153 KB43 KB201320252021Papež, Marijanletnik:47številka:6/7str. 1021-1035ISSN:0353-6521COBISSID_HOST:81699075URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-OFQUIK0BslLexperaPodjetje in delocenzus za varstveni dodatekguaranteed pensionminimum pensionminimum pension basenajnižja pokojninanajnižja pokojninska osnovasocial assistance paymentssocial correctivesocialni korektivsocialnovarstveni prejemkisupplementary allowance thresholdzagotovljena pokojninaRazmerje med socialnimi pomočmi in pravicami iz pokojninskega in invalidskega zavarovanja|In this article, the author will address relations between social assistance payments and rights under the Compulsory Pension and Disability Insurance Scheme, with special emphasis on social correctives within this scheme. A pension is an economic category, containing elements of solidarity, many of which are included in the Pension and Disability Insurance Scheme and which have increased in number and scope especially through changes introduced by the Pension and Disability Insurance Act (ZPIZ-2). The pension scheme is an insurance-based scheme, and it must remain so. Benefits must therefore be assessed on the basis of the length of membership in the scheme, prior payment of contributions, and rates at which they were paid into the scheme. The introduction of the latest changes, or attempts at them, therefore means moving away from the fundamental principles of the scheme. The social correctives within the Compulsory Pension and Disability Insurance Scheme are: assessment of pension from the Minimum Pension Base (as the most important corrective); Guaranteed Pension; Minimum Pension, Guaranteed Disability Pension Amount; assessment from the Maximum Pension Base; safeguards regarding the assessment of Widow''s/Widower''s, Family and Disability Pensions; and benefits under the Disability Insurance Scheme. The Annual Allowance is also a social corrective, as those who contributed least into the scheme get a higher Annual Allowance. Particularly, some proposals put forward in the National Assembly by the Levica parliamentary group, according to which the rates of Minimum Pension and Guaranteed Pension under the Pension Insurance Scheme should be linked to short-term minimum living expenses and minimum living expenses, both underlying the provision of social assistance payments, are misguided, gravely affecting the existent scheme and undermining it. After 2017, when under ZPIZ-2C, in effect from 1 October 2017, Guaranteed Pension was introduced for old-age and disability pensioners who had completed the so-called full pension-qualifying periods, comparisons began to be drawn to the Supplementary Allowance threshold. Supplementary Allowance used to be a benefit paid under the Compulsory Pension and Disability Insurance Scheme, but has become a social assistance payment under the new social legislation in effect from 1 January 2012. The fact that the Supplementary Allowance threshold, which was EUR 470.76 in 2017, was higher than Old-Age Pension assessed from the Minimum Pension Base based on the so-called full pension-qualifying periods, was unacceptable, led to the introduction of Guaranteed Pension of EUR 500.00. After 2017, the rates of social assistance payments went up considerably more than pension rates, and as a result, the Supplementary Allowance threshold again exceeded the amount of Guaranteed Pension. This has changed with ZPIZ-2I, effective from 1 May 2021, under which Guaranteed Pension is EUR 620.00 and the Supplementary Allowance threshold is EUR 591.20. It must be emphasised that social security policy issues can not be resolved within the Compulsory Pension and Disability Insurance SchemeV prispevku je nakazano razmerje med socialnimi pomočmi in pravicami iz obveznega pokojninskega in invalidskega zavarovanja, predvsem s poudarkom na socialnih korektivih v pokojninskem in invalidskem zavarovanju. Pokojnina je ekonomska kategorija z elementi solidarnosti, ki jih je v sistemu obveznega pokojninskega in invalidskega zavarovanja veliko, z najnovejšimi spremembami ZPIZ-2 vse več in v večjem obsegu. Pokojninski sistem ima in mora ohraniti temelje v zavarovanju, zato morajo biti pravice odmerjene v odvisnosti od obdobja vključenosti, od predhodnega plačila prispevkov ter njihove višine, kar pomeni, da se z najnovejšimi spremembami oziroma poskusi sprememb že oddaljujemo od temeljnih načel sistema. Socialni korektivi v sistemu obveznega pokojninskega in invalidskega zavarovanja so: najpomembnejši je vsekakor odmera pokojnine od najnižje pokojninske osnove, potem sledijo zagotovljena pokojnina, najnižja pokojnina, zagotovljen znesek invalidske pokojnine, tudi odmera od najvišje pokojninske osnove, varovalke pri odmeri vdovske, družinske in invalidske pokojnine ter nadomestil iz invalidskega zavarovanja. Med socialne korektive vsekakor spada tudi letni dodatek, saj večjega dobijo tisti, ki so manj vplačevali v sistem. Predvsem nekateri predlogi amandmajev Levice v Državnem zboru, in sicer vezava višine najnižje pokojnine ter zagotovljene pokojnine v pokojninskem sistemu na institut kratkoročnih minimalnih življenjskih stroškov in minimalnih življenjskih stroškov, ki sta instituta socialnovarstvenih prejemkov, so neprimerni in grobo posegajo v sedanji sistem in ga rušijo. Od leta 2017, ko je bila 1. 10. 2017 z ZPIZ-2C uvedena zagotovljena pokojnina za prejemnike starostne in invalidske pokojnine z doseženo tako imenovano polno pokojninsko dobo, se je začela primerjava s cenzusom za varstveni dodatek, ki je od uveljavitve nove socialne zakonodaje 1. 1. 2012 socialnovarstveni prejemek. Pred tem je bila to pravica v sistemu obveznega pokojninskega in invalidskega zavarovanja. Nesprejemljivo je bilo, da je bil cenzus za varstveni dodatek, ki je v letu 2017 znašal 470,76 evra, višji od starostne pokojnine, odmerjene od najnižje pokojninske osnove za tako imenovano polno pokojninsko dobo. Zato se je uvedla zagotovljena pokojnina v višini 500 evrov. Socialnovarstveni prejemki so se od leta 2017 bistveno bolj povečali kot pokojnine, kar je pomenilo, da je cenzus za varstveni dodatek spet presegel znesek zagotovljene pokojnine, kar je bilo spremenjeno z ZPIZ-2I z veljavnostjo od 1. 5. 2021, ko znaša zagotovljena pokojnina 620 evrov, cenzus za varstveni dodatek pa 591,20 evra. Poudariti je treba, da se v sistemu obveznega pokojninskega in invalidskega zavarovanja ne sme reševati socialnovarstvena politikaTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of Slovenia