403 KB69 KB198220252025Flaker, Vitoštevilka:1/2letnik:64str. 71-93ISSN:0352-7956DOI:10.51741/sd.2025.64.1-2.71-93COBISSID_HOST:248458499URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-TMZI9J3HslFakulteta za socialno deloSocialno deloaffiliationassembliesDeinstitucionalizacijadeinstitutionalisationdemocratic decision-makingdemokratično odločanjedezinstitucionalizacijaherapeutic communitiespripadnostskupščineterapevtske skupnostiVključevanje uporabnikov - krilatica ali krila preobrazbe|Users’ involvement and inclusion are the main purposes in the transformation of the residential institutions and its main vehicle. However, it is on the account of other undertakings of the organisation, mostly left aside in the process. Inclusion is the negation of the exclusion, which by total institutions homogenise the society and craft devalued, deviant roles. Inclusion can vary in intensity from mere presence and participation to attachment and identification, affiliation to a group and takes place on personal, organisational and community levels. Assemblies (therapeutic communities) are among the most prominent ways of how to enable involvement of users in the process of transformation. However, they need to, in order to achieve their mission – self-governance and personal affirmation of participants – be open, democratic and really decide on truly important issues, otherwise they remain mere ceremonies, or worse, instrument of control, discipline and manipulation. This way of decision making and participation must persist also after the resettlement and dispersion of residents and include the community and thus contribute to it. Inclusion of users into the community represents also adding the necessary collective, communal dimension to the otherwise individualised care and enables the community to become an agent of care (and not just adverbial clause of place). The role of the professionals is to facilitate such processes while providing support to users to do so. At the same time, the previously excluded by inclusion make the community more real. Four faces of inclusion can be decoded: self-management of care, support in inclusion, renewing and strengthening the networks and community action. These must be considered and enacted simultaneously, since alone they do not suffice as they complement and strengthen each otherVključevanje uporabnikov je glavni smoter preobrazbe institucij in tudi njeno glavno sredstvo, vendar pa zaradi drugih »pomembnejših« nalog organizacije praviloma ostane ob strani. Vključevanje je negacija izključevanja, s katerim totalne ustanove homogenizirajo družbo in ustvarjajo razvrednotene, odklonske vloge. Vključevanje se stopnjuje od zgolj navzočnosti in udeležbe prek navezav do poistovetenja in pripadnosti skupini in poteka na osebni, organizacijski ravni in ravni skupnosti. Skupščine (terapevtske skupnosti) so med izrazitejšimi načini, kako zagotoviti vključevanje uporabnikov v procesu preobrazbe. Vendar morajo, da dosežejo svoj cilj – samoupravljanja in osebne afirmacije udeležencev – biti odprte, demokratične in zares odločati o za udeležence zares pomembnih zadevah, sicer ostanejo le ceremonija, še huje, orodje nadzora, discipliniranja oz. manipulacije. Takšen način odločanja in udeležbe mora vztrajati tudi po preselitvah in razpršitvi stanovalcev, pri tem vključevati skupnost in njej prispevati. Vključevanje uporabnikov pomeni tudi nujno dodajanje kolektivne, skupnostne dimenzije sicer pogosto individualno zasnovani oskrbi in omogoča, da skupnost postane akter oskrbe (ne le njeno krajevno določilo). Vloga strokovnjakov je omogočati takšne procese, hkrati pa tudi zagotoviti oporo pri vključevanju. Hkrati pa nekdanji izključenci z vključevanjem poresničijo skupnost. Izluščili smo torej štiri obraze vključevanja: samoupravljanje oskrbe, podporo pri vključevanju, obnavljanje in krepitev mrež ter skupnostne akcije. Te moramo upoštevati in izvajati hkrati, saj vsaka dimenzija zase pogosto ni dovolj pa tudi krepijo druga drugoTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaUniverza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za socialno delo