311 KB86 KB200920262009Cirman, AndrejaDomadenik Muren, PolonaKoman, MatjažRedek, Tjašaštevilka:1letnik:11str. 29-54ISSN:1580-0466COBISSID:18487014URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-WI2G43B4enEkonomska fakultetaEconomic and business reviewekonomski razvojglobalizacijaglobalno ogrevanjeklimatske spremembeKyotski protokolmednarodni sporazumipreprečevanjetoplogredni pliniThe Kyoto protocol in a global perspective|The global climate has changed notably since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gasses (GHG) have increased dramatically followed by an increase in global average temperature. In order to avoid negative potential outcomes of global warming, countries have adopted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change that has so far been ratified by 192 countries. In 1997 the Kyoto Protocol, a binding GHG reduction plan, was adopted and entered into force in 2005. But several countries, including the USA, have had doubts about the potential negative consequences of the planned 5% global joint reduction of GHG. However, studies generally show that on a macroeconomic levelČ (1) welfare loss in terms of GDP and lost growth in EU is lowč (2) it differs among economies; and (3) permit trading and permit price (in either global or regional markets) is highly correlated with the welfare loss. The main objective of the paper is to describe the attitudes and responses to the Kyoto Protocol from a global perspective. The paper has three objectives. First, to provide an overview of global greenhouse gas emissions and the big drivers behind these emissions. Second, to present where different countries, both developed and less developed countries, such as India, China and the countries of South-east Europe currently stand as regards their efforts to achieve the Kyoto Protocol requirements. Third, to analyse the responses and attitudes to the Kyoto Protocol from a country development perspectiveGlobalno podnebje se je od začetka industrijske revolucije korenito spremenilo. Atmosferske koncentracije toplogrednih plinov (TGP) so se dramatično povečale in temu je sledil porast globalne povprečne temperature. Da bi se izognile mogočim negativnim posledicam globalnega segrevanja so države sprejele Konvencijo Združenih narodov o spremembi podnebja, ki jo je dosedaj ratificiralo 192 držav. Leta 1997 je bil sprejet Kjotski protokol, zavezujoči načrt zmanjšanja toplogrednih plinov, ki je stopil v veljavo v letu 2005. Vendar so imele številne države, med njimi ZDA, pomisleke glede možnih negativnih posledic načrtovanega 5-odstotnega skupnega znižanja TGP v svetovnem merilu. Vendar pa raziskave na makroekonomskem nivoju v glavnem kažejo: (1) da je izguba blaginje v smislu BDP in izgubljene rasti v EU nizka; (2) da se med gospodarstvi razlikuje; ter (3) da sta trgovanje z dovoljenji in cena dovoljenj (bodisi na globalnih ali regionalnih trgih) pomembno povezana z izgubo blaginje. Glavni namen članka je z globalne perspektive razčleniti odnose do Kjotskega protokola ter odzive nanj. Članek ima tri cilje. Prvič, ponuditi pregled globalnih izpustov toplogrednih plinov ter njihovih glavnih dejavnikov. Drugič, prikazati trenutno stanje v različnih državah, tako razvitih kot tudi nerazvitih, npr. Indiji, Kitajski in državah JV Evrope, glede njihovih prizadevanj za doseganje zahtev Kjotskega protokola. Tretjič, analizirati odzive in odnose do Kjotskega protokola s perspektive razvoja državeTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaUniverza v Ljubljani, Ekonomska fakulteta