223 KB72 KB201320252022Dular, Dragoletnik:48številka:5str. 658-684ISSN:0353-6521COBISSID_HOST:125242115URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-KMFPCJ03slGospodarski vestnikInštitut za delo pri Pravni fakultetiZveza Društev pravnikov v gospodarstvu SlovenijePodjetje in delocontractual liability of experts against third partiesexpert opinion contractimportance of expert opinion in legal transactionsimportance of interpretation of contractpogodba o izdelavi strokovnega mnenjapogodbena odškodninska odgovornost strokovnjakov nasproti tretjim osebampogodbeno pravopomen interpretacije pogodbpomen strokovnega mnenja v pravnem prometuthird partytretja osebatripartite relationstristranska razmerjaPogodbena odškodninska odgovornost strokovnjakov nasproti tretjim osebam|When an expert provides information in the exercise of his profession, this type of liability is including in the professional liability of members of individual occupational groups, e.g. lawyers, architects, auditors, tax consultants, and real estate appraisers. It is characteristic of these members that they work in the liberal professions, which is why they usually prepare expert opinions for their clients or subscribers based on appropriate contracts. Consequently, there is no doubt that an individual expert is liable to their client for damages if they produce a deficient expert opinion based on such a contract. However, the question is whether experts can also be liable to third parties who have relied on these opinions based on those contracts. In the former Jugoslav law, the courts did not recognise contractual liability towards third parties because they proceeded from the view that the contract creates legal effects only between the parties to the contract. If a third party was affected by an expert's opinion, it could claim compensation from a specific expert only on a tort basis. Such an opinion is also represented by Slovenian courts in the current period. In the article, the author proves that contractual liability of experts against third parties is also possible, referring to German and Austrian law. The author believes that Slovenian contract law provides all the conditions for enforcing the contractual liability of experts against third parties, and states the advantages of such a basis of responsibility, namely the occurrence of tripartite relations relating to third parties. A comprehensive treatment allowed by the contract based on proper interpretation is neededKadar strokovnjak posreduje informacijo v izvajanju svojega poklica, se ta vrsta odškodninske odgovornosti uvršča v poklicno odgovornost pripadnikov posameznih poklicnih skupin, na primer odvetnikov, arhitektov, revizorjev, davčnih svetovalcev in cenilcev nepremičnin. Za navedene pripadnike je značilno, da nastopajo v svobodnih poklicih, zaradi česar običajno pripravljajo strokovna mnenja za svoje kliente oziroma naročnike na podlagi ustreznih pogodb. Glede na to ni nobenega dvoma, da je posamezen strokovnjak odškodninsko odgovoren svojemu klientu, če izdela pomanjkljivo strokovno mnenje na podlagi takšne pogodbe. Vprašanje pa je, ali lahko strokovnjaki na podlagi navedenih pogodb odškodninsko odgovarjajo tudi tretjim osebam, ki so se na ta mnenja zanesle. V bivšem jugoslovanskem pravu sodišča niso priznala pogodbene odškodninske odgovornosti nasproti tretjim osebam, ker so izhajala iz stališča, da pogodba ustvarja pravne učinke le med strankama pogodbe. Če je bila tretja oseba z mnenjem strokovnjaka prizadeta, je lahko uveljavljala odškodnino od določenega strokovnjaka na deliktni podlagi. Takšno mnenje zastopajo slovenska sodišča tudi v sedanjem obdobju. Avtor članka dokazuje, da je mogoča tudi pogodbena odškodninska odgovornost strokovnjakov nasproti tretjim osebam, in se pri tem sklicuje na nemško in avstrijsko pravo. Avtor zastopa mnenje, da so v slovenskem obligacijskem pravu podani vsi pogoji za uveljavitev pogodbene odškodninske odgovornosti strokovnjakov nasproti tretjim osebam, in navaja prednosti takšnega temelja odgovornosti, in sicer pojavnost tristranskih razmerij, ki se navezujejo na tretjo osebo. Potrebna je celovita obravnava, ki jo dopušča pogodba na podlagi ustrezne interpretacijeTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of Slovenia