662 KB65 KB198220252023Zaviršek, Darjaštevilka:2/3letnik:62str. 89-110ISSN:0352-7956DOI:10.51741/sd.2023.62.2-3.89-110COBISSID_HOST:172224771URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-2HCAF746slFakulteta za socialno deloSocialno deloabandoned childrencoloniesenakost med spolomagender equalityHomo sovieticuskolonijememory workpedagogikapedagogysovjetski človekspominsko delozapuščeni otrociOtroški kolektiv kot metoda dela, odnosi med spoloma in sledovi Makarenkovega dela v pisnih in memoarskih virih socialnega dela v Sloveniji|The thematic analysis of the famous work of the Soviet pedagogue Anton S. Makarenko The Road to Life focuses on two themes: a.) the introduction of the main working methods of social education of abandoned children from the children's colony in the Soviet Union in the twenties and thirties of the twentieth century; b.) the analysis of gender relations in Makarenko’s work. The method of collective organization of children of different ages, based on the socialist values of collective education, work, and gender equality, was central to Makarenko’s work. Makarenko's method opposed the mainstream educational methods of punishing, medicalizing, and pathologizing children, and therefore faced criticism. The Road to Life was rewritten several times by Soviet censors to conform to Soviet ideology. His work must be read as an ethnography of the colony and an allegory of the new “social education” of abandoned children. In the fifties of the 20th century, the book was translated into Slovene and other Yugoslav languages. The article presents the oral history vignettes of some professors of social work in Slovenia. Their recollections prove that they knew Makarenko's work and considered his method of working with children and the fact that he was critical of labelling and pathologizing children, important. The author concludes that there are no traces of Makarenko's work in social work practice, as evidenced by graduate theses from 1957–1991 and oral histories of social work educators in Slovenia. There are some suggestions as to why this was the caseTematska analiza slavnega dela sovjetskega pedagoga Antona S. Makarenka Pedagoška pesnitev se osredotoča na dva vsebinska sklopa: a.) predstavitev ključnih metod pri delu z zapuščenimi otroki, ki so v dvajsetih in tridesetih letih 20. stoletja v Sovjetski zvezi živeli v obliki zavodske oskrbe, v otroških kolonijah; b.) analizo odnosov med spoloma v Makarenkovem delu. Metoda kolektiva je bila utemeljena v skupnem bivanju in delu otrok različnih starosti in je temeljila na socialističnih vrednotah kolektivnega izobraževanja, dela in enakosti med spoloma. Nasprotovala je večinskim vzgojnim metodam kaznovanja, medicinizacije in patologizacije, kar je naletelo na številne kritike. Pedagoško pesnitev je sovjetska cenzura večkrat popravljala, tako da je ustrezala tedanji ideologiji, zato jo je treba brati kot etnografijo kolonije in kot alegorijo »socialne vzgoje« zanemarjenih otrok. V petdesetih letih 20. stoletja je bila knjiga prevedena v slovenščino in v druge jezike republik nekdanje Jugoslavije. Avtorica opisuje, kakšen odziv je imela knjiga med tistimi, ki so poučevali socialno delo v Sloveniji. Spominske vinjete nekaterih profesorjev socialnega dela in pedagogike, ki so se ukvarjali z otroki, dokazujejo, da so Makarenkovo delo dobro poznali; blizu jim je bila njegova metodo dela z otroki in njegova kritičnost do etiketiranja in patologiziranja otrok. Avtorica ugotovi, da sledi Makarenkovega dela v socialnem delu, kolikor je mogoče sklepati iz analiz diplomskih del v letih 1957–1991 in pričevanj učiteljev, ni zaznati, in nakaže nekaj razlogov za toTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaUniverza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za socialno delo