345 KB0 KB199220252021Kavcic, Voykoštevilka:letn. 30str. 26-33DOI:10.20419/2021.30.539ISSN:2350-5141COBISSID_HOST:66888707URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-L2S8G92ZslDruštvo psihologov SlovenijePsihološka obzorja (Ljubljana)brain trainingcognitive abilitycognitive processescognitive psychologykognitivna psihologijakognitivni procesikognitivni treningneural prasticitynevroplastičnosttransfertransfer (learning)Uvod v kognitivni trening| Introduction to cognitive training|Over the past few decades, there has been an increased interest in cognitive training and its use. Cognitive or brain training(CT) is defined as guided training in specific tasks, usually structured, with the intention of improving individuals' cognitive abilities while engaging specific cognitive processes, such as attention, memory processes, executive functioning, information processing, or problem solving. This paper presents basic features of CT. A short description of the historical background of CT is given, followed by a description of basic CT parameters as summarized from a meta-analysis published by Lampit et al. (2014). Computerized CT and its advantages are presented as well. The bulk of the paper is dedicated to a discussion of CT effectiveness with emphasis on effectiveness and duration of CT-associated changes and far transfer (i.e., improvement of those cognitive abilities that were not directly engaged during CT training). Neuroplasticity, the presumptive brain underpinning of CT, is introduced. The final conclusion is that there is still a significant need for additional studies that will investigate the different facets of CT, so as to best ensure effective planning and durable outcomes for CT. In addition, there is a need for studies to investigate the best selection of outcome measures for evaluation of CT eff ectiveness to most clearly demonstrate reliable and valid outcomes. The area of CT, combining important fields, including psychology, neuroscience and other related disciplines, has an optimistic future and can contribute importantly to both the individual and societal levelV zadnjih nekaj desetletjih se je izredno povečalo zanimanje za kognitivni trening in njegovo uporabo. Kognitivni trening (KT), ki je pogosto omenjen tudi kot umovadba, možganski trening ipd., opredeljujemo kot vodeno vadbo specifičnih nalog, običajno strukturiranih, z namenom izboljšanja umskih sposobnosti. Posamezniki lahko vadijo različne kognitivne procese, od pozornosti do različnih vrst spomina, izvršilnih sposobnosti, hitrosti procesiranja informacij in reševanja problemov. V tem članku je predstavljenih nekaj temeljnih značilnosti KT. Po kratki predstavitvi zgodovinskega ozadja KT sledi opis osnovnih parametrov KT, povzetih po metaanalizi Lampita idr. (2014). Posebej je predstavljen računalniški KT in njegove prednosti. Večina članka je namenjena razpravi o kriterijih za opredelitev uspešnosti kognitivnih treningov, s poudarkom na trajanju učinkov KT in daljnem transferu, tj. izboljšanju tistih umskih sposobnosti, ki niso bile neposredno vključene v KT. Omenjena je tudi nevroplastičnost kot možganska podlaga KT.Članek zaključuje, da bo potrebnih še veliko študij, ki bodo natančneje preučile vse potrebne lastnosti KT za dober, učinkovit in trajnejši uspeh, kakor tudi študij, ki bodo natančneje preučile izbor izhodnih mer za zanesljivo in veljavno merjenje učinkov KT. Področje KT je kljub vsemu obetavno področje psihologije, nevroznanosti in sorodnih disciplin, ki lahko veliko prispeva posamezniku in družbiTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaDruštvo psihologov Slovenije