1186 KB91 KB201020252025Clemente-Suárez, Vicente JavierContreras-Zapata, Katherine EstephaniCruz-Hidalgo, Nadia XimenaMartín-Pérez, Isidro MiguelMartín-Pérez, Sebastián EustaquioRubio-Zarapuz, Alejandroštevilka:1letnik:16str. 61-94DOI:10.35469/ak.2025.503ISSN:2232-2620COBISSID_HOST:248222723URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-KB57L24SenZnanstveno-raziskovalno središče Koper, Annales ZRSAnnales kinesiologiae (Koper)cardiovascular riskdebelosthipertenzijahypertensionKardiovaskularne bolezniOtrocipyhsical activitysrčno-žilna ogroženostŠporttelesna dejavnostPhysical activity and lifestyle interventions for children at cardiovascular risk| a systematic review|Introduction: Structured physical activity and lifestyle changes are promising strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk in children and adolescents. We hypothesize that programs meeting the minimum thresholds of frequency and duration—particu-larly those combining aerobic and resistance components—can significantly lower the blood pressure in at-risk pediatric populations.Purpose: To synthesize current evidence on the effectiveness of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise interventions, alongside lifestyle modifications, in reducing car-diovascular risk among children and adolescents.Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42025644256). Searches covered January 2015 to March 2025 across MEDLINE (PubMed), SPORTDiscus (EBSCO), and the Cochrane Library. The included studies were RCTs or quasi-experimental designs integrating exercise with di-etary or behavioral components. The primary outcomes were blood pressure, lipid pro-file, body composition, physical fitness, and health-related quality of life. Study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale and Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool.Results: Twenty-six studies (mean PEDro score: 9.9/10) met the inclusion criteria. Combined aerobic and resistance training with nutritional or behavioral support led to reductions in systolic/diastolic BP (–5 to –8 mmHg), body fat (–2 to –4%), and cholesterol (–10 to –15 mg/dL), alongside gains in aerobic capacity. Interventions in-volving families and school personnel showed greater adherence and cardiometabolic improvements.Conclusions: Integrated physical activity and lifestyle programs are effective at reducing cardiovascular risk markers in pediatric populations. Early implementation in supportive environments is essential for long-term health benefitsUvod: Strukturirana telesna dejavnost in spremembe življenjskega sloga so obetav-ne strategije za zmanjšanje srčno-žilne ogroženosti pri otrocih in mladostnikih. Naša hipoteza je, da lahko programi, ki dosegajo minimalne meje pogostosti in trajanja (predvsem taki, ki združujejo aerobne elemente in elemente vadbe proti uporu), po-membno znižajo krvni tlak pri ogroženih pediatričnih populacijah.Namen: Strniti trenutne dokaze o učinkovitosti posegov v obliki aerobne vadbe, vadbe proti uporu in kombinirane vadbe skupaj s spremembami življenjskega sloga za zmanjšanje srčno-žilne ogroženosti pri otrocih in mladostnikih.Metode: Sistematični pregled je bil izveden v skladu s smernicami PRISMA (PROSPERO CRD42025644256). Iskanja so zajemala obdobje od januarja 2015 do marca 2025 v bazah MEDLINE (PubMed), SPORTDiscus (EBSCO) in Cochrane Library. Vključene so bile študije z randomiziranim kontroliranim poskusom (RKP) ali kvazieksperimentalno zasnovo, ki so združevale vadbo s prehranskimi ali vedenjskimi komponentami. Primarni izidi so bili krvni tlak, lipidni profil, telesna sestava, telesna pripravljenost in kakovost življenja, povezana z zdravjem. Kakovost študij je bila oce-njena z uporabo lestvice PEDro in orodja Cochrane RoB 2.0.Rezultati: Šestindvajset študij (povprečna ocena PEDro: 9,9/10) je izpolnjevalo merila izbora. Kombiniranje aerobne vadbe in vadbe proti uporu s prehransko ali ve-denjsko podporo je privedlo do znižanja sistoličnega/diastoličnega krvnega tlaka (–5 do –8 mmHg), telesne maščobe (–2 do –4 %) in holesterola (–10 do –15 mg/dL) in iz-boljšanja aerobne zmogljivosti. Posegi, pri katerih so sodelovali družine in šolsko ose-bje, so se izkazali za doslednejše, privedli pa so tudi do kardiometabolnega izboljšanja.Zaključki: Integrirani programi telesne dejavnosti in sprememb življenjskega sloga so učinkoviti pri zmanjševanju kazalnikov tveganja za srce in ožilje pri pediatrični po-pulaciji. Njihovo zgodnje uvajanje v podpornih okoljih je ključno za dolgoročne koristi za zdravjeTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaUniverza na Primorskem, Znanstveno-raziskovalno središče Koper