{"?xml":{"@version":"1.0"},"edm:RDF":{"@xmlns:dc":"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/","@xmlns:edm":"http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/","@xmlns:wgs84_pos":"http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos","@xmlns:foaf":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/","@xmlns:rdaGr2":"http://rdvocab.info/ElementsGr2","@xmlns:oai":"http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/","@xmlns:owl":"http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#","@xmlns:rdf":"http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#","@xmlns:ore":"http://www.openarchives.org/ore/terms/","@xmlns:skos":"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#","@xmlns:dcterms":"http://purl.org/dc/terms/","edm:WebResource":[{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:doc-HR6JH89L/1f5b5eae-32c2-4db9-a0ca-8e34eef1c76b/HTML","dcterms:extent":"56 KB"},{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:doc-HR6JH89L/299af043-4079-425b-a869-af28d0ed6f49/PDF","dcterms:extent":"354 KB"},{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:doc-HR6JH89L/870e234e-42d3-4260-a594-8f3d16f2be2e/TEXT","dcterms:extent":"42 KB"}],"edm:TimeSpan":{"@rdf:about":"2002-2026","edm:begin":{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"2002"},"edm:end":{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"2026"}},"edm:ProvidedCHO":{"@rdf:about":"URN:NBN:SI:doc-HR6JH89L","dcterms:isPartOf":[{"@rdf:resource":"https://www.dlib.si/details/urn:nbn:si:spr-py0w57lr"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Zdravstveno varstvo"}],"dcterms:issued":"2003","dc:creator":["Oražem, Toni","Ribič, Helena","Smole, Alenka"],"dc:format":[{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"številka:4"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"letnik:42"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"str. 145-156"}],"dc:identifier":["ISSN:0351-0026","COBISSID:1109221","URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-HR6JH89L"],"dc:language":"sl","dc:publisher":{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Inštitut za varovanje zdravja Republike Slovenije"},"dc:subject":[{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"antibiotic"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"antibiotiki"},{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"bacteria"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"bakterije"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"cepivo"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"cepljenje"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"domovi za stare ljudi"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"odpornost"}],"dcterms:temporal":{"@rdf:resource":"2002-2026"},"dc:title":{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Odpornost bakterij, ki smo jih osamili pri varovancih domov za ostarele| Antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from nursing home residents|"},"dc:description":[{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Background: The frequency of infections among nursing home residents is high. Many of these infections are caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and treating them represents an ever-increasing problem. The authors present the most frequently isolated bacterial species and their antibiotic sensitivity rates. The strains studied were isolated from specimens taken from nursing home residents in the Ljubljana region. Methods: In this retrospective study, bacterial strains, isolated from wounds and ulcers (196 strains) and from urine samples (555 strains), were analysed. Strain isolation and antibiotic sensitivity tests were done as part of the routine work of the microbiologicallaboratory of the national Institute of Public Health between January 2000 and December 2002. Results: Among bacterial strains isolated fromurine samples, 12% of strains of enterobacteria were sensitive to ampicillin, 35% to co-amoxiclav, 32% to co-trimoxazole, 73% to gentamicin and 41% to norfloxacin; 51% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were sensitive to gentamicin and 22 % to norfloxacin; 90 % of enterococci were sensitive to ampicillin, 41% to gentamicin and 7% to norfloxacin; all strains of Acinetobacter spp. were resistant to norfloxacin and 28% of strains were sensitive to gentamicin. Among strains recovered from wounds and ulcers; 33% of enterobacteria were sensitive to ampicillin, 45% to co-amoxiclav 53% to co-trimoxazole, 71% to ciprofloxacin and 75% to gentamicin. Sixty-six percent of P. aeruginosa strains were sensitive to gentamicin, 57% to ciprofloxacin and 91% to ceftazidime. All strains of Acinetobacter spp. were sensitive to ampicillin sulbactam, 6% to ciprofloxacin and 23% to gentamicin; 29% strains of Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to methicillin (MRSA strains). Conclusions: Antibiotic-resistant and multiply resistant bacteria are frequently isolated from nursing home residents in the Ljubljana region. The problem of antimicrobial resistance arises not only during treatment of infections, but also when a resident is transferred to a hospital or some other institution together with the resistant bacteria and their genes, which represent a threat to other patients. Resistant pathogens may also spread in the opposite direction : from hospitals to long-term care facilities. Consistent implementation of infection control measures and judicious use of antibiotics are required to prevent the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Microbiological surveillance is necessary to monitor microbial resistance patterns"},{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Izhodišča: Med varovanci domov za ostarele so okužbe zelo pogoste. Pogosto jihpovzročajo proti antibiotikom odporne bakterije, kar je velik problem za zdravljenje okužb. V prispevku avtorji prikazujejo pogostost bakterijskih rodov in vrst ter delež za antibiotike občutljivih sevov, osamljenih iz kužninvarovancev v domovih na območju ljubljanske regije. Metode: V retrospektivni raziskavi so obravnavali bakterijske seve, ki so jih osamili izkužnin ran, razjed in seča. Seve so v obdobju treh let (od januarja 2000 do decembra 2002) osamili pri rednem delu mikrobiološkega laboratorija Inštituta za varovanje zdravja. Analizirali so rezultate 196 sevov najpogosteje osamljenih rodov in vrst iz ran ter razjed ter 555 sevov najpogostejših rodov in vrst iz vzorcev seča. Rezultati: Pri bakterijskih sevih, ki so jih osamili iz vzorcev seča, je bila občutljivost za ampicilin pri enterobakterijah 12 % in pri enterokokih 90 %. Občutljivost za amoksicilin s klavulansko kislino in trimetoprim s sulfametoksazolom je bila pri enterobakterijah 35 % in 32 %; občutljivost za gentamicin pri enterobakterijah 73 %, pri enterokokih 41 %, pri povzročiteljih Pseudomonas aeruginosa 51 % in pri acinetobaktru 28 %; občutljivost za norfloksacin pri enterobakterijah 41 %, pri enterokokih 7 %, pri P. aeruginosa 22 % in pri acinetobaktru 0 %. Pri sevih iz ran in razjed jebila občutljivost za ampicilin pri enterobakterijah 33 %, občutljivost za amoksicilin s klavulansko kislino in trimetoprim s sulfametoksazolom pa 45 % in 53 %. Občutljivost za gentamicin je bila pri enterobakterijah 75 %, pri P. aeruginosa 66 % in pri acinetobaktru 23 %, občutljivost za ciprofloksacin pa pri enterobakterijah 71 %, pri P. aeruginosa 57 % in pri acinetobaktru 6 %. Vsi sevi acinetobaktrov so bili občutljivi za ampicilin s sulbaktamom. Med sevi Staphylococcus aureus je bil delež proti meticilinu odpornih sevov (MRSA)29 %. Zaključek: Pri varovancih domov za starostnike v ljubljanski regiji pogosto osamimo odporne in večkratno odporne bakterije. Odpornost protiantibiotikom predstavlja velik problem ne le pri zdravljenju okužb, temveč tudi ob premestitvi varovanca v bolnišnico ali drugo ustanovo. Takrat se odporni sevi zanesejo v to ustanovo, kjer se lahko razširijo in ogrožajo ostale bolnike. Prenos sevov je možen tudi v obratni smeri: iz bolnišnice v dom za starostnike. Pojavljanje in širjenje odpornih bakterij je potrebno preprečevati s preudarno rabo antibiotikov, z doslednim izvajanjem higienskih ukrepov, razmere pa spremljati z ustreznim mikrobiološkim nadzorom"}],"edm:type":"TEXT","dc:type":[{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"znanstveno časopisje"},{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"journals"},{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q361785"}]},"ore:Aggregation":{"@rdf:about":"http://www.dlib.si/?URN=URN:NBN:SI:doc-HR6JH89L","edm:aggregatedCHO":{"@rdf:resource":"URN:NBN:SI:doc-HR6JH89L"},"edm:isShownBy":{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:doc-HR6JH89L/299af043-4079-425b-a869-af28d0ed6f49/PDF"},"edm:rights":{"@rdf:resource":"http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"},"edm:provider":"Slovenian National E-content Aggregator","edm:intermediateProvider":{"@xml:lang":"en","#text":"National and University Library of Slovenia"},"edm:dataProvider":{"@xml:lang":"sl","#text":"Inštitut za varovanje zdravja RS"},"edm:object":{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.dlib.si/streamdb/URN:NBN:SI:doc-HR6JH89L/maxi/edm"},"edm:isShownAt":{"@rdf:resource":"http://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:doc-HR6JH89L"}}}}