352 KB49 KB200420252017Hladnik, Matjažštevilka:1letnik:109str. 135-146ISSN:1581-9175COBISSID:17888089URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-YPWAA74VenBiotehniška fakultetaActa agriculturae Slovenicaace genalternativne metodebiološko varstvometode varstva rastlinorganski fosforjevi estrirezistentni alelispinosadA review of plant protection against the olive fly (Bactrocera oleae (Rossi, 1790) Gmelin) and molecular methods to monitor the insecticide resistance alleles|Olive fly (Bactrocera oleae (Rossi, 1790) Gmelin) is one of the most important olive pests worldwide. Most plant protection measures are based on insecticides, especially organophosphates, pyrethroids, and recently a spinosad. Insecticides are used as cover sprays or in more environmentally friendly methods in which insecticides are used in combination with attractants and pheromones as bait sprays or for mass trapping. However, due to negative impacts of insecticides to environment, new plant protection methods are constantly developing with the aim to lower the consumption of insecticides or even to eliminate them by biological control with entomopathogenic organisms, sterile insect technique (SIT), or transgenic method RIDL (release of insects carrying a dominant lethal). However, these methods need to be improved in order to guarantee adequate protection. Alternative methods than those traditionally used are required due to long term usage causing the development of resistance to the insecticides, ultimately lowering their effectiveness. Molecular methods for monitoring the frequencies of resistant alleles and the current status of resistance alleles in olive growing countries are reviewed hereOljčna muha (Bactrocera oleae) je eden najpomembnejših svetovno razširjenih škodljivcev oljke. Večina varstvenih ukrepov temelji na insekticidih, predvsem na organskih fosforjevih estrih, piretroidih in nedavno uvedenem spinosadu. Insekticide se lahko nanese po celotni krošnji. Drugi, okolju prijaznejši način, vključuje uporabo insekticida v kombinaciji z atraktanti in feromoni. Tak pripravek se lahko nanese na del krošnje in deluje kot zastrupljena vaba, ali pa se ga uporabi pri metodi masovnega lovljenja. Zaradi negativnih vplivov insekticidov na okolje se nenehno razvija nove metode varstva, s ciljem zmanjšati porabo insekticidov ali jih celo izločiti. Sem sodijo biološko varstvo z entomopatogeni organizmi, tehnika sterilnih insektov (SIT) ali transgena metoda RIDL (izpust insektov z dominantnimi letalnimi geni). Za doseganje učinkovite zaščite bi bilo omenjene alternativne metode potrebno izboljšati. Alternativne metode so nujne zaradi odpornosti na insekticide, ki se pojavi ob daljši uporabi insekticidov in zmanjšuje njihovo učinkovitost. V okviru članka je bil opravljen pregled molekularnih metod za spremljanje prisotnosti alelov, odgovornih za razvoj odpornosti na insekticide ter pregled stanja prisotnosti rezistentnih alelov v državah, kjer pridelujejo oljkeTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaUniverza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta