205 KB30 KB201320252022Primec, Andrejaletnik:48številka:6/7str. 1033-1042ISSN:0353-6521COBISSID_HOST:126381315URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-8VB7BNX6slLEXPERAPodjetje in deloexpert opinion contractliability for an offenceliability of responsible personsodgovorna oseba po ZGD-1odgovorna oseba po ZP-1odgovornost odgovornih osebodgovornost za prekršekresponsible person under the Companies Act (ZGD-1)responsible person under the Minor Offences Act (ZP-1)Odgovornost za prekrške odgovornih oseb po določbah ZGD-1|The basic principles of minor offences liability of responsible persons are regulated by the Minor Offences Act (ZP-1). However, in each case (each minor offence), the provisions of specific legislation, in our case, the Companies Act (ZGD-1), must also be taken into account. Concerning the liability of persons liable for minor offences, a distinction must be made between the responsible person, who is authorised to carry out certain work for the legal person, and the liable person, as a managerial or supervisory body, who is obliged to exercise supervision that may prevent a minor offence. While in the first case, the responsible person is liable for the offence committed in the course of their work (as a direct perpetrator) and under the rules of liability for natural persons, in the second case, the liability of the responsible person for failure to exercise due supervision is, as a rule, only a prerequisite for the "autonomous" liability of the legal person. The criminal provisions of the ZGD-1 provide for the liability of the responsible persons of companies, intermediaries, liquidators, etc., which always also constitutes a condition for the liability of the entities mentioned above as legal persons and also specifically provide for the breaches of the management and supervisory bodies of companies (responsible persons in the strict sense), who in these cases are held individually liable as direct perpetrators. This highlights their role in corporate law and, consequently, their liability for (their own) unlawful conductTemeljne postulate odgovornosti odgovornih oseb za prekrške ureja Zakon o prekrških (ZP-1), vendar je v vsakem posamičnem primeru (oziroma pri posameznem prekršku) treba upoštevati tudi določila posebne zakonodaje, v primerih, obravnavanih v prispevku, so to določbe Zakona o gospodarskih družbah (ZGD-1). V zvezi z odgovornostjo odgovornih oseb za prekrške je treba razlikovati med odgovorno osebo, ki je za pravno osebo pooblaščena opravljati določeno delo, ter odgovorno osebo kot vodstvenim oziroma nadzornim organom, ki je dolžna izvajati nadzorstvo, s katerim se lahko prepreči prekršek. Medtem ko v prvem primeru odgovorna oseba odgovarja za prekršek, ki ga je storila pri opravljanju dela (kot neposredni storilec) in po pravilih odgovornosti za fizične osebe), je v drugem primeru odgovornost odgovorne osebe za opustitev dolžnega nadzorstva praviloma zgolj predpostavka za "samostojno" odgovornost pravne osebe. Kazenske določbe ZGD-1 določajo odgovornost odgovornih oseb družb, posrednikov, likvidacijskih upraviteljev itd., kar je vselej tudi pogoj za odgovornost naštetih subjektov kot pravnih oseb, poleg tega pa posebej določajo tudi kršitve vodstvenih in nadzornih organov družb (odgovornih oseb v ožjem pomenu), ki v teh primerih odgovarjajo individualno kot neposredni storilci. S tem je poudarjena njihova vloga, ki jo imajo v korporacijskem pravu, in posledično tudi odgovornost za (lastna) nezakonita ravnanjaTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of Slovenia