134 KB32 KB199420252003Kompan, Lidijaštevilka:3letnik:42str. 287-296ISSN:0025-8121COBISSID:17453785URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-WHT0ENFKslMedicinski razglediMedicinski razgledibolnikiCritical IllnessEnergetska presnovaEnergy MetabolismEnteral NutritionEnteralna prehranafoodIntensive Care UnitsIntenzivna oskrba, enoteintenzivna terapijaIntubacija gastrointestinalnaIntubation, GastrointestinalKritična bolezenNutrition AssessmentNutritional StatusParenteral NutritionParenteralna prehranaprehranaPrehranjenost, ocenaPrehranjenost, stanjePrehrana kritično bolnih| Nutrition of the critically ill|Malnutrition presents a major problem in several patients treated in intensivecare unit (ICU). Extreme body reserve exhaustion influence s morbidity and mortality and prolongs hospital stay. Therefore nutrition of thecritically ill isn't only support, but preferential mode of treatment. In seventies of the last century hyperalimentation was recommended for such patients. Nevertheless, it turned out to be wrong, as metabolic support does not stop the catabolism. Principles of modern nutritional support in ICU are: start nutrition as soon as possible following admission to ICU, enteral nutrition is the prefered access. In practice give 20 to 35 kcal/kg/day in 40 to 50 percent carbohydrate and lipid mixture, glucose < 5 g/kg/day, lipid 0.5 do 1.5 g/kg/day, protein between 1.2 in 1.5 g/kg/day. Maintenance of normoglycemia is of upmost importancePodhranjenost je velik problem pri mnogih bolnikih v času zdravljenja v intenzivni enoti (IE). Hudo izčrpanje telesnih zalog vpliva na obolevnost in smrtnost ter podaljša zdravljenje. Zato je prehrana kritično bolnih ne le podporna, ampak prednostna oblika zdravljenja. V sedemdesetih letih prejšnjegastoletja so priporočali hiperalimentacijo takih bolnikov, a se je izkazala za zmotno, saj z metabolno podporo pretiranega katabolizma ni mogoče ustaviti. Principi hranjenja v IE danes so: če je le možno, hraniti čim prej po sprejemu v IE, prednost ima enteralni pristop. V praksi dajemo 20-35 kcal/kg/dan v 40- do 50-odstotni mešanici ogljikovih hidratov in maščob, glukoze < 5 g/kg/dan, maščobe 0,5 do 1,5 g/kg/dan, beljakovin med 1,2 in 1,5 g/kg/dan. Izjemno pomembno je vzdrževanje normoglikemijeTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaDruštvo Medicinski razgledi