353 KB543 KB44 KB200220262008Bahovec, ZlatkoGrmek-Košnik, IrenaHafner, AlenkaHovnik-Keršmanc, MarjetkaLesjak, KatraRok-Simon, Matejaštevilka:114 straniletnik:47str. 18-31ISSN:0351-0026COBISSID:1973221URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-NZ25H85DslInštitut za varovanje zdravja Republike SlovenijeZdravstveno varstvočeladadeskanjedrsanjeglavapoškodbepredpisipreprečevanjerolanjesmučanješportne poškodbevzrokiPoškodbe glave zaradi smučanja, drsanja, kotalkanja ali deskanja na snegu in preprečevanje teh poškodb z uporabo čelade| Skiing, skating, roller skating and snowboarding head injuries and prevention by helmet use|Background: Injuries are the third cause of death in Slovenia, with head trauma as the most frequent type of injury. Falls are the most common external cause of fatal intracranial injury. Because of their serious consequences, accidental brain injuries present significant challenges to the society. Head injuriesdue to a fall while skiing, skating, roller skating and snowboarding (SSRSSB) were studied. Methods: We analysed national health statistics data on mortality rate, emergency clinic visits, hospital admissions and rehabilitation of patients in Slovenia between 1997 and 2004. The SPSS programme was used for statistical analysis. Mortality rates, emergency clinic visits and first hospitalisation rates were calculated on thebasis of data on permanent residents of Slovenia during the period 1997 - 2004 provided by the central population register of the Republic of Slovenia. Results: During the eight-year period (1997 - 2004), 2,445 deaths due to head injuries were reported (individual years: 14.0 - 17.3 per 100,000 population).Seven deaths (0.3%) were due to SSRSSB-related falls (0.05 - 0.1 per 100,000 population). Between 1999 and 2004, 75,633 visits to emergency clinics because of head injuries were reported (individual years: 529 - 708 per 100,000 population). A total of 456 individuals (0.6%) attended because ofhead injury resulting from SSRSSB-related falls (2.1 - 5.2 per 100,000 population). During the period 1997 - 2004, 64,182 first in-hospital treatments for head trauma were recorded (366 - 424 per 100,000 population); 1,014 (1.6%) of these were given to patients with head injury resulting from aSSRSSB-related fall (4.5 - 8.7 per 100,000 population). The following fall-induced head injuries related to SSRSB were treated in hospital: 674 skull injuries (S06), 219 superficial head injuries (S00), 87 skull and facialbones fractures (S02), 30 head wounds (S01), three eye and orbit injuries and one injury from other causes (S03). Total length of hospital stayfor all patients with SSRSB-related head trauma was 3,180 days; the average hospital stay was 3.1 days. Conclusions:ßevere, even fatal fall-induced head injuries associated with SSRSSB, which are an important public health issue in Slovenia, may be prevented by carrying a helmet. There is a need to intensify promotional activities to encourage helmet use by SSRSSB participants. Article 12 of the "Safety on Ski Slopes Act" stipulates that ski helmet use is compulsory for all children under 12 years: we proposethat the age should be raised to a minimum of 14 years, like in the neighbouring countires. Moreover, we strongly recommend the use of a protective helmet to all SSRSSB participants whatever their ageIzhodišča: V Sloveniji so poškodbe tretji vzrok umrljivosti, med katerimi so poškodbe glave najpogostejše. Med zunanjimi vzroki za smrtne znotrajlobanjske poškodbe prevladujejo padci. Nezgodne možganske poškodbe zaradi resnosti možnih posledic predstavljajo velik izziv za družbo. Zato je bil namen naše raziskave analizirati poškodbe glave zaradi padca na drsalkah, smučeh, kotalkah ali deskah za smučanje (DSKDs). Metode: Analizirali smo podatke iz nacionalne zdravstvene statistike o umrljivosti, obiskov v dežurnih službah ali ambulantah NMP, bolnišničnih zdravljenjih in rehabilitaciji bolnikov v Sloveniji v letih 1997 do 2004. Za obdelavo podatkov smo uporabili statistični program SPSS. Stopnje umrljivosti, obiskov v dežurnih ambulantah in ambulantah NMP in prvih zdravljenj v bolnišnicah smo izračunali na osnovi podatkov o številu stalnih prebivalcev v Sloveniji v letih 1997 do 2004 (vir je Centralni register prebivalstva Republike Slovenije). Rezultati: V osemletnem obdobju (1997 - 2004) je bilo v Sloveniji 2445 smrti zaradi poškodbglave (po posameznih letih med 14,0 in 17,3 na 100.000 preb.), od teh 7smrti (0,3 %) kot posledica padca na DSKDs (med 0,05 in 0,1 na 100.000 preb.). V obdobju 1999-2004 je bilo v Sloveniji 75.633 obiskov v dežurnih službah ali ambulantah NPM zaradi poškodb glave (po posameznih letih med 529 in 708 na 100.000 preb.). 456 obiskov (0,6 %) je bilo zaradi poškodbe glave kot posledica padca na DSKDs (med 2,1 in 5,2 na 100.000 preb.). V obdobju 1997-2004 je bilo v Sloveniji 64.182 prvih zdravljenj v bolnišnicah zaradi poškodb glave (med 366 in 424 na 100.000 prebivalcev), od tega 1014 (1,6 %) prvih zdravljenj v bolnišnicah zaradi poškodbe glave kot posledica padca na (DSKDs) (med 4,5 in 8,7 na 100.000 prebivalcev). Poškodbe glave, ki so jih utrpele osebe, ki so se zdravile v bolnišnicah zaradi padcev na DSKDs, so bile: 674 zdravljenj zaradi znotrajlobanjske poškodbe (S06), 219 zdravljenj zaradi površinske poškodbe glave (S00), 87 zdravljenj zaradi zloma lobanjskihin obraznih kosti (S02), 30 zdravljenj je bilo zaradi ran na glavi (S01), 3 zdravljenja zaradi poškodbe očesa in orbite, 1 zdravljenje ostalo (S03). Skupno trajanje zdravljenja v bolnišnicah pri poškodovancih zaradi poškodbe glave zaradi padca na DSKDs je bilo 3180 dni. Povprečna ležalna dobabolnika s poškodbo glave pri teh dejavnostih je bila 3,1 dni. Zaključki: Smrti in težke poškodbe glave zaradi padca na DSKDs v Sloveniji predstavljajo javnozdravstveni problem, ki bi ga z doslednim nošenjem čelade lahko preprečili. Avtorji prispevka smo ugotovili, da je potrebno javno predstaviti problem in uvesti zaščitne čelade. Predlagamo, da se s spremembo Zakona o varnosti na smučiščih obvezna uporaba čelade pri smučanju in deskanjupodaljša od 12. leta glede na sosednje države vsaj na 14. leto starosti oz. se priporoča uporaba čelade ne glede na starost vsem udeležencem teh dejavnostiTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaInštitut za varovanje zdravja RS