494 KB0 KB200920252019Gabrič, Ajdaštevilka:1letnik:11str. 173-190ISSN:1855-8453COBISSID:70846818URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-RU2TKAEUdeZnanstvena založba Filozofske fakulteteVestnik za tuje jezikeanaliza napakjezikovni tečajinapake (jezik)nemščinatuji jezikiAnalyse der Fehler in Texten der Deutschlernenden auf der Anfängerstufe|The paper analyses the typical errors and mistakes in texts (homework and exams) written by adults whose first language is Slovene and who are learning German at a beginner level. The theoretical part describes the concept of a mistake in the framework of language education, the classification of mistakes according to the language levels from the orthography to the pragmatics, and the most common causes of mistakes in the process of language acquisition; the concept of interference is explained in this part. This is followed by a classification and description of mistakes from the collected corpus of 40 texts. The results of the analysis show that learners make the most mistakes on the levels of orthography and morphology. The most problematic are the capitalization of nouns and the correct spelling on the level of orthography, and the gender and case of nouns as well as the conjugation of verbs on the level of morphology. Mistakes caused by the incorrect use of prepositions and the lack of definite and indefinite articles are also relatively common. The incorrect use of vocabulary shows the influence of Slovene as the first language and English as the foreign language already known to the students. The most important causes of mistakes are the intralingual and interlingual interferences, as well as the lack of knowledge of the rules in the foreign language. In the last part of the paper, some exercises are described that are intended to help learners avoid common mistakes, and emphasis is put on the awareness of one's own mistakesPrispevek analizira tipične napake v pisnih izdelkih (domačih in izpitnih nalogah) odraslih, katerih prvi jezik je slovenščina in ki obiskujejo tečaj nemščine na začetni stopnji. V teoretičnem delu so orisani pojem napake v okviru poučevanja tujih jezikov, klasifikacija napak po jezikovnih ravninah od pravopisa do pragmatike in tipični vzroki za napake pri učenju tujega jezika, pri čemer je izpostavljen pojem interference. Temu sledita klasifikacija in opis napak iz zbranega korpusa 40 besedil. Rezultati analize pokažejo, da učenci največ napak pri pisanju delajo na ravni pravopisa in oblikoslovja. Pri pravopisu izstopata pisanje samostalnikov z veliko začetnico in pravilno črkovanje besed, pri oblikoslovju pa spol in sklon samostalnikov ter spreganje glagolov. Relativno pogoste so tudi napake v zvezi z rabo neustreznih predlogov in neuporabo določnih in nedoločnih členov. V napačni rabi leksike se kažeta vpliva slovenščine kot prvega in angleščine kot tujega jezika, ki ju učenci že poznajo. Glavni vzroki za napake so znotrajjezikovna in medjezikovna interferenca ter nepoznavanje pravil v tujem jeziku. V zadnjem delu prispevka je opisanih nekaj vaj, ki naj bi učencem pomagale pri izogibanju tipičnih napak; poudarek je na ozaveščanju in iskanju lastnih napakTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaZnanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete