, 1839) [Figs. 24.1–24.4] Seljak, 2006: Fjesa (UL84), 16.06.1997; Seča (UL93), 16.08.2004 [GSPC]; Gažon (UL94), 25.06.1994; New records:Dragonja, 88m (UL93), 10.8.2005; Parecag (UL93), 4.6.2006 [GSPC]; Rtič Ronek, 80m (UL94), 10.8.2005 [GSPC]; Gažon 170m (UL94), 9.7.2015; Belveder nad Izolo (UL94), 5.6.2017; Ankaran (VL04), 27.6.2017; Brič, 280m (VL03), 17.5.2017; Kubed (VL14), 5.6.2017; Gabrovica pri Črnem Kalu (VL14), 18.07.2018 [GSPC; Figs. 24.3 – 24.4]; Vrtojba (UL98), 28.5.2010; Podsabotin(UL99),14.5.2019;Kojsko(UL99),4.5.2007;ŠmartnovBrdih(UL89),10.5.2009. ProbablymorewidelydistributedinsouthwesternSlovenia. Host plant: Olea europaea (Oleaceae)[Fig. 24.2]. Biology: Bivoltine;overwinteringasadultson the hostplant;occasionallya minor pestin olive plantations. 25.*Euphyllura phillyreae Foerster, 1848 [Figs. 25.1–25.5] New records: Dragonja(UL93),17.5.2017,31.8.2017[GSPC]and15.5.32018[Figs. 25.3–25.5]. Host plants: Phillyrea latifolia [Fig. 25.2]. Olea europaea (Oleaceae). Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringasadultsonthehostplants(Concietal. 1993);nymph [Fig. 25.5]. Livia Latreille, 1802 26. Livia junci (Schrank, 1789) [Figs. 26.1–26.4] Flor, 1861b:Poljčane(asPöltschach); Löw,1888:Gorica(asGörz;A.Henschleg.);Lesce(asLees;F.Thenleg.);Ljubljana(asLaibach); Janežič, 1989:Podsabotin(UL99); SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 Seljak, 2006: Panovec (UL98), 10.09.2000; Podčela (UM83), 16.09.2002 [GSPC]; Planinsko polje(VL47),28.06.2001[GSPC];Tolmin(VM01),12.10.2002[GSPC]; New records:NovaGorica(UL98),18.6.2005and9.10.2005;Šmihel(VL08),8.4.2005[GSPC]; Gradišče pri Vipavi (VL17), 1.10.2017, 13.6.2018 and 16.8.2018; Vodice, 930m (VL28), 25.7.2018; Tolmin (VM01), 24.6.2016 [Figs. 26.3–26.4]; Vojsko – Gačnik,920m(VM10),12.7.2016;Staroselo,240m(UM82),24.8.2016;Jelovica(VM32), 3.9.2005; Pokljuka (VM23), 2.9.2005 [GSPC]; Žejna dolina, 560m (VL39), 4.12.2018; Zakraj (Bloška planota), 750m (VL67), 17.7.2017; Rakitna, 800m(VL58),12.9.2008[GSPC];Mirtovičkipotok(VL84),21.7.2013;Volovjek, 1040m(VM72),30.7.2005[GSPC];Puščava(WL18),17.6.2006. Host plants: Oligophagouson Juncus spp. (Juncaceae)[Fig. 26.2];inducingleafdeformations androsette-likegalls. Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringasadults,oftenonconifers(Ossiannilsson,1992). Psyllopsis Löw,1879 27.*Psyllopsis discrepans (Flor, 1861) [Figs. 27.1–27.4] New records:Ankaran(VL04),17.5.2017and16.05.2018[GSPC;Figs. 27.3 –27.4]. Host plants: Fraxinus angustifolia [Fig. 27.2] and other Fraxinus spp. (Oleaceae) (Ossiannilsson,1992). Biology: Possiblybivoltine;overwinteringaseggs;nymphsinleafgalls. 28. Psyllopsis distinguenda Edwards, 1913 [Figs. 28.1] Seljak, 2006:Bled(VM33),19.8.2002,2+[GSPC;det. P. Lauterer]. Host plant: Fraxinus excelsior (Oleaceae). Biology: Bivoltine;overwinteringaseggs(Lauterer, 1982). Remark: TheoccurrenceofthisspeciesinSloveniaispoorlydocumented.Thetwofemales intheauthor’scollectionidentifiedas P. distinguenda byP. Lauterermaybelong to P. fraxini. 29. Psyllopsis fraxini (Linnaeus, 1758) [Figs. 29.1–29.4] Scopoli, 1763:Carniola(centralpartofmodern-daySlovenia);sub Chermes fraxini; Löw, 1888 Lesce(asLees,leg. F. Then); Gräffe, 1911:Tolmin(asTolmein); Vondráček, 1951:Bovec(asFlitsch)[MMBC,incoll. L. Melichar]; Janežič, 1989: Beltinci (WM96), Bohinjska Bistrica (VM12), Borovnica (VL58), Brežice (WL48), Cankova (WM77), Cerknica (VL57), Črna na Koroškem (VM84), Dol pri Ljubljani (VM70), Dravograd (WM05), Fara (VL66), Grad v Prekmurju (WM88), Ilirska Bistrica (VL44), Izlake (VM91), Kanal (UM90), Kobarid (UM92), Kočevje (VL85), Komen (VL07), Kranj (VM51), Laško (WM11), Lendava (XM15), Litija (VM8601), Ljubljana – Rožna dolina (VL59), Ljutomer (WM95),Logatec(VL48),Maribor(WM45),Mengeš(VM61),Metlika(WL25), Miklavž pri Ormožu (WM94), Mojstrana (VM14), Most na Soči (VM01), Novo mesto (WL17), Ormož (WM83), Pivka (VL36), Podbrdo (VM21), Podlehnik (WM63), Polhov Gradec (VM40), Preddvor (VM52), Ptuj (WM64), Rakek (VL47), Rakitna (VL58), Ribnica (VL76), Rogaška Slatina (WM42), Selnica ob Dravi (WM35), Sevnica (WL29), Slovenj Gradec (WM05), Središče (WM93),ŠkofjaLoka(VM41),Veržej(WM95),Vinica(WL23),Vitanje(WM23),Vurberk(WM64),Zbilje(VM51),Žiri(VM30); Seljak,2006:Panovec(UL98),21.08.2001and29.08.2003[GSPC];Breginj –PlaninanaKlinu, 900m (UM72), 22.08.2003 [GSPC]; Log Čezsoški (UM83), 16.09.2002 [GSPC]; Vojsko, 1050m (VL19), 22.08.2003; Studeno (VL37), 06.06.1999; Bohinjska Bistrica (VM12), 19.08.2002 [GSPC]; Nemški Rovt, 750m (VM22), 14.08.2003 [GSPC];Lesce(VM33);Bled(VM33),19.08.2002; New records:Ajba (UM90), 5.6.2005 [GSPC]; Kucelj, 1140mm (VL08), 30.8.2018; Podkraj (VL28), 4.6.2018 [Fig. 29.3]; Hruševje pri Postojni, 535m (VL36), 12.9.2015 [GSPC]; Črni vrh, 850m (VL28), 12.6.2009; Kozaršče (VM01), 24.5.2018 [Fig. 29.4]; Grant, 700m (VM11), 12.6.2010 [GSPC]; Bukovo (VM11), 3.8.2008 [GSPC] and 12.6.2010; Labinje, 850m (VM21), 17.6.2017 and 1.11.2018; Gorenji Novaki, 1030m (VM21), 4.7.2009; Bohinjsko jezero (W) (VM12), 12.8.2008; Osilnica (VL74), 20.7.2013; Podsreda, Socko, 300m (WL49), 17.6.2006 [GSPC]; GolobinjekobSotli,200m(WM40),16.6.2006. CommonandwidelydistributedalloverSlovenia. Host plants: Fraxinus excelsior (Oleaceae)[Fig. 29.2]andsomeother Fraxinus spp. Biology: Bivoltine;overwinteringaseggs;nymphsingallsonleaves. 30. Psyllopsis fraxinicola (Foerster, 1848) [Figs. 30.1–30.4] Löw, 1888:Kranjska(asKrain,centralpartofmodern-daySlovenia); Seljak, 2006:Banjšice(UL99),18.07.2004;Krn,1100m(UM92),05.07.2003[GSPC];Bukovo (VM11), 13.07.2002 [GSPC]; Dolenji Novaki (VM21), 20.07.2003 [GSPC]; Ljubljana(VL69),22.05.2003[GSPC –slide]; New records:Ankaran (VL04), 16.05.2018 [Figs. 30.3–30.4]; Senožeče (VL26), 19.6.2005 and 16.7.2011;Kromberk(UL99),6.6.2010;Ajševica(UL99),26.05.2018;DolinaIdrije (UM80), 11.6.2006; Ajba (UM90), 5.6.2005 [GSPC]; Kanal (UM90), 5.6.2005; Gabrje pri Tolminu, 180m (UM91), 3.7.2008; Podkraj (VL27), 20.6.2008 [GSPC – slide] and 04.06.2018; Črni vrh, 850m (VL28), 12.6.2009; Mrzli Log (VL28), 27.6.2015; Grant, 700m (VM11), 12.6.2010 [GSPC – slide]; Labinje,500m (VM21), 22.6.2013; Golubinjek, 200m (WM40), 16.6.2006; Šmartno na Pohorju(WM44),08.07.1986[PMSL,B. Sketleg.]. Host plant: Fraxinus excelsior (Oleaceae)[Fig. 30.2]. Biology: Likelybivoltine;overwinteringaseggs;nymphslivingfreely,notinducinggalls. SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 31. Psyllopsis meliphila Lw, 1881 [Figs. 31.1–31.5] Löw, 1888:Lesce(asLees,thetypelocality;F. Thenleg.); Seljak, 2006: Matenja vas (VL36), 05.10.2004; Sabotin, 600m (UL99), 10.09.2002 [GSPC]; Grgar, 300m (UL99), 16.07.2004; Rabotnica (VL07), 30.06.2002 [GSPC];Železna vrata (VL07), 27.06.2003; Nanos, Rebernice 600m (VL27), 06.07.2002 [GSPC];Vrsno(UM91),05.07.2003[GSPC]; New records:Dragonja (UL93), 26.5.2016 and 31.8.2017; Paderna, 220m (UL94), 1.6.2009; Kavaliči,250m(VL04),9.7.2015;Rakitovec(VL13),11.9.2016;Črnikal(VL14), 9.6.2011; Klariči (UL97), 3.7.2013; Kozina, 540m (VL15), 28.08.2018 [Fig. 31.4]; Grgar, 300m (UL99), 16.7.2004; Kromberk (UL99), 11.6.2005 [GSPC], 26.05.2013 [Fig. 31.5] and 26.9.2019 [Fig. 31.3]; Vogrsko (VL08), 2.7.2006; Osek (VL08),2.7.2006;Ravnica(UL99),18.6.2015;GornjeCerovo(UL89),10.7.2005; Golobrdo(UM80),11.6.2006;DolinaIdrije(UM80),11.6.2006;Korada(UM80), 19.10.2013; Gradišče pri Vipavi (Mlake) (VL17), 17.06.2018; Rebrnice, 500m (VL27), 17.06.2018; Malo Polje (VL28), 27.6.2015; Labinje (VM21), 17.9.2011 [GSPC]; Kozja peč, 400m (WL59), 16.6.2006; Virštanj (WM40), 16.6.2006 [GSPC]. Host plants: Fraxinus ornus [Fig. 31.2], F. pensylvanica,probablyalsootherFraxinus species (Oleaceae). Biology: Bivoltine; overwintering as eggs; nymphs [Fig. 31.5] of the first generation in MayandJune,thesecondinAugustandSeptember;notinducinggallsonleaves. Strophingia Enderlein,1914 32. Strophingia ericae (Curtis, 1835) [Figs. 32.1–32.4] Löw, 1888:Gorica(asGörz,A. Henschleg.); Seljak, 2006: Smrečje (VL39), 12.06.2002 on Erica carnea [GSPC]; Smrekovec, 1500m (VM94),22.06.2002[GSPC]; New records: StaraGora(UL98),17.6.2011[GSPC]and9.5.2014[Figs. 32.3 –32.5];Porezen, 1250m(VM21),25.6.2011[GSPC]. Host plants: Calluna vulgaris [Fig. 32.2], Erica carnea (Ericaceae)(Lauterer,1977). Biology: Univoltine,overwinteringasinstarlarvae;adultsfromMaytoJuly. PSYLLIDAE Latreille, 1807 Acizziinae White & Hodkinson, 1985 Acizzia Heslop-Harrison,1961 33. Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae (Froggatt, 1901) [Figs. 33.1–33.2] Seljaket al., 2004; Seljak, 2006:Vrtojba(UL98),6.5.2002[GSPC;Fig. 33.1]. Host plant: Acacia baileyana (Fabaceae). Biology: Multivoltine,overwinteringonthehostplant(Rapisarda,1985). Remark: An alien species, native to Australia; in Slovenia, recorded only transitionally in anurserywithornamentalplants,butnotestablished. 34. Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama, 1908) [Figs. 34.1–34.5] Seljak, 2003; Seljaket al., 2004; Seljak, 2006:NovaGorica(UL99),27.07.2002,02.08.2002 and 26.3.2006 [GSPC]; Solkan(UL99), 09.09.2002; Sabotin(UL99), 10.09.2002; Vrtovče (VL17), 24.07.2003; Slap pri Vipavi (VL17), 12.07.2004; Strunjan (UL94), 12.09.2003; Koper (VL04), 11.09.2002; Lucija (VL04), 11.07.2003; Vipolže(UL89),25.04.2004;Paljevo(UL99),20.09.2003; New records:Vale pri Brestovici (UL97), 6.8.2005; Šempeter pri Gorici (UL98), 2.11.2008 and 22.9.2013; NovaGorica(UL99), 15. 11. 2015[GSPC –slide; Figs. 34.3–34.5] and 17.8.2018 [Fig. 34.4]; Kozana (UL89), 23.6.2005; Fojana (UL89), 10.7.2005; Višnjevik(UL89),10.7.2005;Ročinj(UM90),8.9.2005; As the vagrants on other plants far awayfrom thehost plant:Korada, 620m (UM80), 11.6.2006; Krnica, 1050m (VL08), 28.9.2008; Čaven, 1250m (VL18), 28.9.2008. Host plant: Albizia julibrissin (Fabaceae)[Fig. 34.2]. Biology: Multivoltine, up to four generations per year; overwinters as an adult on its host plantandonconifers. SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 Psyllinae Latreille, 1807 Arytaina Förster,1848 35. Arytaina genistae (Latreille, 1805) [Figs. 35.1–35.3] Seljak, 2006:Počehova(WM55),10.8.2004,amaletrappedonayellowstickytrap[J.Miklavc leg.]; New record: Dragomer (VL59), 3.06.2019 on Cytisus praecox [A. Kuhelj leg.], [GSPC; Fig. 35.3]. Host plants: Cytisus scoparius [Fig. 35.2], C. praecox; according to Ossiannilsson (1992) also C. austriacus, C. heufelli, Genista tinctoria and Ulex auropaeus (Fabaceae). Biology: Multivoltine, with 2–3 generations per year; overwintering as adults on the host plant(Concietal.,1993). Remark: The species may be expected to occur more commonly in the north-eastern part ofSlovenia,where Cytisus scoparius growsmorecommonly. Arytainilla Loginova, 1972 36. *Arytainilla spartiophila (Foerster, 1848) [Figs. 36.1–36.5] New records:Panovec(UL99),6.5.2019[GSPC;Fig. 36.5]and22.5.2019[Figs. 36.3–36.4]. Host plant: Cytisus scoparius (Fabaceae)[Fig. 36.2]. Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringaseggsonthehostplant(Conci etal.,1993). Baeopelma Enderlein, 1926 37. Baeopelma colorata (Lw, 1888) [Figs. 37.1–37.4] Löw, 1888:Gorica(asGörz,thetypelocality,A. Henschleg.); Seljak, 2006: Lijak (UL99), 02.05.2002 [GSPC – slide]; Kromberk (UL99), 11.06.2005; Solkan (UL99), 05.05.2002 [GSPC]; Nova Gorica (UL99), 02.08.2002 [GSPC] and 18.05.2003; Ravnica (UL99), 25.07.2003; Orlek, 345m (VL05), 19.06.2005;Železna vrata (VL07), 27.06.2003; Črniške Ravne (VL08), 03.07.2004; Ajdovščina – Hubelj (VL18), 01.06.2002; Nanos, 950m (VL27), 06.07.2002 [GSPC]and16.07.2004;Col,720m(VL28);14.07.2001;SpodnjeBukovo(VM11), 13.07.2002;Labinje,700m(VM21),20.07.2003and22.08.2004[GSPC]; New records:Korte, 170m (UL93), 17.5.2009; Kubed (VL14), 17.7.2012; Krvavi potok, 550m (VL15), 6.7.2008; Rodik (VL15), 6.7.2008; Kozina (VL15), 2.6.2011; Pared (Kačiče), 450m (VL25), 19.5.2018; Lokev, 425m (VL15), 13.5.2017; Gabrče, 610m (VL26), 19.5.2018; Dolenja vas, 560m (VL26), 19.5.2018; Planina (VL17), 8.6.2006; Stomaž, 400m (VL18), 11.5.2008; Rebrnice (VL27), 2.7.2011 and 17.06.2018 [Fig. 37.3]; Malo Polje (VL28), 27.6.2015; Kromberk (UL99), 2.05.2016 [Fig. 37.4]; Sabotin (UL99), 15.6.2008; Kuk nad Anhovim, 640m (UL99), 25.7.2009; Grgar (UL99), 27.5.2012; Dolina Idrije (UM80), 11.6.2006; Golo brdo (UM80), 11.6.2006; Korada, 620m (UM80), 11.6.2006 and 31.5.2014; Senik,550m(UM80),11.6.2006;SlapBoka(UM83),15.7.2006;Kobilica,680m (VM00),17.8.2006and8.7.2007;Čepovan(VelikeVrše),850m(VM00),9.7.2007; Rut, 980m (VM11), 12.6.2010; Kojca, 670m (VM11), 8.8.2010; Orehek (VM11), 5.6.2015; Labinje (VM21), 17. 09. 2011 [GSPC]; Draga (Ig) (VL68), 20.5.2017; Osilnica,825m(VL74),20.7.2013;ZgornjiČačič(VL74),20.7.2013;Straškagora (WL06),31.5.2007;BlatnikpriČrmošnjicah(WL15),1.6.2007;Kozjapeč,400m (WL59),16.6.2006;Vetrnik,700m(WM40),17.6.2006[GSPC]. Host plant: Ostrya carpinifolia (Betulaceae)[Fig. 37.2]. Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as eggs, adults from late April to mid-August on the hostplant,vagrantsalsoonotherplants;nymph[Fig. 37.4]. 38. Baeopelma foersteri (Flor, 1861) [Figs. 38.1–38.4] Löw, 1888:Gorica(asGörz,A. Henschleg.);HraščepriPostojni(asHrasche);Lesce(asLees, F. Thenleg.); Gräffe, 1911:Tolmin(asTolmein); Seljak, 2006: Nova Gorica (UL98), 12.07.2003 [GSPC]; Kromberk (UL99), 11.06.2005; Banjšice (VL09), 8.07.2004 [GSPC]; Postojna (VL37), 06.06.1999; Labinje, 800m(VM21),22.08.2004[GSPC];Muriša(XM24),26.07.2004. New records:Vogrsko (VL08), 8.7.2010; Šempas (VL08), 21.07.2019 [Figs. 38.3–38.4];Baske, 600m (UL99), 22.5.2011 [GSPC – slide]; Kanalskivrh, 640m (UM90), 6.7.2016; GradiščepriVipavi(VL17),13.6.2006;Podraga(VL17),18.7.2016;Landol,530m (VL37), 18.7.2016; Hotedršica, 560m (VL38), 26.8.2016; Dolnji Zemon (VL44), 1.7.2007; Spodnje Bukovo, 390m (VM11), 12.6.2010; Spodnje Bukovo (VM11), 24.7.2016;Gorje,580m(VM21),8.8.2010and5.6.2015; Labinje,900m(VM21), 18.8.2012; Gorenji Novaki (VM21), 7.7.2018 [GSPC]; Bukovščica (VM42), 17.7.2010;Draga(Ig),315m(VL68),19.5.2017;Osilnica(VL74),20.7.2013;Preval pri Podutiku (VM50), 6.6.2012; Preloge, 360m (WL15), 31.5.2007; Blatnik pri Črmošnjicah(WL15),1.6.2007;Golubinjek,200m(WM40),16.6.2006. Host plants: Alnus glutinosa [Fig. 38.2], A. incana (Betulaceae). Biology: Univoltine; overwinters as eggs (Ossiannilsson, 1992), adults from May to Augustonthehostplants. SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 Cacopsylla Ossiannilsson, 1970 39. Cacopsylla affinis (L, 1880) [Figs. 39.1–39.3] Seljak, 2006: Labinje, 670m (VM21), 20.07.2003; Hoče pri Mariboru (WM45), 10.04.2002 [leg. Lešnik]; New records:Snežnik, 1600m (VL54), 27.7.2017 [GSPC]; Vogrsko (VL08), 10.3.2007; Kromberk (UL99), 17.5.2016 [GSPC]; Baske (UL99), 5.5.2016 [GSPC]; Korada,620m (UM80), 11.6.2006 [GSPC]; Škofje, 960m (VM21), 17. 02. 2019 [GSPC]; DolpriBorovnici(VL48),10.5.2017[leg.R.Šturm];Ljubljana(VM60),17.6.1971 [PMSL,B. Sketleg.];SelopriProsenjakovcih,277m(WM97),1.4.2015[GSPC]. Host plants: Crataegus spp. (Rosaceae)[Fig. 39.2]. Biology: Univoltine; adults occur nearly throughout the year; from March to June on the hostplants,lateronshelterplants(conifers),onwhichtheyoverwinter. 40. Cacopsylla albipes (Flor, 1861) [Figs. 40.1–40.6] Löw, 1888:Trnovskigozd(asTarnovanerwald,A. Henschleg.); Seljak, 2006:Kromberk(UL99),21.03.2002and04.04.2004[GSPC]; New records:Kromberk, 330m (UL99), 06.05.2012 [GSPC – slide; Figs. 40.5–40.6] and 15.03.2019 [Figs. 40.3–40.4]; Vitovski vrh, 900m (VL08), 22.4.2007 [GSPC]; Cimprovka,1250m(VM21),23.10.2012[GSPC]. Host plants: Sorbus aucuparia, S. domestica [Fig. 40.2](Rosaceae). Biology: Univoltine; adults occur almost throughout the year; from March to June on its hostplant,lateronshelterplants –conifers. Immaturescauseleafandshootmal­formations[Fig. 40.6]. 41. Cacopsylla ambigua (Foerster, 1848) [Figs. 41.1–41.4] Löw, 1888:Gorica(asGörz,A. Henschleg);Belapeč(asWeissenfels); Seljak, 2006: Kromberk (UL99), 28.4.2002 [GSPC]; Panovec (UL98), 9.7.2005 [GSPC]; ZadnjaTrenta(VM03),24.7.2005[GSPC]; New records:Vrtojba (UL98), 11.4.2017; Solkan (UL99), 21.5.2006 [GSPC]; Baske, 600m (UL99), 22.5.2011 and 5.5.2016; Kanalski vrh (UM90), 18.5.2013; Banjšice (VL09), 13.5.2006 [GSPC]; Kozaršče (VM01), 24.5.2018; Kolovrat (UM91), 16.6.2013and24.6.2016;Robič(UM82),14.4.2007;SlapBoka(UM83),15.7.2006 [GSPC] and 12.4.2011 [GSPC – slide]; Soča (UM93), 12.4.2011 and 30.5.2018; Trenta (VM04), 9.7.1984 [PMSL, B. Sket leg.]; Rut, 1200m (VM11), 12.6.2010; Spodnje Bukovo (VM11), 24.4.2011 [GSPC]; Cimprovka, 1200m (VM21), 27.5.2017; Gorenji Novaki, 1025m (VM21), 27.5.2017; Soriška planina (VM22), 3.7.2008; Črni vrh, 850m (VL28), 12.6.2009; Grobišče, 523m (VL36), 7.5.2018 [Fig. 41.4]; Hotedršica (VL38), 15.5.2017 and 23.06.2018 [GSPC; Fig. 41.3]; Godovič(VL29),10.05.2019;Bukovščica(VM42),17.7.2010;PrevalpriPodutiku (VM50),6.6.2012;Volčje,750m(VL67),18.05.2019. Host plants: Salix spp., particularly S. eleagnos [Fig. 41.2], S. cinerea, S. caprea and S. appendiculata (Salicaceae). Biology: Bivoltine; overwintering asthefirstand second instar nymphson the host plants (Lauterer,1976),adultsoccurfromApriltoAugust. Remark: Two colour morphs that may belong to two distinct species but are morphologi­callyindistinguishablewerereportedbyLauterer et Burckhardt(1997).Both forms also occur in Slovenia: an ochraceous morph on S. eleagnos [Fig. 41.3] and a light green morph on sallows (S. caprea, S. appendiculata, S. cinerea) [Fig. 41.4]. 42. Cacopsylla bidens (Šulc, 1907) [Figs. 42.1–42.4] Seljak, 2006:Vedrijan(UL89),26.5.2003[GSPC];NovaGorica(UL98),9.5.2002[GSPC]; New records:Dragonja (UL93), 14.4.2011 [GSPC]; Kromberk (UL99), 4.7.2006 [GSPC], 17.5.2016[GSPC]and1.5.2018[GSPC;Figs. 42.3–42.4]. Host plant: Pyrus communis [Fig. 42.2], according to Burckhardt et Hodkinson (1986) also P. pyraster and P. syriaca (Rosaceae). Biology: Multivoltine,with3–5generationsperyear;adultsoccurthroughouttheyearand overwinter on the host plant (Burckhardt et Hodkinson, 1986; Conci et al., 1993). 43. Cacopsylla breviantennata (Flor, 1861) [Figs. 43.1–43.4] Seljak, 2006: Kromberk (UL99), 10.12.2000 [GSPC] and 08.02.2001 [GSPC]; Šmihel, 600m (VL08), 31.03.2002; Kopitnik, 940m (VL08), 31.12.2004; Lijak, 500m (VL09), 02.05.2002; Pri Peči (VL09), 02.05.2004; Trnovo (VL09), 31.12.2004; Nanos, 900m (VL26),16.10.2001 [GSPC]; Podkraj (VL28), 12.05.2002 and 30.05.2002; Strmica –Zaplana(VL48),12.05.2002;Hudournik(VM10),20.05.2001;Spodnje Bukovo(VM11),11.03.2001[GSPC]and29.04.2001;Orehek(VM11),25.04.1999; Labinje(VM21),13.10.2002;Dravograd,04.05.2004; New records: Bertoki (VL04), 22.6.2007; Starod, 670m (VL33), 7.02.2019; Podgrad, 550m (VL34), 7.02.2019; Trstelj, 350m (UL98), 26.04.2019; Gradišče pri Vipavi, 115m (VL17), 29.9.2016; Stomaž, 500m (VL18), 11.5.2008; Lokavec, 710m (VL18),23.10.2015 [GSPC –slide;Fig. 43.4];Rebrnice, 520m (VL26), 16.4.2011 [GSPC]; Prelože (VL35), 28.3.2014; Sviščaki, 680m (VL44), 11.2.2016; Slejki, 450m (VL08), 29.4.2005; Baske, 600m (UL99), 20.10.2007 and 05.05.2018; Ravnica(UL99),4.11.2007;Grgar(UL99),5.5.2016;Korada(UM80),19.10.2013; Lig, 625m (UM90), 19.10.2013; Kolovrat, 1150m (UM91), 16.6.2013 and 15.11.218 [Fig. 43.3]; Vitovski vrh (VL08), 21.4.2007; Kucelj (VL08), 16.9.2012 and18.10.2015; Banjšice (VL09), 13.5.2006 and 19.3.2014; Čepovanska reber SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 (VL09),9.5.2015;Lokovec(VL09),8.4.2018;Podgozd(VL09),7.12.2016;Lazna,970m (VL09), 7.12.2016; Mrzli Log, 875m (VL28), 4.12.2018; Žejna dolina, 560m (VL39), 4.12.2018; Kolovrat, 1060m (UM91), 15.11.2018; Izvir Soče, 920m (VM04), 12.4.2011; Ponikve – Zagomilica, 760m (VM11), 26.12.2019;Bukovski vrh, 820m (VM11), 26.02.2019; Škofje, 960m (VM21), 17.02.2019; Blegoš, 1500m (VM31), 17.10.2019; Cimprovka, 1250m (VM21), 23.10.2012; Lajnar,1500m(VM22),23.10.2012;Draga(Ig)(VL68),20.5.2017. Host plant: Sorbus aria (Rosaceae)[Fig. 43.2]. Biology: Most likely bivoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers; adults occur on the hostplantfromApriltoJuneandtheninSeptemberandOctober;thelastnymphs [Fig. 43.4]wereobservedinlateOctober. 44. Cacopsylla brunneipennis (Edwards, 1896) [Figs. 44.1–44.4] Seljak, 2006: Panovec (UL98), 12.05.2005; Črni vrh (Cerkno), 1230m (VM21), 20.07.2003 [GSPC];Pohorskidvor(WM45),12.05.2002,M. Lešnikleg. [GSPC]; New records:Ankaran (VL04), 17.5.2017; Bilje (UL98), 19.04.2018; Miren (UL98), 14.02.2019 [Fig. 44.3]; Nova Gorica (UL99), 1. 05. 2006 [GSPC – slide]; Ajševica (UL99), 28.04.2006 [GSPC] and 20.04.2013 [GSPC – slide]; Baske (UL99), 5.5.2016; Kanal, 95m (UM90), 23.02.2019; Kanalski vrh (UM90), 18.5.2013; Kolovrat, 1100m (UM91), 8.9.2012, 2.4.2016 and 25.8.2019 [Fig. 44.4]; Kucelj, 1150m (VL08), 13.8.2006 and 18.10.2015; Selovec, 1200m (VL08), 13.8.2006; Mala Lazna (VL09), 9.5.2015; Nemci, 880m (VL09), 13.6.2015; Trnovo (VL09), 6.9.2015; Dolga Poljana (VL18), 26.4.2016; Mrzli Log (VL28), 27.6.2015; Hotedršica (VL38), 15.5.2017; Matajur, 1300m (UM81), 24.8.2016; Zadnja Trenta, 970m (VM03), 28.7.2007; Vršič, 1400m (VM04), 15.8.2012; Slap ob Idrijci, 180m (VM00), 26.02.2019; Spodnje Bukovo (VM11), 24.4.2011 [GSPC]; Labinje, 680m (VM21), 9.9.2006 [GSPC]; Porezen, 1300m (VM21), 25.6.2011 and27.5.2017;Cimprovka,1250m(VM21),23.10.2012;GorenjiNovaki(VM21), 27.5.2017; Blegoš, 1500m (VM31), 17.10.2019; Sviščaki, 680m (VL44), 11.2.2016; Snežnik, 1600m (VL54), 27.7.2017; Grobišče (VL36), 07.05.2018; Dolenje Jezero, 550m (VL56), 23.03.2019; Ljubljana – Rakova Jelša, 300m (VL69), 19.02.2019; Mlinarjevo sedlo, 1300m (VM63), 15.8.2007; Runtole, 270m (WM22), 6.03.2019; Maribor – Sp. Radvanje, 285m (WM45), 6.03.2019; SelopriProsenjakovcih,260m(WM97),4.2.2016. Host plants: Salix spp.; in Slovenia recorded on S. purpurea, S. cinerea [Fig. 44.2], S. caprea and S. appendiculata (Salicaceae). Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers; adults occur on the hostplants fromFebruarytoJuly. 45.*Cacopsylla corcontum (Šulc, 1909) [Figs. 45.1–45.3] New records:Mala Lazna (VL09), 23.6.2011 [GSPC; Fig. 45.3]; Blegoš, 1300m (VM21), 8.8.2009[GSPC];Porezen,1360m(VM21),27.5.2017[GSPC]. Host plant: Sorbus aucuparia (Rosaceae)[Fig. 45.2]. Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers; adults occur on the host plant fromMaytoAugust,nymphsinMaytoJuly(Ossiannilsson,1992). 46. Cacopsylla crataegi (Schrank, 1801) [Figs. 46.1–46.4] Löw, 1888: Gorica (as Görz, A. Hensch leg); Nanos (as Berg Nanos); Lesce (as Lees, F. Then leg.); Gräffe, 1911:Primorska(asKüstenland); Seljak, 2006: Skalnica, 320m (UL99), 13.06.1999; Ravnica (UL99), 17.06.2001; Kromberk(UL99), 04.04.2004; Šmihel (VL08), 31.03.2002 [GSPC]; Sanabor (VL28), 10.05.2002;Gozd,800m(VL18),25.05.1999;Vojsko,1050m(VL19),23.08.2003 [GSPC];Podkraj,850m(VL28),05.07.1999; New records:Škodelin (UL93), 15.5.2005; Parecag (UL93), 4.6.2006; Nova vas nad Dragonjo (VL04), 27.4.2012; Korte, 170m (UL93), 17.5.2009 [GSPC – slide]; Belvedere (UL94),25.5.2008;Petrinjskikras(VL14),27.4.2008;Črnotiče(VL14),27.4.2008; Črnikal(VL14),14.4.2011;Kreplje,300m(VL06),16.04.2019;Vremščica(VL25), 16.7.2011; Zavrhek (VL25), 26.3.2012; Dolenja vas, 560m (VL26), 19.05.2018; Senadole (VL26), 19.6.2005; Lokvica, 215m (UL97), 8.5.2004; Klariči (UL97), 3.7.2013; Nova Gorica (UL98), 23.12.2006; Renče (UL98), 6.4.2008; Ravnica (UL99), 4.11.2007; Vitovlje, 100m (VL08), 20.4.2008; Baske (UL99), 5.5.2016; Prilesje(UL99),27.04.2018[Fig.46.4];Senik,550m(UM80),11.6.2006;Kolovrat, 1110m (UM91), 2.4.2016; Lokovec, 830m (VM00), 10.5.2014; Selovec, 1200m (VL08), 13.8.2006 [GSPC]; Krnica, 1050m (VL08), 28.9.2008; Kucelj (VL08), 16.9.2012; Banjšice (VL09), 13.5.2006; Trnovo, 700m (VL09), 22.4.2007; Mala Lazna, 1110m (VL09), 23.10.2015; Čaven, 1250m (VL18), 28.9.2008; Dolga poljana,350m(VL18),22.4.2005;Rebrnice,520m(VL26),16.4.2011;Porečepri Podnanosu (VL27), 20.6.2006; Orehek pri Postojni (VL36), 07.05.2018; Nanos (VL27), 2.7.2011 [GSPC]; Sviščaki, 680m (VL44), 11.2.2016; Petelinjsko jezero (VL46), 14.07.2019; Planinsko polje, 450m (VL47), 23.03.2019; Dolenje Jezero, 550m(VL56),23.03.2019;Podcerkev,620m(VL56),17.05.2019;Labinje,750m (VM21), 13.04.2019 [Fig. 46.3]; Sečje selo,170m (WL13), 3.6.2007; Kozja peč, 400m(WL59),16.6.2006;SelopriProsenjakovcih,277m(WM97),1.4.2015. Host plants: Crataegus spp. (Rosaceae)[Fig. 46.2]. Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers; adults occur on the host plants fromApriltomid-July. SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 47.*Cacopsylla elegantula (Zetterstedt, 1840) [Figs. 47.1–47.3] New records:Izvir Soče, 920m (VM04),12.4.2011, P.Lautererleg.etdet.[GSPC]; Lajnar, 1500m(VM22),23.10.2012[GSPC]. Host plants: Salix sect. Capreae[Fig. 47.2](Salicaceae)(Ossiannilsson,1992). Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers (Ossiannilsson, 1992); adults occuronthehostplantsinApriltoMayandinAugust. 48. Cacopsylla fulguralis (Kuwayama, 1908) [Figs. 48.1–48.4] Seljak, 2017: Nova Gorica, 100m (UL99), 16.4.2015 [GSPC; Fig. 48.4] and 10.4.2019 [Fig. 48.3]; Kromberk (UL99), 19.4.2015, 26.2.2016 and 24.4.2017 [GSPC]; Ajševica (UL99),21.6.2017. Host plant: Elaeagnus spp. (den Bieman et al. 2019), in Slovenia recorded on E.× submacrophylla (Elaeagnaceae)[Fig. 48.2]. Biology: Multivoltine;overwinteringasadultsonthehostplant(den Biemanetal. 2019). 49. Cacopsylla intermedia (Lw, 1888) [Figs. 49.1–49.2] Löw, 1888:Gorica(asGörz –thetypelocality,A. Henschleg.). Host plant: Salix purpurea [Fig. 49.2], S. viminalis (Salicaceae)(Lauterer,1999). Biology: Univoltine;overwintersaseggs;adultsoccurfromJunetoSeptember(Lauterer, 1999). Remark: SinceLöw(1888),thespecieshasnotbeenrecordedintheregionontheItalian-Slovenianbordersagain(Conci etal.,1993). 50. Cacopsylla iteophila (Lw, 1876) [Figs. 50.1–50.5] Seljak, 2006: Kanal ob Soči (UM90), 03.04.2005 and 05.06.2005 [GSPC]; Tolmin (VM01), 11.04.2004[GSPC]and03.04.2005; New records: Miren, 55m (UL98), 2.5.2012 and 12.03.2019 [Fig. 50.3–50.5]; Kanal, 95m (UM90),23.02.2019;BačapriModreju,150m(VM01),17.3.2012;Kamno,190m (UM92), 15.03.2019; Volarje, 180m (UM91), 15.03.2019; Robič, 240m (UM82), 14.4.2007[GSPC];SlapBoka,350m(UM83),14.4.2007,Soča –VKlancu,500m (UM93),30.5.2018. Host plants: Salix eleagnos [Fig. 50.2];also S. euxina (Salicaceae)(Conci etal.,1993). Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringasadultsonconifers(Conci etal.,1993). 51. Cacopsylla mali (Schmidberg, 1836) [Figs. 51.1–51.3] Löw, 1888: Belapeč(asWeissenfels);Lesce(asLees,F. Thenleg.); Seljak,2006: Ušnik(VM01),13.07.2002;Čadrg(VM01),26.06.2004;Lepena,700m(UM92), 22.08.2003; Spodnje Bukovo (VM11), 13.07.2002 [GSPC]; Črni vrh (Cerkno), 1230m (VM21), 20.07.2003; Vojsko, 1050m (VL19), 23.08.2003; Strmica pri Zaplani(VL48),12.05.2002[GSPC];Rakitnica(VL85),25.08.2003; New records:Vremščica(VL25),16.7.2011;Krnica,1000m(VL08),14.8.2011;Čaven,1240m (VL18), 14.8.2011; Velike Vrše, 850m (VM00), 8.7.2007 [GSPC]; Grant, 700m (VM11), 12.6.2010; Rut, 750m (VM11), 12.6.2010 [GSPC]; Labinje, 700m (VM21), 18.8.2012; Lopata 260m (WM12), 28.9.2010; Virštanj (WM40), 16.6.2006;SelopriProsenjakovcih(WM97),6.5.2016. Host plant: Malus spp.(Rosaceae)[Fig.51.2],butvagrantspecimensweresweptfromseveral othertrees(e.g. Pyrus spp. Sorbus aucuparia, Betula pendula, Quercus spp.). Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as eggs; oviposition in September and October (Lauterer,1994). 52. Cacopsylla melanoneura (Foerster, 1848) [Figs. 52.1–52.6] Flor, 1861a:Ljubljana(asLaibach;as Psylla pityophila Flor,1861); Löw, 1888:Ljubljana(afterFlor,1861a);Gorica(asGörz,A. Henschleg.); Seljak, 2006: Škodelin (UL93), 15.5.2005; Kastelec (VL14), 30.5.2004; Socerb (VL14), 30.5.2004; Senadole (VL26), 19.6.2005; Panovec (UL98), 16.4.2000; Kromberk (UL99), 10.4.1999; Loke (UL99), 11.4.1999; Sabotin, 300m (UL99), 1.5.2001;Šmihel, 450m (VL08), 31.3.2002 [GSPC]; Lijak (VL09), 9.11.2003; Dolga poljana, 350m (VL18), 22.4.2005; Hotedrščica (VL38), 11.6.2003; Volče, 175m (VM01),3.4.2005;Jesenica(VM11),25.4.1999;Labinje,670m(VM21),20.7.2003 [GSPC];Črnivrh(Cerkno),1230m(VM21),20.7.2003[GSPC];Soriškaplanina, 1300m (VM22), 19.8.2002 and 19.9.2004 [GSPC]; Smrekovec, 1350m (VM94), 22.6.2002[GSPC];Pohorskidvor(WM45),22.3.2001[GSPC];HočepriMariboru (WM45),10.4.2002; New records: Dragonja (UL93), 14.4.2011; Zazid, 420m (VL13), 19.5.2018; Črnotiče (VL14), 27.4.2008; Petrinjski kras (VL14), 27.4.2008; Pared (Kačiče), 450m (VL25), 19.5.2018; Zavrhek (VL25), 26.3.2012; Kreplje, 300m (VL06), 16.04.2019; Lipa na Krasu (VL07), 6.4.2008; Gabrče, 610m (VL26), 19.5.2018; Podgrad, 550m (VL34), 7.02.2019; Orehek pri Postojni (VL36), 7.5.2018; Planinsko polje, 450m (VL47),23.03.2019;Sviščaki,680m(VL44),11.2.2016;Snežnik,1600m(VL54), 27.7.2017; Podcerkev, 620m(VL56), 17.05.2019; Golec (VL07), 8.6.2006;Renče (UL98),6.4.2008;Vogrsko(VL08),10.3.2007;Solkan(UL99),21.5.2006;Baske, 600m (UL99), 22.5.2011, 5.5.2016 and 7.5.2018 [Fig. 52.4]; Lokovec, 830m (VM00), 10.5.2014; Selovec, 1200m (VL08), 13.8.2006; Kucelj, 1150m (VL08), 13.8.2006; Vitovski vrh, 880m (VL08), 28.9.2008; Krnica, 1050m (VL08), 28.9.2008;Kucelj(VL08),16.9.2012;Banjšice(VL09),13.5.2006;Trnovo(VL09), 22.4.2007; Mala Lazna (VL09), 1.8.2010; Voglarji (Zavrh) (VL09), 1.8.2010; SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 Nemci, 880m (VL09), 13.6.2015; Stomaž, 510m (VL18), 11.5.2008; Rebrnice, 520m (VL26), 16.4.2011; Kolovrat, 1100m (UM91), 8.9.2012; Zatolmin, 270m (VM01), 30.3.2008; Krnsko jezero, 1400m (UM92), 1.8.2009; Zadnja Trenta, 970m (VM03), 28.7.2007; Vršič, 1400m (VM04), 15.8.2012; Ponikve – Zagomilica, 760m (VM11), 26.12.2019; Spodnje Bukovo (VM11), 12.4.2009;Škofje, 960m (VM21), 17.02.2019 [Figs. 52.5–52.6]; Porezen, 1300m (VM21), 25.6.2011; Cimprovka, 1250m (VM21), 23.10.2012; Blegoš, 1500m (VM31), 17.10.2019; Soriška planina, 1500m (VM22), 3.8.2008; Lajnar, 1500m (VM22), 23.10.2012;Planinskopolje,450m(VL47),23.03.2019;DolpriBorovnici(VL48), 10.5.2017; Ljubljana (VM60), 2. 06. 1971, 17.6.1971 and 18.6.1971 [PMSL, B. Sket leg.]; Ljubljana (VM50), 21.03.2019; Grčarice (VL84), 21.7.2013; Preval pri Podutiku (VM50), 6.6.2012; Mlinarjevo sedlo, 1300m (VM63), 15.8.2007; Olševa(VM74),20.07.1974[PMSL,B.Sketleg.];Drankovec(WM56),7.5.2017; Janški vrh (WM63), 15.3.2007; Selo pri Prosenjakovcih (WM97), 1.4.2015; Fokovci(WM97),1.4.2015. Host plants: Crataegus spp., Malus spp. (Rosaceae)[Fig. 52.2]. Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers; adults occur on the host plants fromMarchtotheendofJune. Remark: ProbablywidelydistributedandcommonalloverSlovenia. Knownasavectorof Candidatus Phytoplasmamali,thecausalagentoftheAppleproliferationdisease ofappletrees. 53.*Cacopsylla myrthi (Puton, 1876) [Figs. 53.1–53.4] New records:Strunjan(UL94),22.5.2008,24.7.2008[GSPC],21.11.2008[GSPC],11.4.2011and 15.5.2018[Figs. 53.2–53.4]. Host plant: Rhamnus alaternus (Rhamnaceae)[Fig. 53.2]. Biology: Multivoltine;overwinteringasadultsonthehostplant. Remark: CommoninMediterraneancountries;probablyalieninSloveniaasthehostplant, R. alaternus, is not native to Slovenia but is grown only as an ornamental plant scatteredinthecoastalarea. 54. Cacopsylla nigrita (Zetterstedt, 1828) [Figs.54.1–54.4] Seljak et al., 2008:Mangart,2050m(UM94),15.7.2006[GSPC]; New records:Porezen,1620m(VM21),25.6.2011[GSPC];Lajnar,1500m(VM22),23.05.2019 [GSPC;Figs. 54.3–54.4];Vršič,1620m(VM04),12.4.2011,I. Malenovskýleg. et det. [GSPC]. Host plants: Salix spp.,mostly S. waldsteiniana [Fig. 54.2]and S. appendiculata (Salicaceae). Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers (Ossiannilsson, 1992); in Sloveniarestrictedtohighaltitudes. 55. Cacopsylla parvipennis (Lw, 1878) Gräffe, 1911:Tolmin(asTolmein). Host plant: Salix rosmarinifolia (Salicaceae)(Ossiannilsson,1992). Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringasadultamongmosses(Ossiannilsson, 1992). Remark: The occurrence of this species in the area given by Gräffe (1911) could not have been confirmed recently and the only host plant, Salix rosmarinifolia, is absent there too (Jogan et al., 2001; I. Dakskobler, pers. comm.). Since no other records from neighbouring areas in Italy are available (Conci et al., 1993), Gräffe’srecordshouldbeconsideredasdoubtful.Amisidentificationorconfusion withCacopsylla saliceti or C. iteophila cannotbeexcluded.Particularlythelatter species is common on Salix eleagnos on the banks of the river Soča around Tolmininspring;however,itwasnotrecordedbyGräffe(1911). 56. Cacopsylla peregrina (Foerster, 1848) [Figs. 56.1–56.4] Seljak, 2006: Kromberk (UL99), 26.08.2002 [GSPC]; Banjšice, 700m (UL99), 18.07.2004; Col, 750m (VL28), 16.06.2004; Most na Soči (VM01), 16.08.2003; Labinje, 670m(VM21),20.07.2003[GSPC]and22.08.2004;Smrečje(VL39),12.06.2002;ŠkofjaLoka –Puštal,360m(VM41),02.06.2003[GSPC]; New records:Gradišče pri Vipavi (VL17), 17.6.2018 [Fig. 56.4]; Grgar, 320m (UL99), 26.05.2019 [Fig. 56.3]; Baske, 600m (UL99), 20.10.2007, 25.7.2009 and 22.5.2011; Puštale, 530m (VL09), 8.7.2007; Spodnji Lokovec, 790m (VM00), 12.8.2014; Korada, 620m (UM80), 11.6.2006; Kanalski vrh, 640m (UM90), 6.7.2016; Kozaršče (VM01), 24.5.2018; Kolovrat, 1100m (UM91), 8.9.2012; Senadole (VL26), 19.6.2005; Podkraj, 870m (VL27), 10.9.2008 and 4.6.2018;Sovič, 1020m (VL28), 30.7.2006; Dole, 740m (VL39), 23.6.2018; Žejna dolina (VL39),26.8.2016;Petelinjskojezero(VL46),14.07.2019;Planinskopolje,450m (VL47), 31.8.2008 [GSPC]; Črni vrh nad Cerknem, 1270m (VM21), 5.8.2007; Rakitna, 800m (VL58), 12.9.2008; Pohorski dvor (WM45), 19.5.2015 [GSPC – slide];PtujskaGora(WM53),19.5.2015[GSPC –slide]. Host plants: Crataegus monogyna [Fig. 56.2]andother Crataegus spp. (Rosaceae). Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringaseggs;adultsoccuronthehostplantsfrommid-May tothebeginningofSeptember. 57. Cacopsylla picta (Foerster, 1848) [Figs. 57.1–57.5] Flor, 1861a:Ljubljana(asLaibach;as Psylla costalis Flor,thetypelocalityfor P. costalis); Löw, 1888:Ljubljana(afterFlor,1861a); Seljak, 2006:Kromberk(UL99),07.04.2002[GSPC]and04.04.2004[GSPC];Podkraj(VL28), 12.05.2002 [GSPC]; Jesenica (VM11), 25.04.1999; Golubinjek, 200m (WM40), 27.04.2005[GSPC]; SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 New records:Zavrhek (VL25), 29.3.2012; Stomaž na Krasu, 400m (VL17), 16.04.2019 [Fig. 57.4]; Bilje (UL98), 19.4.2018; Nova Gorica (UL98), 2.6.2012 z [Fig. 57.5] and 11.4.2017; Vogrsko (VL08), 10.3.2007; Podlaka (VL09), 13.5.2006 [GSPC]; Kucelj, 1150m (VL08), 30.12.2018 [GSPC]; Kolovrat – 1060m (UM91), 15.11.2018 [GSPC]; Spodnje Bukovo (VM11), 24.4.2011 [GSPC] and 27.3.2016 [present photos]; Podlanišče, 700m (VM20), 1.5.2007; Labinje, 680m (VM21), 9.9.2006 [GSPC]and13.04.2019 [GSPC; Fig. 57.3];Cimprovka,1250m(VM21), 23.10.2012 [GSPC]; Senovica (WM31), 22.4.2006 [GSPC]; Ljubljana (VM50), 21.03.2019[GSPC];Ljubljana(VM50),21.03.2019;Ljubljana(VM60),17.06.1971 [PMSL, B. Sket leg.]; Fokovci (WM97), 1.4.2015 and 28.3.2017; Selo pri Prosenjakovcih,277m(WM97),1.4.2015. Host plant: Malus spp. (Rosaceae)[Fig. 57.2]. Biology: Univoltine;overwintering asadults on conifers; adultsoccurontheir host plants fromMarchtomid-June. Remark: This species was for a long time known under the name of Psylla costalis Flor, 1961. It was described by Flor (1861a) based on material collected around Ljubljana.Cacopsylla picta iswellknownasavectorofCandidatus Phytoplasma mali,thecausalagentoftheAppleproliferationdiseaseofappletrees. 58. Cacopsylla pruni (Scopoli, 1763) [Figs. 58.1–58.6] Scopoli, 1763: Kranjska (as Carniola, as Chermes pruni Scopoli; the type locality probably Idrija); Flor, 1861a:Ljubljana(asLaibach); Löw, 1888: Ljubljana (after Flor, 1861a); Gorica (as Görz, A. Hensch leg.); Lesce (as Lees, F. Thenleg.); Seljak, 2006: Krkavče (UL93), 02.04.2005; Škocjan (VL04), 01.06.2001; Črnotiče (VL14), 30.05.2004 and 19.06.2004 [GSPC]; Stara Gora (UL98), 15.07.2000; Skalnica, 320m(UL99),13.06.1999;Kromberk(UL99),04.04.2004;NovaGorica(UL99), 11.04.2004; Ajševica (VL08), 03.05.2003; Sinji vrh, 980m (VL18), 12.08.2001; Vremska dolina (VL35), 07.07.2000; Postojna (VL37), 06.06.1999; Hotedršica (VL38), 25.05.1999 and 10.05.2002; Spodnje Bukovo (VM11), 29.04.2001 [GSPC]; Poče (VM21), 25.04.1999; Krn, 1100m (UM92), 05.07.2003; Hoče pri Mariboru(WM45),10.04.2002,M. Lešnikleg.; New records:Škodelin(UL93),15.5.2005;Fjesa(UL84),2.04.2019;Črnikal(VL14),14.4.2011; Petrinjski kras (VL14), 27.04.2008 [GSPC]; Kreplje, 300m (VL06), 16.04.2019; Slivje(VL24),29.3.2012;Zavrhek(VL25),26.3.2012;Dolenjavas,560m(VL26), 19.5.2018; Grobišče, 523m (VL36), 7.5.2018; Orehek pri Postojni (VL36), 7.5.2018; Prelože (VL35), 29.3.2012; Petelinjsko jezero (VL46), 9.7.2006 and 14.07.2019;Planinskopolje,450m (VL47),23.03.2019;DolenjeJezero, 550m (VL56), 23.03.2019; Vrtoče (UL98), 2.5.2012 [GSPC – slide + present photos]; Vrtojba (UL98), 29.3.2014; Vogrsko (VL08), 22.3.2005; Nova Gorica (UL98), 31. 05. 2011 [GSPC – slide] and 04.07.2013 [Figs. 58.4–58.5]; Kromberk (UL99), 12. 04. 2012 [GSPC – slide; Fig. 58.3 and Fig. 58.6]; Šempas (VL08), 29.4.2005 [GSPC]; Vitovlje (VL08), 9.6.2006; Vitovski vrh, 880m (VL08), 28.9.2008; Krnica, 1000m (VL08), 14.8.2011; Kucelj (VL08), 16.9.2012; Gradišče pri Vipavi(VL17),13.6.2006;Ajdovščina(VL18),14.5.2005;Stomaž,510m(VL18), 11.5.2008; Ustje (VL18), 24.7.2008; Poreče pri Podnanosu (VL27), 20.6.2006; Podnanos (VL27), 18.4.2014; Snežatno (UL89), 1.6.2005; Vedrijan (UL89), 16.6.2005; Kanal (UM90), 5.6.2005 [GSPC – slide]; Kolovrat, 1100m (UM91), 8.9.2012; Slejki, 400m (VL08), 29.4.2005; Banjšice (VL09), 13.5.2006 [GSPC] and10.5.2014;PlaninaRazor(VM02),2.9.2006;Labinje,680m(VM21),9.9.2006 and 13.04.2019; Črni vrh nad Cerknem, 1270m (VM21), 5.8.2007; Petelinjsko jezero (VL46), 14.07.2019; Planinsko polje, 450m (VL47), 23.03.2019; Dolenje Jezero, 550m (VL56), 23.03.2019; Ljubljana (VM60), 11.05.1971, 17.06.1971 and 18.06.1971 [PMSL, B. Sket leg.]; Straška gora (WL06), 31.5.2007; Virštanj (WM40), 16.6.2006 [GSPC]; Vetrnik, 700m (WM40), 17.6.2006; Podčetrtek, 205m(WM41),27.4.2005;Olimje(WM41),16.6.2006;Fokovci(WM97),1.4.2015 and28.3.2017;SelopriProsenjakovcih,277m(WM97),1.4.2015[GSPC]. Host plants: Prunus spinosa [Fig. 58.2], P. domestica, P. instititia, P. cerasifera (Rosaceae). Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers; adults occur on the host plants fromMarchtothebeginningofJuly(Seljak et Rot,2013). Remark: Probably widely distributed all over Slovenia. It is well-known as a vector of Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum, the causal agent of the European stone-fruit yellows disease on susceptible host plants (P. persica, P. armeniaca, P. salicina). Prunus domestica, P. instititia and P. spinosa are tolerant and do not showsymptomseventhoughinfected(Carraroetal.,1998a,1998b,2001,2002; Mehle etal.,2011). 59. Cacopsylla pulchella (Lw, 1877) [Figs. 59.1–59.5] Seljak, 2006: Snežatno (UL89), 01.06.2005; Kromberk (UL99), 13.05.1999; Nova Gorica (UL99), 28.04.2001 and 04.05.2002 [GSPC]; Lijak (UL99), 01.12.2002 [GSPC]; Duplje(VL17),04.05.1999; New records:Koper (VL04), 17.5.2017; Nova Gorica (UL99), 6.5.2012 [Fig. 59.3]; Cerovo (UL89), 31.5.2006; Vipolže (UL89), 31.5.2006; Višnjevik (UL89), 31.5.2006 and 26.5.2010; Solkan (UL99), 21.5.2006; Sabotin, 200m (UL99), 4.2.2007; Baske,600m (UL99), 20.10.2007; Osek (VL08), 31.5.2006; Velike Žablje (VL18), 9.5.2018[Fig. 59.4];Ljubljana(VM60),26.4.2016[Fig. 59.5]; On shelter plants outside the range of its host plant occurrence: Kucelj, 1150m (VL08), 13.8.2006; Nemci, 880m (VL09), 6.9.2015; Vitovski vrh (VL09), 18.10.2015; Planina Razor, 1300m (VM02), 8.7.2005 [GSPC]; Porezen, 1300m (VM21),25.6.2011[GSPC]. Host plant: Cercis siliquastrum (Fabaceae)[Fig. 59.2]. Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers and some other evergreen trees (e.g. Quercus ilex); adults occur on the host plant from the end of March to mid-June. SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 60. Cacopsylla pulchra (Zetterstedt, 1838) [Figs. 60.1–60.5] Seljak, 2006: Dragonja (UL93), 02.04.2005; Loke (UL99), 03.05.2003; Nova Gorica (UL99), 17.04.2004[GSPC];Ajševica(VL08),06.05.2001[GSPC]and14.03.2004[GSPC]; Trnovo(VL09),31.12.2004;KanalobSoči(UM90),03.04.2005;Tolmin(VM01), 11.04.2004, 03.04.2005; New records:Dragonja (UL93), 14.04.2011 [GSPC]; Krkavče (UL93), 2.4.2005; Snežnik, 1600m (VL54), 27.7.2017; Miren (UL98), 2.5.2012; Vrtojba (UL98), 11.4.2017 and 11.2.2018 [Fig. 60.4]; Nova Gorica (UL98), 1. 05. 2006 [GSPC – slide] and 3.3.2019 [Fig. 60.5]; Solkan (UL99), 21.5.2006; Osek, 120m (VL08), 20.4.2008; Črniče, 140m (VL08), 13.01.2019; Kucelj (VL08), 18.10.2015; Poreče pri Podnanosu (VL27), 23.4.2007; Kanal, 95m (UM90), 23.02.2019; Ajba (UM90), 3.4.2005; Bača pri Modreju (VM01), 27.4.2007 and 17.3.2012; Slap ob Idrijci, 180m(VM00),26.02.2019;Tolmin,150m(VM01),30.3.2008;Kolovrat –1120m (UM91),15.11.2018;Volarje,180m(UM91),15.03.2019;Kamno,190m(UM92), 15.03.2019; Spodnje Bukovo (VM11), 18.2.2017; Blegoš, 1230m (VM21), 6.9.2008; Blegoš, 1500m (VM31), 17.10.2019; Cimprovka, 1180m (VM21), 26.6.2010 and 23.10.2012; Lajnar, 1500m (VM22), 23.10.2012; Soča (UM93), 12.4.2011 [GSPC]; Trenta (VM03), 12.4.2011; Zadnja Trenta (VM04), 30.5.2018and 8.06.2019; Žejna dolina (VL39), 1.06.2019; Dolenje Jezero, 550m (VL56), 23.03.2019; Ljubljana – Rakova jelša, 300m (VL69), 19.02.2019; Ljubljana – Rožnadolina(VM50),21.03.2019;Runtole,270m(WM22),6.03.2019;Maribor – Sp. Radvanje,285m(WM45),6.03.2019;Janškivrh(WM63),15.3.2007. Host plants: Salix spp., mostly S. purpurea [Fig. 60.2], but also S. alba, S. appendiculata, S. caprea and S. cinerea (Salicaceae). Biology: Univoltine; overwinteringas adults on conifers;adults occur on theirhostplants fromFebruarytotheendofJune. 61. Cacopsylla pyri (Linnaeus, 1761) [Figs. 61.1–61.5] Scopoli, 1763:Kranjska(asCarniola,as Chermes pyri =? Cacopsylla pyrisuga); Löw,1888:Kranjsko(asKrain,probablyafterScopoli,1763);Gorica(asGörz,A.Henschleg.) Vrabl, 1977: Miren (UL98), 20.5.1975; Leskovec pri Krškem (WL38), 2.6.1974; Slovenska Bistrica(WM43),24.5.1975;Maribor(WM45),17.4.1974; Seljak, 2006: Common in intensively managed pear orchards and widespread throughout Slovenia; Detailed records: Dragonja (UL93), 2.4.2005; Škodelin (UL93), 19.7.2005; Koper (VL04), 12.6.1988; Beka (VL14), 17.5.1989; Branik (VL08), 12.5.1986 and 5.6.2003; Prvačina(UL98),8.5.1998;Renče(UL98),25.7.2012[GSPC;Fig.61.5];Bukovica (UL98), 11.5.2001; Bilje (UL98), 3.5.1999 and 11.5.2001 [GSPC]; Miren (UL98), 31.5.2005 [GSPC – slide] and 10.05.2019 [Figs. 61.3–61.4]; Nova Gorica (UL99), 9.3.2003 [GSPC]; Kromberk, 380m (UL99), 29.05.2003 [GSPC – slide] and 17.05.2016 [GSPC]; Vedrijan(UL89),26.5.2003[GSPC];GornjeCerovo (UL89), 16.6.2005 [GSPC]; Vipolže (UL89), 31.5.2006; Staro selo (UM82), 9.6.2003; Ljubljana,Bežigrad(VM60),4.9.2006;LenartvSlov.Goricah(WM65),17.5.1975 (rec. G. Matis);Sebeborci(WM97),17.7.1974(rec. G. Matis). Host plants: Pyrus spp.,especially P. communis (Rosaceae)[Fig. 61.2]. Biology: Multivoltine,4–5generationsperyear(Vrabl et Matis,1977),2–8generationsper year(Hodkinson,2009);overwinteringasadultsonthehostplantsandinthelitter. Remarks: Often a serious pest in pear orchards (Vrabl et Matis, 1977); also known as a vectorofCandidatus Phytoplasmapyri,whichcausesthePeardeclinediseaseon peartrees(Mehleetal.,2011). 62. Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster, 1848) [Figs. 62.1–62.6] Löw, 1888:Lesce(asLees,F. Thenleg.); Janežič, 1989: ScatteredalloverSlovenia;nodetailedlocalitiesrecorded; Seljak, 2006: Nova Gorica (UL99), 09.03.2003 [GSPC]; Tolmin (VM01), 12.10.2002 [GSPC] and 25.05.2003 [GSPC]; Čadrg (VM01), 26.06.2004; Spodnje Bukovo (VM11), 11.03.2001[GSPC]and13.07.2002[GSPC];Labinje,700m(VM21),20.07.2003; New records:Jakovce,555m(VL27),3.10.2018[Fig.62.5];Kromberk(UL99),4.2.2018;Baske, 600m (UL99), 22.5.2011 [GSPC]; Kuk nad Anhovim, 640m (UL99), 25.7.2009; Avče, 160m (UM90), 24.5.2018 [Fig. 62.3]; Lig, 625m (UM90), 19.10.2013; Kolovrat, 1100m (UM91), 8.9.2012; Most na Soči (VM01), 27.4.2007; Trebuša, 450m(VM00),17.8.2006;Grant,700m(VM11),12.6.2010;Rut,750m(VM11), 12.6.2010; Mrzli Log, 875m (VL28), 04.12.2018; Osilnica (VL74), 20.7.2013; Olimje(WM41),16.6.2006[GSPC]. Host plants: Pyrus spp. (Rosaceae)[Fig. 62.2]. Biology: Multivoltine, 3–5 generations per year (Conci et al., 1993); overwintering as adultonthehostplants. Remark: Well-known as a vector of Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri, the causal agent of the Peardeclinediseaseonpeartrees. In thecoastal area of Slovenia,a similarpearpsyllid, C. notata (Flor, 1861)[Fig. 62.6],mightalsooccur. Itwascollectedon Pyrus amygdaliformis intheadjacent CroatianpartofIstria,Baderna –260m(VL00),13.07.2018. 63. Cacopsylla pyrisuga (Foerster, 1848) [Figs. 63.1–63.6] Flor, 1861a:Ljubljana(asLaibach),Poljčane(asPöltschach;as Psylla austriaca Flor,1861); Löw, 1888:Ljubljana(afterFlor,1861a),Gorica(asGörz,A. Henschleg.); Janežič, 1989: Tomaj, Cerovo, Fojana, Vipolže, Ljubljana, Stari trg ob Kolpi, Novo mesto, Bizeljsko,RačepriMariboru,Tišina,KapelapriRadencih; Seljak, 2006: Škodelin (UL93), 15.05.2005; Bilje (UL98), 03.05.1999; Nova Gorica (UL99), 02.05.2001 [GSPC]; Kromberk (UL99), 04.04.2004; Kanal (UM90), 05.06.2005; Podkraj (VL28), 12.05.2002; Tolmin (VM01), 25.05.2003 [GSPC – slide]; Čadrg(VM01), 26.06.2004; Želin (VM10), 25.06.2003; Spodnje Bukovo (VM11), 29.04.2001[GSPC];Labinje(VM21),25.04.1999; SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 New records:Dragonja (UL93), 14.4.2011 [GSPC]; Osp (VL14), 27.4.2008; Prelože (VL35), 28.3.2014; Rebrnice, 520m (VL26), 16.4.2011 [GSPC]; Vogrsko (VL08), 25.3.2007; Nova Gorica (UL98), 22.05.2005 [GSPC – slide] and 13.4.2012 [Fig. 63.5]; Kromberk, 300m (UL99), 20.04.2019 [Figs. 63.3–63.4]; Kucelj (VL08), 18.10.2015; Nemci, 880m (VL09), 13.6.2015 [GSPC];Kolovrat, 1100m(UM91), 8.9.2012; Most na Soči (VM01), 27.4.2007; Soriška planina – 1500m (VM22), 23.05.2019; Dolenje Jezero, 550m (VL56), 23.03.2019; Podcerkev, 640m (VL56), 17.05.2019; Ljubljana (VM60), 5.6.1971 [PMSL, B. Sket leg.]; Straška gora (WL06), 31.5.2007; Celje (WM22), 20.6.2006; Olimje (WM41), 16.6.2006; Pohorski dvor (WM45), 24.3.2015; Selo pri Prosenjakovcih, 277m (WM97), 1.4.2015;Fokovci(WM97),1.4.2015and28.3.2017. Host plants: Pyrus spp. (Rosaceae)[Fig. 63.2];egg-layingfemalescausesleafcurling. Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers; adults occurring on the host plantsfromMarchtomid-June. 64. Cacopsylla rhamnicola (Scott, 1876) [Figs. 64.1–64.4] Seljak, 2006:Matenjavas(VL36),05.10.2004 [GSPC]; Nanos,900m (VL27),26.07.2002 [GSPC]; Krn, 1100m (UM92), 05.07.2003 [GSPC]; Planina Razor (VM02), 07.07.2005;ČrnivrhnadCerknim,1240m(VM21),20.07.2003; New records:Kastelec (VL14), 26.5.2016; Podgrad, 550m (VL34), 7.02.2019; Sviščaki, 680m (VL44), 11.2.2016; Rebrnice, 520m (VL26), 16.4.2011 [GSPC]; Kromberk (UL99), 24.2.2016; Lijak (VL09), 20.5.2006; Ravnica (UL99), 4.11.2007; Grgar (UL99), 27.5.2012 [GSPC – slide]; Kucelj, 1150m (VL08), 13.8.2006 and 30.12.2018; Selovec, 1200m (VL08), 13.8.2006 [GSPC]; Vitovski vrh, 900m (VL08),21.4.2007;Krnica,1000m(VL08),14.8.2011;Kucelj(VL08),16.9.2012; Nemci, 880m (VL09), 13.6.2015; Mala Lazna (VL09), 23.10.2015; Podlaka (VL09), 13.5.2006 [GSPC]; Banjšice (VL09), 19.03.2014 [Figs. 64.3–64.4];Lokovec, 830m (VM00), 10.5.2014; Korada, 620m (UM80), 11.6.2006; Škofje, 960m(VM21),17.02.2019;MrzliLog,875m(VL28),4.12.2018[GSPC];Hrušica (VL37),28.3.2007;Hotedršica(VL38),15.5.2017;Planinskopolje,450m(VL47), 23.03.2019;Draga(Ig),315m(VL68),19.5.2017. Host plants: Rhamnus cathartica [Fig. 64.2], R. alpina ssp. fallax (Rhamnaceae). Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers; adults occur on the host plants frommid-MarchtothebeginningofAugust. 65. Cacopsylla saliceti (Frster, 1848) [Figs. 65.1–65.4] Löw, 1888:Gorica(asGörz;A. Henschleg.); Seljak, 2006: Soriška planina, 1300m (VM22), 19.09.2004 [GSPC]; Črno jezero, 1200m (WM34),25.07.2004[GSPC]; New records:Ankaran (VL04), 16.05.2018; Snežnik, 1600m (VL54), 27.7.2017 [GSPC]; Nova Gorica (UL98), 28.5.2006 [GSPC]; Vogrsko (VL08), 5.6.2011 [GSPC]; Kucelj Gabrijel SELJAK: Jumping Plant-lice of Slovenia (Insecta: Hemiptera: Psylloidea) Bolšice Slovenije (Insecta:Hemiptera:Psylloidea) (VL08), 16.9.2012 [GSPC]; Kozaršče (VM01), 24.05.2018 [Figs. 65.3–65.3]; Kolovrat – 1120m (UM91), 15.11.2018; Soča (UM93), 30.05.2018; Mangartskosedlo (UM94), 20.06.2019; Škofje, 960m (VM21), 17.02.2019; Cimprovka, 1250m (VM21), 23.10.2012 [GSPC]; Lajnar, 1500m (VM22), 23.10.2012; Selo pri Prosenjakovcih, 260m (WM97), 4.2.2016 [GSPC] and 1.3.2017; Fokovci (WM97),28.3.2017. Host plants: Salix spp., e.g. S. alba, S. appendiculata [Fig. 65.2], S. caprea, S. cinerea, S. eleagnos, S. euxina (Salicaceae). Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers; adults occur on the host plants fromApriltoJuly. 66. Cacopsylla sorbi (Linnaeus, 1767) [Figs. 66.1–66.4] Seljak, 2006: Zadnja Trenta (VM03), 24.07.2005; Cimprovka, 1200m (VM21), 30.06.2000 and 23.08.2004 [GSPC]; Soriška planina, 1300m (VM22), 19.08.2002 [GSPC]; Gorjuše,1000m(VM22),14.08.2003[GSPC]; New records:Vremščica, 850m (VL25), 16.7.2011; Snežnik, 1600m (VL54), 27.7.2017; Mala Lazna(VL09),23.6.2011;PlaninaKuk(VM01),2.9.2006;PlaninaRazor(VM02), 2.9.2006; Kojca, 1300m (VM11), 27.8.2009; Gorenji Novaki, 1030m (VM21), 4.7.2009; Blegoš, 1230m (VM21), 8.8.2009 [GSPC]; Porezen, 1600m (VM21), 3.7.2010 and 07.07.2018 [Figs. 66.3–66.4]; Mrzlica, 950m (WM01), 5.8.2018; KalvarijanadMariborom(WM45),1.8.2007. Host plant: Sorbus aucuparia (Rosaceae)[Fig. 66.2]. Biology: Univoltine; overwintering in the egg stage; adults occur on the host plant and as vagrantsalsoonotherplants(e.g. Pinus mugo)fromJunetoSeptember. 67. Cacopsylla ulmi (Foerster, 1848) [Figs. 67.1–67.3] Seljak, 2006: Kromberk (UL99), 02.08.2002 [GSPC]; Nova Gorica (UL99), 26.08.2002 [GSPC];Smrekovec,1350m(VM94),22.06.2002[GSPC]; New records:Kucelj (VL08), 18.10.2015; Podlaka (VL09), 13.5.2006 [GSPC]; Porezen, 1300m (VM21), 25.6.2011 and 7.7.2018 [Fig. 67.3]; Cimprovka, 1260m (VM21), 24.6.2006 [GSPC]; Planinsko polje, 450m (VL47), 31.8.2008 [GSPC]; Ljubljana (VM60), 20.5.1971, 18.06.1971 and 31.7.1971 [PMSL, B. Sket leg.]; Ljubljana (VL69), 22.5.2003 [GSPC]; Mrzlica, 950m (WM01), 5.8.2018 [GSPC]; Vetrnik (WM40), 17.6.2006 [GSPC]; Lutverci (WM77), 25.6.2006 [GSPC – slide; A. Kaplaleg.]. Host plants: U. glabra, U. laevis and Ulmus minor [Fig. 67.2](Ulmaceae). Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringintheeggstage(Ossiannilsson,1992). SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 68. Cacopsylla viburni (Lw, 1876) [Figs. 68.1–68.4] Seljak, 2006: Kromberk (UL99), 02.08.2002 [GSPC]; Lijak (VL09), 06.04.2003 [GSPC – slide];Pripeči(VL09),12.07.2002[GSPC];Godovič(VL38),16.06.2004[GSPC]; New records:Ravnica, 500m (UL99), 25.5.2008 [GSPC]; Grgar (UL99), 27.5.2012; Kobilica, 450m (VM00), 17.8.2006; Čezsoča (UM83), 28.7.2007; Dole, 740m (VL39), 23.6.2018; Godovič, 600m (VL29), 1.06.2019 [Fig. 68.4]; Hotedršica, 580m (VL38), 23.6.2018 [fig. 68.3]; Logatec (VL48), 15.5.2012; Draga (Ig) (VL68), 19.5.2017[GSPC]. Host plant: Viburnum lantana (Adoxaceae)[Fig. 68.2]. Biology: Univoltine; overwinters in the egg stage; adults occur from mid-May to the end of July. 69. Cacopsylla visci (Curtis, 1835) [Figs. 69.1–69.4] Seljak, 2006: Poklek, 350m (WL49), 27.04.2005 [GSPC]; Golubinjek, 200m (WM40), 27.04.2005[GSPC];PtujskaGora(WM53),05.05.2001,M. Lešnikleg. [GSPC]; New records:Rebrnice, 520m (VL26), 26.5.2008, on Loranthus europaeus [GSPC]; Spodnje Bukovo (VM11), 3.8.2008 [GSPC] and 27.3.2016 [GSPC; Figs. 69.3–69.4]; Senovica(WM31),22.4.2006[GSPC];Virštanj(WM40),16.6.2006[GSPC];Selo priProsenjakovcih(WM97),1.4.2015[GSPC]. Host plants: Viscum album [Fig. 69.2](Santalaceae), Loranthus europaeus (Loranthaceae). Biology: Probably two generations per year; overwintering as nymphs; adults occur betweenMarchandSeptember(Conci etal.,1993;Lauterer1999). Chamaepsylla Ossiannilsson, 1970 70. Chamaepsylla hartigii (Flor, 1861) [Figs. 70.1–70.4] Seljak, 2006:NovaGorica(UL99),17.05.2003[GSPC];Čadrg(VM01),26.06.2004[GSPC]; New records:Golič(VL13),16.6.2017;Baske,600m(UL99),22.5.2011[GSPC]and05.05.2018 [Fig.70.4];Kanalskivrh(UM90),18.5.2013;Kolovrat(UM91),16.6.2013;Spodnje Bukovo (VM11), 4.6.2017; Porezen, 1300m (VM21), 25.6.2011; Cimprovka, 1250m (VM21), 21.6.2008 [GSPC]; Gorenji Novaki, 1000m (VM21), 21.6.2008 [GSPC] and 07.07.2018 [Fig. 70.3]; Črni vrh nad Cerknim (VM21), 22.6.2013; Preval pri Podutiku (VM50), 6.6.2012; Straška gora, 300m (WL06), 31.5.2007 [GSPC];Olimje(WM41),16.6.2006[GSPC]. Host plant: Betula pendula [Fig. 70.2]andother Betula spp. (Betulaceae). Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as eggs or the first instar nymphs (Lauterer, 1998); adultsfromMaytoJulyonthehostplants. Livilla Curtis, 1836 71. Livilla horvathi (Scott, 1879) [Figs. 71.1–71.3] Löw, 1888: HraščepriPostojni(asHraschebeiAdelsberg); Gräffe, 1911:Kras(asKarst); New records: Lukini,310m(VL13),20.8.2013;Branik(VL07),8.6.2006[GSPC];Gradiščepri Vipavi (VL17), 13.6.2006 [GSPC]; Grgar (UL99), 27.5.2012 [GSPC; Fig. 71.3]; TolminskiLom,770m(VM01),20.6.2014. Host plants: Genista tinctoria [Fig. 71.2]; Cytisus austriacus (Hodkinson et Hollis, 1987) and Genista sericea (Fabaceae)(Conci etal. 1993). Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringaseggsorfirstinstarnymphs(Conci etal.,1993). 72.*Livilla radiata (Foerster, 1848) [Figs. 72.1–72.3] New records: Orešje na Bizeljskem (Kozja peč), 400m (WL59), 16.6.2006 [GSPC]; Kozje (Vetrnik),700m(WM40),17.6.2006[GSPC;Fig. 72.3]. Host plants: Cytisus spp., Lembotropis nigricans [Fig. 72.2] (Fabaceae) (Hodkinson et Hollis,1987). Biology: Univoltine; overwintering stage unknown, probably as eggs or early instar nymphs(Conci etal.,1993). 73. Livilla spectabilis (Flor, 1861) [Figs. 73.1–73.3] Seljak, 2006:ŠmarjepriKopru(VL04), 22.05.2002 and11.09.2002;Šeki(VL13), 11.05.2000 [GSPC,S. Brelihleg.];Sokoliči(VL13),24.9.2005[GSPC]; New records: Parecag (UL93), 4.6.2006; Korte, 170m (UL93), 17.5.2009; Strunjan (UL94),14.10.2007; Belvedere (UL94), 26.5.2008; Brič (VL03), 31.8.2017; Šmarje pri Kopru (VL04), 27.4.2012 [Fig. 73.3]; Kavaliči, 250m (VL04), 9.7.2015; Sermin(VL04), 17.5.2017; Hrvatini, Brageti, 135m (VL04), 25.7.2006; Spodnje Škofije (VL04), 24.7.2008 and 22.10.2010; Movraž, 240m (VL13), 6.6.2014; Kubed (VL14),5.6.2017;Trsek,270m(VL03),16.5.2018. Host plant: Spartium junceum (Fabaceae)[Fig. 73.2]. Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringaseggs(Conci etal.,1993). Remark: Gräffe (1911) recorded this species from Trieste and Muggia in Italy, which ge­ographicallysharethesamecoastalareainsouth-westernSlovenia. SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 74. Livilla ulicis Curtis, 1836 [Figs. 74.1–74.4] Löw, 1888:Gorica(Görz,A. Henschleg.); Vondráček, 1951:Bovec(asFlitsch)[MMBC,incoll. L. Melichar]; Seljak, 2006: Orehek(VM11),25.04.1999[GSPC]; New records: Baske, 600m (UL99), 22.5.2011 [GSPC] and 05.05.2018 [Fig. 74.3]; Podlaka, 750m (VL09), 13.5.2006 [GSPC], 10.5.2014 and 9.5.2015 [Fig. 74.4]; Kolovrat (UM91), 16.6.2013 and 24.6.2016; Cimprovka, 1250m (VM21), 24.6.2006 [GSPC]and27.5.2017;Godovič,600m(VL29),1.06.2019. Host plants: Genista tinctoria [Fig. 74.2], G. januensis (Fabaceae). Biology: Univoltine; adults from April to June; probably overwintering as eggs (Conci et al.,1993). 75. Livilla variegata (Lw, 1881) [Figs. 75.1–75.4] Seljak, 2006: Sabotin, 400m (UL99), 01.05.2001 [GSPC]; Krn, 1100m (UM92), 05.07.2003 [GSPC]; Planina Stador, 1040m (VM01), 07.07.2005 [GSPC]; Črni vrh nad Cerknim, 1000m (VM21), 20.07.2003 [GSPC]; Labinje, 800m (VM21), 22.08.2004; New records: Golo brdo (UM80), 11.6.2006; Kolovrat (UM91), 16.6.2013; Lijak (VL09), 20.5.2006[GSPC];Zadlog,710m(VL28), 31.7.2006;Čepovan(Kobilica), 450m (VM00), 17.8.2006; Planina Stador, 1040m (VM01), 7.7.2005; Kojca, 1000m (VM11), 27.8.2009; Rut, 1100m (VM11), 12.6.2010 [GSPC]; Labinje – 850m (VM21), 18. 08. 2012 [Fig. 75.4]; Davča, 1050m (VM21), 21.6.2008; Soriška planina, 1250m (VM22), 23.8.2004 [GSPC]; Vršič, 1000m (VM04), 30.5.2018 [Fig. 75.3]. Host plants: Laburnum alpinum [Fig. 75.2], L. anagyroides (Fabaceae). Biology: Univoltine; overwintering in the egg stage or as early instar nymphs on the host plants(Conci etal. 1993),adultsfromApriltoAugust. 76. Livilla vicina (Lw, 1886) [Figs. 76.1–76.4] Seljak, 2006: Lepena,700m(UM92),22.08.2003[GSPC]; New records: Planina Razor (VM02), 2.9.2006; Rut, 1100m (VM11), 12.6.2010 [GSPC]; Cimprovka, 1250m (VM21), 23.10.2012; Soriška planina, 1500m (VM22), 3.8.2008 [GSPC]; Lajnar, 1500m (VM22), 23.10.2012 and 23.5.2019 [Fig. 76.3]; Krn, 1400m (UM92), 26.8.2011; Mangart, 1770m (UM94), 15.7.2006 [GSPC], 28.8.2015[GSPC –slide]and11.9.2018[Fig.76.4];ZadnjaTrenta,970m(VM03), 28.7.2007. Host plant: Genista radiata (Fabaceae)[Fig. 76.2]. Biology: Univoltine;adultsthroughouttheyearandoverwinteringonthehostplant,rarely onconifers(Conci etal.,1993). 77. Livilla vittipennella (Reuter, 1875) [Figs. 77.1–77.3] Löw, 1888:Triglav(asTerglou,J. A. Palménleg.); Seljak, 2006: Lepena, 700m (UM92), 22.08.2003 [GSPC]; Planina Razor, 1400m (VM02), 07.07.2005; Izvir Soče (VM04), 23.07.2002 [GSPC]; Kojca, 1000m (VM11), 09.07.2000;Labinje,800m(VM21),22.08.2004[GSPC]; New records: Čepovan (Kobilica), 450m (VM00), 17.8.2006; Rut, 1100m (VM11), 12.6.2010; Labinje, 700m (VM21), 18. 08. 2012 [Fig. 77.3]; Porezen, 1550m (VM21), 25.6.2011; Soriška planina, 1500m (VM22), 3.8.2008; Planina Razor (VM02), 2.9.2006; Krn, 1400m (UM92), 26.8.2011; Krnsko jezero, 1400m (UM92), 1.8.2009; Mangart, 1770m (UM94), 15.7.2006 and 28.8.2015 [GSPC]; Zadnja Trenta, 970m (VM03), 28.7.2007; Vršič, 1620m (VM04), 27.7.2008; Planica(VM04),15.8.2012. Host plant: Genista radiata (Fabaceae)[Fig. 77.2]. Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as first instar nymphs on the host plant (Conci et al., 1993),adultsfromJunetoSeptember. Psylla Geoffroy,1762 78. Psylla alni (Linnaeus, 1758) [Figs. 78.1–78.6] Scopoli, 1763:Kranjska(asCarniola); Flor, 1861b:Postojna(asAdelsberg); Löw, 1888:Postojna(afterFlor,1961b),Razdrto(asPräwald); Gräffe, 1911:Tolmin(asTolmein); Seljak, 2006: Vodice (UL99), 20.09.2003; Banjšice (VL09), 18.07.2004; Podnanos (VL27), 15.05.2002 [GSPC]; Postojna (VL37); 06.06.1999; Planinsko polje (VL47), 28.06.2001 [GSPC]; Spodnje Bukovo (VM11), 13.07.2002; Jesenica, 800m (VM11), 10.07.2000; Labinje (VM21), 13.10.2002 and 22.08.2004 [GSPC]; Dolenji Novaki (VM21), 28.05.2000; Nemški rovt, 750m (VM22), 14.08.2003; BohinjskaBistrica(VM12),19.08.2002;Bistra(VL48),16.06.2004; New records:Dolnji Zemon (VL44), 1.7.2007; Baske (UL99), 5.05.2018 [Figs. 78.3–78.4]; Lig –660m(UM90),14.10.2018[GSPC];Kanalskivrh,640m(UM90),6.7.2016; Gradišče pri Vipavi (VL17), 13.6.2006; Grobišče, 523m (VL36), 7.05.2018; Prestranek (VL36), 8.8.2012; Landol, 530m (VL37), 18.7.2016; Gorje, 580m (VM21),8.8.2010and5.6.2015;GorenjiNovaki,1025m(VM21),7.07.2018[Figs. 78.5–78.6];Ljubljana(VM60),5.6.1971and2.9.1971[PMSL,B. Sketleg.];Draga (Ig), 315m (VL68), 19.5.2017; Davča, 1050m (VM21), 21.6.2008; Bukovščica (VM41), 8.7.2006 and 17.7.2010; Zgornje Jezersko, 890m (VM63), 15.8.2007; Sela pri Osilnici (VL74), 5.7.1979 [PMSL, B. Sket leg.]; Preloge, 360m (WL15), 31.5.2007; Blatnik pri Črmošnjicah (WL15), 1.6.2007; Golubinjek, 200m (WM40),16.6.2006. ProbablywidespreadandcommonalloverSlovenia. Host plants: Alnus glutinosa [Fig. 78.2], A. incana (Betulaceae). SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as eggs (Ossiannilsson, 1992); adults from May to September(October)onthehostplants,vagrantssometimesalsoonotherplants. 79. Psylla alpina Foerster, 1848 [Figs. 79.1–79.4] Seljak, 2006:Porezen,1600m(VM21),18.08.1999;Cimprovka,1200m(VM21),28.05.2000 [GSPC]and23.08.2004;Smrekovec,1370m(VM94),22.06.2002[GSPC]; New records:PlaninaStador,1040m(VM01),7.7.2005;PlaninaRazor(VM02),7.7.2005;Kojca, 1300m(VM11),27.8.2009;Porezen –1500m(VM21),3.07.2010[GSPC –slide] and 07.07.2018 [Figs. 79.3–79.4]; Blegoš, 1230m (VM21), 8.8.2009; Planina Pungrat,1440m(VM54),9.8.2014. Host plant: Alnus alnobetula (Betulaceae)[Fig. 79.2]. Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as eggs; adults from June to September on the host plant. 80. Psylla buxi (Linnaeus, 1758) [Figs. 80.1–80.4] Janežič, 1989: recorded from 67 localities throughout the whole territory; e.g.: Portorož(UL94); Strunjan (UL94); Šmarje pri Kopru (VL04); Sežana (VL16); Zemono (VL17), 7.8.2005; Pivka (VL36); Ilirska Bistrica (VL44); Nova Gorica (UL98); Dobrovo (UL89); Rakek (VL47); Borovnica (VL58); Ljubljana (VL59); Fara(VL66);Žiri(VM30);Bled(VM33);Golnik(VM43);Vače(VM80);GornjiGrad (VM82); Črna na Koroškem (VM84); Vransko (VM91); Gradac (WL15); Novo mesto (WL17); Mokronog (WL18); Brežice (WL48); Dobrna (WM13); Zreče (WM33); Rogaška Slatina (WM42); Poljčane (WM54); Ptuj (WM64); Središče (WM93);Veržej(WM95);Lendava(XM15); Seljak, 2006:Gorjansko,197m(UL97),06.08.2005[GSPC];NovaGorica(UL99),27.04.1998 [GSPC – slide] and 03.07.2003; Vipava (VL17), 07.08.2005; Bled (VM33), 19.08.2002[GSPC]; New records:Nova Gorica (UL99), 7.08.2018 [GSPC; Fig. 80.3]; Solkan, 90m (UL99), 30.8.2008; Kromberk (UL99), 27.04.2015 [Fig. 80.4]; Ptujska Gora (WM53), 19.5.2015. Host plant: Buxus sempervirens (Buxaceae)[Fig. 80.2]. Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringasthefirstinstarnymphsinleaf-galls(Ossiannilsson, 1992);adultsfromApriltoAugust. 81. Psylla fusca (Zetterstedt, 1828) [Figs. 81.1–81.4] Löw, 1888:Stol(asStou); Seljak, 2006:Črnivrh(Cerkno),1200m(VM21),20.07.2003[GSPC];Košutnik(Karavanke) (VM54)[GSPC,S. Brelihleg.]; New records:Baske, 600m (UL99), 25.7.2009 [GSPC]; Gorenji Novaki, 1030m (VM21), 4.7.2009[GSPC]and7.7.2018[Figs. 81.3–81.4];SelapriOsilnici(VL74),5.7.1979 [PMSL, B. Sket leg.]; Logarska dolina, 790m (VM73), 30.7.2005 [GSPC]; Koprivna (VM84), 21.7.1974 [PMSL, B. Sket leg.]; Topla (VM84), 21.7.1974 [PMSL, B. Sket leg.]; Nazarje (VM92), 25.6.2000 [PMSL, S. Hudoklin leg.]; Podsreda –Socko,300m(WL49),17.6.2006[GSPC]. Host plant: Alnus incana (Betulaceae)[Fig. 81.2]. Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringaseggsonthehostplant(Ossiannilsson,1992);adults fromJunetoAugust. Spanioneura Foerster,1848 82. Spanioneura fonscolombii Foerster, 1848 [Figs. 82.1–82.4] Seljak, 2006:Gorjansko,200m(UL97),06.08.2005[GSPC]; New records:Kromberk (UL99), 27.4.2015 [GSPC – slide]; Nova Gorica (UL99), 7.8.2018 [GSPC;Figs. 82.3–82.4]and03.03.2019[GSPC]. Host plant: Buxus sempervirens (Buxaceae)[Fig. 82.2]. Biology: Univoltine; adults occur throughout the year and overwinter on the host plant (Conci etal. 1993). SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 TRIOZIDAE Lw, 1879 Bactericera Puton, 1876 83. Bactericera albiventris (Foerster, 1848) [Figs. 83.1–83.4] Löw, 1888:Gorica(asGörz,A. Henschleg.); Seljak, 2006:Dragonja(UL93),02.04.2005;Krkavče(UL93),02.04.2005[GSPC];Kromberk (UL99), 08.02.2001 [GSPC]; Nova Gorica (UL99), 19.01.2003 [GSPC] and 13.03.2005 [GSPC]; Kromberk, 300m (UL99), 04.04.2004 [GSPC]; Kopitnik, 940m(VL08),31.12.2004;Trnovo(VL09),31.12.2004[GSPC];Tolmin(VM01), 03.04.2005;Podčetrtek,205m(WM41),27.04.2005; New records:Dragonja(UL93),14.4.2011[GSPC];Ankaran(VL04),17.5.2017and16.05.2018; Vipolže (UL89), 31.5.2006; Volčja Draga (UL98), 25.7.2012; Prvačina (UL98), 10.6.2006;Vogrsko(VL08),31.3.2006;NovaGorica(UL99),28.10.2006[GSPC – slide]; Lijak (VL09), 2.3.2008; Ravnica (UL99), 4.11.2007; Lig, 625m (UM90), 19.10.2013; Ajševica (VL08), 2.7.2006; Črniče, 140m (VL08), 13.01.2019; Mala Lazna,1110m(VL09),23.10.2015;Sviščaki,680m(VL44),11.2.2016;Planinsko polje, 450m (VL47), 31.8.2008; Kozaršče (VM01), 24.05.2018 [Figs. 83.3– 83.4]; Spodnje Bukovo (VM11), 24.4.2011; Blegoš, 1230m (VM21), 6.9.2008; Cimprovka,1250m(VM21),24.6.2006;Ljubljana –Rakovajelša,300m(VL69), 19.02.2019; Golubinjek, 200m (WM40), 16.6.2006; Podčetrtek, 205m (WM41), 27.4.2005. Host plants: Salix spp.,e.g. S. alba [Fig. 83], S. caprea and S. euxina (Salicaceae). Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers; adults occurring throughout the year,onthehostplantsbetweenAprilandOctober(Ossiannilsson,1992). 84. *Bactericera bohemica (Šulc, 1913) [Figs. 84.1–84.3] New records:Mangartsko sedlo, 2100m (UM94), 28.8.2015 (2 >>, 3 ++) [GSPC]; Zadnja Trenta, 970m (VM04), 30.5.2018 (1 +) [GSPC; Fig. 84.3]; both times on Geum montanum. Host plants: Geum montanum [Fig. 84.2]and G. rivale (Rosaceae)(Ossiannilsson,1992). Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers; adults occur on the host plants fromMaytoSeptember(Ossiannilsson,1992). 85. *Bactericera crithmi (L, 1880) [Figs. 85.1–85.6] New records:Izola(UL94),16.5.2018(3>>)[GSPC]and02.04.2019(2>>,1+),[GSPC;Figs. 85.3–85.5]. Host plant: Crithmum maritimum (Apiaceae)[Fig. 85.2]; Biology: Univoltine; adults occur on the host plant from October to June (Conci et al., 1996). Remark: AlsoreportedbyGräffe(1911)fromthevicinityofTrieste. 86. Bactericera curvatinervis (Foerster, 1848) [Figs. 86.1–86.4] Löw, 1888:Lesce(asLees,F. Thenleg.); Seljak, 2006:NovaGorica(UL98),13.5.1999;Ajševica(VL08),28.4.2006[GSPC]; New records:Volčja Draga (UL98), 7.10.2007 [GSPC]; Vogrsko (UL98), 23.2.2014; Vrtojba (UL98), 11.4.2017 [GSPC]; Kucelj (VL08), 16.9.2012; Krnica, 1050m (VL08), 28.9.2008; Vitovski vrh, 900m (VL08), 21.4.2007 [GSPC]; Lig, 625m (UM90), 19.10.2013; Kolovrat , 1100m (UM91), 8.9.2012, 16.6.2013 and 15.11.2018 [Fig. 86.4];Hotedršica(VL38),15.5.2017;Vojsko –Gačnik,920m(VM10),12.7.2016; Kojca, 670m (VM11),8.8.2010;Cimprovka, 1200m(VM21), 24.6.2006 [GSPC] and 27.5.2017; Čeplez (VM21), 2.4.2011; Gorenji Novaki (VM21), 27.5.2017; Sorica, 1000mm (VM22), 28.4.2018 [Fig. 86.3]; Soriška planina , 1280mm (VM22), 3.7.2008; Lajnar, 1500m (VM22), 23.10.2012; Slap Boka (UM83), 15.7.2006 [GSPC] and 14.4.2007; Zadnja Trenta, 970m (VM03), 28.7.2007 [GSPC];Vršič,1620m(VM04),12.4.2011,IMalenovskýleg. etdet. [MMBC]. Host plants: Salix spp.: S. appendiculata, S. cinerea, S. caprea [Fig. 86.2], S. eleagnos, S. purpurea and S. waldsteiniana (Salicaceae). Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringasadultsonconifers(Ossiannilsson,1992). 87. Bactericera femoralis (Foerster, 1848) [Figs. 87.1–87.4] Löw, 1888:Trnovskigozd(asTarnovanerwald,A. Henschleg.);Lesce(asLees,F. Thenleg.); Seljak, 2006: Planina Razor, 1310m (VM02), 07.07.2005 [GSPC]; Zadnja Trenta, 970m (VM03),24.07.2005;Vršič,1400m(VM04),23.07.2002[GSPC];Vojsko,1040m (VL19),18.08.2001[GSPC]and23.08.2003[GSPC];Nemškirovt,750m(VM22), 14.08.2003 [GSPC]; Grajska planina (VM23), 2.9.2005 [GSPC]; Velika Planina, 1260m (VM72), 30.07.2005; Smrekovec (VM93), 22.06.2002 [GSPC]; Pesek, 1380m (WM24), 25.07.2004 [GSPC]; Kisovec, 1260m (VM72), 30.07.2005 [GSPC]; New records:Mala Lazna, 1110m (VL09), 13.6.2015 [GSPC – slide; Fig. 87.5] and 23.10.2015; Hrušica,880m(VL37),11.7.2007;Vodice,930m(VL28),25.7.2018;Cimprovka, 1250m(VM21),24.6.2006[GSPC];Porezen,1550m(VM21),25.6.2011[GSPC]; Blegoš, 1500m (VM31), 8.8.2009 and 17.10.2019; Lajnar, 1500m (VM22), SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 23.10.2012; Soriška planina (VM22), 3.7.2008 [GSPC]; Kobariški Stol, 1370 (UM82), 8.9.2013; Mangart, 1770m (UM94), 15.7.2006; Mangart, 2050m (UM94), 15.7.2006 [GSPC], 7.7.2017, 11.09.2018 [Fig. 87.3] and 16.9.2019 [Fig. 87.4]; Vršič, 1620m (VM04), 12.4.2011, I. Malenovský leg. et det. [MMBC]; Vršič,1400m(VM04),15.8.2012. Host plants: Alchemilla spp.,e.g. A. subcrenata (Rosaceae)[Fig. 87.2]. Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringasadultsonconifers. 88. Bactericera harrisoni (Wagner, 1955) [Figs. 88.1–88.2] Seljak, 2006: Zadnja Trenta, 970m (VM03), 24.07.2005 (1 >) [GSPC]; Pokljuka, 1200m (VM23), 2.9.2005 (3 >>) [GSPC]; Jelovica, 1130m (VM32), 3.9.2005 (1 >, 1 +) [GSPC]. New records:?Blegoš, 1230m (VM21), 6.9.2008 (1 +) [GSPC]; ?Soriška planina, 1400m (VM22), 3.8.2008 (1 +) [GSPC] and 28.04.2018 (1 +) [GSPC] on Picea abies; Mangart, 2050 (UM94), 11.9.2018 (1 >, 2 ++) [GSPC; Fig. 88.2], probably on Geum montanum. Host plant: Unknown,possibly Geum spp. accordingtoConci etal. (1996). Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringasadultsonconifers. Remark: FemalescannotbereliablydistinguishedfromB. bohemica.Theywereidentified deductivelyaccordingtomalescollectedatthesameplaceandtime. 89. Bactericera kratochvili Vondráček, 1957 [Figs. 89.1–89.4] Seljak, 2006:Črnikal(VL14),24.9.2005[GSPC];Sabotin(UL99),10.09.2002[GSPC];Skalnica (UL99), 21.05.2005 [GSPC]; ČrniškeRavne (VL08), 03.07.2004[GSPC];Nanos, 950m (VL27), 06.07.2002 [GSPC]; Col, 720m (VL28), 14.07.2001 [GSPC];Lepena, 700m (UM92), 22.08.2003 [GSPC]; Škrljevica (VL26), 20.06.2005 [GSPC]; New records:Kubed(VL14),17.7.2012[GSPC –slide]and6.6.2014;Kastelec(VL14),26.5.2016; Petrinjski kras (VL14), 27.4.2008; Beka (VL15), 30.6.2016; Branik (VL07), 8.6.2006 [GSPC]; Baske, 600m (UL99), 22.5.2011; Grgar (UL99), 27.5.2012 [Figs. 89.3–89.4]; Golo Brdo, 150m (UM80), 23.6.2014 and 21.6.2015; Gradišče priVipavi,115m(VL17),29.9.2016[GSPC];Nanos(VL27),1.8.2015;MaloPolje (VL28), 27.6.2015. Host plant: Allium senescens [Fig. 89.2](Amaryllidaceae); Biology: Multivoltine,3–4generations;overwinteringasadultsorasfourthorfifthinstar nymphsonthehostplant(Lauterer,1965). 90. Bactericera lyrata Seljak, Malenovský & Lauterer, 2008 [Figs. 90.1–90.7] Seljak et al., 2008: Vogrsko, 50m (UL98), 13.9.2005, 10.6.2006, 8.8.2007 and 7.10.2007 (the type locality) [GSPC, PMSL – holotype and paratypes]; Prvačina (UL98), 5.8.2005[GSPC];NovaGorica(UL99),11.7.2001[GSPC];VelikeŽablje(VL18), 8.8.2007[GSPC];PorečepriPodnanosu(VL27),17.7.2005and20.6.2006[GSPC];Škocjanskizatok(VL04),24. 9.2005[GSPC]. New records:Vogrsko (UL98), 1.1.2014 [Fig. 90.4] Ceglo (UL89), 11.9.2008 [GSPC]; Bilje (UL98), 6.9.2017, 28.10.2017 and 11.02.2018 [GSPC]; Nova Gorica (UL99), 29.9.2012 [Fig. 90.5] and 27.10.2012 [GSPC – slide; Fig. 90.6]; Panovec (UL98), 15.9.2012 [GSPC; Fig. 90.3]; Vrtojba (UL98), 11.7.2017 [GSPC]; Kromberk (UL99),21.6.2017[GSPC];GradiščepriVipavi,115m(VL17),29.9.2016[GSPC] and 1.10.2017. Host plant: Potentilla reptans (Rosaceae)[Fig. 90.2](Seljak et Malenovský,2014). Biology: Multivoltine, 3 generations (Seljak et Malenovský, 2014); overwintering as adults,probablyonthehostplantorinlitter. Remark: This recently described species has also been recorded from the Czech Republic andHungary(Malenovský et Lauterer,2012). 91. Bactericera modesta (Foerster, 1848) [Figs. 91.1–91.5] Löw, 1888:Gorica(asGörz,as Trioza recondita Flor,1861,A. Henschleg.); Seljak, 2006: Nanos, 900m, 26.07.2002 [GSPC]; Grgar (UL99), 31.08.2002 [GSPC]; Trnovo (VL09),31.12.2004[GSPC]; New records: Izola, 130m (UL94), 3.11.2008 [GSPC]; Paderna, 220m (UL94), 1.6.2009;Škocjanski zatok (VL04), 26.5.2016; Ankaran (VL04), 16.5.2018; Kastelec (VL14), 26.5.2016; Beka (VL15), 30.6.2016; Starod, 670m (VL33), 7. 02. 2019; HrušicapriPodgradu(VL34),6.7.2008;Auber(VL16),26.7.2011;Branik(VL07), 8.6.2006 [GSPC] and 10.6.2008; Zalošče (VL08), 30.6.2017; Gaberje (VL17), 8.6.2006; Planina (VL17), 8.6.2006; Gradišče pri Vipavi (VL27), 3.10.2018;Podnanos(VL17),5.7.2014and24.9.2006;ŠempeterpriGorici(UL98),25.9.2011; Vrtojba (UL98), 30.6.2017; Nova Gorica (UL99), 9.10.2011 [GSPC – slide; Fig. 91.5]; Ravnica, 500m (UL99), 25.5.2008 [GSPC]; Grgar (UL99), 26.05.2019 [Figs. 91.3–91.4]; Golo Brdo (UM80), 23.06.2014 [GSPC]; Unec, 540m (VL47), 31.8.2008; Idrijski Log, 670m (VL29), 23.6.2018; Labinje 660m (VM21), 1.11.2013[GSPC];LabinjskeLehe,1000m(VM21),17.6.2017. Host plant: Sanguisorba minor s. l. [Fig. 91.2] and S. officinalis (Rosaceae) (Lauterer, 1991). Biology: Multivoltine,atleast2orpossibly3generationsperyear;overwinteringasadults onconifers(Lauterer, 1991). SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 92. Bactericera nigricornis (Foerster, 1848) [Figs. 92.1–92.3] Löw, 1888:Gorica(asGörz,A. Henschleg.);Hrašče(asHraschebeiAdelsberg); Seljak, 2006: Vrtojba (UL98), 19.11.2003 and 20.11.2003 [GSPC]; Nova Gorica (UL99), 05.10.2002 [GSPC]; Kanal (UM90), 05.07.2003 [GSPC]; Lokve (VL09), 25.07.2003; Banjšice (VL09), 18.07.2004; Slap pri Vipavi (VL17), 03.10.2002 [GSPC – slide]; Nanos, 950m (VL27), 06.07.2002 [GSPC]; Malo polje (VL28), 21.09.2003; Ratečevo brdo (VL35), 16.10.2003; Vojsko, 1050m (VL19), 23.08.2003[GSPC –slide];Turškivrh(WM83),20.09.2002[GSPC]; New records:Izola (UL94), 27.7.2011; Bilje (UL98), 17.3.2008; Prvačina (UL98), 14.4.2006 [GSPC]; Stara Gora (UL98), 29.6.2011 [GSPC]; Kromberk (UL99), 17.3.2007; Sabotin, 350m (UL99), 1.8.2012; Baske, 600m (UL99), 20.10.2007; Deskle (UM90),25.5.2007[GSPC –slide];Branik,370m(VL07),25.5.2014;Potoče,75m (VL08), 1.8.2012; Gaberje (VL17), 9.6.2006; Razguri, 560m (VL17), 23.9.2017; Čaven, 1250m (VL18), 28.9.2008; Dolga poljana, 340m (VL18), 11.7.2007; Ustje (VL18), 24.7.2008; Mala Lazna, 1111m (VL09), 13.6.2015; Vitovski vrh (VL09), 18.10.2015;DolnjeLežeče(VL25),13.5.2017;HruševjepriPostojni,535m(VL36), 12.9.2015[GSPC+presentphoto];Hrušica,880m(VL37),11.7.2007;Unec,540m (VL47), 31.8.2008; Trebuša, 460m (VM00), 17.8.2006; Spodnje Bukovo (VM11),28.8.2011; Cimprovka, 1250m (VM21), 23.10.2012; Škofje, 960m (VM21), 17.02.2019;GorenjiNovaki,1090m(VM21),28.8.2016;Labinje(VM21),17.9.2011; Porezen, 1330m (VM21), 27.5.2017; Zadnja Trenta, 970m (VM04), 8.06.2019; Ljubljana (VM60), 31.07.1971 [PMSL, B. Sket leg.]; Rateče (VM05), 15.8.2012; ZgornjeJezersko,890m(VM63),15.8.2007[GSPC];Ivanjkovci(WM84),28.7.2011. Host plants: Polyphagous (e.g. Capsicum annuum, Cichorium intybus [Fig. 92.2], Persicaria maculosa, Solanum tuberosum, Xanthium orientale subsp. italicum) Biology: Multivoltine, 2 or possibly 3 generations per year; overwintering as adults on conifers(Conci etal. 1996). 93. *Bactericera parastriola Conci, Ossiannilsson & Tamanini, 1988 [Figs. 93.1–93.3] New records:Porezen, 1600m (VM21), 3.7.2010 and 25.6.2011 [GSPC]; Soriška planina, 1450m(VM22),3.7.2008[GSPC];Mangartskosedlo,2100m(UM94),28.8.2015 [GSPC]. Host plant: Salix waldsteiniana [Fig. 93.2]; S. appendiculata, S. caprea (Lauterer et Malenovský, 2002), according to Ossiannilsson (1992) also some other Salix spp. (Salicaceae)notoccurringinSlovenia. Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers, adults occur on the host plants betweenMayandAugust(Conci etal. 1996). Remark: AccordingtoConcietal.(1996),B. parastriola isanorophilousspeciesthatlives in higher altitudes, mainly on Salix walsteiniana and some other Salix species. In Slovenia as well, specimens that share all morphological characteristics of B. parastriola given by Ossiannilsson (1992) have always been collected in the subalpinezone on S. waldsteiniana. However, in the south-westernsub-Mediter­ranean part of Slovenia (perhaps also in adjacent parts of north-eastern Italy), a lowland population occurs that is similar to P. parastriola with which it shares most morphological features, but slightly differs in the shape of paramere, male proctiger and aedeagus. It is also associated with different willow species. This morphneedsafurtherstudyandisnotincludedinthisaccount. 94. Bactericera perrisii Puton, 1876 [Figs. 94.1] Löw, 1888:Gorica(asGörz),Trnovskigozd(asTarnovanerwald,A. Henschleg.). Host plants: Artemisia alba, A. campestris (Asteraceae)(Lauterer,1982;Concietal.,1996). Biology: Multivoltine,2–3generations;overwinteringasadults(Lauterer,1982). Remark: Recently, this species could not have been found in the area specified by Löw. Theserecordsneedverification,becausetheymightrefertoB. kratochvili,which iscommoninthearea. 95. Bactericera striola (Flor, 1861) [Figs. 95.1–95.3] Löw, 1888: Gorica(asGörz,A. Henschleg.);Lesce(asLees,F. Thenleg.); Gräffe, 1911:Tolmin(asTolmein); Seljak, 2006: Lukini (VL13), 24.9.2005; Nova Gorica (UL99), 03.04.2005; Ajševica (VL08), 02.08.2003 and 24.03.2005; Trnovo (VL09), 31.12.2004; Podnanos (VL27), 17.07.2005; Tolmin (VM01), 03.04.2005; Jelovica (VM32), 3.9.2005 [GSPC]. These records (except the last one) are not supported by voucher specimens. Therefore, they need further field verification because likely confused with the speciesnear B. parastriola discussedunderspeciesnumber93; New records:Vodice, 930m (VL28), 25.07.2018 and 4.08.2019 [GSPC; Figs. 95.3]; Hotedršica (VL38), 23.06.2018; Planinsko polje, 450m (VL47), 31.08.2008; Cerkniško jezero, 550m (VL56), 27.06.2017; Dolenje Jezero, 550m (VL56), 17.07.2017; Kranjska gora, 840m (VM04), 27.07.2008; Labinje, 670m (VM21), 1.11.2016; Sorica,1000mm(VM22),28.04.2018;Blegoš,1500m(VM31),8.08.2009. Host plants: Salix spp.: e.g. S. appendiculata, S. aurita, S. caprea [Fig. 95.2], S. cinerea, S. euxina, S. glabra, S. hastata, S. purpurea (Salicaceae)(Ossiannilsson,1992). Biology: Possiblybivoltine(Conci etal.,1996);overwinteringasadultsonconifers. 96. *Bactericera trigonica (Hodkinson, 1981) [Figs. 96.1–96.4] New records: Strunjan(UL94),28.8.2018;Nanos,1000m(VL27),1.8.2015;NovaGorica,100m (UL99),26.8.2018[GSPC;Figs.96.3–96.4];GoloBrdo,150m(UM80),23.6.2014 [GSPC],21.6.2015and20.5.2016[GSPC];Lig,660m(UM90),14.10.2018. Host plants: Daucus carota [Fig. 96.2], Libanotis daucifolia, Orlaya grandiflora (Apiaceae). Biology: Multivoltine,2–3generations;overwinteringasadults(Lauterer,1993a). SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 Phylloplecta Riley,1884 97. Phylloplecta trisignata (Lw, 1886) [Figs. 97.1–97.4] Seljak, 2006:Parecag(UL93),18.10.2004[GSPC]; New record: Kromberk(UL99),31. 10. 2011[Fig. 97.3]. Host plants: Rubus spp. (Rosaceae)[Fig. 97.2]. Biology: Univoltine (?);overwinteringasadultsonconifers or onthehostplants, nymphs occurbetweenAugustandOctober(Conci etal.,1996). Trichochermes Kirkaldy,1904 98. Trichochermes walkeri (Foerster, 1848) [Figs. 98.1–98.4] Flor, 1861b:Postojna(VL37)(asAdelsberg); Löw, 1888:Gorica(asGörz,UL98,UL99,A. Henschleg.);Postojna(VL3;afterFlor, 1861b); Lesce(VM33;F. Thenleg.]. Gräffe, 1911:Primorska(asKüstenland); Janežič, 1989: at 134 sites throughout Slovenia: Ajdovščina, Bistričica, Bled, Boč, Bohinjska Bistrica, Bovec, Braslovče, Brežice, Col, Čatež pri Strugah, Čepovan, Črna na Koroškem, Črnomelj, Divača, Dobliče, Dobovec, Dobrna, Dolenja vas pri Cerknici, Dolenja vas pri Ribnici, Gorenje pri Divači, Gornji Grad, Gornji Ig, Grgar, Grgar, Hruševje pri Postojni, Idrija, Jezersko, Kačiče-Pared, Kamnik, Knežja Lipa, Kobarid, Kočevje, Kot pri Ribnici, Kozina, Kranj, Kriška vas, KrižnaGora,Laško,Latkovavas,Lipica,LiscanadSevnico,Ljubljana –Rožnik, Logatec,Medvode,Mengeš,Metlika,Mojstrana,Morava,MostnaSoči,Motnik, Naklo, Novo mesto, Pijava gorica, Pivka, Polhov Gradec, Poljčane, Postojna, Preddvor, Prestranek, Prevalje, Rakek, Rakitna, Ravbarkomanda, Rogač, Senožeče, Sežana, Slap Savica, Slavnik, Slovenija, Smuka, Stahovica, Stari trg priLožu,Stična,Sv.PrimožpriKamniku,Svečina,ŠentvidpriStični,ŠmarjepriSežani, Šmarna gora, Trebnje, Trzin, Tržič, Tržič, Turjak, Velike Lašče, Velike Lašče, Vinica, Vipava, Vipolže, Volče, Vransko, Vrhnika, Zasavska Sveta gora,ZgornjaBistrica,Žiri,Žlebič,Žužemberk. Seljak, 2006:LogČezsoški(UM83),16.09.2002[GSPC];Lepena,700m(UM92),22.08.2003 [GSPC]; Vojsko, 1050m (VL19), 23.08.2003; Nanos (VL27), 10.08.2000; Bohinjskojezero(VM12),03.08.1999; New records:Vitovski vrh (VL09), 18.10.2015; Podkraj, 870m (VL27), 10.9.2008; Spodnji Lokovec, 790m (VL09), 12.8.2014; Korada (UM80), 19.10.2013; Kolovrat, 1100m (UM91), 8.9.2012; Trebuša, 450m (VM00), 17.8.2006; Hrušica, 880m (VL38), 30.07.2019; Mašun, 1000m (VL45), 27.7.2017; Babno polje, 750m (VL65),16.8.2018;Kozarišče,575 m(VL56),16.8.2018[GSPC;Figs. 98.3–98.4]; Planinsko polje, 450m (VL47), 31.8.2008; Unec, 540m (VL47), 31.8.2008; Hotedršica(VL39),23.6.2018[Fig. 98.2];Dole,740m(VL39),23.6.2018. Host plant: Rhamnus cathartica (Rhamnaceae). Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as eggs (Lauterer, 1982); nymphs in leaf roll galls [Fig. 98.2];adultsoccurbetweenAugustandSeptember. Trioza Foerster,1848 99. Trioza abdominalis Flor, 1861 [Figs. 99.1–99.2] Seljak et al., 2008:ČrnivrhnadCerknim,1270m(VM21),5.8.2007[GSPC]; New record: Peca(VM85),22.7.1974[PMSL,B. Sketleg.]. Host plant: Achillea millefolium (Ossiannilsson,1992);accordingtoConcietal.(1996)also on Anthemis spp. (Asteraceae). Biology: Univoltine,overwinteringasadultsonconifers. 100. Trioza alacris (Flor, 1861) [Figs. 100.1–100.6] Seljak, 2006: Snežatno (UL89), 01.06.2005; Fojana (UL89), 10.06.2005; Gornje Cerovo (UL89), 10.06.2005; Kromberk (UL99), 11.06.2005; Nova Gorica (UL99), 06.06.2000, 13.5.2002 [GSPC] and 09.06.2003; Pliskovica (VL06), 07.06.2003 [GSPC]; New records:Portorož (UL84), 15.12.2006 and 23.5.2014; Korte, 100m (UL93), 17.5.2009; Parecag(UL93),20.10.2005;Seča(UL93),4.6.2006;Strunjan(UL94),26.5.2008; Lazaret(VL05),3.7.2017;NovaGorica(UL99),23.05.2005[Fig.100.3],4.05.2012 and 16.7.2019 [Figs. 100.4–100.6]; Vipolže (UL89), 31.5.2006; Sabotin, 200m (UL99),4.2.2007;Budanje(VL18),16.7.2007;Vipava(VL17),1.7.2009. Host plant: Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae). Egg-laying females induce strong curling and mal­formation of leaf margins [Fig. 100.3]. After the eggs hatch, the galls in which immaturesdwell,increaserapidly(Conci et Tamanini,1985). Biology: Multivoltine,2–5generations;overwinteringasadultsonthehostplant(Conci et al.,1996). 101. Trioza anthrisci Burckhardt, 1986 [Figs. 101.1–101.4] Seljak,2006:Kucelj(VL08),02.09.2002[GSPC];Podkraj(VL28),12.05.2002;Laniše(VL38), 12.05.2002;SpodnjeBukovo(VM11),14.05.2000[GSPC]and13.07.2002; New records:Grgarske Ravne (UL99), 13.5.2006 [GSPC]; Kucelj, 1150m (VL08), 30.12.2018 [GSPC]; Mala Lazna, 1100m (VL09), 1.8.2010, 23.6.2011 [GSPC], 13.6.2015 and 23.10.2015; Čaven, 1240m (VL18), 14.8.2011; Hrušica, 880m (VL38), SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 30.07.2019; Kolovrat, 1060m (UM91), 15.11.2018 [Fig. 101.3]; Grahovo ob Bači (VM11),4.6.2017[GSPC]and23.5.2019[Fig. 101.4];Podlanišče,700m(VM20), 1.5.2007 [GSPC]; Cimprovka, 1180m (VM21), 26.6.2010 [GSPC]; Zgornje Jezersko,890m(VM63),15.8.2007[GSPC];Svečina(WM46),15.8.2007. Host plants: Anthriscus sylvestris, Chaerophyllum hirsutum (Apiaceae); according to Burckhardt(1985)alsoon Angelica sylvestris and Heracleum sphondylium. Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers, adults have been found on the hostplantsfromMaytothebeginningofSeptember(Ossiannilsson,1992). 102. Trioza apicalis Foerster, 1848 [Figs. 102.1–102.3] Löw, 1888:Gorica(asGörz,A. Henschleg.),Ljubljana(asLaibach),Nanos(asBergNanos); Janežič, 1973:Pleterje(WL49);Šentjernej(WL27); Seljak, 2006: Krn, 1100m (UM92), 05.07.2003 [GSPC]; Labinje, 670m (VM21), 13.10.2002 [GSPC]; New records: Lazna, 970m (VL09), 7.12.2016 [GSPC]; Mrzli Log (VL28), 16.5.2017; Labinje, 680m (VM21), 9.09.2006 [GSPC] and 01.11.2006 [GSPC]; Cimprovka, 1250m (VM21), 23.10.2012; Čeplez (VM21), 2.4.2011; Gorenji Novaki,1030m(VM21), 4.7.2009 [GSPC]; Kolovrat (UM91), 15.11.2018 [Fig. 102.3]; Planina Zapleč, 1200m (UM92), 12.7.2015; Mangartsko sedlo, 2100m (UM94), 28.8.2015 [GSPC];Topla(VM84),21.7.1974[PMSL,B. Sketleg.]. Host plants: Daucus carota, Chaerophyllum spp.; according to Láska (1974) also on Petroselinum crispum and Carum carvi (Apiaceae); Biology: Univoltine,overwinteringasadultsonconifers. Locallyaseriouspestoncarrots causingstrongcurlingandmalformationsofinfestedleaves;vectorofCandidatus Liberibacter solanacearum on carrot (Munyaneza et al., 2014; Teresani et al. 2017). Remark: Historical records by Löw (1888) should be revised as they may concern also otherspeciesfromthe T. apicalis-complex sensu Burckhardt(1986). 103. Trioza centranthi (Vallot, 1829) [Figs. 103.1–103.6] Janežič, 1976, 1977, 1988 and 1989: Seča (UL93); Piran (UL84); Fjesa (UL84); Strunjan (UL94);Cerovo(UL89); New records: Piran(UL84),2.04.2019;DebeliRtič(UL94),15.5.2008;Izola(UL94),30.4.2011;ŠmarjepriKopru(UL94),17.5.2009[GSPC];Štanjel(VL17),8.10.2011;Bukovica (UL98), 23.4.2011; Kromberk, 300m (UL99), 25.5.2006 [GSPC], 3.7.2006 [GSPC], 26.11.2006 [GSPC], 1.4.2007 [GSPC], 14.02.2018 and 1.5.2018 [Figs. 103.3–103.6];Vitovlje(VL08),14.7.2009[GSPC]. Host plants: Centranthus ruber [Fig. 103.2]; according to Ossiannilsson (1992) also on Valerianella spp. and Fedia cornucopiae (Caprifoliaceae); Biology: Multivoltine; overwintering as adults or nymphs on the host plants; in mild climates of south-western Slovenia it develops on Centranthus ruber continuou­slyalsoduringthewinter.Egg-layingfemalesandimmaturescausestrongrolling ofleaf-marginsandseveremalformationsonleaves[Fig. 103.7]. 104. Trioza cerastii (Linnaeus, 1758) [Figs. 104.1–104.4] Janežič, 1976: Križnagora(VM41); Seljak, 2006: Labinje,670m(VM21),20.07.2003[GSPC]; New records:Kucelj (VL08), 13.08.2006 [GSPC], 16.9.2012 [GSPC] and 18.10.2015 [Fig. 104.3]; Mrzli Log (VL28), 27.6.2015; Velike Vrše, 850m (VM00), 8.7.2007 [GSPC]; Tolminski Lom, 770m (VM01), 20.6.2014; Kobariški Stol, 1370 (UM82), 8.9.2013; Kolovrat, 1100m (UM91), 8.9.2012 [GSPC] and 15.11.2018 [GSPC]; Vršič, 1620m (VM04), 12.4.2011; Bukovski vrh, 820m (VM11), 26. 02. 2019; Labinje, 680m (VM21), 9.09.2006 [GSPC] and 01.11.2006 [GSPC]; Cimprovka, 1180m (VM21), 24.6.2006 [GSPC] and 26.6.2010 [GSPC]; Črni vrh nad Cerknim, 1270m (VM21), 5.8.2007 [GSPC]; Porezen, 1600m (VM21), 3.7.2010and25.6.2011;Blegoš,1500m(VM31),17.10.2019. Host plants: Cerastium spp.,mostly C. arvense s.l. (Caryophyllaceae)(Ossiannilsson,1992); Biology: Univoltine; overwinteringas adults on conifers; immatures cause strong malfor­mationsonleaves,shootsandinflorescences(Ossiannilsson,1992). 105. Trioza chenopodii Reuter, 1876 [Figs. 105.1–105.2] Janežič, 1989: Fjesa (UL84); Strunjan (UL94); Koper (VL04); Ribnica na Pohorju (WM25); VinskivrhpriOrmožu(WM94); Seljak, 2006: Počehova(WM55),10.8.2004[J. Miklavcleg.]; Host plants: Atriplex patula, A.prostrata subsp. calotheca, Chenopodium album (Janežič, 1989)[Fig. 105.2];also A. portulacoides and Spinacia oleracea (Amaranthaceae) (Ossiannilsson,1992). Biology: Multivoltine, 2–3 generations; overwintering as adults in the host plant’s debris (Lauterer, 1982); immatures cause curling of leaf margins (Ossiannilsson, 1992). 106. Trioza chrysanthemi Lw, 1878 [Figs. 106.1–106.2] Löw, 1888:Lesce(asLees,F. Thenleg.); Janežič, 1989:Strunjan(UL94). Host plant: Leucanthemum spp. (Asteraceae)[Fig. 106.2],e.g. L. platylepis (Janežič,1989). Biology: Univoltine;immatureslivinginshallowpitsonthelowersideofleaves;overwin­teringasadultsonconifers(Ossiannilsson,1992). Remark: This species may be quite rare. Its occurrence in Slovenia could not have been confirmedrecently. SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 107. Trioza cirsii Lw, 1881 [Figs. 107.1–107.4] Seljak, 2006:Ratečevobrdo(VL35),16.10.2003[GSPC]; New records:Kucelj, 1150m (VL08), 13.8.2006 [GSPC]; Mala Lazna (VL09), 9.5.2015; Rebrnice, 520m (VL26), 20.9.2007 [GSPC]; Hrušica, 880m (VL38), 30.07.2019 [Figs. 107.3–107.4]; Cimprovka (VM21), 23.10.2012 [GSPC]; Soriška planina (VM22),3.7.2008;Lajnar,1500m(VM22),23.10.2012;Ljubljana(VM50),31.07. 1971[PMSL,B.Sketleg.];Mlinarjevosedlo,1300m(VM63),15.8.2007[GSPC]. Host plants: Cirsium spp., (Asteraceae) (Ossiannilsson, 1992); in Slovenia mainly on C. oleraceum. Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringasadultsonconifers. Remark: Flor’s(1861b)recordofT. viridula fromLjubljana(asLaibach)probablyrefersto T. cirsii. 108. Trioza flavipennis Foerster, 1848 [Figs. 108.1–108.5] Janežič, 1989: Dekani (VL04); Podsabotin (UL99); Tolmin (VM01); Kobarid (UM92); Trnovo ob Soči (UM82);Cerkno (VM21);Logatec(VL48); Ravbarkomanda (VL47);Verd (VL48);Borovnica(VL48);Vrhnika(VL48);Horjul(VL49);PijavaGorica(VL68); Turjak (VL68); Kompolje (VL77); Muljava (VL88); Stična (VL88); Višnja Gora (VL88); Trebnje (VL98); Gabrovka (VL99); Spodnje Mojstrana (VM14); Dolenji Novaki (VM21); Jesenice (VM24);Jesenice (VM24); Planina pod Golico (VM24);Žiri (VM30); Bled (VM33); Mošnje (Podvin) (VM33); Posavec (VM42); Topol pri Medvodah(VM50);Brnik(VM51),15.6.1973;Preddvor(VM52);Jezersko(VM63); Zalog (VM70); Kamnik (VM71); Stahovica (VM72); Sv. Primož pri Kamniku (VM72); Litija (VM80); Krašnja (VM81); Ljubno ob Savinji (VM83); Vransko (VM91); Prevalje (VM95); Novo mesto (WL17); Vinica (WL23); Gospodična naGorjancih(WL26);PleterjepriŠentjerneju(WL27);KostanjevicanaKrki(WL37); Leskovec pri Krškem (WL38); Brežice (WL48); Trbovlje (WM00); Braslovče (WM02);Velenje(WM03);Celje(WM12);Dobrna(WM13);VinskaGora(WM13); Muta(WM16);BreznoobDravi(WM26);PlaninapriSevnici(WM30);Slovenjske Konjice (WM33); Ožbalt (WM36); Ožbalt (WM36); Podčetrtek (WM41); Fram (WM44); Radvanje pri Mariboru (WM45); Poljčane (WM54); Ptuj (WM64); Vurberk (WM64); Gornja Radgona (WM76); Murska Sobota (WM86); Grad v Prekmurju(WM88);VinskivrhpriOrmožu(WM94);Lendava(XM15); Seljak, 2006: Spodnje Bukovo (VM11), 11.03.2001 [GSPC]; Zgornje Pijavško (VM63), 01.05.2003[GSPC]. New records:Panovec (UL98), 27.12.2005 [GSPC]; Stomaž, 450m (VL18), 11.5.2008 [GSPC]; Vitovski vrh (VL09), 18.10.2015 [GSPC] and 9.11.2018 [Fig. 108.3]; Mala Lazna (VL09), 23.10.2015 [GSPC]; Hrušica (VL38), 21.4.2017; Vodice, 930m (VL28), 25.7.2018; Medvedje Brdo, 650m (VL39), 1.06.2019; Ponikve – Zagomilica, 760m(VM11),26.12.2019;Zakriž(VM11),5.6.2015[Fig. 108.4];Labinje,660m (VM21), 9.9.2006 [GSPC], 1.11.2015 and 1.11.2016; Soriška planina (VM22), 28.4.2018;Podutik(VM50),3.6.2013;Draga(Ig)(VL68),20.5.2017[Fig. 108.5]. Host plant: Aegopodium podagraria [Fig. 108.2](Apiaceae). Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers (mainly Picea abies) (Ossiannilsson,1992);adultsoccuronthehostplantfromMarchtoSeptember. Immatures live in shallow pit-galls on the lower leaf-sides; these galls are producedbyegg-layingfemales[Fig. 108.4–108.5]. 109. *Trioza flixiana Burckhardt & Lauterer, 2002 [Figs. 109.1–109.2] New records: Soriškaplanina,1300m(VM22),3. 07. 2008(1>)[GSPC]on Picea abies. Host plant: Probably Cirsium spinosissimum (Burckhardt et Lauterer,2002). Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers; otherwise life history largely unknown(Burckhardtetal., 2007). 110. Trioza foersteri Meyer-Dr, 1871 [Figs. 110.1–110.6] Janežič, 1989, (sub Trioza dispar Löw, 1876): Logatec (VL48); Drenov Grič (VL49); Horjul (VL49); Planina nad Horjulom (VL49); Rakitna (VL58);Vnanje Gorice(VL59); Fara(VL66);Ig(VL68);Pijavagorica(VL68);Smrjene(VL68);Kočevje(VL85);Muljava (VL88); Stična (VL88); Višnja gora (VL88), 15.7.1979; Šentlovrenc (VL98); Trebnje (VL98); Golnik (VM43); Ljubljana, Rožnik (VM60), 15.6.1978; Volčji potok (VM71); Sv. Primož pri Kamniku (VM72); Novo mesto (WL17);Prečna pri Novem mestu (WL17); Šmarješke Toplice (WL17); Raka pri Krškem (WL38); Velenje (WM03); Laze pri Velenju (WM13); Dobrna (WM13); Celje (WM22);Lipoglav(WM32);Kozje(WM40);Vojnik(WM52); Seljak, 2018: Zgornja Sorica, 1120m (VM22), 29.7.2016 [GSPC + slides; Figs. 110.3, 110. 4 and 110.6]; Draga (Ig) (VL68), 19.5.2017 [Fig. 110.5]; Mirtovički potok (VL84), 21.7.2013[GSPC –slide];Mrzlica,970m(WM01),5.8.2018; New records:Labinje,700m(VM21),13.04.2019(gallsandeggsonLactuca muralis and Aposeris foetida); Godovič, 600m (VL29), 1.06.2019 (galls and eggs on Lactuca muralis); MedvedjeBrdo,650m(VL39),1.06.2019(gallsandeggson Aposeris foetida). Host plants: Aposeris foetida [Fig. 110.2] (Seljak, 2018) and Lactuca muralis (Asteraceae) (Burckhardt,1989; Malenovský et Lauterer,2012). Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers; adults occur on the host plants from March to May and in July to August; on the places where eggs are laid, pit-gallsareinducedonleaves[Fig. 110.6]. 111. Trioza galii Foerster, 1848 [Figs. 111.1–111.3] Löw, 1888:Gorica(asGörz,UL98,UL99,A.Henschleg.);Lesce(asLees,VM33,F.Thenleg.); Seljak, 2006: Ratečevobrdo (VL35),16.10.2003;Gorjansko,197m(UL97),6.8.2005;Kucelj (VL08), 02.09.2002; Nanos (VL27), 26.07.2002; Malo polje (VL28), Vipolže (UL89), 26.07.2005 [GSPC]; Krn, 1100m (UM92), 05.07.2003; 21.09.2003; SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 Soriška planina, 1300m (VM22), 19.08.2002; Pokljuka (VM23), 14.08.2003; Jelovica1100m(VM32),19.09.2004; New records:Labor, 340m (VL03), 16.5.2018 [GSPC]; Lukini (VL13), 24.9.2005 [GSPC]; Črni kal (VL14), 9.6.2011; Matenja vas (VL36), 20.10.2005; Dolenja vas, 560m (VL26), 19.5.2018 [Fig. 111.3]; Cerje (UL98), 7.5.2006 [GSPC]; Rebrnice, 520m (VL26), 20.9.2007; Hrušica (VL37), 19.9.2007 and 10.9.2008; Volovja reber (VL44),1.7.2007;Mašun(VL45),27.7.2017;Cerkniškojezero(VL56),27.6.2017; ZadnjaTrenta,970m(VM03),28.7.2007;Bukovščica(VM41),8.7.2006;Preddvor (VM52),18.5.2006;Puščava(WL18),17.6.2006. Host plants: Galium spp.[Fig.111.2],Sherardia spp.(Rubiaceae)(Burckhardtet Lauterer, 2006); Biology: Multivoltine (number of generations unknown); overwintering as adults (Burckhardt et Lauterer,2006). 112. Trioza ilicina (De Stefani Perez, 1901) [Figs. 112.1–112.4] Janežič, 1989:NovaGorica(UL98);Portorož(UL94); Seljaket al., 2008: Solkan,200m(UL99),4.2.2007[GSPC –slide]and8.2.2008;Lijak,290m (VL09),11.2.2007;NovaGorica(UL98),25.2.2007(alwaysinthenymphstage); New record: Fjesa(UL94),2.04.2019;Izola(UL94),2.4.2017(gallsandexuviaofimmatures); Nova Gorica (UL98), 1.04.2011 [GSPC – slide], 06.03.2014 [GSPC – slide] and 19.03.2017[Figs. 112.3–112.4]; Host plant: Quercus ilex (Fagaceae)[Fig. 112.2]; Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringas the third or fourth instar nymphs inpit-galls onthe lowerleaf-side[Fig. 112.4];adultsoccurfromApriltoJune. 113. (?)Trioza kiefferi Giard, 1902 [Figs. 113.1–113.4] Janežič, 1989: Lepena (UM93); Komna, 1500m (VM02); Slap Savica (VM02); Stara Fužina (VM12); Uskovnica (VM13), 15.8.1978; Javorniški Rovt (VM24); Stol (VM34); Rinka (VM63); Trioza kiefferi misinterpreted as the causal agent of cylindrical pillar-likegallsonleavesof Rhamnus alpina subsp. fallax. Host plant: Monophagous on Rhamnus alaternus (Rhamnaceae), on which it causes pillar­-likegallsonleaves(Rapisarda,1989). Remarks: So far, T. kiefferi has only been known from southern Italy, Malta, the Iberian Peninsula and Algeria (Burckhardt, 1989; Rapisarda, 1989; Conci et al., 1996). Janežič(1989)reporteditfromRhamnus fallax (=R. alpinus subsp.fallax)atseveral localitiesin theSlovene Alps. Ashis identifications were basedmerely onleaf galls by using Houard’s (1909) identification keys, Janežič (1989) probably made the samemistakeasmanyEuropeanplantgallresearchersbeforehim.AsBurckhardt (1983) stated, the resemblance of galls on Rhamnus alpinus to those on Rhamnus alaternus produced by Trioza kiefferi in the Mediterranean area has led to misi­dentifications [Fig. 113.4]. According to the same author, galls on Rhamnus alpinus are not produced by any known psyllid (Seljak, 2006). Author’s observations on fresh material of leaves of R. alpinus subsp. fallax collected at the locality Selovec (Trnovskigozd;45°56‘3.76“N,13°48‘49.34“E)inearlyAugust2019stronglysupport this opinion. Cylindrical galls were scattered or more or less densely grouped in clusters on the upper leaf-side (some galls may occur on the lower side of leaves as well) [Fig. 113.3]. These galls are up to 3.1mm high and up to 0.5mm thick at the base[Fig.113.4].Ontheoppositesideoftheleaf,thereisasmalldepressedopening, anentranceintothegall[Fig.113.4,arrow].Intheseopeningsandinsideofstillfresh (green)galls,variousdevelopmentalstagesofaneriophyidmitespeciesweremostly observed. This indicates that these mites are the true gall-inducer in Rh. alpina s.l. and not T. kiefferi,whichhasalreadybeenassumed(Ellis,2019).Aneriophyidmite Calepitrimerus rhamni Petanovic et Boczek, 1990 that causes identical galls on R. alpinus subsp.fallax hasbeenrecordedfromDurmitorinMontenegro(Petanović et Boczek,1990).AsampleofinfestedleavesfromSelovecwassenttotheacaralogist RadmilaPetanovićinBelgrade,Serbia,whoconfirmedCalepitrimerus rhamni asthe causalagentofthesegalls(Petanović,inlitt.). Forallthesereasons,itisconcluded here that the records by Janežič (1989) refer to this eriophyid mite. Therefore, T. kiefferi hastobeconsideredasabsentfromSlovenia. 114. Trioza laserpitii Burckhardt & Lauterer, 1982 [Figs. 114.1–114.5] Seljak et al., 2008:Cimprovka,1258m(VM21),24.6.2006[GSPC]; New records:Kucelj, 1150m (VL08),30.12.2018; Kobariški Stol,1370m (UM82), 8.9.2013; Kolovrat, 1100m (UM91), 8.9.2012 [GSPC] and 15.11.2018 [GSPC; Figs. 114.3– 114.4] and 25.8.2019 [Fig. 114.5]; Izvir Soče, 920m (VM04), 12.4.2011 [GSPC];Vršič, 1620m (VM04), 12.4.2011, I. Malenovský leg. et det. [MMBC]; Škofje, 960m (VM21), 17.02.2019; Cimprovka, 1250m (VM21), 23.10.2012 [GSPC]; Soriškaplanina,1250m(VM22),28.04.2018. Host plants: Laserpitium latifolium [Fig. 114.2], other Laserpitium spp. and probably also someotherApiaceae(Burckhardt,1986);adultsinSloveniaweremainlyfound onshelterplants(mostlyon Picea abies). Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers; immatures [Fig. 114.5] on the lowersurfaceofleavesinJulyandAugust(Ossiannilsson,1992). 115. Trioza megacerca Burckhardt, 1983 [Figs. 115.1–115.2] Seljak et al., 2008: Mlinarjevo sedlo, 1300m (VM63), 15.8.2007 [GSPC]; Rebrnice, 520m (VL26),20.9.2007[GSPC];Baske,600m(UL99),20.10.2007[GSPC]; New record: IlirskaBistrica(Stražnica),680m(VL44),11.2.2016[GSPC]. Host plant: Unknown,possiblyassociatedwithsometaxonofthetribeLactuceae(Asteraceae) (Seljak etal., 2008); in Slovenia, always swept from Juniperus communis or Picea abies. Biology: Unknown;overwinteringasadultsonconifers,mainlyon Juniperus communis. SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 116. Trioza munda Foerster, 1848 [Figs. 116.1–116.4] Seljak, 2006: Soriškaplanina1270m(VM22),19.09.2004[GSPC]; New records: Cimprovka, 1250m (VM21), 23.10.2012 [GSPC]; Soriška planina, 1300, 1500m (VM22), 23.10.2012 and 28.4.2018 [present photos]; Vršič, 1620m (VM04), 12.4.2011, I. Malenovský leg. et det. [MMBC]; Selo pri Prosenjakovcih, 260m (WM97),4.2.2016[GSPC]. Host plant: Scabiosa lucida [Fig. 116.2]; according to Ossiannilsson (1992) also other Scabiosa spp., Knautia spp. and Succisa pratensis (Caprifoliaceae); adults in Sloveniamainlysweptfromtheshelterplants,e.g. Picea abies. Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringasadultsonconifers. 117. *Trioza portulacoides Conci & Tamanini, 1984 [Figs. 117.1–117.4] New records: Škocjanski zatok (VL04), 27.4.2008 (1 >, 1 +) [GSPC] and 15.5.2008 (2 ++) [GSPC];Ankaran(VL04),17.5.2017(29>>,21++)[GSPC],16.05.2018(15>>, 11++)[Figs.117.3–117.4],18.07.2018(24>>,19++)[GSPC],28.08.2018(2>>, 5++)and02.04.2019. Host plant: Atriplex portulacoides (Amaranthaceae)[Fig. 117.2]; Biology: Largely unknown; adults found on the host plant from April to August, strictly in saline seashore habitats. Most likely the whole life cycle takes place on the hostplant. Remark: Probably conspecific with Trioza obionae Loginova, 1964, but this needs verifi­cation; previously only recorded from Italy (Conci et Tamanini, 1984; Conci et al.,1996). 118. Trioza proxima Flor, 1861 [Figs. 118.1–118.3] Flor, 1861a:Ljubljana(asLaibach,on Picea abies); Löw, 1888:Ljubljana(afterFlor,1861a),Gorica(asGörz,A. Henschleg.); Janežič, 1989:Razdrto(VL26,on Hieracium pilosella); Seljak, 2006:Črnivrh,1230m(VM21),20.7.2003[GSPC]; Host plant: Hieracium pilosella (Asteraceae)(Burckhardt,1983) Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adult on conifers; immatures in pit galls on leaves (Lauterer et Malenovský,2002). 119. Trioza remota Foerster, 1848 [Figs. 119.1–119.4] Janežič, 1989:Dragonja(UL93);KostanjevicanaKrasu(UL97);VolčjaDraga(UL98);Ankaran(VL04);Pridvor(VL04);Dutovlje(VL06);Komen(VL07);Selo(VL08);Šempas(VL08);Kubed(VL14);Osp(VL14);Prešnica(VL14);Kozina(VL15);Šmarjepri Sežani(VL16);Čehovini(VL17);Ajdovščina(VL18);Rakitovec(VL23);Divača (VL25); Senožeče (VL26); Veliko Brdo (VL34); Prestranek (VL36); Ilirska Bistrica (VL44); Cerknica (VL57); Ljubljana, Rožna dolina (VL59); Vnanje Gorice (VL59); Gornji Ig (VL68); Pijava gorica (VL68); Ljubljana (VL69); Kot pri Ribnici (VL76); Kompolje (VL77); Velike Lašče (VL77); Gabrovka (VL99);Most na Soči (VM01); Planina pod Golico (VM24); Javorje nad Škofjo Loko (VM31); Bled (VM33); Križna Gora (VM41); Naklo (VM42); Tržič (VM43); Brnik (VM51); Reteče (VM51); Preddvor (VM52); Vodice (VM61); Vače (VM80); Moravče (VM81); Radmirje ob Savinji (VM82); Radmirje ob Savinji (VM82);Motnik(VM91);Trojane(VM91);Vransko(VM91);Mirnapeč(WL07); Črnomelj (WL14); Semič (WL15); Mali Slatnik (WL17); Veliki Slatnik (WL17);Šentjanž (WL19); Šentjanž na Dolenjskem (WL19); Gospodična na Gorjancih (WL26); Leskovec (WL38); Senuše pri Krškem (WL38); Brestanica (WL39);Latkova vas (WM02); Šoštanj (WM03); Slovenj Gradec (WM05); Dravograd (WM06); Arja vas (WM12); Dobrna (WM13); Muta (WM16); Muta (WM16); Jurklošter (WM20); Lisca nad Sevnico (WM20); Grobelno (WM31); SlovenjskeKonjice(WM33);SlovenjskeKonjice(WM33);Zreče(WM33);ŠmarjepriJelšah(WM41); Rogaška Slatina (WM42); Šmartno na Pohorju (WM44); Maribor, Studenci (WM45); Svečina (WM46); Majšperk (WM53); Podlehnik (WM63); Vurberk (WM64); Borl (WM73); Moravci (WM75); Moravci (WM75); Otovci (WM88); Otovci (WM88); Središče (WM93); Veržej (WM95); Velika Nedelja (XM05); Mačkovci (XM06); Kobilje (XM07); Kobilje (Prekmurje) (XM07); Hodoš(XM08); Seljak, 2006:Kromberk,450m(UL99),10.03.2002[GSPC],09.11.2003and4.4.2004[GSPC];Šmihel,600m(VL08),31.03.2002[GSPC];Pripeči(VL09),30.04.2002;Trnovo (VL09), 31.12.2004; Labinje (VM21), 01.11.2003 [GSPC]; Podčetrtek, 205m (WM41),27.04.2005[GSPC]; New records:Črnotiče (VL14), 27.4.2008; Starod, 670m (VL33), 7.02.2019; Podgrad, 550m (VL34),7.02.2019;Vogrsko(VL08),31.3.2006;Črniče,140m(VL08),13.01.2019 [Figs. 119.3–119.4]; Nova Gorica (UL98), 26.3.2006 [GSPC] and 23.12.2006; Grgar (UL99), 5.5.2016; Ravnica (UL99), 4.11.2007; Sabotin, 200m (UL99), 4.2.2007; Korada (UM80), 19.10.2013; Lijak (VL09), 2.3.2008; Vitovski vrh, 880m (VL09), 9.11.2018; Rebrnice, 520m (VL26), 16.4.2011 [GSPC]; Podnanos (VL27), 18.4.2014; Ilirska Bistrica (Stražnica), 680m (VL44), 11.2.2016;Ponikve – Zagomilica, 760m (VM11), 26.12.2019; Škofje, 960m (VM21),17.02.2019;Cimprovka,1250m(VM21),23.10.2012;Žejnadolina,560m(VL39), 4.12.2018;SelopriProsenjakovcih(WM97),1.4.2015and04.02.2016[GSPC]. Host plants: Q. petraea [Fig. 119.2], Q. pubescens and Quercus robur (Fagaceae). Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringasadultsonconifers;adultsoccuronthehostplantsin AprilandMayandtheninNovember;immaturesinpitgallsonleaves. SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 120. Trioza rhamni (Schrank, 1801) [Figs. 120.1–120.5] Flor, 1861b, sub Trioza abieticola Foerst.:Ljubljana(asLaibach) Löw, 1888:Ljubljana(afterFlor,1861b),Gorica(asGörz,A. Henschleg.); Janežič, 1989: Slavnik (VL14); Kozina (VL15); Gorenje pri Divači (VL16); Senožeče (VL26); Cerovo (UL89); Vipolže (UL89); Ajdovščina (VL17); Vipava (VL17); Divača (VL25); Razdrto (VL26); Col (VL28); Bovec (UM83); Kobarid (UM92); Idrija (VL29);HruševjepriPostojni(VL36);Pivka(VL36);Prestranek(VL36);Postojna (VL37); Dolenja vas pri Cerknici (VL47); Planina pri Postojni (VL47); Logatec (VL48); Vrhnika (VL48); Drenov Grič (VL49); Horjul (VL49); Zaplana (VL49); Stari trg pri Ložu (VL56); Cerknica (VL57); Rakitna (VL58); Vnanje Gorice(VL59); Pijava gorica (VL68); Turjak (VL68); Kot pri Ribnici (VL76); Žlebič (VL76); Kompolje (VL77); Velike Lašče (VL77); Kočevje (VL85); Čatež pri Strugah(VL87);Stična(VL88);Smuka(VL96);MostnaSoči(VM01);SlapSavica(VM02); Mojstrana (VM14); Žiri (VM30); Bled (VM33); Radovljica (VM33); Polhov Gradec (VM40); Tržič (VM43); Kranj (VM51); Smlednik (VM51); Preddvor(VM52);Ljubljana(VM60);Mengeš(VM61);Bistričica(VM62);Dolpri Ljubljani(VM70); Kamnik (VM71);Stahovica(VM72); Vransko(VM91);Knežja Lipa (WL04); Mirna Peč (WL07); Trebnje (WL08); Črnomelj (WL14); Metlika (WL25);KostanjevicanaKrki(WL37);Brežice(WL48),15.8.1973;VelikeMalence (WL48); Dobovec (WM00); Trbovlje (WM00); Braslovče (WM02); Latkova vas(WM02); Laško (WM11); Lisca nad Sevnico (WM20); Ožbalt (WM36); Šmarje pri Jelšah (WM41); Boč (WM42); Svečina (WM46); Poljčane (WM54); Starše (WM54);Moškanjci(WM74);Cankova(WM77);Veržej(WM95); Seljak, 2006: Nova Gorica (UL99), 09.06.2002 [GSPC]; Kromberk (UL99), 11.06.2005; Ajševica(VL08),19.05.2002[GSPC]and22.04.2004;Nanos(VL27),06.07.2002 [GSPC];Vojsko(VL19),23.08.2003[GSPC –slide];Godovič(VL38),10.05.2002 [GSPC]. New records:Osek, 100m (VL08), 20.4.2008; Lokovec, Kolenci (VL09), 8.4.2018; Rebrnice, 520m(VL26),16.4.2011;Hrušica,880m(VL38),30.07.2019;Kozaršče(VM01), 24.5.2018; Kolovrat, 1100m (UM91), 8.9.2012 [GSPC] and 15.11.2018 [GSPC;Figs. 120.3–120.4]; Škofje, 960m (VM21), 17. 02. 2019; Dole, 740m (VL39), 23.6.2018[GSPC];Draga(Ig),315m(VL68),19.5.2017[GSPC]. Host plant: Rhamnus cathartica (Rhamnaceae) [Fig. 120.2]. Around each freshly laid egg a pit-gall [Fig. 120.5] occurs in which the first instar nymph develops. Each next nymphal instar moves to another place on the leaf lower side (Ossiannilsson, 1992). Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers; adults occur on the host plant betweenAprilandSeptember. 121. Trioza rotundata Flor, 1861 [Figs. 121.1–121.4] Seljak, 2006: Porezen, 1600m (VM21), 18.08.1999; Soriška planina 1270m (VM22), 19.09.2004 [GSPC]; Pokljuka (VM23), 14.08.2003 [GSPC] and 02.09.2005 [GSPC]; Blegoš, 1500m (VM31), 29.07.2001 [GSPC]; Rogla, 1470m (WM24), 25.07.2004; New records:Mala Lazna, 1110m (VL09), 1.8.2010 [GSPC], 9.5.2015 and 23.10.2015 [Fig. 121.3]; Kolovrat, 1060m (UM91), 15.11.2018 [GSPC]; Cimprovka, 1250m (VM21), 23.10.2012; Blegoš, 1500m (VM31), 17.10.2019; Lajnar, 1500m (VM22), 23.10.2012 [GSPC]; Soriška planina, 1500m (VM22), 23.05.2019 [Fig. 121.4];Vršič,1620m(VM04),12.4.2011,I. Malenovskýleg. etdet. [MMBC]. Host plants: Cardamine amara [Fig. 121.2]; according to some authors also C. hirsuta (Brassicaceae) and Stellaria nemorum (Caryophyllaceae) (Burckhardt et Lauterer,2002). Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringasadultsonconifers. 122.*Trioza saxifragae Lw, 1888 [Figs. 122.1–122.3] New records:Mangartskosedlo,2100m(UM94),28.8.2015(1>)[GSPC]and11.09.2018(1+) [GSPC;Fig. 122.3]. Host plant: Saxifraga paniculata [Fig. 122.2] and S. aizoides (Saxifragaceae) (Conci et al., 1996). Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringasadultsonconifers(Conci etal.,1996). 123. Trioza schrankii Flor, 1861 [Figs. 123.1–123.4] Seljak, 2006: Soriškaplanina,1300m(VM22),19.08.2002[GSPC];Logarskadolina(VM73), 30.07.2005 [GSPC]. New records:Hrušica, 880m (VL37), 28.3.2007 [GSPC], 11.7.2007 [GSPC] and 21.04.2017[GSPC]; Škofje, 960m (VM21), 17. 02. 2019; Blegoš, 1500m (VM31), 8.8.2009; Soriškaplanina,1300m(VM22),28.04.2018[GSPC;Fig. 123.3];Lajnar,1500m (VM22), 23.10.2012; Mangartsko sedlo, 2100m (UM94), 28.8.2015; Vršič, 1500m(VM04),12.4.2011,15.8.2012[GSPC]and30.05.2018[GSPC;Fig.123.4]; Vršič, 1620m (VM04), 12.4.2011, I. Malenovský leg. et det. [MMBC]; Planina Pungrat,1440m(VM54),9.8.2014;Jezersko(Mlinarjevosedlo),1300m(VM63), 15.8.2007[GSPC]. Host plant: Astrantia major (Apiaceae) [Fig. 123.2]; probably also A. carniolica, but this needsfurtherverification. Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringasadultsonconifers. 124. Trioza scottii Lw, 1880 [Figs. 124.1–124.6] Löw, 1888: Golnik(asGrossgallenstein); Janežič,1989:Bovec(UM83),Kobarid(UM92),Divača(VL25),Kačiče-Pared(VL25),Razdrto (VL26),Črnivrh(VL28),Prestranek(VL36),PlaninapriPostojni(VL47),Rakek SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 (VL47),1.1.1989,Logatec(VL48),Vrhnika(VL48),Horjul(VL49),StaraVrhnika (VL49),GorenjaBrezovicapodKrimom(VL58),Krim(VL58),PekelpriBorovnici (VL58), Rakitna (VL58), Podpeč pri Ljubljani (VL59), Iška (VL68), Pijava gorica (VL68), Smrjene (VL68), Turjak (VL68), Sodražica (VL76), Kompolje (VL77), Velike Lašče (VL77), Velike Lašče (VL77), Kočevje (VL85), Dolenja vas pri Ribnici (VL86), Čatež pri Strugah (VL87), Stična (VL88), Višnja Gora (VL88), MostnaSoči(VM01),GrahovoobBači(VM11),StaraFužina(VM12),Uskovnica (VM13),GozdMartuljek(VM14),Mojstrana(VM14),PlaninapodGolico(VM24),Žiri (VM30), Bled (VM33), Križna Gora (VM41), Škofja Loka (VM41), Topol pri Medvodah (VM50), Jezersko (VM63), Ljubno ob Savinji (VM83), Sava (VM90), ZasavskaSveta gora(VM90), Trebnje (WL08),Črnomelj (WL14),Semič(WL15), DolnjaTežkaVoda(WL16),Sevnica(WL29),SenušepriKrškem(WL38),Velenje (WM03), Dravograd (WM05), Slovenj Gradec (WM05), Muta (WM16), Fala (WM35),GradvPrekmurju(WM88); Seljak, 2006: Hotedršica (VL38), 10.05.2002 [GSPC]; Labinje, 670m (VM21), 13.10.2002 [GSPC+slide]and01.11.2003[GSPC]. New records:Petelinjsko jezero (VL46), 14.7.2019 [Fig. 124.3]; Godovič, 600m (VL29),1.6.2019;Žejnadolina,550m(VL38),23.6.2018[Figs.124.4–124.5];Dole,740m (VL39),23.6.2018;Rakitna,800m(VL58),12.9.2008[GSPC+slide]; Host plant: Berberis vulgaris (Berberidaceae) [Fig. 124.2]; on places where eggs are laid on leaves,pit-gallsareinduced(Fig. 124.3); Biology: Univoltine;overwinteringasadultsonconifers. 125. Trioza senecionis (Scopoli 1763) [Figs. 125.1–125.5] Scopoli, 1763: Kranjska (as Carniola, most probably the surrounding countryside of Idrija; typelocality); Löw, 1888: Kranjska(afterScopoli,1763); Vondráček, 1953: Bovec(asFlitsch)[MMBC;coll. L. Melichar]. New records: Kucelj, 1150m (VL08), 28.9.2008; Trnovski gozd (VL09), 18.09.2019 [GSPC; Figs. 125.3–125.4]; Trnovski gozd (Krnica), 1050m (VL08), 28.9.2008 [GSPC + slide];Vitovskivrh,880m(VL08),28.9.2008[GSPC];Kolovrat,1120m(UM91), 15.11.2018 [GSPC] and 25.08.2019; Ledine, 890m (VM20), 27.09.2019 [Fig. 125.5],Blegoš,1300m(VM31),17.10.2019. Host plant: Senecio ovatus [Fig. 125.2]and S. nemorensis (Asteraceae). Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers; adults were found on the host plants in September and on shelter plants from October onwards; immatures on leaflowerside,notinducingmalformations. 126. *Trioza soniae Rapisarda, 1994 [Figs. 126.1–126.6] Janežič, 1989 sub Trioza sp.: Dragonja (UL93), Kubed (VL14), Prešnica (VL14), Kozina(VL15), Lipica (VL15), Gorenje pri Divači (VL16), Škocjan pri Divači (VL25), Divača (VL26), Podgrad (VL34), Veliko Brdo (VL34), Smrjene (VL68), Turjak (VL68),Kriškavas(VL88),Gabrovka(VL99),DolenjskeToplice(WL06),Rožni Dol (WL15), Uršna Sela (WL16), Gospodična na Gorjancih (WL26), Rogač (VM70),Grobelno(WM31),Podčetrtek(WM41),GradvPrekmurju(WM88); New records:Brič(VL03),8.1.2018[GSPC];Kozina,540m(VL15),28.8.2018;Mahniči,235m (VL17),14.7.2017,22.8.2017and23.9.2017[GSPC –slide];DolnjeLežeče(VL25), 3.10.2018 [GSPC; Fig. 126.5]; Rebrnice, 520m (VL26), 21.9.2007; Jakovce, 555m(VL27),3.10.2018[GSPC];Korada,640m(UM80),30.8.2017;Lig,660m (UM90),14.10.2018[GSPC;Figs. 126.3–126.4]. Host plant: Quercus cerris (Fagaceae) [Fig. 126.2]; on places where eggs are laid on leaves, pit-gallsareinduced[Fig. 126.6]; Biology: Univoltine; overwintering as adults on conifers; adults occur on the host plant in May and June and then from October to November; the second or third instar nymphsundergoalongsummerdiapause(Concietal. 1996). Remark: This species, strictly associated with Quercus cerris, was described from Italy (Rapisarda, 1994). Recently it has been recorded from Hungary (Ripka et al., 2018). In Slovenia, Janežič (1989) recorded pit-galls on Q. cerris from many localities throughout the country and correctly ascribed them to an unknown Trioza species. Some of these localities have been checked by the present author who confirmed T. soniae as the causal agent of the galls on Q. cerris. The life historyof T. soniae isnearlyidenticalto T. remota,butmorphologicalcharacters of immatures are quite different. Distinguishing both species from each other is mucheasierinnymphalstagethaninadults. 127. Trioza urticae (Linnaeus, 1758) [Figs. 127.1–127.4] Löw, 1888: Kranjska(asKrain)andPrimorska(asKüstenland) Janežič, 1989:Padna(UL93),Kojsko(UL99),Cerovo(UL89),Vipolže(UL89),Kanal(UM90), Ročinj(UM90),Kobarid(UM92),Kobarid(UM92),Vanganelskadolina(VL04), Kozina (VL15), Lipica (VL15), Ajdovščina (VL17), Vipava (VL17), Rakitovec (VL23), Senožeče (VL26), Podgrad (VL34), Veliko Brdo (VL34), Godovič (VL38), Vrhnika (VL48), Cerknica (VL57), Rakitna (VL58), Ljubljana, Rožna dolina (VL59), Nova vas na Blokah (VL66), Velike Lašče (VL77), Kočevje(VL85), Tolmin (VM02), Planica (VM04), Planina pod Golico (VM24), Žiri (VM30), Bled (VM33), Mošnje (VM33), Vintgar (VM33), Jesenice (VM34), Naklo(VM42),Medvode(VM50),TopolpriMedvodah(VM50),Kranj(VM51), Preddvor (VM52), 15.6.1990; Loka pri Mengšu (VM61), Prevalje (VM95), Novomesto (WL17), Šmarješke Toplice (WL17), Kostanjevica na Krki (WL37), Leskovec pri Krškem (WL38), Brežice (WL48), Velenje (WM03), Dravograd (WM05), Slovenj Gradec (WM05), Vinska Gora (WM13), Muta (WM16), Vitanje (WM23), Ribnica na Pohorju (WM25), Selnica ob Dravi (WM35),Kozje (WM40), Šmarje pri Jelšah (WM41), Maribor (WM45), Radvanje pri Mariboru (WM45), Miklavž na Dravskem polju (WM55), Podlehnik (WM63),Ptuj (WM64), Borl (WM73), Videm ob Ščavnici (WM75), Ormož (WM83), Murska Sobota (WM86), Tišina (WM86), Grad v Prekmurju (WM88), Središče SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 (WM93), Jeruzalem pri Ljutomeru (WM94), Vinski vrh pri Ormožu (WM94), Beltinci(WM96),Rakičan(WM96),Sebeborci(WM97),Hotiza(XM05),Hodoš (XM08),Hodoš(XM08),Lendava(XM15); Seljak, 2006:Panovec(UL98),13.09.2000;NovaGorica(UL99),14.12.1998;Paljevo(UL99), 20.09.2003; Banjšice (UL99), 18.07.2004; Breginj, 550m (UM72), 22.08.2003; Pl. Na Klinu, 900m (UM72), 22.08.2003; Podočela (UM83), 16.09.2002; Krn, 1100m (UM92), 05.07.2003; Lepena, 700m (UM92), 22.08.2003; Na Skali (UM93) [GSPC, S. Brelih leg.]; Hruševica (VL07), 28.04.2002; Matenja vas (VL36), 05.10.2004; Laniše (VL38), 12.05.2002; Bistra (VL48), 16.06.2004; Snežnik, 1560m (VL54), 21.07.2002 [GSPC]; Bevke (VL59), 14.07.2001;Trebnje (VL98), 10.07.2004; Most na Soči (VM01), 16.08.2003; Želin (VM10), 25.06.2003; Spodnje Bukovo (VM11), 11.03.2001 [GSPC]; Zavode (WL37),10.07.2004;Žadovinek(WL38),10.07.2004;GornjePijavško(WL39),01.05.2003 [GSPC]; Jareninski dol (WM56), 25.07.2004; Mestni vrh pri Ptuju (WM64), 22.07.2003; Strezetina (WM84), 20.06.2003; Strezetina (WM84), 22.07.2003; Litmerk (WM84), 15.08.2004; Mali Brebrovnik (WM94), 22.07.2003; Čentiba (XM15), 27.07.2004; New records:Sečovlje – Pišine (UL93), 21.08.2019; Lucija (UL94), 22.10.2010; Starod, 670m (VL33), 7. 02. 2019; Podgrad, 550m (VL34), 7.02.2019; Senožeče (VL26), 16.7.2011;Vremščica,850m(VL26),16.7.2011;Zavino(VL17),8.8.2007;Bizjaki (VL08), 14.7.2006; Kromberk (UL99), 31.10.2011; Bate (UM90), 18.5.2013; Nemci,880m(VL09),13.6.2015;Avče,160m(UM90),24.5.2018;Lazna,970m (VL09),7.12.2016; Mala Lazna (VL09), 1.8.2010 and 9.5.2015; Kolovrat,1060m (UM91),15.11.2018[GSPC];KobariškiStol,1300(UM82),8.9.2013;Robič,250m (UM82),13.8.2008;LogpodMangartom,620m(UM93),12.7.2008;Mangartska planina (UM94), 15.7.2006; Mrzli Log, 800m (VL28), 27.6.2015 and 16.5.2017; Vodice,930m(VL28),25.7.2018;Hrušica,880m(VL37),11.7.2007and21.4.2017; Planinsko polje, 450m (VL47), 31.8.2008; Snežnik, 1600m (VL54), 27.7.2017; Kozarišče, 575m (VL56), 16.8.2018; Zakraj (Bloška planota), 750m (VL67), 17.7.2017; Draga (Ig) (VL68), 19.5.2017; Osilnica (VL74), 20.7.2013; Grčarice (VL85),21.7.2013;Čukla,770m(VM01),20.6.2014;Zatolmin(VM01),3.7.2008; Zadnja Trenta, 970m (VM03), 28.7.2007; Zadnja Trenta (VM04), 30.5.2018; Vršič, 1400, 1620m (VM04), 15.8.2012 and 12.4.2011; Bukovski vrh, 820m (VM11), 26.02.2019; Grahovo ob Bači (VM11), 4.6.2017; Grant, 700m (VM11), 12.6.2010; Rut, 1200m (VM11), 12.6.2010; Labinje, 660m (VM21), 1.11.2015; Podlanišče (VM20), 1.5.2007; Cimprovka, 1180, 1250m (VM21), 26.6.2010 and 23.10.2012; Črni vrh nad Cerknem, 1270m (VM21), 5.8.2007; Blegoš, 1400m (VM31),6.9.2008;Porezen,1330,1600m(VM21),3.7.2010and27.5.2017;Davča, 1050m(VM21),21.6.2008;Lajnar,1500m(VM22),23.10.2012;Soriškaplanina, 1300m (VM22), 3.7.2008; Bukovščica (VM41), 8.7.2006; Podcerkev, 640m (VL56), 17.05.2019; Ljubljana – Rakova jelša, 300m (VL69), 19.02.2019 [Figs. 127.3–127.4];Kranjskagora,840m(VM04),27.7.2008;Zgornje Jezersko,890m (VM63), 15.8.2007; Olševa (VM74), 20.7.1974 [PMSL, B. Sket leg.]; Koprivna (VM84),21.7.1974[PMSL,B.Sketleg.];Topla(VM84),21.7.1974[PMSL,B.Sket leg.];Straškagora,300m(WL06),31.5.2007;Sečjeselo,170m(WL13),3.6.2007;Marindol (WL23), 3.6.2007; Šmartno na Pohorju (WM44), 8.7.1986 [PMSL, B. Sket leg.]; Pohorski dvor (WM45), 24.3.2015; Selo pri Prosenjakovcih, 260m (WM97),4.2.2016. Host plant: Urtica dioica (Urticaceae)[Fig. 127.2]. Biology: Multivoltine, with up to four generations a year; overwintering as adults on conifers;causingstrongcurlingofleaves(Ossiannilsson,1992). 128. Trioza velutina Foerster, 1848 [Figs. 128.1–128.4] Seljak, 2006: Socerb(VL14),30.05.2004;Črnotiče(VL14),30.05.2004;Orlek,345m(VL05), 19.06.2005; Lokvica, 215m (UL97), 08.05.2005 [GSPC]; Ajševica (UL98), 22.04.2004;NovaGorica(UL99),11.04.2004[GSPC]and18.06.2005;Podsabotin (UL99), 19.05.2004; Kromberk (UL99), 04.06.2004; Črniške Ravne (VL08), 03.07.2004;Pripeči(VL09),12.07.2002[GSPC]and02.05.2004;Nanos,1040m (VL27), 16.07.2004; Godovič (VL38), 10.05.2002 [GSPC]; Hrušica (VL38), 30.05.2002[GSPC];Labinje800m(VM21),23.08.2004. New records:Zazid,420m(VL13),19.05.2018;Petrinjskikras(VL14),27.04.2008;DolnjeLežeče (VL25),13.05.2017;Dolenjavas,560m(VL26), 19.05.2018;Cerje,260m(UL98), 07.05.2006[GSPC]and5.06.2014;Grgar(UL99),30.04.2017[GSPC]and22.04.2018 [Figs. 128.3–128.4];Kromberk(UL99),4.03.2017;GoloBrdo(UM80),20.05.2016; Branik (VL07), 10.06.2008, 21.04.2016 and 25.05.2014; Razguri, 560m (VL17), 23.09.2017; Osek, 120m (VL08), 20.04.2008; Lokve, 920m (VL09), 19.07.2009; Gradišče pri Vipavi – Mlake (VL17), 13.06.2018; Podnanos (VL17), 5.07.2014; Hrušica(VL28),15.05.2012;Vodice,930m(VL28),25.07.2018;Podcerkev,640m (VL56), 17.05.2019; Unec, 540m (VL47), 31.08.2008; Dol pri Borovnici (VL48), 9.07.2017; Borovška gora, 1000m (VL74), 20.07.2013; Lokovec, 830m (VM00), 10.05.2014; Poljubin (VM01), 27.04.2007; Mangart, 2050m (UM94), 15.07.2006 and 3.07.2018; Zadnja Trenta, 970m (VM03), 28.07.2007 [GSPC]; Zadnja Trenta (VM04), 30.05.2018 [GSPC]; Podlanišče, 700m (VM20), 1.05.2007; Labinje, 900m (VM21), 18.08.2012; Cimprovka, 1250m (VM21), 24.06.2006 [GSPC]; ZgornjeJezersko,890m(VM63),15.08.2007; . Host plants: Galium spp. (Rubiaceae) [Fig. 128.2]; adults and eggs found together on G. lucidum and G. verum. Biology: Poorlyknown,becauseitwasoftenconfusedwithT. galii inthepast(Burckhardt et Lauterer,2006);probablybivoltine. 129. Trioza viridula (Zetterstedt 1828) [Figs. 129.1] Flor, 1861b: Ljubljana(asLaibach) Host plant: Cirsium heterophyllum (Asteraceae)(Ossiannilsson,1992); Remark: ThestatusofthisspeciesinSloveniaremainsuncertain.TheonlyrecordbyFlor (1861b) is very old and could not have been verified. According to the available data, T. viridula is distributed in North Europe, hence its occurrencein Slovenia is not very likely. In addition,the host plant, C. heterophyllum, is extremely rare in Slovenia and only known from three isolated localities (Jogan et al. 2001). Flor’s(1861b)recordfromLjubljanamostlikelyrefersto T. cirsii (seeno107). SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 Discussion and conclusions In this account, the current knowledge on the psyllid fauna of Slovenia is summarized. The list of psyllid species recorded from Slovenia comprises 129 species: Aphalaridae – 18, Calophyidae – 1, Homotomidae – 1, Liviidae – 12 , Psyllidae – 50, and Triozidae – 46 species. Eighteen species recorded in Slovenia are listed here for the first time. The occurrence of 125 species could be confirmed during this study. The historical records of three species from Slovenia, viz. Cacopsylla parvipennis (Gräffe, 1911), Bactericera perrisii (Löw, 1888) and Trioza viridula (Flor,1861b),aredoubtful. Recordsof Trioza kiefferi by Janežič (1989)asthe causal agent of galls on leaves of Rhamnus alpinus subsp. fallax have proved to be erroneous and regard the eriophyid mite Calepitrimerus rhamni Petanović et Boczek, 1990 (Acari, Eriophyidae). So far, only the western part of the country has been investigated systematically by the present author. Phytogeographically, this area comprises the whole sub-Mediterranean and Dinaric regions and the western Alpine (Julian Alps) and western pre-Alpine regions. The central, southern and eastern parts of Slovenia were only visited occasionally and remain largely unexplored. Most records from these latter areas were provided by Janežič (1989) and concerngall-inducingpsyllidspeciesonly. Despite such an uneven coverage of the territory, it seems that this overview offers a rela­tively complete picture on the species composition of the psyllid fauna of Slovenia. Compared with the psyllid faunas of adjacent regions, Friuli-Venezia Giulia in Italy (83 species; Conci et al.,1993and1996)andCarinthiainAustria(82species;Burckhardtetal.,1999),thenumber of species recorded in Slovenia is significantly higher (Table 1). While the lists of species from Slovenia and Friuli-Venezia Giulia are almost completely consistent, the difference in speciescompositionbetweenSloveniaandCarinthiaisslightlylarger.SometypicallyAlpineor boreo-montanespecies,suchasCyamophila prohaskai, Psylla betulae and Cacopsylla myrtilli, aremissingfromtheSlovenianlist. Severalofthesespeciesarelikelytooccurathigheraltitudes alsoinSlovenia,buthavenotbeenfoundsofar. Table 1: ComparisonofpsyllidfaunaofSloveniawiththeadjacentregionsinItalyandAustria Agonoscena succincta + - - Agonoscena targionii + - - Aphalara avicularis + - - Aphalara borealis - + + Aphalara calthae + + + Aphalara exilis - - + Aphalara freji + + - Aphalara longicaudata + + + Aphalara polygoni + + + Aphalara sauteri + + - Colposcenia traciana + - - Species Slovenia Friuli-Ven. Giulia (Italy)(Conci et al., 1993 et 1996) Carinthia (Austria)(Burckhardt et al., 1999) Craspedolepta bulgarica + - - Craspedolepta carinthica - - + Craspedolepta conspersa + - - Craspedolepta flavipennis + + + Craspedolepta malachitica + - - Craspedolepta nebulosa + - - Craspedolepta nervosa + + + Megagonoscena gallicola + - - Rhinocola aceris + + + Calophya rhois ++ ­ Homotoma ficus ++ ­ Camarotoscena speciosa ++ + Camarotoscena subrubescens ++ -Livilla radiata + -+ Diaphorina chobauti + - - Euphyllura olivina + + - Euphyllura phillyreae + + - Livia junci + + + Psyllopsis discrepans + - + Psyllopsis distinguenda + - - Psyllopsis fraxini + + + Psyllopsis fraxinicola + + + Psyllopsis meliphila + + + Strophingia ericae + + + Acizzia acaciaebaileyanae transitional - - Acizzia jamatonica + - - Arytaina genistae + - - Arytainilla spartiophila + - - Baeopelma colorata + + + Baeopelma foersteri + + + Cacopsylla affinis + + - Cacopsylla albipes + + + Cacopsylla ambigua + + + Cacopsylla bidens + - - Species Slovenia Friuli-Ven. Giulia (Italy)(Conci et al., 1993 et 1996) Carinthia (Austria)(Burckhardt et al., 1999) SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 Cacopsylla breviantennata + + + Cacopsylla brunneipennis + + - Cacopsylla corcontum + - - Cacopsylla crataegi + + + Cacopsylla elegantula + - - Cacopsylla fulguralis + - - Cacopsylla intermedia + + - Cacopsylla hippophaes - - + Cacopsylla iteophila + - + Cacopsylla mali + + + Cacopsylla melanoneura + + + Cacopsylla myrthi + - - Cacopsylla myrtilli - - + Cacopsylla nigrita + + + Cacopsylla parvipennis ? - - Cacopsylla peregrina + + + Cacopsylla picta + - - Cacopsylla pruni + + + Cacopsylla pulchella + + - Cacopsylla pulchra + + - Cacopsylla pyri + + - Cacopsylla pyricola + + + Cacopsylla pyrisuga + + + Cacopsylla rhamnicola + - + Cacopsylla rhododendri - + + Cacopsylla saliceti + + + Cacopsylla sorbi + + + Cacopsylla ulmi + - + Cacopsylla viburni + - + Cacopsylla visci + - - Cacopsylla zetterstedti - - + Chamaepsylla hartigii + - + Cyamophila prohaskai - - + Livilla horvathi + + - Livilla spectabilis ++ - Livilla ulicis ++ + Livilla variegata ++ ­Livilla vicina ++ + Species Slovenia Friuli-Ven. Giulia (Italy)(Conci et al., 1993 et 1996) Carinthia (Austria)(Burckhardt et al., 1999) Livilla vittipennella + + + Psylla alni + + + Psylla alpina + + + Psylla betulae - - + Psylla buxi + + - Psylla fusca + + + Bactericera acutipennis --+ Bactericera albiventris ++ + Bactericera bohemica + -+ Bactericera bucegica --+ Bactericera crithmi ++ - Bactericera curvatinervis ++ + Bactericera femoralis ++ + Bactericera harrisoni ++ + Bactericera kratochvili + -- Bactericera lyrata + -- Bactericera modesta ++ + Bactericera nigricornis + + + Bactericera parastriola + + - Bactericera perrisii ? + - Bactericera salicivora - - + Bactericera striola ++ + Bactericera substriola --+ Bactericera trigonica + + - Phylloplecta trisignata + + - Trichochermes walkeri + + + Trioza abdominalis ++ + Trioza achilleae --+ Trioza agrophila --+ Trioza alacris ++ - Trioza anthrisci ++ - Trioza apicalis ++ + Trioza centranthi ++ + Trioza cerastii + -+ Trioza chenopodii ++ ­ SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 Species Slovenia Friuli-Ven. Giulia (Italy)(Conci et al., 1993 et 1996) Carinthia (Austria)(Burckhardt et al., 1999) Trioza chrysanthemi + -- Trioza cirsii + -- Trioza dispar - + + Trioza flavipennis + - + Trioza flixiana + - - Trioza foersteri + -+ Trioza galii ++ + Trioza ilicina + -- Trioza laserpitii + + - Trioza megacerca + - - Trioza munda + - + Trioza portulacoides + - - Trioza proxima + + + Trioza remota + + + Trioza rhamni ++ + Trioza rotundata ++ - Trioza rumicis -+ - Trioza saxifragae + -- Trioza schrankii ++ + Trioza scottii ++ + Trioza senecionis + -+ Trioza soniae + -- Trioza tatrensis -++ Trioza urticae ++ + Trioza velutina + -- Since all psyllids are phytophagous insects, their occurrence and distribution should depend on the distribution of their host plants. However, in psyllids this is completely true only for species that spend their entire life on their hostplants. For species in which adults migrate to shelter plants for overwintering, the distribution picture can be slightly distorted, if also collecting data from shelter plants are considered. For instance, Cacopsylla pulchella is a Mediterranean species that develops on Cercis siliquastrum in warmer places in Slovenia, whileadultspecimensmayoverwinterinalpinespruceforestsatrelativelyhighaltitudes(even over 1,000m) and several dozens of kilometres away from where the host plant can grow (see no72). Inthisaccount,suchrecordsareincludedandmappedaswell. An altitudinal distribution of psyllid species is summarised below. Psyllids have been collectedinSloveniafromthesealevelalongtheAdriaticseashoreupto2,100monMtMangart. Rhodochlanis bicolor, Bactericera crithmi and Trioza portulacoides are strictly associated with halophilic vegetation, the first species with Suaeda maritima, the second with Crithmum maritimum andthethirdwithAtriplex portulacoides,andonlyoccuralongtheAdriaticseashore. ThereareseveraltypicallyMediterraneanspeciesthatpredominantlyorexclusivelyoccurin thesub-MediterraneanphytogeographicalregionofSloveniaandmanyofthemreachthenorth­ernmostedge oftheir natural distributionrangethere. Suchspecies are Agonoscena succincta, A. targionii, Colposcenia traciana, Megagonoscena gallicola, Calophya rhois, Homotoma ficus, Camarotoscena subrubescens, Diaphorina chobauti, Euphyllura olivina, E. phillyreae, Cacopsylla myrthi, C. pulchella, Livilla spectabilis, Spanioneura fonscolombii, Phylloplecta trisignata, Trioza alacris, Trioza centranthi and T. ilicina. In contrast, there are several orophilous species associated with host plants restricted to upper montane and sub-Alpine zones. In the Slovene fauna, they are represented by Aphalara longicaudata, A. sauteri, Livilla vicina, Psylla alpina, Cacopsylla corcontum, C. nigrita, Bactericera bohemica, B. femoralis, B. harrisoni, B. parastriola, Trioza flixiana, T. munda and T. saxifragae.Thesespecieshavebeencollectedexclusivelyorpredominantlyataltitudesabove 1,000m; T. saxifragae onlyabove2,000m. Otherspeciesaremainlydistributedinplanartosub-montanezones. Manyofthemoccurin highnumbersandarewidespreadalloverSlovenia.Suchspeciesincludee.g.Rhinocola aceris, Psyllopsis fraxini, P. fraxinicola, Baeopelma foersteri, Psylla alni, Cacopsylla ambigua, C. breviantennata, C. brunneipennis, C. crataegi, C. melanoneura, C. picta, C. pulchra, C. pruni, C. pyri, C. pyrisuga, C. sorbi, Bactericera albiventris, Trioza remota and T. urticae. Three species have been introduced or have spread into Slovenia only recently: Acizzia jamatonica, A. acaciaebaileyanae and Cacopsylla fulguralis. However, several addition­al species may also be considered as alien in Slovenia, as they are associated with the host plants introduced or spread into Slovenia a very long time ago. They include Homotoma ficus, Colposcenia traciana, Euphyllura olivina, Spanioneura fonscolombii, Psylla buxi, Cacopsylla pulchella, C. myrthi and Trioza alacris. Somepsyllidspecieshavebeengainingincreasingeconomicimportanceduetotheirability totransmitpathogenicmicroorganismsthatcauseseriousdiseasesonsomecultivatedplants.In Slovenia, the following species are becoming or maybecomeof special economic importance: Cacopsylla picta and C. melanoneura asvectors of Candidatus Phytoplasma mali, Cacopsylla pyri and C. pyricola asvectorsofCandidatus Phytoplasmapyri,Cacopsylla pruni asavectorof Candidatus Phytoplasmaprunorum,andTrioza apicalis and Bactericera trigonica asvectorsof Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum. Direct damage caused by feeding have been recorded in Cacopsylla pyri in pear plantations, Trioza apicalis on carrots, Euphyllura olivina on olive trees and Acizzia jamatonica on Albizia julbrissin incityparks. TheauthorisperfectlyawarethatthisaccountonthepsyllidsofSlovenia,althoughthemost comprehensive so far, is still incomplete due to the uneven exploration of the territory and a few unresolved taxonomic questions. Additional fieldwork focused on psyllids is needed espe­cially in central and eastern parts of Slovenia and in the upper montane and subalpine zones. TheunresolvedtaxonomicquestionsconcernparticularlytheBactericera striola speciesgroup and the status of distinct colour morphs of Cacopsylla ambigua, both associated with Salix spp. They can be probably solved by using additional methods, like molecular and vibrational analyses. SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 Acknowledgements IamparticularlygratefultoMgr. IgorMalenovský,Ph.D.,MasarykUniversity,Brno,Czech Republic, for his help with manuscript critical reading and editing, invaluable hints, identifi­cation confirmations and supply of literature. My thanks also go to the late Dr. Pavel Lauterer, Moravian Museum, Brno, Czech Republic, for introducing me into the fascinating world of psyllids and to PD Dr. Daniel Burckhardt, Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, Switzerland, for allhis papers on psyllids. Specialthanksgo to BorisKryštufek, Ph.D., Headof Department of Vertebrate Zoology at the Slovenian Museum of Natural History, Ljubljana, who accepted and enabled publishing of this work to such an extent, as well as for many useful instructions and hintsduringthepreparationofthemanuscript. 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Appendix Ruta divaricata Fig. 1.3: Agonoscena succincta – adult;bodysize1.3–1.6mm Sl. 1.3: Agonoscena succincta – imago;n. v. 1,3–1,6mm Fig. 1.4: Agonoscena succincta – aneggandnymphsofvarious instars Sl. 1.4: Agonoscena succincta – jajčeceinnimferazličnih razvojnihstopenj Fig. 2.1: Agonoscena targionii –recordeddistributioninSlovenia Fig. 2.2: Pistacia terebinthus (photo:M. Skok) Sl. 2.1: Agonoscena targionii –znanarazširjenostvSloveniji Sl. 2.2: Terebint Sl. 3.3: Aphalara avicularis; samica;n. v. 2,2–2,9mm Fig. 3.4: Aphalara avicularis – male;bodysize2.2–2.6mm Sl. 3.4: Aphalara avicularis – samec;n. v. 2,2–2,6mm – Fig. 4.3: Aphalara calthae – female;bodysize3.0–3.5mm Sl. 4.3: Aphalara calthae –samica; n. v. 3,0–3,5mm SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 Sl. 8.3: Aphalara sauteri –samica; n. v. 2,5–2,9mm n. v. 2,3–2,6mm Fig. 8.4: Aphalara sauteri –male; bodysize:2.3–2.6mm Sl. 8.4: Aphalara sauteri –samec; – – – SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 Fig. 16.3: Megagonoscena gallicola –male; bodysize2.0–2.2mm Sl. 16.3: Megagonoscena gallicola –samec; n. v. 2,0–2,2mm Fig. 16.4: Megagonoscena gallicola – stronglycurledleavesof P.terbinthus inhabitedbynymphs Sl. 16.4: Megagonoscena gallicola –močno zviti listi terebinta naseljeni z nimfami – Sl. 18.3: Rhodochlanis bicolor – samica;n. v. 1,9–2,2mm Fig. 18.4: Rhodochlanis bicolor – male;bodysize1.8–2.0mm Sl. 18.4: Rhodochlanis bicolor – samec;n. v. 1,8–2,0mm – Fig. 19.3: Calophya rhois –female;bodysize1.7–1.9mm Sl. 19.3: Calophya rhois –samica;n. v. 1,7–1,9mm – Sl. 20.4 Homotoma ficus –samec; n. v. 4,4–5,0mm Sl. 20.5: Homotoma ficus –nimfe peterazvojnestopnje;n. v. ~2,5 mm Sl. 20.6: Homotoma ficus – prezimujočajajčecasoodloženav pazduhahbrstov – Fig. 21.3: Camarotoscena speciosa –female (dorsalview) Sl. 21.3: Camarotoscena speciosa –samica (hrbtnastran) Fig. 21.4: Camarotoscena speciosa –female; bodysize2.0–2.5mm Sl. 21.4: Camarotoscena speciosa –samica; n. v. 2,0–2,5mm Fig. 22.3: Camarotoscena subrubescens – female;bodysize2.2–2.5mm Sl. 22.3: Camarotoscena subrubescens – samica;n. v. 2,2–2,5mm Fig. 22.4: Camarotoscena subrubescens – mating Sl. 22.4: Camarotoscena subrubescens – parjenje – Fig. 23.2: Convolvulus cantabrica Sl. 23.2: Primorski slak adult;bodysize2.2–2.5mm Sl. 23.3: Diaphorina chobauti imago;n. v. 2,2–2,5mm Fig. 23.4: Diaphorina chobauti – adult(dorsalview) Sl. 23.4: Diaphorina chobauti – imago(hrbtnastran) Sl. 23.5: Diaphorina chobauti –nimfe Fig. 23.6: Diaphorina chobauti –eggs Sl. 23.6: Diaphorina chobauti –jajčeca SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 Sl. 24.3: Euphyllura olivina – imago;n. v. 2,1–2,6mm Fig. 24.4: Euphyllura olivina – nymphsinanoliveinflorescence coveredwithdensewaxy excretions(photo:M. Jančar) Sl. 24.4: Euphyllura olivina – nimfevsocvetjuoljkepokrite z gostimi vatastimi voskastimi izločki – Sl. 26.3: Livia junci –samica;n. v. 2,7–3,4mm Fig. 26.4: Livia junci –male;body size2.4–2.9mm Sl. 26.4: Livia junci –samec;n. v. 2,4–2,9mm – Fig. 27.2: Fraxinus angustifolius Sl. 27.2: Ozkolistni jesen Sl. 27.3: Psyllopsis discrepans – samica;n. v. 3,3–3,8mm Fig. 27.4: Psyllopsis discrepans – male;bodysize2.9–3.2mm Sl. 27.4: Psyllopsis discrepans – samec;n. v. 2,9–3,2mm – Sl. 30.3: Psyllopsis fraxinicola – samica;n. v. 3,2–3,7mm Fig. 30.4: Psyllopsis fraxinicola – male;bodysize2.9–3.2mm Sl. 30.4: Psyllopsis fraxinicola – samec;n. v. 2,9–3,2mm – Fig. 31.2: Fraxinus ornus Sl. 31.2: Mali jesen Sl. 31.3: Psyllopsis meliphila – samica;n. v. 2,7–3,1mm Fig. 31.4: Psyllopsis meliphila – male;bodysize2.3–2.7mm Sl. 31.4: Psyllopsis meliphila – samec;n. v. 2,3–2,7mm SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 Sl. 32.3: Strophingia ericae – imago;n. v. 1,2–1,9mm Fig. 32.4: Strophingia ericae – adultsfeedingonleavesof Calluna vulgaris Sl. 32.4: Strophingia ericae – odrasli osebki sesajo na jesenski vresi – Sl. 34.3: Acizzia jamatonica – prezimujočasamica;n. v. 2,4–2,7 mm Fig. 34.4: Acizzia jamatonica – summermale;bodysize 2.2–2.4 mm Sl. 34.4: Acizzia jamatonica – poletnisamec;n. v. 2,2–2,4mm Fig. 34.5: Acizzia jamatonica – autumnfifthinstarnymph Sl. 34.5: Acizzia jamatonica – jesenskanimfapeterazvojne stopnje – Fig. 36.3: Arytainilla spartiophila –female; bodysize2.9–3.2mm Fig. 36.4: Arytainilla spartiophila –male; bodysize2.5–2.8mm Sl. 36.4: Arytainilla spartiophila – samec;n. v. 2,5–2,8mm Fig. 36.5: Arytainilla spartiophila –fifth instarnymph Sl. 36.5: Arytainilla spartiophila – nimfapeterazvojnestopnje Sl. 37.3: Baeopelma colorata – samica;n. v. 3,3–3,9mm Fig. 37.4: Baeopelma colorata – fifthinstarnymph Sl. 37.4: Baeopelma colorata – nimfapeterazvojnestopnje – Fig. 38.2: Alnus glutinosa Sl. 38.2: Črnajelša Sl. 38.3: Baeopelma foersteri – samica;n. v. 4,6–4,9mm Fig. 38.4: Baeopelma foersteri – dentatefemaleproctiger Sl. 38.4: Baeopelma foersteri – nazobčansamičinproktiger Sl. 39.3: Cacopsylla affinis – samec;n. v. 2,6–3,0mm – Fig. 40.2: Sorbus domestica Sl. 40.2: Skorš Sl. 40.3: Cacopsylla albipes – samica;n. v. 3,0–3,6mm Fig. 40.4: Cacopsylla albipes – male;bodysize2.8–3.2mm Sl. 40.4: Cacopsylla albipes – samec;n. v. 2,8–3,2mm Sl. 40.5: Cacopsylla albipes – nimfapeterazvojnestopnje S.domestica causedbyimmatures of C. albipes Sl. 40.6: Ličinkebolšice C. albipes povzročajokodranjeskorševih listov SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 Sl. 41.3: Cacopsylla ambigua – različekzozkolistnihvrstvrb;n. v. 3,0–3,5mm Fig. 41.4: Cacopsylla ambigua – morphfromabroad-leavedsallow Sl. 41.4: Cacopsylla ambigua – različeksširokolistnihvrstvrb Sl. 42.3: Cacopsylla bidens – samica;n. v. 2,7–3,3mm Fig. 42.4: Cacopsylla bidens – male;bodysize2.2–2.9mm Sl. 42.4: Cacopsylla bidens – samec;n. v. 2,2–2,9mm SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 Fig. 43.3: Cacopsylla breviantennata – female;bodysize2.4–2.8mm Sl. 43.3: Cacopsylla breviantennata – samica;n. v. 2,4–2,8mm Sl. 43.4: Cacopsylla breviantennata –nimfapeterazvojnestopnje;desno –zodstranjenimpajčevinastim opredkom Fig. 44.3: Cacopsylla brunneipennis – female;bodysize3.4–3.9mm Sl. 44.3: Cacopsylla brunneipennis – samica;n. v. 3,4–3,9mm Fig. 44.4: Cacopsylla brunneipennis –male; bodysize3.3–3.6mm Sl. 44.4: Cacopsylla brunneipennis – samec;n. v. 3,3–3,6mm – Sl. 46.3: Cacopsylla crataegi – samica;n. v. 3,6–4,0mm Fig. 46.4: Cacopsylla crataegi – male;bodysize3.4–3.8mm Sl. 46.4: Cacopsylla crataegi – samec;n. v. 3,4–3,8mm – Fig. 48.2: Elaeagnus × submacrophylla Sl. 48.3: Cacopsylla fulguralis – parjenje;n. v. +3,2mm,>3,0mm Fig. 48.4: Cacopsylla fulguralis – fifthinstarnymph Sl. 48.4: Cacopsylla fulguralis – nimfapeterazvojnestopnje – Sl. 49.2: Rdečavrba Sl. 49.1: Cacopsylla intermedia –razširjenostvSlovenijipoLöw-u(1888) Sl. 50.3: Cacopsylla iteophila – samica;n. v. 3,3mm Fig. 50.4: Cacopsylla iteophila – male;bodysize3.1mm Sl. 50.4: Cacopsylla iteophila – samec;n. v. 3,1mm Fig. 50.5: Cacopsylla iteophila – malerightparamereinlatralview (innerface) Sl. 50.5: Cacopsylla iteophila – samčevadesnaparameraodstrani (notranjastran) Fig. 51.1: Cacopsylla mali –recordeddistributioninSlovenia Fig. 51.2: Malus domestica Sl. 51.1: Cacopsylla mali –znanarazširjenostvSloveniji Sl. 51.2: Jablana Sl. 52.1: Cacopsylla melanoneura –znanarazširjenostvSloveniji Sl. 52.2: Jablana in glog – Fig. 52.4: Cacopsylla melanoneura –male; bodysize2.5–3.1mm Sl. 52.4: Cacopsylla melanoneura –samec; n. v. 2,5–3,1mm Fig. 52.5: Cacopsylla melanoneura –eggs Sl. 52.5: Cacopsylla melanoneura –jajčeca Fig. 52.6: Cacopsylla melanoneura –fifth instarnymph Sl. 52.6: Cacopsylla melanoneura –nimfa peterazvojnestopnje Sl. 53.3: Cacopsylla myrthi – samica;n. v. 2,8mm Fig. 53.4: Cacopsylla myrthi – male;bodysize2.5mm Sl. 53.4: Cacopsylla myrthi – samec;n. v. 2,5mm – Fig. 54.2: Salix appendiculata Sl. 54.2: Velikolistna vrba Sl. 54.3: Cacopsylla nigrita – samica;n. v. 3,1–3,6mm Fig. 54.4: Cacopsylla nigrita – male;bodysize2.9–3.4mm Sl. 54.4: Cacopsylla nigrita – samec;n. v. 2,9–3,4mm Sl. 56.3: Cacopsylla peregrina – samica;n. v. 3,1–3,6mm Fig. 56.4: Cacopsylla peregrina – male;bodysize2.8–3.5mm Sl. 56.4: Cacopsylla peregrina – samec;n. v. 2,8–3,5mm – Fig. 57.3: Cacopsylla picta –female,a darkcolouredoverwintering re-immigrantspecimen;bodysize 3.1–3.4 mm Sl. 57.3: Cacopsylla picta –samica;temno obarvanprezimujočiosebek;n. v. 3,1–3,4mm Sl. 57.4: Cacopsylla picta – samica;zelenpoletniosebek – Fig. 58.3: Cacopsylla pruni –female (overwinteringre-immigrant specimen);bodysize2.6–2.9mm Fig. 58.4: Cacopsylla pruni – female(summerspecimen) Sl. 58.4: Cacopsylla pruni – samica(poletniosebek) Sl. 59.3: Cacopsylla pulchella – samica;n. v. 2,8–3,1mm Fig. 59.4: Cacopsylla pulchella – male;bodysize2.6–2.9mmand eggs Sl. 59.4: Cacopsylla pulchella – samec;bodysize2,6–2,9mmin jajčeca – Sl. 60.3: Cacopsylla pulchra – samica;n. v. 3,2–3,6mm Fig. 60.4: Cacopsylla pulchra – male;bodysize2.9–3.3mm Sl. 60.4: Cacopsylla pulchra – samec;n. v. 2,9–3,3mm Fig. 60.5: Cacopsylla pulchra – eggsdepositedonfemalewillow catkins Sl. 60.5: Cacopsylla pulchra – jajčecaodloženanaženskomačico vrbe – Sl. 61.3: Cacopsylla pyri –samica; n. v. 2,9–3,4mm n. v. 2,6–3,4mm Fig. 61.4: Cacopsylla pyri –male; bodysize2.6–3.4mm Sl. 61.4: Cacopsylla pyri –samec; Sl. 61.5: Cacopsylla pyri –nimfa peterazvojnestopnje Sl. 62.3: Cacopsylla pyricola – samica(prezimujočirod);n. v. 2,7–3,3mm – Sl. 62.4: Cacopsylla pyricola – samica(poletnirod);n. v. 2,2–2,9 mm Fig. 62.5: Cacopsylla pyricola – male(overwinteringgeneration); bodysize2.1–2.9mm Sl. 62.5: Cacopsylla pyricola – samec(prezimujočirod);n. v. 2,1–2,9mm Fig. 62.6: Cacopsylla notata – female;bodysize2.0–2.5mm. Locality:Baderna(Croatia) Sl. 62.6: Cacopsylla notata – samica;n. v. 2,0–2,5mm. Lokaliteta:Baderna(Hrvaška) Sl. 63.3: Cacopsylla pyrisuga – samica;n. v. 3,8–4,2mm Fig. 63.4: Cacopsylla pyrisuga – male;bodysize3.5–4.0mm Sl. 63.4: Cacopsylla pyrisuga – samec;n. v. 3,5–4,0mm – Fig. 63.5: Cacopsylla pyrisuga –eggs Sl. 63.5: Cacopsylla pyrisuga –jajčeca Sl. 63.6: Cacopsylla pyrisuga – nimfepeterazvojnestopnje Fig. 64.3: Cacopsylla rhamnicola –female; bodysize3.7–4.3mm Fig. 64.4: Cacopsylla rhamnicola –female (dorsalview) Sl. 64.4: Cacopsylla rhamnicola – samica(hrbtnastran) – Fig. 65.2: Salix appendiculata Sl. 65.2: Velikolistna vrba Sl. 65.3: Cacopsylla saliceti – samica;n. v. 3,2–3,7mm Fig. 65.4: Cacopsylla saliceti – male;bodysize3.0–3.5mm Sl. 65.4: Cacopsylla saliceti – samec;n. v. 3,0–3,5mm Sl. 66.3: Cacopsylla sorbi – samica;n. v. 3,5–3,9mm Fig. 66.4: Cacopsylla sorbi –male; bodysize3.0–3.7mm Sl. 66.4: Cacopsylla sorbi –samec; n. v. 3,0–3,7mm – Sl. 68.3: Cacopsylla viburni – samica;n. v. 4,4–4,8mm Fig. 68.4: Cacopsylla viburni – male;bodysize4.2–4.6mm Sl. 68.4: Cacopsylla viburni – samec;n. v. 4,2–4,6mm – Sl. 69.3: Cacopsylla visci –samec; n. v. 3,6mm Fig. 69.4: Cacopsylla visci (dorsal view) Sl. 69.4: Cacopsylla visci (hrbtna stran) Sl. 70.3: Chamaepsylla hartigii – samica;n. v. 2,8–3,4mm Fig. 70.4: Chamaepsylla hartigii – male;bodysize2.7–3.0mm Sl. 70.4: Chamaepsylla hartigii – samec;n. v. 2,7–3,0mm – Sl. 72.1: Livilla radiata –znanarazširjenostvSloveniji Sl. 72.2: Navadna kozja detelja – Sl. 74.3: Livilla ulicis –samica;n. v. 2,6–3,0mm Fig. 74.4: Livilla ulicis –male; bodysize2.3–2.7mm Sl. 74.4: Livilla ulicis –samec;n. v. 2,3–2,7mm – Sl. 75.3: Livilla variegata – samica;n. v. 3,7–4,3mm Fig. 75.4: Livilla variegata –male; bodysize3.5–3.8mm Sl. 75.4: Livilla variegata –samec; n. v. 3,5–3,8mm Sl. 76.3: Livilla vicina –samica odlagajajčeca;n. v. 3,1–3,5mm Fig. 76.4: Livilla vicina –male; bodysize2.8–3.2mm Sl. 76.4: Livilla vicina –samec;n. v. 2,8–3,2mm – Fig. 78.2: Ashootof Alnus glutinosa infestedby immaturesof P. alni Fig. 78.3: Psylla alni – fifthinstar nymph Sl. 78.3: Psylla alni – nimfapete razvojnestopnje Fig. 78.4: Psylla alni – fifthinstar nymphfrombehind Sl. 78.4: Psylla alni – nimfapete razvojnestopnjeodzadaj – Sl. 79.3: Psylla alpina –samica;n. v. 4,0–4,2mm Fig. 79.4: Psylla alpina –male; bodysize3.7–3.8mm Sl. 79.4: Psylla alpina –samec;n. v. 3,7–3,8mm SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 Sl. 80.3: Psylla buxi –samica;n. v. 3,6–4,3mm Fig. 80.4: Psylla buxi –fifthinstar nymph Sl. 80.4: Psylla buxi –nimfapete razvojnestopnje Sl. 81.3: Psylla fusca –samica;n. v. 4,4–5,4mm Fig. 81.4: Psylla fusca –male; bodysize4.3–4.8mm Sl. 81.4: Psylla fusca –samec;n. v. 4,3–4,8mm SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 Fig. 82.3: Spanioneura fonscolombii – female;bodysize3.3mm Sl. 82.3: Spanioneura fonscolombii – samica;n. v. 3,3mm Fig. 82.4: Spanioneura fonscolombii –male; bodysize ~2.7mm Sl. 82.4: Spanioneura fonscolombii – samec;n. v. ~2,7mm Sl. 83.3: Bactericera albiventris – samica;n. v. 3,4–3,7mm Fig. 83.4: Bactericera albiventris – female(dorsalview) Sl. 83.4: Bactericera albiventris – samica(hrbtnastran) – Sl. 85.3: Bactericera crithmi – samica;n. v. 3,1mm Fig. 85.4: Bactericera crithmi – male;bodysize3.0mm Sl. 85.4: Bactericera crithmi – samec;n. v. 3,0mm Fig. 85.5: Bactericera crithmi – eggonaverylongpedicel Sl. 85.5: Bactericera crithmi – jajčecenazelodolgempeclju Fig. 85.6: Bactericera crithmi – fifthinstarnymph Sl. 85.6: Bactericera crithmi – nimfapeterazvojnestopnje Fig. 86.3: Bactericera curvatinervis – female;bodysize3.3–3.9mm Sl. 86.3: Bactericera curvatinervis – samica;n. v. 3,3–3,9mm Fig. 86.4: Bactericera curvatinervis –male; bodysize3.1–3.5mm Sl. 86.4: Bactericera curvatinervis –samec; n. v. 3,1–3,5mm – Fig. 87.2: Alchemilla sp Sl. 87.2: Plahtica Sl. 87.3: Bactericera femoralis – samica;n. v. 3,2–3,7mm Fig. 87.4: Bactericera femoralis – male;bodysize3.0–3.5mm Sl. 87.4: Bactericera femoralis – samec;n. v. 3,0–3,5mm Sl. 87.5: Bactericera femoralis – nimfapeterazvojnestopnje Sl. 88.3: Bactericera harrisoni – samica;n. v. size3,2–3,7mm – Sl. 89.3: Bactericera kratochvili – samica;n. v. 3,0mm Sl. 89.4: Bactericera kratochvili – samica(hrbtnastran) Sl. 90.3: Bactericera lyrata – samica(poletnirod);n. v. 3,1–3,6 mm Fig. 90.4: Bactericera lyrata – male(winteringspecimen);body size2.9–3.2mm Sl. 90.4: Bactericera lyrata – samec(prezimujočirod);n. v. 2,9–3,2mm SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 Sl. 90.7: Bactericera lyrata:A –desnosprednjekrilo;B –samčevgenitalnisegment;C –samičingenitalni segment;D –samčevalevaparamera(pogledodzadaj);E –enako(pogledodstrani);F –aedeagus. (delomapo Seljaketal.,2008) Sl. 91.3: Bactericera modesta – samica;n. v. 3,2–3,7mm Fig. 91.4: Bactericera modesta –mating Sl. 91.4: Bactericera modesta –parjenje Fig. 91.5: Bactericera modesta – fifthinstarnymph Sl. 91.5: Bactericera modesta – nimfapeterazvojnestopnje Fig. 92.3: Bactericera nigricornis –male; bodysize2.9–3.2mm Fig. 93.3: Bactericera parastriola –male; bodysize3.3mm – Sl. 96.3: Bactericera trigonica – samica;n. v. 2.6mm Fig. 96.4: Bactericera trigonica –egg Sl. 96.4: Bactericera trigonica –jajčece – Fig. 97.2: Rubus ulmifolius Sl. 97.2: Brestovolistna robida Sl. 97.3: Phylloplecta trisignata – samica;n. v. 4,0mm Fig. 97.4: Phylloplecta trisignata – fifthinstarnymphs Sl. 97.4: Phylloplecta trisignata – nimfepeterazvojnestopnje Fig. 98.2: Trichochermes walkeri –agallon aleafof Rhamnus cathartica Fig. 98.3: Trichochermes walkeri – female;bodysize4.4–4.6mm Sl. 98.3: Trichochermes walkeri – samica;n. v. 4,4–4,6mm Fig. 98.4: Trichochermes walkeri – male;bodysize3.9–4.5mm Sl. 98.4: Trichochermes walkeri – samec;n. v. 3,9–4,5mm – Sl. 100.2: Laurus nobilis –moška rastlina Sl. 100.3: Trioza alacris –list lovorjasšiškoznimfnimilevki Sl. 100.4: Trioza alacris –samica; n. v. 3,4–4,0mm Fig. 100.5: Trioza alacris –male; bodysize3.1–3.9mm Sl. 100.5: Trioza alacris –samec; n. v. 3,1–3,9mm Fig. 100.6: Trioza alacris –fifth instarnymph Sl. 100.6: Trioza alacris –nimfa peterazvojnestopnje – Sl. 101.3: Trioza anthrisci – prezimujočasamica;n. v. 2,8–3,1 mm Fig. 101.4: Trioza anthrisci – freshsummerfemale;bodysize 2.8–3.1 mm Sl. 101.4: Trioza anthrisci –mlada polentasamica;n. v. 2,8–3,1mm – Fig. 103.2: Centranthus ruber Sl. 103.2: Navadnardečašpajka Sl. 103.3: Trioza centranthi – samica;n. v. 2,7–3,2mm Fig. 103.4: Trioza centranthi – male;bodysize2.6–2.8mm Sl. 103.4: Trioza centranthi – samec;n. v. 2,6–2,8mm Fig. 103.5: Trioza centranthi – fifthinstarnymph Fig. 103.6: Trioza centranthi –eggs Sl. 103.6: Trioza centranthi –jajčeca Fig. 103.7: Trioza centranthi –a leaf-rollgallon Centranthus ruber Sl. 103.7: Trioza centranthi – šiškastozavihanroblistanavadne rdečešpajke SCOPOLIANo 98 –2020 Sl. 104.3: Trioza cerastii –samica; n. v. 2,7–3,0mm n. v. 2,5–2,8mm Fig. 104.4: Trioza cerastii –male; bodysize2.5–2.8mm Sl. 104.4: Trioza cerastii –samec; Sl. 106.1: Trioza chrysanthemi –znanarazširjenostvSloveniji Sl. 106.2: Ivanjščica – Sl. 107.3: Trioza cirsii –samica;n. v. 2,8–3,1mm Fig. 107.4: Trioza cirsii –male; bodysize2.7–3.0mm Sl. 107.4: Trioza cirsii –samec;n. v. 2,7–3,0mm Aegopodium podagraria Sl. 108.1: Trioza flavipennis –znanarazširjenostvSloveniji Sl. 108.2: Navadnaregačica Fig.108.3: Trioza flavipennis – female;bodysize2.7–3.1mm Sl.108.3: Trioza flavipennis – samica;n. v. 2,7–3,1mm – Fig.110.3: Trioza foersteri –male; bodysize2.4–2.6mm Sl.110.3: Trioza foersteri –samec; n. v. 2,4–2,6mm Fig.110.4: Trioza foersteri –fifth instarnymphs Sl.110.4: Trioza foersteri –nimfe peterazvojnestopnje Fig.110.5: Trioza foersteri –eggs inpit-gallsonthelowerleaf-sideof A.foetida Sl.110.5: Trioza foersteri –jajčeca odloženavjamičastešiškena spodnjistranilistanavadne smrdljivke Fig.110.6: Trioza foersteri – pit-gallsonaleafof A. foetida inducedbyegg-layingfemales Sl.110.6: Trioza foersteri –šiške na listu navadne smrdljivke, katerihnastaneksprožisamicapri odlaganjujajčec – Sl. 112.1: Trioza ilicina –znanarazširjenostvSloveniji Sl. 112.2: Črničevje Sl. 112.3: Trioza ilicina –nimfa peterazvojnestopnje Fig. 112.4: Trioza ilicina –pit-galls onaleafof Quercus ilex inhabited bynymphs Sl. 112.4: Trioza ilicina –šiške nalistučrničevjaznaseljenimi nimfami – Sl. 113.2: Kranjskakozjačešnja Sl. 113.3: Šiške na zgornji strain lista kranjske kozje češnje,kijihpovzročapršica Calipitrimerus rhamni Fig. 113.4: Calipitrimerus rhamni –gallson theuppersideofleaves(detail) Sl. 113.4: Calipitrimerus rhamni – šiškenazgornjistrainlista(izrez) Sl. 114.3: Trioza laserpitii – samica;n. v. 2,8–3,1mm Fig. 114.4: Trioza laserpitii – male;bodysize2.6–2.9mm Sl. 114.4: Trioza laserpitii – samec;n. v. 2,6–2,9mm – Sl. 114.5: Trioza laserpitii –nimfa peterazvojnestopnjeinlevek prejšnjerazvojnestopnje Sl. 115.2: Trioza megacerca – samec;n. v. 2,4–2,7mm Sl. 116.3: Trioza munda –samica; n. v. 3,0–3,4mm Fig. 116.4: Trioza munda –male; bodysize2.9–3.2mm Sl. 116.4: Trioza munda –samec; n. v. 2,9–3,2mm – Fig. 117.2: Atriplex portulacoides Sl. 117.2: Tolščakastaloboda Sl. 117.3: Trioza portulacoides – samica;n. v. 2,5–2,6mm Fig. 117.4: Trioza portulacoides – male;bodysize2.3–2.5mm Sl. 117.4: Trioza portulacoides – samec;n. v. 2,3–2,5mm – Sl. 119.3: Trioza remota –samica; n. v. 3,6–4,0mm n. v. 3,3–3,6mm Fig. 119.4: Trioza remota –male; bodysize3.3–3.6mm Sl. 119.4: Trioza remota –samec; Sl. 120.3: Trioza rhamni –samica; n. v. 2,9–3,7mm Fig. 120.4: Trioza rhamni –male; bodysize2.8–3.3mm Sl. 120.4: Trioza rhamni –samec; n. v. 2,8–3,3mm – Sl. 120.5: Trioza rhamni –šiške nalistučistilnekozječešnje, katerihnastaneksprožisamicapri odlaganjujajčec Sl. 121.3: Trioza rotundata – samica;n. v. 2,5–3,2mm Sl. 121.4: Trioza rotundata – samec;n. v. 2,4–3,0mm Sl. 122.3: Trioza saxifragae – samica;n. v. 2,3–2,6mm – Sl. 123.3: Trioza schrankii – samica;n. v. 2,7–3,1mm Fig. 123.4: Trioza schrankii –mating Sl. 123.4: Trioza schrankii –parjenje Sl. 124.3: Trioza scottii –nimfe peteindrugerazvojnestopnje Fig. 124.4: Trioza scottii –second andfourthinstarnymphs Sl. 124.4: Trioza scottii –nimfe drugeinčetrterazvojnestopnje Fig. 124.5: Trioza scottii –pit-galls inducedbyegg-layingfemaleson leavesof Berberis vulgaris Sl. 124.5: Trioza scottii –šiškena listučešmina,katerihnastanek povzročasamicapriodlaganju jajčec Fig. 124.6: Trioza scottii –right paramere(posteriorview;orig.) Sl. 124.6: Trioza scottii –desna paramera(pogledodzadaj;orig.) Sl. 125.3: Trioza senecionis – samica;n. v. 2,8–3,2mm Fig. 125.4: Trioza senecionis – male;bodysize3.2–3.4mm Sl. 125.4: Trioza senecionis – samec;n. v. 3,2–3,4mm Fig. 125.5: Trioza senecionis – fifthinstarnymphs Sl. 125.5: Trioza senecionis – nimfi peterazvojnestopnje Sl. 126.3: Trioza soniae –samica; n. v. 3,5–4,1mm Sl. 126.4: Trioza soniae –samec; n. v. 3,3–3,7mm Fig. 126.5: Trioza soniae –fifth instarnymph Sl. 126.5: Trioza soniae –nimfa peterazvojnestopnje Fig. 126.6: Trioza soniae – pit-gallsinducedbyegg-laying femaleonaleafof Quercus cerris Sl. 126.6: Trioza soniae –šiške nalistucera,katerihnastanek povzročasamicapriodlaganju jajčec – Sl. 127.3: Trioza urticae –samica; n. v. 3,3–3,5mm n. v. 3.0–3.4mm Fig. 127.4: Trioza urticae –male; bodysize3.0–3.4mm Sl. 127.4: Trioza urticae –samec; Sl. 128.3: Trioza velutina – samica;n. v. 2,4–2,8mm Fig. 128.4: Trioza velutina –eggs Sl. 128.4: Trioza velutina –jajčeci –