417 KB44 KB201820242024Šuster, Daniloštevilka:2letnik:28str. 189-208DOI:10.18690/analiza.28.2.189-208.2024ISSN:1408-2969COBISSID_HOST:226986243URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-FUALEOI5enUniverza v Mariboru, Univerzitetna založbaAnaliza (Ljubljana)actualismaktualizemargumenti iz posledicclosure principlesconsequence argumentsdeontic logicdeontična logikamoral dilemmasmoralne dilemenačela zaprtostinormal modal logicnormalna modalna logikaModal catapults and the limits of modal logic| Modalni katapulti in meje modalne logike|I explore modal “catapults,” a variety of closure principles for modal operators. Consider a proposition pthat logically implies, entails, strictly implies, modally implies, materially implies, ..., a proposition q. According to the appropriate catapult for a modal operator M, if Mp, then also Mq. Modal catapults play a crucial role in the logical analysis of traditional philosophical arguments, such as fatalism and incompatibilism. Additionally, standard deontic paradoxes and moral dilemmas involvea deontic modal catapult in some form. In the realm of deontic logic, I advocate for a solution grounded in actualism and counterfactuals (Jackson, Goble). In considering whether it ought to be that Awe should look particularly at what would be the case, were Athe case. This approach explains the failures of closure while still acknowledging its central role in modal reasoning. Modal catapults are indispensable to the logic of modalities, but they also delineate the boundaries of this approachModalni »katapulti« so osnovne logične sheme sklepanj za modalne operatorje (»zaprtost« za logično posledico). Denimo, da propozicija logično implicira, strogo implicira, modalno implicira ali materialno implicira ...,propozicijo. V skladu z ustreznim »katapultom« za modalni operator M velja prenos modalnosti: če Mp, potem tudi Mq. Modalni katapulti imajo pomembno vlogo pri logični analizi tradicionalnih filozofskih argumentov, kot sta fatalizem in inkompatibilizem. Tudi pri deontičnih paradoksih in v moralnih dilemah imajo katapulti osrednjo vlogo. Zagovarjam pristop, ki temelji na aktualizmu in protidejstvenem razmišljanju (Jackson, Goble): v razmišljanju o tem, ali bi moralo biti res, da p, upoštevamo, kaj bi bilo res, če p. Ta pristop dobro pojasni, kdaj prenos deontične nujnosti ne deluje in hkrati razloži njegovo uporabnost. Modalni katapulti so nepogrešljivi logiki modalnosti, vendar tudi zarišejo meje tega pristopaTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaDruštvo za analitično filozofijo in filozofijo znanosti