612 KB52 KB197820252020Vurnik Navinšek, Lara Geaštevilka:3letnik:43str. 119-137ISSN:0351-1189DOI:10.3986/pkn.v43.i3.07COBISSID:42996227URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-77STOOGYslSlovensko društvo za primerjalno književnostPrimerjalna književnostheteronimijairska književnostmaskamodernizemokultizemPessoa, Fernandoportugalska književnostYeats, William Butlerzahodni ezoterizemYeatsove maske in Pessoovi heteronimi v luči zahodnega ezoterizma|The article deals with the influence of Western esotericism and occultism on the life and works of William Butler Yeats and Fernando Pessoa, particularly on their poetic technique of "creative dissociation" or "depersonalization" (which is how Pessoa described his heteronymy). This technique is the main shared characteristic of Yeats's and Pessoa's poetics, which is not only paradig-matically modernist but also emphatically esoteric. The term "esoteric" here refers to different currents that evolved throughout history in parallel with organized religion, on the one hand, and Enlightenment rationalism on the other, forming the so-called third pillar of Western culture. Yeats based his theory of the Mask on the ideas he developed during his years as a member of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, while Pessoa's practice of spiritual-ism, mediumship, and automatic writing influenced his creation of heteronyms. In this regard, we can view the work of both authors as a modernist artistic expression that was formed in close contact with Western esotericismČlanek obravnava vpliv zahodnega ezoterizma oziroma okultizma na življenje in delo Williama Butlerja Yeatsa in Fernanda Pessoe. Pri tem je posebna pozornost posvečena pesniški tehniki "kreativne disociacije" od lastnega jaza ali "depersonalizacije", kot je svojo heteronimijo označil Pessoa. Gre za bistveno skupno potezo Yeatsove in Pessoove poetike, ki ni le paradigmatsko modernistična, temveč tudi poudarjeno ezoterična. Kot ezoterične razumemo različne tokove, ki so se skozi zgodovino razvili vzporedno z organizirano religijo na eni in razsvetljenskim racionalizmom na drugi strani ter s tem tvorijo t. i. "tretji steber zahodne kulture". Yeatsovo teorijo maske so v veliki meri definirale tudi ideje, ki jih je pridobil v svojih letih članstva v Hermetičnem redu Zlate zore, na nastanek Pessoovih heteronimov pa je vplivalo njegovo prakticiranje spiritizma, medijstva in avtomatskega pisanja. Delo obeh avtorjev tako lahko razumemo kot modernistični umetniški izraz, ki se je izoblikoval v tesnem kontaktu z zahodnim ezoterizmomTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaSlovensko društvo za primerjalno književnost