346 KB20 KB202220252023Cvetanoska, MajaKozina Bubnič, Laraštevilka:2str. 26-29COBISSID_HOST:166023939ISSN:2820-5006URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-H4J1KE6JslFakulteta za farmacijo, ŠSSFDPlacebohematološke rakave boleznihimerni antigenski receptorImunoterapijalimfociti Trakave celiceterapija CAR-Ttumorsko mikrookoljeCelična terapija CAR-T|Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, or CAR-T cell therapy for short, is a type of immunotherapy based on genetically modified proteins on the surface of T lymphocytes isolated from the patient's blood. Modifying the receptor proteins allows the T cells to specifically bind to target proteins on the surface of cancer cells. Binding to the target cells allows the T lymphocytes to be activated and the cancer cells to be destroyed. CAR-T therapy is particularly useful in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Despite the fact that this type of immunotherapy is a revolutionary tool for cancer treatment, there are a number of challenges that limit its use. Major obstacles include the absence or reduced expression of antigens on the cell surface due to the adaptation of cancer cells. Additional problems are the toxicity caused by excessive cytokine release and the immunosuppressive tumour environment, in the case of solid tumours, which at the same time is difficult for CAR-T cells to access. Modified natural killer cells are also a promising option and have several advantages over CAR-TTerapija z modificiranimi celicami T, ki izražajo himerni receptor za tumorske antigene ali krajše celična terapija CAR-T, je vrsta imunoterapije, ki temelji na genetskem spreminjanju proteinov na površini limfocitov T, izoliranih iz bolnikove krvi. Sprememba receptorskih proteinov omogoča celicam T, da se specifično vežejo na tarčne beljakovine na površini rakavih celic. Vezava na tarčne celice omogoča aktivacijo limfocitov T in uničenje rakavih celic. Terapija CAR-T je predvsem uporabna pri zdravljenju hematoloških malignih bolezni. Kljub temu da je ta vrsta imunoterapije revolucionarno orodje za zdravljenje raka, obstajajo številni izzivi, ki omejujejo njeno uporabo. Med večje ovire spada odsotnost ali znižano izražanje antigena na površini celic zaradi prilagoditve rakavih celic. Problematična pa sta še toksičnost, ki jo povzroči prekomerno sproščanja citokinov, in imunosupresivno tumorsko okolje v primeru trdnih tumorjev, ki je hkrati težko dostopno celicam CAR-T. Obetavna možnost so tudi modificirane naravne celice ubijalke, ki imajo v primerjavi s CAR-T kar nekaj prednostiTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of Slovenia