174 KB26 KB2013Sket, IvankaŠelih, Alenkaštevilka:4letnik:64str. 313-317ISSN:0034-690XCOBISSID:2723562URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-YJE2YYYDslMinistrstvo za notranje zadeve Republike Slovenije, PolicijaRevija za kriminalistiko in kriminologijoCentral Europecrimedružbene spremembeEastern Europeexplanation of crimekriminalitetarazlaga kriminalitetesocial changesSrednja EvropaVzhodna EvropaPoskus razlage kriminalitete v tranzicijskih državah srednje in vzhodne Evrope|The article analyses theoretical views of the influence of social changes on crime development, and draws the attention to the fact that there were several social and legal systems in Europe that went through a process of transformation in the 20th century: the first wave present the democratisation processes that after World War I, the second democratization processes after World War II, the third wave were the processes in the 70ies when authoritarian regimes of Spain, Portugal and Greece were overthrow. None of these process es, however, has been as complex as those in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe after the fall of socialism. The author presents theoretical explanations on these processes as put forth by mostly Western experts on the one hand (where American authors are also included) and Central and Eastern European authors on the other (with the exception ofthose from Russia). Theoretical models are presented on which the Western researchers (Offe, Eisner, Ioutsen, Karstedt, Los) have based their views, such as modernization theory (Durkheim, Clinard), opportunity theory (Cohen-Felson) and civilization theory (Elias, Gottfredson-Hirschi). The views of a second group of researchers (Kossowska, Valkova, Levay) are also discussed who also employ modeIs of Western criminology but at the same time emphasize the multi causal nature of these changes and their all-embracing nature. The author puts forth her view that a multi-causal approach, which she calls the "shock approach'; is needed since the changes that have taken place in all areas of society and individuallives, have meant for society as well as for the individual a shock, in which neither of them was able to act as they would have acted in normal circumstancesPrispevek razčlenjuje teoretične poglede na vpliv družbenih sprememb na razvoj kriminalitete. Pri tem opozarja, da je več družbenih in pravnih sistemov v Evropi v 20. stoletju prestalo procese preobrazbe: prvo predstavljajo procesi demokratizacije po koncu 1. svetovne vojne, drugo enaki procesi po koncu 2. svetovne vojne, tretjo pa ti procesi konec 70-ih let, ko so padli nekateri avtoritarni sistemi (Španija, Portugalska, Grčija). Vendar nobeden od teh procesov ni bil tako vseobsežen, kot so spremembe, ki so nastale v vzhodno- in srednjeevropskih državah po padcu socializma. Avtorica prikaže teoretične razlage teh procesov, na eni strani zahodnih avtorjev, kamor prišteva tudi ameriške, in na drugi strani srednje- in vzhodnoevropskih avtorjev (z izjemo ruskih). Prikaže teoretične modele, na katere so se opirali zlasti zahodni pisci (Offe, Eisner, outsen, Karstedt, Los), kot so teorija modernizacije (Durkheim, Clinard), teorija priložnosti (Cohen-Felson) in teorija civiliziranja (Elias, Gottfredson-Hirschi). Nato prikaže stališča druge skupine raziskovalcev (Kossowska, Valkova, Levay), ki prav tako uporabljajo modele zahodne kriminologije, vendar vsi poudarjajo vseobsežnost in mnogovzročnost sprememb. Avtorica sama se opredeli za multi-kavzalni model razlage, ki ga označi kot pristop šoka, saj so po njenem mnenju spremembe, do katerih je prišlo na vseh področjih družbenega in posameznikovega življenja, pomenile za družbo in za posameznika šok, v katerem ne eden ne drugi nista mogla delovati tako, kot bi delovala v normalnih pogojihTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of Slovenia