364 KB45 KB199220252023Kreft, IvanaStefanova, Valentinaštevilka:letn. 32str. 52-59DOI:10.20419/2023.32.573COBISSID_HOST:146449923ISSN:2350-5141URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-VVESIMHTslDruštvo psihologov SlovenijePsihološka obzorja (Ljubljana)behavior problemsčustvene težaveemotional disturbancesencopresisenkoprezaenuresisenurezakonstipacijapsihoterapijapsychotherapytoaletni treningtoilet trainingvedenjske težaveMotnje izločanja pri otrocih in mladostnikih| Elimination disorder in children and adolescents| psihološka obravnava z vedenjsko-kognitivnim pristopom| psychological treatment with behavioral and cognitive approach|According to research the most appropriate time to begin toilet training is after child’s second birthday when he reaches control of pelvis floor and anal sphincter. However, a child has to first master certain skills which he will need for toilet training and that each child masters in its own time. That is also the reason why medical classifications define elimination disorder after 4th and 5th year of age. In international classification system DSM 5 elimination disorders are identified in two categories: enuresis and encopresis (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). When there are negative influences of enuresis or encopresis present children are usually referred to psychologists or after difficulties are revealed during a regular developmental examination. Overview of literature shows that behavioral therapy is one of the most effective treatments and some specific techniques will be presented in this articleRaziskave kažejo, da je primeren čas za začetek toaletnega treninga po 2. letu, saj takrat otroci dosežejo nadzor nad mišicami medeničnega dna in analnega sfinktra, vendar pa mora otrok prej osvojiti določene veščine, ki jih bo potreboval za toaletni trening. Te otroci dosežejo vsak ob svojem času. Zato klasifikacije opredelijo motnje izločanja šele po 4. oziroma 5. letu. Motnje izločanja so v mednarodni klasifikaciji DSM 5 opredeljene v dveh kategorijah: enureza in enkopreza (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). V psihološki praksi se z motnjami izločanja srečamo v okviru sistematskih pregledov ali pa so otroci napoteni zaradi negativnega vpliva, ki ga imajo motnje izločanja na otrokov socialni in čustveni razvoj. Pregled literature kaže, da je med najbolj učinkovitimi načini obravnave motenj izločanja vedenjska terapija oziroma izbrane tehnike, ki jih bomo v prispevku tudi predstaviliTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaDruštvo psihologov Slovenije