55 KB400 KB49 KB197320132009Čufar, KatarinaZupančič, Martinštevilka:89str. 55-66ISSN:0351-3114COBISSID:2520230URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-HGW1BZBFslInštitut za gozdno in lesno gospodarstvoUniverza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za gozdarstvo & Oddelek za lesarstvoZbornik gozdarstva in lesarstvaAbies albadendrokronologijajelkalastnostilesnastanekPicea abiessmrekastrukturaLes jelke (Abies alba) kot material in tkivo dreves| Silver fir Abies alba Mill. wood as raw material and tree tissue|We present the structure, properties and use of European silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) wood, which is known for its uncoloured heartwood, medium density,relatively good mechanical properties and the fact that it can be used for a great variety of products. The value and usefulness of fir wood are reduced due to low resistance against decay and deterioration, and frequent occurrence of wet heart, and ring shakes. The properties of fir wood are comparable to those of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.). Fir is favoured where resin is not desired, where durability against acids and bases is important, and for water constructions. We present some examples of wooden constructions in archaeological or historical objects in Slovenia. The dendrochronologically dated wood was up to 500 years old. In the past centuries, fir was used more frequently than Norway spruce. On the cellular level, the wood of fir consists of tracheids and parenchyma cells. In Slovenia, several studies of wood formation have been conducted e in recent years, which are important for a better understanding of the physiology of trees and quality of wood as material. Secondary phloem, which is particularly important for the survival of trees, has been studied as well. We review some main results of such studiesPredstavljen je pregled zgradbe, lastnosti in rabe lesa jelke (Abies alba Mill.), ki ima neobarvano jedrovino, srednjo gostoto, relativno dobre mehanske lastnosti in je uporaben za številne namene. Vrednost in uporabnost lesa zmanjšujejo predvsem slaba odpornost proti različnim škodljivcem ter pojav mokrega srca in kolesivosti. Lastnosti lesa in uporaba lesa jelke so podobne kot pri smreki (Picea abies Karst.). Jelovina ima prednost predvsem tam, kjer smola ni zaželena, kjer je zaželena odpornost na kisline in baze, ter za vodne konstrukcije. Na primeru dendrokronološko datiranega lesa iz arheoloških in zgodovinskih objektov v Sloveniji smo ugotovili, da so jelovino v preteklosti uporabljali pogosteje kot smrekovino. Dokaz za to so številne do 500 let stare konstrukcije in ostrešja zgodovinskih stavb. Na celičnem nivoju je les jelke sestavljen predvsem iz traheid in parenhimskih celic trakov. V zadnjih letih so bile v Sloveniji opravljene podrobnejše raziskave nastajanja lesa pri jelki, ki so pomembne za fiziologijo drevja in razumevanje lastnosti lesa kot materiala. Opravljenih je bilo tudi več raziskav sekundarnega floema, ki je ključnega pomena za preživetje dreves. Podajamo pregled in glavne ugotovitve teh raziskavTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaUniverza v Ljubljani, Biotehniška fakulteta