475 KB0 KB201020252018Bagar, TanjaBagar-Povše, MajdaBolta, ŽigaErveš, ViliFlaker, VitoGrebenc, VeraHolec, VarjaNeubauer, DavidNolimal, DušanPerdija, ŽeljkoRengeo, DejanŠetinc, MarkoŠtukelj, Romanštevilka:77/78str. 189-217ISSN:1408-9653COBISSID:5491051URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-4RSONK99slFakulteta za slovenske in mednarodne študijeDignitas (Ljubljana)cannabinoidscannabisclassificationsHealth CommitteeICANNA InstituteInštitut ICANNAkanabinoidiklasifikacijakonopljaMinistrstvo za zdravjeMinistry of HealthOdbor za zdravstvoregulationszakonodajaDileme in predlog razvrstitve cannabis sativa 1. v Sloveniji|Cannabis sativa has an extremely rich history of use for various purposes. Its many thousand years of versatile usage has been tainted with stigmatization and prohibitions, which, due to various interests, began in the firs half of the last century, and peaked with the exclusion of the plant from American pharmacopoeia, stamping it in international documents. The more developed countries in the field have already found ineligibility of such prosecution. At the time of cessation of use of the plant there were some important discoveries, for example the first isolation of the active substance and the discovery of a unique biological system - endocannabinoid system. Synthetic cannabinoids have been developed in laboratories, whose efficacy and safety are not comparable to natural cannabis or its preparations. Due to a number of factors and circumstances, it is time to again correctly assess its health and social risks in the socitey to ensure its proper and updated regulations in the area. Several publicly available documents refer to positive effects of modern Cannabis sativa legislation adopted in countries where cannabis is not only adequately regulated for medical purposes but in some cases also for personal use. Besides, warnings on critial points to be addressed are important. Slovenia is at the turning point. While some individuals and civil society organizations were the ones who warned of the urgent need for change in this area in previous years, significant changes took place in 2016 also on the proffesional and political field. Experts and scientists gathered at the non-governmental International Institut for Cannabinoids ICANNA and within the working group of the Medical Chember of Slovenia. Should the use of cannabis be allowed for medical purposes is not an issue of profesional organizations. Media reports are also favourable. The political will can also be reported from unanimously adopted resolutions of the Commitee of Health of the National Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia, which ordered the Ministry of Health to prepare materials for reclassification of cannabis. In addition, regulations are being prepared to allow production and processing of cannabis in medical purposes. However, an inadequate proposal was sent to the public debate. Institute ICANNA proposed a professional re-classification of cannabis in III: group of illicit drugs, as medium and not most dangerous drug that can be used in medicineRastlina konoplja ima izredno bogato zgodovino uporabe v različne namene. Njeno več tisoč letno vsestransko uporabnost omadežuje stigmatizacija in prohibicija, ki se je zaradi različnih interesov pričela v prvi polovici prejšnjega stoletja, vrhunec pa je doživela z izločitvijo iz ameriške farmakopeje in ožigosanjem v mednarodnih dokumentih. države, ki so na tem področju bolj razvite, so že ugotovile neupravičenost take gonje, sicer vprašljive že same po sebi. V času zatona uporabe rastline je prišlo do nekaterih pomembnih odkritij, npr. prva izolacija aktivne učinkovine in odkritje edinstvenega signalnega sistema, imenovanega endokanabinoidni sistem. V laboratorijih so bili razviti sintetični kanabinoidi, katerih učinkovitost in varnost pa nista primerljivi z naravno konopljo oziroma njenimi pripravki. Zaradi številnih dejavnikov in okoliščin je čas, da se ponovno pravilno oceni tveganje za zdravje in družbo ter poskrbi za ustrezno, to je posodobljeno regulativo tega področja. Pozitivne učinke sodobne zakonodaje o Cannabis sativa v državah, v katerih so konopljo ne samo ustrezno regulirali v medicinske namene, ampak ponekod tudi za osebno uporabo, kot tudi opozorila na kritične točke, na katere je treba biti pozoren, obravnava več javno objavljenih dokumentov. Tudi Slovenija je na prelomni točki. Medtem ko so bili v prejšnjih letih praviloma nekateri posamezniki in civilne organizacije tisti, ki so opozarjali na nujnost sprememb na tem področju, so se v letu 2016 zgodili bistveni premiki tudi na strokovnem, nato še na političnem polju. Strokovnjaki in znanstveniki so se organizirali v mednarodnem inštitutu za kanaboide ICANNA in v sklopu delovne skupine Zdravniške zbornice Slovenije. Ali omogočiti uporabo konoplje v medicinske namene z vidika omenjenih strokovnih organizacij ni vprašanje. Tudi medijska poročanja so temu naklonjena. Jasno politično voljo pa razberemo iz soglasno sprejetih sklepov Odbora Državnega zbora RS za zdravstvo, s katerim je bila Ministrstvu za zdravje naložena priprava gradiva za prerazvrstitev konoplje ter pripravo podlag, s katerimi bo v Sloveniji omogočena pridelava in predelava konoplje v medicinske namene. A v javno razpravo pa je poslan neustrezen predlog rešitve. Nevladni inštitut ICANNA je s strokovno utemeljitvijo predlagal prerazvrstitev konoplje v III. skupino prepovedanih drog, v kateri so srednje in ne najbolj nevarne droge, ki se lahko uporabljajo v mediciniTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaFakulteta za slovenske in mednarodne študije v Kranju