27 KB282 KB19 KB199820241999Juvanec, Borutštevilka:11letnik:51str. 345-349ISSN:0024-1067COBISSID:534409URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-MZ1HBR54slZveza društev inženirjev in tehnikov gozdarstva in lesarstva SlovenijeLes (Ljubljana)kaščekletikozolcilastnostilesene konstrukcijeGospodarne konstrukcije v lesu| Economical constructions in wood|Architecture developed from that trade, which assures the human protecting from outer influences: from dead and from live nature. With use of tools he assured himself more resources as he needed for the bare survival - he had theopportunitiy to use his energy somewhere else. The same developed the art. Architecture is something in between art of forming space and technics. Architecture is whole bunch of consumer?s requests, posibillity of nature and of course ability of builder. At that the nature is quite generous, but one must have knowingness and willingness to make good use of it. The most important elements are usage of sun energy, regulation of constant moisture at lower temperatures and regulation of even higher warmth in buildings. HAYRACK is the best example of the first rule: it is located with it?s roof facing perpendicularly to the sun rays. It is located in the direction of the wind blowing where the efficiency of the wind is the greatest. Hayrack is the most clever building (in it?s function), what we received from our grandfathers. CELLAR is the element of the building, which supports the construction, and at the same time exploitates the lower temeratures of the soil and soil moisteness for keeping it?s contents. GRANARY is composed from stone-made wall or bricked wall cellar and wooden body. It exploites soil for lower temperature and good moistness, and in it?s upper part for warmth of outer space. SELF SUPPORTIVE CONSTRUCTION pooling the characteristics of granary in wood with clever construction, which meaning at the same time circumference and load capacity, and at the same time saves the material, work and in the last phase keeps the nature, quite a lot trees, which would carry the construction and from that reason can stand. Trees keeps the nature eqilibrum, cleans the air and it?s beautiful too. Architecture has three elements: function, construction and decoration. When all of three elements are interweaved the most, when works in it?s fulness, then the architecture is perfect. Today we can regulate the activity. For that we needs enormous quantity of energy. that is very costly. Cheap solutions, which nature offers us, are not cheap, they are for free. One must just see it. And knows how to build in. Our predecesors knows thatArhitektura se je razvila iz tiste obrti, ki je zagotavljala pračloveku varovanje pred zunanjimi vplivi: pred živo in pred mrtvo naravo. Z uporabo orodja si je zagotovil vee sredstev, kot jih je potreboval za golo preživetje - tako je lahko svojo energijo uporabil drugje. Podobno se je razvila tudi umetnost. Arhitektura je nekje vmes, med umetnostjo oblikovanja prostora in med tehniko. Arhitektura je skupek zahtev uporabnika, možnosti narave in seveda zmožnosti graditelja. Narava je pri tem kar radodarna vendar pa jo je treba znati in hoteti izkoristiti. Pri tem so najpomembnejši elementi uporaba sončne energije, uravnavanje stalne vlage pri nižjih temperaturah ter uravnavanje enakomerne višje toplote v objektih. KOZOLEC je najboljši primer uporabe prvega načela: postavljen je 'na poudne' ali 'na sonce', kot pravijo, s strešino, ki je obrnjena čimbolj pravokotno na sončne žarke. Postavljen je 'na veter', v taki smeri, kjer je izkoristek vetra največji. Kozolec je najbolj pametna zgradba (v svojem delovanju), kar smo jih dobili od naših dedov. KLET je element zgradbe, ki konstrukcijo nosi, hkrati pa izrablja nižje temperature tal in njihovo vlago za hranjenje svoje vsebine. KAŠČA, ki je sestavljena iz zidane kleti in iz lesenega telesa, izrablja tla za nižje temperature in za ugodno vlago, v zgornjem delu pa za toploto zunanjega sveta. SAMONOSNA KONSTRUKCIJA kašče združuje lastnosti kašče v lesu s pametno konstrukcijo, ki pomeni hkrati obod in nosilnost, zraven pa prihrani tudi material, delo in v končni fazi ohranja naravo; lepo število dreves, ki bi sicer nosila konstrukcijo, lahko na ta način še vedno stoji. Drevesa tako ohranjajo naravno ravnovesje, izboljšujejo ozračje, pa še lepa so. Arhitektura ima tri elemente: delovanje, konstrukcijo in dekoracijo. Kadar so ti trije elementi najbolj prepleteni, kadar v celoti delujejo, takrat je arhitektura popolna. Danes lahko na umeten način uravnavamo delovanje. Za to potrebujemo ogromne količine energije. To je drago. Cenene rešitve, ki jih ponuja narava sama, pa niso le poceni, so zastonj. Le videti jih je treba. In znati vgraditi. Naši predniki so jih znaliTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaZveza lesarjev Slovenije