2238 KB0 KB200520252021Bratkovič, TomažVencelj, Anaštevilka:3letnik:72str. 211-225ISSN:0014-8229COBISSID_HOST:70328067URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-CDYB4BI5slSlovensko farmacevtsko društvoFarmacevtski vestnikCepivacepivo informacijske RNAInfekcijske bolezniKlinične raziskavemehanizem delovanjamRNAProfilaktična cepiva na osnovi informacijske rna proti nalezljivim boleznim| Prophylactic messenger rna-based vaccines against infectious diseases|Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines are an extremely promising vaccine platform, as they allow for immediate response to new pathogen threats. mRNA vaccines are based on introducing genetic information for one or more antigens of a pathogen directly into cells of a vaccinated individual. The transfected cells use this genetic information to transiently express the encoded protein antigen and display it on the cell surface in the form of antigenic peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex, thereby activating T lymphocytes. If the encoded intact antigen is directed to the cell surface or the extracellular space, robust humoral response is also observed. In the last decade, important progress has been made in the areas of enzymatic mRNA synthesis, understanding immunomodulatory properties of exogenous mRNA as well as materials for mRNA delivery, and optimizing transfection and in vivo translation efficiency, leading to approval of first mRNA-based vaccines in the European Union and United States. here, we review the mechanisms of actions, production technologies and current clinical experience with prophylactic mRNA vaccines against infectious diseasesCepiva na osnovi informacijske RNA (mRNA) predstavljajo izjemno obetavno platformo cepiv, saj omogočajo hiter odziv na grožnje novih patogenov. Temeljijo na vnosu genskega zapisa za enega ali več antigenov povzročitelja nalezljive bolezni neposredno v celice vakcinirane osebe. Na podlagi genske informacije transfecirane celice prehodno izrazijo proteinski antigen in ga predstavijo na svoji površini v obliki peptidov, vezanih na poglavitni kompleks tkivne skladnosti. Tako predstavljene jih zaznajo limfociti T. Če usmerimo antigen na celično membrano ali v zunajcelični prostor, pride tudi do robustnega humoralnega imunskega odziva. V zadnjem desetletju beležimo precejšen napredek na področjih encimske sinteze mRNA, razumevanja imunomodulatornih lastnosti same eksogene mRNA in dostavnih sistemov mRNA-cepiv ter doseganja učinkovite transfekcije in translacije in vivo, kar je omogočilo nedavno odobritev prvih tovrstnih cepiv v Evropski uniji in ZDA. V prispevku predstavljamo mehanizme delovanj, način proizvodnje in dosedanje klinične izkušnje s profilaktičnimi mRNA-cepivi proti nalezljivim boleznimTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaSlovensko farmacevtsko društvo