758 KB18 KB200820262014Podobnik, Tomažštevilka:5letnik:61str. 173-181ISSN:0473-7466COBISSID:17196633URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-U29X9V95slDruštvo matematikov, fizikov in astronomov SlovenijeObzornik za matematiko in fizikofizika osnovnih delcevstandardni modelšibka silaveliki hadronski trkalnikzgradba atomovHiggsov bozon|The Standard Model is a theory of the electroweak and strong interactions, mediating the dynamics of the known subatomic particles. According to the Model, the mediators ?$W^+$?, ?$W^-$? and ?$Z^0$? of the weak interactions gain mass by the mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking - by interaction with the Higgs field. The mechanism can be illustrated by simple allegories. Apart from explaining the mass of ?$W^\pm$? and ?$Z^0$?, the hypothesis of spontaneous symmetry breaking predicts existence of a condensate of the Higgs field, the so-called Higgs boson. In 2012, the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider at the European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN reported independently that they found a new particle with properties as expected for the Higgs boson. This is a strong evidence for the hypothesis of spontaneous symmetry breaking, and two of its authors, François Englert and Peter Higgs, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2013Standardni model elektrošibke in močne interakcije je trenutno veljavna fizikalna teorija mikroskopskega sveta. V okviru modela imajo posredniki šibke interakcije (sile) - delci ?$W^+$?, ?$W^-$? in ?$Z^0$? - maso zaradi spontanega zloma simetrije. Mehanizem spontanega zloma lahko ponazorimo s preprostimi prispodobami iz makroskopskega sveta. Poleg tega, da mehanizem razloži maso posrednikov šibke sile, napoveduje tudi obstoj dodatnega delca - Higgsovega bozona. Delec z lastnostmi, ki se dobro ujemajo z napovedanimi lastnostmi Higgsovega bozona, sta leta 2012 neodvisno odkrili mednarodni skupini ATLAS in CMS v Evropski organizaciji za jedrske raziskave CERN, s čimer sta potrdili hipotezo o spontanem zlomu simetrije kot izvoru mase. Dva izmed avtorjev hipoteze, François Englert in Peter Higgs, sta lani prejela Nobelovo nagrado za fizikoTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaDruštvo matematikov, fizikov in astronomov