{"?xml":{"@version":"1.0"},"edm:RDF":{"@xmlns:dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","@xmlns:edm":"http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/","@xmlns:wgs84_pos":"http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos","@xmlns:foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","@xmlns:rdaGr2":"http://rdvocab.info/ElementsGr2","@xmlns:oai":"http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/","@xmlns:owl":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#","@xmlns:rdf":"http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#","@xmlns:ore":"http://www.openarchives.org/ore/terms/","@xmlns:skos":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#","@xmlns:dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","edm:WebResource":[{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:doc-KFW0LYZ9/7358ae-34a-98f9-af0692de64b1-44d78cd/PDF","dcterms:extent":"189 KB"},{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:doc-KFW0LYZ9/5a74bae3-f1f2-4a87-a43d-32203d635a18/TEXT","dcterms:extent":"44 KB"}],"edm:TimeSpan":{"@rdf:about":"2013-2025","edm:begin":{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"2013"},"edm:end":{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"2025"}},"edm:ProvidedCHO":{"@rdf:about":"URN:NBN:SI:doc-KFW0LYZ9","dcterms:isPartOf":[{"@rdf:resource":"https://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:spr-2XUGOISV"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Podjetje in delo"}],"dcterms:issued":"2023","dc:creator":"Kovič Dine, Maša","dc:format":[{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"letnik:49"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"številka:6/7"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"str. 1051-1064"}],"dc:identifier":["ISSN:0353-6521","COBISSID:168547587","URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-KFW0LYZ9"],"dc:language":"sl","dc:publisher":{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"LEXPERA"},"dc:subject":[{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"človekove pravice"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"klimatske spremembe"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"odgovornost države"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Poplave"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"predvidevanje"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"preprečevanje škode"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"sistemi umetne inteligence"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Umetna inteligenca"}],"dcterms:temporal":{"@rdf:resource":"2013-2025"},"dc:title":{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Odgovornost države za neuporabo oziroma neustrezno uporabo umetne inteligence pri preprečevanju poplav in vplivi na človekove pravice|"},"dc:description":[{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Scientists warn that river flooding caused by climate change is one of the most prevalent natural disasters, which is due to increase in frequency. Flooding is by some accounts the most devastating natural disaster occurring worldwide, resulting in the destruction of infrastructure and farmland and has serious impacts on human health and life. Unfortunately, floods cannot be prevented, but they can be anticipated and prepared for. As part of adapting to future floods, several artificial intelligence (AI) systems are being developed that analyse data ranging from rainfall, river flow, geological structure of the river basin, satellite imagery and past flood events to produce simulations of future flood models. These can be used to predict several days in advance how river levels will rise in the event of more severe rainfall, and the extent and severity of flooding. Their purpose is to help national decision makers to take appropriate measures to prevent or at least reduce flood damage and to keep the affected population properly informed. This paper presents different forms of AI systems for flood forecasting and prevention. It highlights a number of challenges in the use of these systems, such as bias, lack of data, inexplicability of the obtained results and their unpredictability. These challenges affect the obtained predictions and also affect the (lack of) confidence of decision makers in these obtained outcomes. This may culminate in decision makers' failure to take into account the obtained predictions from AI systems and their failure to adopt adequate measure to respond to future floods. If this happens, who is responsible for the ensued damage to property, the impact on human health and life, and the violation of fundamental human rights?"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Znanstveniki opozarjajo, da je zaradi podnebnih sprememb poplavljanje rek ena najbolj pretečih naravnih nesreč, katerih pogostost bo vedno večja. Poplave so po nekaterih podatkih najbolj uničujoča naravna nesreča, ki je prisotna po celem svetu, posledice pa so uničena infrastruktura in kmetijske površine ter resen vpliv na človekovo zdravje in življenje. Poplav žal ne moremo preprečiti, lahko pa jih predvidimo in se nanje ustrezno pripravimo. Kot del prilagajanja na poplave se razvijajo številni sistemi umetne inteligence (UI), ki analizirajo različne podatke od količine padavin, pretoka reke, geološke strukture rečnega bazena, satelitskih posnetkov do preteklih primerov poplav ter pripravijo simulacije modelov prihodnjih poplavljanj. Na njihovi podlagi lahko za nekaj dni vnaprej predvidijo potek dvigovanja rečne gladine v primeru resnejšega deževja, obseg in resnost poplav. Njihov namen je pomagati odločevalcem v državi pri pripravi ustreznih ukrepov za preprečevanje ali vsaj zmanjšanje škode zaradi poplav ter ustrezno obveščanje prizadetega prebivalstva. Prispevek predstavi različne oblike sistemov UI za predvidevanje in preprečevanje poplav. Opozori na številne izzive pri uporabi teh sistemov, kot so pristranskost, pomanjkljivo podatkovje, nerazložljivost pridobljenih rezultatov in nepredvidljivost rezultatov. Ti izzivi vplivajo na pridobljene rezultate, prav tako pa vplivajo na (ne)zaupanje odločevalcev v te rezultate, kar se lahko kaže v tem, da odločevalci rezultatov, pridobljenih s sistemi UI, ne upoštevajo in se posledično neustrezno pripravijo na prihajajoče poplave. Kdo v takšnem primeru odgovarja za nastalo materialno škodo, za posledice za človeško zdravje in življenja ter kršitve temeljnih človekovih pravic?"}],"edm:type":"TEXT","dc:type":[{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"znanstveno časopisje"},{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"journals"},{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q361785"}]},"ore:Aggregation":{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/?URN=URN:NBN:SI:doc-KFW0LYZ9","edm:aggregatedCHO":{"@rdf:resource":"URN:NBN:SI:doc-KFW0LYZ9"},"edm:isShownBy":{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:doc-KFW0LYZ9/7358ae-34a-98f9-af0692de64b1-44d78cd/PDF"},"edm:rights":{"@rdf:resource":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"},"edm:provider":"Slovenian National E-content Aggregator","edm:dataProvider":{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"National and University Library of Slovenia"},"edm:object":{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.dlib.si/streamdb/URN:NBN:SI:doc-KFW0LYZ9/maxi/edm"},"edm:isShownAt":{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:doc-KFW0LYZ9"}}}}