219 KB47 KB193820262014Perko, Francštevilka:1letnik:72str. 21-32ISSN:0017-2723COBISSID:3820198URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-KQVU9K60slZveza društev inženirjev in tehnikov gozdarstva in lesarstva SlovenijeGozdarski vestnikbukevCroatian Growthhrastjedilno oljepostranski gozdni proizvodisvinjska pašaželodžirŽelod in žir sta bila pomembna postranska gozdna proizvoda| Acorn and beechnut were important forest by-products|In the past, acorn and beechnut were important forest by-products. When oak and beech were bearing fruits, farmers drove pigs into forests and thus fattened them additionally. Acorn was also ground in acorn flour used for bread; it was also roasted and used as coffee substitute, acorn spirit ŽhrastovecŽ was also made from it. Beechnut was used for pressing quality edible oil. Beechnut contains 20 to 30 percent of fats, the cores even from 30to 40 percent. By pressing we extract up to 80 percent of fats. From 100 kg of beechnut (70 kg of fruits) we become around twelve liters of oil. Authorities encouraged and supported gathering beechnut for edible oil especially in times of war and after-war crises, when purchase of food was limited. After pressing, oilcakes remain; they are good pig and chicken fodder. In small amounts they are also allowed to be used as cattle fodder, however, beechnut oil cakes are not usable for horses. Today, as the interest in ecologically produced foods is increasing, quality edible oil could be produced bearing in mind rich beechnut harvestsV preteklosti sta bila želod in žir pomembna postranska gozdna proizvoda. Ob obrodih hrasta in bukve so kmetje pognali v gozd prašiče in jih dodatno spitali. Želod so mleli tudi v moko ter pekli kruh; prav tako so ga žgali za pripravo nadomestka kave, pa tudi žganje - hrastovec - so delali iz njega. Iz bukovega žira pa so stiskali kakovostno jedilno olje. Bukov žir vsebuje 20 do 30 odstotkov maščob, sama jedrca pa celo 30 do 40 odstotkov. S stiskanjem izločimo do 80 odstotkov maščob. Iz 100 kg žira (70 kg ploda) dobimo okoli dvanajst litrov olja. Oblasti so nabiranje žira za jedilno olje posebej vzpodbujali in podpirali v času vojn in povojnih kriznih razmer, ko je bil nakup hrane omejen. Pri stiskanju olja ostanejo oljne pogače, ki so dobra krmaza pitanje prašičev in perutnino. V manjši količini jih je dovoljeno uporabljati tudi za krmo govedo, za konje pa pogače iz bukovega žira niso uporabne. Dandanes, ko je vse večje zanimanje za ekološko pridelana živila, biob bogatih obrodih bukve lahko pridobivali kakovostno jedilno oljeTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaZveza gozdarskih društev Slovenije