224 KB58 KB2016Ambrož, Matjažštevilka:1letnik:67str. 5-15ISSN:0034-690XCOBISSID:1908046URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-P0F75BT8slMinistrstvo za notranje zadeve Republike Slovenije, PolicijaRevija za kriminalistiko in kriminologijoabsolute theoriesabsolutne teorijeaim of punishmentdark fieldgeneral preventiongeneralna prevencijakaznovalne teorijemoralamoralitynamen kaznovanjaspecial preventionspecialna prevencijatemno poljetheory of punishmentutilitarianismutilitarizemNamen kaznovanja| pozitivna generalna prevencija?|The author analyses the idea of positive general prevention, which has become a leading theory of punishment in several legal systems, most notably the ones within Germanic legal circles. Positive general prevention is used as an umbrella term covering a variety of different effects of punishment (consolidation of confidence in the legal order, the moral-educational effect, and satisfying the public), which should, in the long run prevent crime. The main hypothesis of this paper is that the effectiveness of positive general prevention is relatively scarce, and this hypothesis is being verified in conjunction with the theory on preventive effects of ignorance and by reviewing relevant empirical research. In the conclusion, it is argued that positive general prevention is indisputably effective at the "all or nothing" level (with the complete elimination of sanctioning there would certainly be more crime), while preventive effects of making legal punishments harsher, are very limited. A specific problem of positive general prevention is that it can quickly become universal and a relatively cheap rhetorical device in the struggle for new incriminations, raising penalties and more severe penal policies, or for the apology of criminal law, as it isAvtor članka analizira idejo o pozitivni generalni prevenciji, ki si je danes v številnih kazenskopravnih sistemih, zlasti v germanskem krogu, izborila status vodilne kaznovalne teorije. Izraz pozitivna generalna prevencija se uporablja kot krovni pojem za različne učinke kaznovanja (utrjevanje zaupanja v pravni red, moralno-pedagoško učinkovanje, zadovoljitev in pomiritev javnosti), ki naj bi na dolgi rok preprečevali kriminaliteto. Glavna hipoteza članka je, da je učinkovitost pozitivne generalne prevencije relativno omejena. To hipotezo avtor preverja v povezavi s teorijo o preventivnih učinkih nevednosti in s pregledom empiričnih raziskav. V sklepu pokaže, da je pozitivna generalna prevencija učinkovita na ravni "vse ali nič" (s popolno odpravo sankcioniranja bi bilo kriminalitete nesporno več), preventivni učinki poostritve kaznovanja so zelo omejeni. Posebna težava pozitivne generalne prevencije je, da hitro postane univerzalen in relativno cenen retorični pripomoček za nove inkriminacije, zviševanje zagroženih kazni in strožjo kaznovalno politiko ali pa za apologijo kazenskega prava, kakršno pač jeTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of Slovenia