180 KB39 KB194 KB38 KB200720262026Krašovec, Primožštevilka:1letnik:20str. 9-22DOI:10.4312/ars.20.1.9-22ISSN:1854-9632COBISSID_HOST:284788483URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-QF067318enZaložba Univerze v LjubljaniArs et humanitasfenomenotehnikajezikjezikoslovjelanguagelarge language modelslinguisticsphenomenotechniquesimbolna kulturastructuralismstrukturalizemsymbolic cultureveliki jezikovni modeliLarge language models as phenomenotechniques for linguistics|With the help of Bachelard’s concept of phenomenotechnique – meaning an artificial, technological set-up that forces a certain part of reality to reveal itself in a way that can be scientifically observed – this paper tries to theorize large language models (LLMs) as a kind of “epistemological mirrors” that make symbolic language (as a foundation of culture) observable in an unprecedented way. Consequently, LLMs have (besides their known and attested commercial value) immense epistemological value for the humanities since they allow for an alterna-tive way of studying language learning, generation, and structure that can supplement classic linguistic techniques. LLMs can thus be used to reassess the relevance of exist-ing linguistic theories and update them as well as to start developing new theories of language. The paper develops its thesis through a refutation of a common objection to LLMs – that they have no “true” understanding of language since they possess no relation to the outside world – and by showing that real-world relations are irrelevant for hu-man language as well. Consequently, linguistic theories (such as structuralism) that understood language outside of such a framework are once again relevant for a new understanding of symbolic language and culture that LLMs allowS pomočjo Bachelardovega koncepta fenomenotehnike – ki pomeni umetno, tehnološko postavitev, ki prisili določeni del resničnosti, da se razkrije na način, ki ga je mo-goče znanstveno opazovati – skuša članek teoretsko opredeliti velike jezikovne modele (VJM) kot »epistemološka ogledala«, ki omogočajo, da postane simbolni jezik (kot temelj kulture) dostopen za opazovanje na doslej neznan način. Posledično imajo veliki jezikovni modeli (poleg znane in potrjene komercialne vrednosti) izjemno epistemološko vrednost za humanistiko, saj omogočajo alternativen način preučevanja učenja, izvajanja in strukture jezika, ki lahko dopolni klasične jezikoslovne tehnike. Tako se lahko VJM uporabijo za ponovno oceno ustreznosti ob-stoječih jezikovnih teorij in njihovo posodobitev, pa tudi za razvoj novih teorij jezika. Tezo članka razvijamo z ovržbo pogostega ugovora zoper VJM – da nimajo »resničnega« razumevanja jezika, saj nimajo odnosa do zunanjega sveta – in tako, da pokažemo, da so razmerja do resničnega sveta nepomembna tudi za človeški jezik. Posledično so lingvistične teorije (kot je strukturalizem), ki so jezik razumele zunaj takšnega okvira, ponovno pomembne za novo razumevanje simbolnega jezika in kulture, ki ga omogočajo VJMTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaUniverza v Ljubljani, Filozofska fakulteta