478 KB52 KB201020252018Mohorko, NinaSimič, Vesnaštevilka:1letnik:9str. 15-34COBISSID:1541210564ISSN:2232-2620URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-WHOG10RIenZnanstveno-raziskovalno središče Koper, Annales ZRSAnnales kinesiologiae (Koper)mladi športnikiplavalciplavanjeprehranapriporočilazdravjezmogljivostNutritional strategies of Slovenian national junior swimming team|Purpose: The purpose of our study was to assess the nutritional strategies of Slovenian national junior swimming team and compare them with recommendations of clinical sports nutrition. Competitive young swimmers, namely, have increased energy and nutrient needs compared to general adolescents due to frequent and intense training. Despite some physiological differences if compared with adults, adult sports nutrition recommendations for macronutrients apply to them. Further, literature reports iron, calcium, and vitamin D intake as frequently inadequate. Methods: Nutritional strategies of 19 members of Slovenian national junior swimming team were assessed retrospectively through 3-day food and activity diaries, questionnaires, anthropometric data including bioimpedance analysis. Energy availability (EA), macronutrient intake and timing, iron, calcium and vitamin D intakes, hydration, consumption of sports food and dietary supplement use were evaluated. Results: EA in some of male swimmers and in the majority of female swimmers was lower than recommended. Carbohydrate intake was adequate in male swimmers and two thirds of female swimmers. Although average protein intake exceeded the upper recommended limit, some female swimmers did not meet the lower recommended intake limit. Total fat intake was lower than recommended, with saturated fat intake on the upper recommended level. Calcium and iron intake in male swimmers exceeded recommended values, while female swimmers had lower calcium intake than recommended and some had lower iron intake, too. Vitamin D intake was low in all swimmers. Meal timing was adequate in the majority of swimmers, who often reached for dietary supplements, mostly omega 3 fatty acids, multivitamins and magnesium. Conclusions: Low EA in young competitive swimmers is of concern. More successful, personalised nutrition strategies for young competitive swimmers, focusing on higher energy intake and healthy food choices, would contribute to the preservation of their health and further development into top performersNamen: Namen naše raziskave je bil ugotoviti ustreznost uporabljenih prehranskih strategij plavalcev slovenske kadetske in mladinske reprezentance v primerjavi z veljavnimi priporočili klinične športne prehrane. Mladi plavalci, ki tekmujejo, imajo v primerjavi z ostalimi najstniki zaradi pogostih in intenzivnih treningov povečane energijske in prehranske potrebe. Kljub očitnim fiziološkim razlikam, ki jih ločijo od odraslih, veljajo zanje priporočila za vnos makrohranil za odrasle športnike. Med mikrohranili literatura navaja, da so vnosi železa, kalcija in vitamina D pogosto nezadostni. Metode: Prehranske strategije 19 plavalcev slovenske kadetske in mladinske reprezentance smo retrospektivno ocenili na osnovi 3-dnevnih prehranskih in aktivnostnih dnevnikov, vprašalnika ter podatkov antropometričnih meritev, vključno z bioimpedančno analizo. Ugotavljali smo energijsko razpoložljivost (ER), vnos in časovno razporejanje makrohranil, vnose železa, kalcija in vitamina D, hidracijo, uporabo športne prehrane in prehranskih dopolnil. Rezultati: ER je bila pri nekaterih moških plavalcih in pri večini plavalk prenizka. Vnosi ogljikovih hidratov so bili primerni pri plavalcih in dveh tretjinah plavalk. Kljub temu, da je ugotovljeni povprečni vnos beljakovin presegal zgornjo priporočeno mejo, nekatere plavalke niso dosegale spodnje priporočene meje. Celokupni vnosi maščob so bili nižji od priporočenih, vnosi nasičenih maščob pa na zgornji meji. Vnos kalcija in železa je pri plavalcih presegal priporočene vrednosti, pri plavalkah pa je bil vnos kalcija in pri nekaterih tudi vnos železa pod priporočeno mejo. Ritem obrokov je bil pri večini ustrezen. Plavalci in plavalke so pogosto uživali prehranska dopolnila, najpogosteje maščobne kisline omega-3, multivitamine in magnezij. Zaključek: Nizka ER pri mladih plavalcih, ki tekmujejo, je zaskrbljujoča. Bolj uspešne individualne prehranske strategije za mlade plavalce, ki bi se osredotočale na višji energijski vnos in zdravo prehrano, bi prispevale k varovanju njihovega zdravja in razvoju v vrhunske športnikeTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaZnanstveno-raziskovalno središče Koper