227 KB37 KB200720252018Mrak, Anjaštevilka:1letnik:12str. 244-257ISSN:1854-9632COBISSID_HOST:67436642URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-HVONJH9JslZnanstvena založba Filozofske fakulteteArs et humanitasIndian literatureindijska književnostmnožinski pripovedovalecmultiple-person narratornarrative structurenasiljepostcolonial literaturespostkolonialne književnostipripovedna strukturaRoy, Arundhatitraumatravmaviolence"Žrtvi sta, ne pa storilca"| narativizacija nasilja in travme v romanu Arundhati Roy Bog majhnih stvari|In her 1997 novel The God of Small Things, Arundhati Roy confronts the problem of caste violence, inextricably bound up with other practices of social domination such as patriarchy, racism, colonialism and neocolonialism, through a complex narrative structure. The conventional story about a tragic love between a woman from a higher caste and a member of the untouchables skilfully evades cliché patterns by employing eccentric focalisers, as we experience most of the story through the lenses of multiple-person narrators, twin brother and sister, Rahel and Estha, magical realism, and a disjointed narrative full of prolepses and analepses which subtly renders traumatic memories. The novel is structured as a prototypical trauma narrative and stages a confrontation with an unresolved traumatic event from which Rahel and Estha have been recovering since childhood. Roy deftly transposes the dualism of caste purity and impurity onto the narrative structure. The narrative is caught within a duality (symbolised already by the twins) and a perpetual repetition which represents not only the eternal return of trauma but also the constant tension which derives from the hegemony of the caste system and the violence it produces. The biopolitics of social mechanisms and structures which disciplines the individual's body, controls his actions, rectifies and sanctions transgressions is at the heart of the novel. It raises the individual into obedience and restraint with the help of state institutions, and regulates them into an inconspicuous collective body in the name of security, unity and higher common goals. Socio-political mechanisms are legitimised and reaffirmed through violence as well, which is not understood as such, but rather as a necessary "measure" and "duty" to uphold the lawArundhati Roy se v romanu Bog majhnih stvari (1997) problematike kastnega sistema, neločljivo prepletenega z ostalimi praksami družbene dominacije, kot so patriarhat, rasizem, kolonializem in neokolonializem, loti s kompleksno pripovedno strukturo. Konvencionalna zgodba o tragični ljubezni med žensko iz višje kaste in pripadnikom nedotakljivih se spretno izvija klišejskim vzorcem z uporabo ekscentričnih fokalizatorjev, saj večino pripovedi spremljamo skozi oči dvojčkov Rahel in Estha, z magičnim realizmom, nelinearnostjo, ki subtilno uprizarja travmatične spomine, in jezikovnimi igrami, ki odpirajo vprašanja v povezavi s prirejanjem jezika kolonizatorja. Ubeseditev polpozabljenih in potlačenih spominov romanu kljub nelinearnosti daje koherentno strukturo, v kateri je vseskozi prisoten občutek nemoči v primežu dominantnih družbenih praks. V središču romana je biopolitika družbenih mehanizmov in struktur, ki disciplinira posameznikovo telo, nadzira njegova ravnanja, korigira in kaznuje prestopke. Prek državnih institucij ga vzgaja v poslušnost in obvladovanost ter ga v imenu varnosti, enotnosti in višjih skupinskih ciljev regulira v neizstopajoče kolektivno telo. Družbeno-politični mehanizmi se legitimirajo in obnavljajo tudi z nasiljem, ki pa, kot bo razvidno v nadaljevanju, ni dojeto kot tako, temveč kot nujen "ukrep" in "dolžnost" za ohranjanje zakonov. V skladu s tem delujejo vsi segmenti družbenih institucij, celoten sistem pa se vzdržuje tudi z nekritičnim potrjevanjem množic, ki zavestno ali podzavestno ponotranjijo predpisane družbene norme. Mikrokozmos družinskih in partnerskih odnosov v romanu Bog majhnih stvari odseva širšo politično in družbeno situacijo sodobne Indije, poudarek pa je na institucionalnem nasilju, ki za ohranjanje statusa quo ne izbira sredstevTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaZnanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete