2946 KB37 KB197320252022Chwedczuk, Katarzynaštevilka:1letnik:66str. 49-59ISSN:0351-0271DOI:10.15292/geodetski-vestnik.2022.01.49-59COBISSID_HOST:106985219URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-JKL7US2QenZveza geodetov SlovenijeGeodetski vestnikaltitudeGNSSgorahistorical maplidarmeasurement comparisonmountainprimerjava meritevtriangulacijske meritvetriangulation measurementsvišinazgodovinska kartaChallenges related to the determination of altitudes of mountain peaks presented on cartographic sources| Izzivi pri določanju višin gorskih vrhov, kot so navedene v kartografskih virih|This study aimed to measure and validate altitudes from existing sources with direct GNSS measurements and airborne lidar data. For this purpose, 12 mountain peaks located in the south part of Polish territory were selected. Measurements were performed using a GNSS receiver using the Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) or static techniques enabling altitude measurements with accuracy of 10 cm. GNSS was treated as the primary data source, as the direct !eld measurements can determine the highest point on each peak. "e obtained results were confronted with historical, internet sources, and ocial altitude data. Moreover, each altitude was determined using lidar data from an airborne lidar dataset of Poland from the ISOK program and provided by the national agency. Signi!cant discrepancies in data were already detected during the analysis of internet materials and traditional maps, up to a few meters. "e di$erences between measured and internet sources in altitude of mountain peak range from 27 cm to 504 cm. "is study has shown the need to re-measure the altitudes of the mountain peaks and determine the highest point correctlyNamen raziskave je bil izmeriti in določiti nadmorske višine 12 gorskih vrhov s kombinacijo meritev GNSS in lidarskih podatkov. Izbrane gore se nahajajo na jugu Poljske. Meritve GNSS smo izvedli s statično ali kinematično metodo v realnem času (RTK) izmere GNSS. Izmero GNSS smo obravnavali kot primarni vir podatkov, saj lahko le z neposrednimi meritvami na terenu določimo najvišjo točko na vsakem vrhu. Dobljene rezultate smo primerjali z zgodovinskimi, internetnimi viri in uradnimi podatki o nadmorskih višinah. Poleg tega smo vsako nadmorsko višino določili še z uporabo lidarskih podatkov Poljske iz programa ISOK, ki jih je zagotovila nacionalna agencija. Že pri analizi internetnega gradiva in zemljevidov smo zaznali odstopanja v višinah vrhov velika do nekaj metrov. Razlike med izmerjenimi in internetnimi viri višin gorskih vrhov so med 27 cm in 504 cm. Z raziskavo smo pokazali, da bo treba ponovna višine gorskih vrhov Poljske izmeriti še enkrat, pri čemer bo treba posebno pTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaZveza geodetov Slovenije