20 KB156 KB16 KB200020262013Charvát, PavelOstrý, MilanPřikryl, Radekštevilka:2letnik:47str. 185-188ISSN:1580-2949COBISSID:978858URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-IG7BKD5OenInštitut za kovinske materiale in tehnologijeMateriali in tehnologijelatentna toplotamateriali s fazno premenoshranjevanje toploteshranjevanje toplotne energijeCharacterization of selected phase-change materials for a proposed use in building applications| Karakterizacija izbranih materialov s fazno premeno za predlagano uporabo v gradbeništvu|The generally positive trend of ever-stricter requirements for the thermal insulation properties of building envelopes, leading to a significant reduction in the heat losses of modern buildings, has also brought about some negative aspects. Modern light-weight buildings with high-thermal-resistance envelopes are prone to overheating in the summer due to both solar and internal heat gains. This problem is often solved by installing mechanical cooling (air-conditioning) that leads to an increase in the energy consumptionand, since electricity is mostly used to power the air-conditioningsystems, the increase in the energy consumption for cooling can offset the heating-energy savings in terms of primary energy. A lot of attention has therefore been paid to the other means of temperature control inbuildings, such as night-time ventilation and/or the building-integrated thermal storage. The phase-change materials that can store a rather large amount of heat in a narrow temperature interval around their melting point seem to be particularly suitable for this purpose. There are many ways of integrating PCMs into the building structures as well as the techniques that employ that extra thermal-storage capacity to provide thermal comfort for the occupants. This paper deals with the results of the laboratory testing of selected organic and inorganic phase-change materials for integration into building structures. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to obtain the melting ranges and enthalpies of fusion of the selected materials and thermogravimetry was used to explore the thermal stability (decomposition) of the materials at higher temperaturesSplošne pozitivne usmeritve v vedno ostrejše zahteve pri toplotni izolaciji poslopij vodijo k občutnemu zmanjšanju toplotnih izgub modernih zgradb in so prinesle tudi nekaj negativnih vidikov. Moderne, lahke zgradbe, z dobrim izolativnim ovojem so nagnjene k pregrevanju v poletju zaradi sončne in notranje toplote. Ta problem se pogosto rešuje s postavitvijo mehanskega ohlajevanja (air-conditioning), ki povzroči povečanje porabe energije, saj je elektrika najbolj pogosto uporabljena za pogon sistema ohlajanja, vendar pa se s stališča primarne energije povečuje poraba energije za ohlajanje, ki lahko celo preseže prihranke pri energiji za ogrevanje. Mnogo pozornosti je treba zato posvetiti drugim sredstvom za kontrolo temperature v zgradbah, kot so nočna ventilacija in/ali shranjevanje toplote integrirano v zgradbi. Materiali s fazno premeno lahko shranjujejo relativno velike količine toplote v temperaturnem intervalu okrog njihovega tališča in so zato videti posebno primerni za ta namen. Mnogo načinov je za vključitev PCM-materialov v strukturo zgradbe kot tudi tehnike, ki vključujejo shranjevanje ekstra toplotne kapacitete za zagotavljanje udobja stanovalcev. Članek obravnava rezultate laboratorijskih preizkusov izbranih organskih in anorganskih materialov s fazno premeno za njihovo vključitev v strukturo zgradbe. Diferenčna dinamična kalorimetrija je bila uporabljena za določanje področja taljenja in entalpije taljenja izbranih materialov, termogravimetrija pa za raziskovanje toplotne stabilnosti (dekompozicije) materialov pri povišanih temperaturahTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaInštitut za kovinske materiale in tehnologije