141 KB37 KB2026Neffat, Domenletnik:52številka:6/7str. 1214-1228ISSN:0353-6521COBISSID_HOST:302875139URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-OJ1QNDPKslGospodarski vestnikInštitut za delo pri Pravni fakultetiZveza Društev pravnikov v gospodarstvu SlovenijePodjetje in deloactive legal standingaktivna legitimacijacapital companycontract on transfercourt registerkapitalska družbapasivna legitimacijapassive legal standingpodjetnikipogodba o prenosuresolution on transfersklep o prenosusodni registersole proprietorstatus transformationstatusno preoblikovanjesubsidiarna odgovornostsubsidiary liabilityuniversal legal successionuniverzalno pravno nasledstvoPreoblikovanje samostojnega podjetnika v družbo z omejeno odgovornostjo|Transformation of a sole proprietor into a capital company (LLC) under the Companies Act (ZGD-1) enables the hive-off of business-organized assets from the unified asset pool of an individual and their transfer to a new or acquiring company by way of universal legal succession. The company enters into all legal relations of the transferred enterprise, while the sole proprietor receives corporate shares in return. The transformation takes effect upon the entry of the transfer into the court register. Universal legal succession encompasses both material and procedural aspects. However, there are exceptions regarding rights that, due to their nature, are not transferred automatically (e.g., craft permits, representation before the Slovenian Intellectual Property Office as a trademark and design attorney). To acquire ownership rights to real estate, an entry in the land register is required in addition to the court register entry; until that moment, the new or acquiring company holds a “right in expectation”. Regarding liability for obligations incurred prior to the entry of the transfer, the individual (the sole proprietor who transferred the business) remains subject to unlimited, joint, and subsidiary liability with all their assets. Prior to enforcing a claim against the individual, the creditor must primarily issue a written demand for performance to the company. In litigation and enforcement proceedings, a status change does not automatically extinguish the legal capacity of the individual to be a party, and adapting the lawsuit or entering a new debtor requires appropriate procedural motions by the parties. Claims against the individual statute-bar five years after the publication of the transfer entry in the register, unless the claim against the sole proprietor is subject to a shorter limitation periodStatusno preoblikovanje samostojnega podjetnika v kapitalsko družbo (d. o. o.) po Zakonu o gospodarskih družbah (ZGD-1) omogoča izčlenitev podjetniško organiziranega premoženja iz enovite premoženjske mase fizične osebe ter njegov prenos na novo ali prevzemno družbo po poti univerzalnega pravnega nasledstva. Družba vstopi v vsa pravna razmerja prenesenega podjetja, podjetnik pa v zameno pridobi korporacijske deleže. Učinek preoblikovanja nastopi z vpisom prenosa v sodni register. Univerzalno pravno nasledstvo zajema materialno in procesno področje. Obstajajo izjeme glede pravic, ki se zaradi svoje narave ne prenesejo samodejno (na primer obrtno dovoljenje, zastopnik za znamke in modele pred Uradom RS za intelektualno lastnino). Za pridobitev lastninske pravice na nepremičninah je poleg registrskega vpisa prenosa podjetja potreben še vpis v zemljiško knjigo, do tega trenutka ima nova oziroma prevzemna družba lastninsko pravico v pričakovanju. Glede odgovornosti za obveznosti, nastale pred vpisom prenosa, ostaja fizična oseba (podjetnik, ki je prenesel podjetje) neomejeno, solidarno in subsidiarno odgovorna z vsem svojim premoženjem. Upnik mora pred uveljavljanjem zahtevka zoper fizično osebo primarno pisno pozvati novo oziroma prevzemno družbo k izpolnitvi. V pravdnih in izvršilnih postopkih statusna sprememba ne pomeni prenehanja sposobnosti fizične osebe biti udeležena naprej v pravdnem postopku. Prilagoditev tožbe ali vstop novega dolžnika zahteva ustrezne procesne predloge strank. Terjatve do fizične osebe zastarajo v petih letih od objave vpisa prenosa v register, razen če terjatev zoper podjetnika zastara v krajšem rokuTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of Slovenia