250 KB51 KB201920262026Hladký, VojtěchZore, Francištevilka:1letnik:8str. 33-51DOI:10.4312/clotho.8.1.33-51ISSN:2670-6210COBISSID_HOST:288334339URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-AJKDLEGRslZaložba Univerze v LjubljaniClothoBergson, HenriDuhovne vajeEvropska filozofijaFoucault, MichelHadot, PierreJaz (filozofija)Krščanska etikaPatočka, Janskrb zaseZgodovina seksualnosti (delo)Hadotove duhovne vaje in Foucaultova skrb za dušo| primerjava|The article offers a general comparison of the concept of ‘spiritual exer­cises’ and ‘care of the self’ in the works of Pierre Hadot and of Michel Foucault, respectively. In both cases we have to do with a concept of self-transformation that was developed as a part of ancient philosophy. For Hadot, philosophy was not only a theoretical discourse but also a way of life, often within a philosophical school or a community. The first step of ‘spiritual exercises’ was to uncover one’s self, to purify it, and to achieve inner balance. The following step was to expand and integrate the self into the totality of the world. Foucault developed his concept of the ‘care of the self’ within his project of History of Sexuality. According to him, in antiquity, dealing with one’s desires resembled dietetics, and the main goal of ethics was to cultivate and not to repress these desires. In this context, concentration on one’s self meant a preparation for a challenge that may occur during life. Later on, some ‘technologies of the self’ were adopted by Christianity, most notably in the institution of confession, which has been gradually secularised. One can find parallels of this in modern philosophy, for example, in Bergson, who influenced Hadot strongly. A comparison with Jan Patočka shows their common roots in existential and phe­nomenological philosophy, in which Foucault was interested during the 1950s. Yet there is an important difference between them since Patočka’s concept of the care of the soul focused almost exclusively on the rational aspect of human being. Hadot points out, albeit slightly tendentiously, that Foucault downplays the cosmological dimensions of one’s existence. This is due in fact to Foucault’s own philosophical project of the archaeology of human thought in which one’s access to truth is always conditioned by one’s particular historical perspectiveČlanek ponuja splošno primerjavo konceptov »duhovnih vaj« in »skrbi zase« v delih Pierra Hadota in Michela Foucaulta. V obeh primerih imamo opraviti s konceptom samopreobrazbe, ki se je razvil kot del antične filozofije. Za Hadota filozofija ni bila le teoretični diskurz, temveč tudi način življenja, pogosto znotraj filozofske šole ali skupnosti. Prvi korak »duhovnih vaj« je bil odkriti svoj jaz, ga očistiti in doseči notranje ravno­vesje. Naslednji korak je bil razširitev in vključitev jaza v celovitost sveta. Foucault je svoj koncept »skrbi za samega sebe« razvil v okviru projekta Zgodovina seksualnosti. Po njegovem mnenju je bilo v antiki ukvarjanje s svojimi željami podobno dietetiki, glavni cilj etike pa je bil te želje gojiti in ne zatirati. V tem kontekstu je osredotočenost nase pomenila pripravo na izziv, ki se lahko pojavi v življenju. Kasneje je krščanstvo prevzelo nekatere »tehnologije sebstva«, predvsem institucijo spovedi, ki je bila postopoma sekularizirana. Vzporednice tega lahko najdemo v sodobni filozofiji, na primer pri Bergsonu, ki je močno vplival na Hadota. Primerjava z Janom Patočko denimo pokaže njune skupne korenine v eksistencialni in fenomenološki filozofiji, za kateri se je Foucault zanimal v petdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja. A med njima obstaja pomembna razlika, saj se je Patočkov koncept skrbi za dušo osredotočal skoraj izključno na racio­nalni vidik človeškega bitja. Hadot sicer nekoliko tendenciozno opozarja, da Foucault omalovažuje kozmološke razsežnosti človekovega obstoja. To je dejansko posledica Foucaultovega lastnega filozofskega projekta arheologije človeške misli, v katerem je dostop do resnice vedno pogojen z določeno zgodovinsko perspektivoTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaZaložba Univerze v Ljubljani