11500 KB0 KB2026Gams, MatijaKrtinić, Nemanjaštevilka:3letnik:75str. 151-164ISSN:0017-2774COBISSID_HOST:292214019URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-KHZ1IHVMslZveza društev gradbenih inženirjev in tehnikov SlovenijeGradbeni vestnik2D equivalent strut macro-model2D-makromodel z nadomestnimi diagonalami3D micro-model3D-mikromodelinternal force distributionnavpične vezinumerical modellingnumerično modeliranjeporazdelitev notranjih siltie-columnsRačun notranjih sil v AB navpičnih vezeh z uporabo mikro- in makro-modelov| Calculation of internal forces in RC tie-columns using micro- and macro-models|This study presents a numerical investigation of the seismic response of masonry piers built from modern clay masonry units bonded with polyurethane (PU) glue and with RC tie-columns at the sides. The research is based on experimental results obtained from two full-scale pier specimens, on the basis of which a three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model in Abaqus and two-dimensional (2D) equivalent strut macro-models (ESM) with one or more multiple struts in OpenSees were developed and validated. The validation was performed under both monotonically increasing and cyclic horizontal loading with constant vertical force. The validated 3D micro-model was subsequently used as a reference model to assess the accuracy of the internal force distribution along the height of reinforced concrete (RC) tie-columns. The objective of the study is to evaluate whether equivalent strut macro-models are sufficiently accurate for the estimation of internal forces in RC tie-columns in practical applications. The analysis of shear forces, axial forces, and bending moments was carried out at peak strength and at the drop to 80 % strength. The results show that the single-strut model provides a satisfactory prediction of the global response, but fails to capture the distribution of internal forces along the height of RC tie-columns. In contrast, the multi-strut model more accurately reproduces local load-transfer mechanisms and provides improved predictions of internal force distributions, particularly for shear forces and bending moments. Nevertheless, it still does not fully capture the complex redistribution of axial forces. Overall, the multi-strut model is a good balance between accuracy and computational efficiency and is suitable for practical engineering applicationsPredstavljena je numerična študija potresnega odziva slopov, zgrajenih iz sodobnih opečnih zidakov, ki so zlepljeni s poliuretanskim (PU) lepilom in imajo AB navpične vezi na straneh. Raziskava temelji na eksperimentalnih rezultatih dveh slopov v naravni velikosti, na podlagi katerih so bili razviti in validirani detajlni 3D-mikromodel iz končnih elementov (KE) v programu Abaqus ter 2D-makromodeli z eno ali več nadomestnimi diagonalami (ND) v programu OpenSees. Validacija je bila narejena pri monotono naraščajoči in ciklični vodoravni obtežbi pri konstantni tlačni obremenitvi. Validirani 3D detajlni model je bil v nadaljevanju uporabljen kot referenčni model za oceno natančnosti porazdelitve notranjih sil vzdolž višine armiranobetonskih (AB) navpičnih vezi. Namen študije je ugotoviti, ali so makromodeli z nadomestnimi diagonalami dovolj natančni za račun notranjih sil v vezeh v praksi. Analiza porazdelitve strižnih in osnih sil ter upogibnih momentov je narejena pri največji nosilnosti slopa in pri padcu nosilnosti na 80 % največje nosilnosti. Rezultati kažejo, da modeli z eno ND zadovoljivo napovedujejo globalni odziv, vendar ne zajamejo ustrezno porazdelitve notranjih sil vzdolž višine AB vezi. Nasprotno model z več ND bistveno bolje reproducira lokalne mehanizme prenosa sil in bolje napove poteke notranjih sil, še posebej strižnih sil in momentov. Kljub temu da tudi ta model ne zajame v celoti kompleksne prerazporeditve osnih sil, predstavlja dobro ravnovesje med natančnostjo in računsko učinkovitostjo ter je primeren za praktično uporabo v vsakdanji inženirski praksiTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaZveza društev gradbenih inženirjev in tehnikov Slovenije