<?xml version="1.0"?><rdf:RDF xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:edm="http://www.europeana.eu/schemas/edm/" xmlns:wgs84_pos="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos" xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" xmlns:rdaGr2="http://rdvocab.info/ElementsGr2" xmlns:oai="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:ore="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/terms/" xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"><edm:WebResource rdf:about="http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:doc-6H07RRXG/56e8611c-9052-4eab-a78b-0d930aecbaa9/HTML"><dcterms:extent>49 KB</dcterms:extent></edm:WebResource><edm:WebResource rdf:about="http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:doc-6H07RRXG/7531befc-8a32-42da-9c8a-197b012b0910/PDF"><dcterms:extent>8457 KB</dcterms:extent></edm:WebResource><edm:WebResource rdf:about="http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:doc-6H07RRXG/fc2b641f-1d11-4aca-837d-24aaea39bd37/TEXT"><dcterms:extent>47 KB</dcterms:extent></edm:WebResource><edm:TimeSpan rdf:about="1990-2025"><edm:begin xml:lang="en">1990</edm:begin><edm:end xml:lang="en">2025</edm:end></edm:TimeSpan><edm:ProvidedCHO rdf:about="URN:NBN:SI:doc-6H07RRXG"><dcterms:isPartOf rdf:resource="https://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:spr-JHEEX9FM" /><dcterms:issued>2004</dcterms:issued><dc:creator>Ingrao, Charles W.</dc:creator><dc:contributor>Klemenčič, Matjaž</dc:contributor><dc:format xml:lang="sl">številka:44</dc:format><dc:format xml:lang="sl">str. 142-157</dc:format><dc:identifier>ISSN:0353-2720</dc:identifier><dc:identifier>ISSN:0354-0286</dc:identifier><dc:identifier>COBISSID:9446221</dc:identifier><dc:identifier>URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-6H07RRXG</dc:identifier><dc:language>sl</dc:language><dc:publisher xml:lang="sl">Institute for Ethnic Studies</dc:publisher><dc:publisher xml:lang="sl">Inštitut za narodnostna vprašanja</dc:publisher><dcterms:isPartOf xml:lang="sl">Razprave in gradivo - Inštitut za narodnostna vprašanja (1990)</dcterms:isPartOf><dc:subject xml:lang="en">Central Europe</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="sl">etnične skupine</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="sl">etnični konflikti</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="sl">etnični odnosi</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="sl">narodne manjšine</dc:subject><dc:subject xml:lang="sl">Srednja Evropa</dc:subject><dc:subject rdf:resource="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q27509" /><dcterms:temporal rdf:resource="1990-2025" /><dc:title xml:lang="sl">Razumevanje etničnih konfliktov v Srednji Evropi|</dc:title><dc:description xml:lang="sl">The fifteen years since the fall of Communism have witnessed a plethora of civil wars and rebellions throughout the world that have made many among us nostalgic for the days of the Cold War. But the reasons for these conflicts have less to do with the fall of Communism than with the problems of sustaining harmony within multiethnic societies. These conflicts demonstrate not only that the Wars of Yugoslav Succession were hardly unique, but suggest that the region is more representative of the world at large than the more ethnically homogenous democracies of western Europe and North America. This essay discusses a series of factors in central Europe's historical developmentthat explain its turbulent twentieth-century experience. If there is a "first cause" to the region's distinctiveness from western Europe, it is its maintenance of less tightly centralized governmental forms that helped sustain linguistic and cultural diversity at a time when the great power rivals in the West were imposing uniformity of language, religion and culture.The massive population movements generated by the Habsburg-Turkish wars created even greater ethnic variegation. The Balkan Wars and World War I marked the triumph of the nation-state, but according to a three-tiered hierarchy of peoples that has guaranteed 75 years ofregional instability. The biggest losers were the Jews and Muslim Slavs, who were fated to be distrustedminorities no matter where they lived. The Nazis furthered the nation-state agenda, often by drawing new borders that more closely coincided with existing ethnic frontiers. Yet the horrific record of the Axis regimes mandated a return to the punitive borders of 1919. Whereas a half-century of Communism did at least relieve central Europe's ethnic tensions, its failure as an economic system prompted ruthless politicians like Ceaucescu, Zhivkov and Milosevic to distract their restive peoples by reviving the quest for ethnically homogenous nation states. By the end of the century well over thirty million civilians have been expelled or executed, including the great majority of the region's Jews and Germans</dc:description><dc:description xml:lang="sl">V petnajstih letih od padca komunizma so v svetu izbruhnili številni upori in državljanske vojne, ob katerih se je mnogim izmed nas začelo tožiti po obdobjuhladne vojne. Toda vzroki teh konfliktov imajo manj opraviti s padcem komunizma kot s težavnostjo ohranjanja miru in stabilnosti v večnarodnostnih družbah. Ne dokazujejo le, da vojne na območju nekdanje Jugoslavije niso bile izjema, ampak tudi, da je Balkanski polotok bolj reprezentativen odraz svetovne situacije kot etnično homogene demokracije Zahodne Evrope in Severne Amerike. Članek obravnava vrsto dejavnikov v zgodovinskem razvoju Srednje Evrope, ki osvetljujejo viharno dogajanje v 20. stoletju. Poglavitni razlog zadrugačnost tega področja od Zahodne Evrope je obstoj manj centraliziranih vladajočih režimov, ki so omogočili jezikovno in kulturno raznolikost v času, ko so zahodne velesile vsiljevale enotnost jezika, religije in kulture. Velikeselitve prebivalstva, ki so jih povzročile vojne med Habsburžani in Turki, so to etnično raznolikost še povečale. Balkanske vojne in prva svetovnavojna so pomenile zmago nacionalne države, vendar po sistemu tristopenjske hierarhije narodov, ki je povzročila 75 let regionalne nestabilnosti. Največji poraženci so bili Židje in muslimanski Slovani, ki so ne glede na to, kje so živeli, postali manjšine, ki jim ne gre zaupati. Nacisti so pojem nacionalne države še izpopolnili, pri čemer so pogosto začrtali nove meje, ki so še bolj sovpadale z obstoječimi etničnimi mejami, vendar pa so grozljivi dosežki sil osi povzročili vrnitev "kazenskih" meja iz leta 1919. Medtem ko je pol stoletja komunizma vsaj omililo etnične napetosti Srednje Evrope, je dejstvo, da je bil kot ekonomski sistem neuspešen, spodbudilo vzpon brezobzirnih politkov tipa Ceaucescu, Živkov in Milošević, kiso nezadovoljstvo svojih narodov preusmerili v oživljanje želja po etnično homogeni nacionalni državi. Do konca 20. stoletja je bilo čez 30 milijonov civilistov izgnanih ali umorjenih, vključno z večino na Balkanu živečih Židov in Nemcev</dc:description><edm:type>TEXT</edm:type><dc:type xml:lang="sl">znanstveno časopisje</dc:type><dc:type xml:lang="en">journals</dc:type><dc:type rdf:resource="http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q361785" /></edm:ProvidedCHO><ore:Aggregation rdf:about="http://www.dlib.si/?URN=URN:NBN:SI:doc-6H07RRXG"><edm:aggregatedCHO rdf:resource="URN:NBN:SI:doc-6H07RRXG" /><edm:isShownBy rdf:resource="http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:doc-6H07RRXG/7531befc-8a32-42da-9c8a-197b012b0910/PDF" /><edm:rights rdf:resource="http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/" /><edm:provider>Slovenian National E-content Aggregator</edm:provider><edm:intermediateProvider xml:lang="en">National and University Library of Slovenia</edm:intermediateProvider><edm:dataProvider xml:lang="sl">Inštitut za narodnostna vprašanja</edm:dataProvider><edm:object rdf:resource="http://www.dlib.si/streamdb/URN:NBN:SI:doc-6H07RRXG/maxi/edm" /><edm:isShownAt rdf:resource="http://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:doc-6H07RRXG" /></ore:Aggregation></rdf:RDF>