632 KB19 KB200520252025Geršak, Ksenijaštevilka:2letnik:76str. 92-97ISSN:0014-8229COBISSID_HOST:271038211URN:URN:NBN:SI:doc-HG35N10CslSlovensko farmacevtsko društvoFarmacevtski vestnikhormonal changesHormonihormonske spremembemenopausal transitionMenopavzamenopavzni prehodpomenopavzapostmenopauseHormonske spremembe in vstop v pomenopavzo| Hormonal changes and entering postmenopause|Menarche and menopause are key physiological milestones in a woman’s life, triggering many physical and mental changes. In 2011, the World Health Organization updated the nomenclature of reproductive aging, dividing it into different stages and introducing the concept of the menopausal transition. Menopausal transition usually occurs around the age of 40 and brings many hormonal changes and an impact on menstrual cycles. The formation of anti-Müllerian hormone and estradiol decreases, followed by an increase in follicle-stimulating hormone. A decrease in the quality of egg follicles leads to reduced fertility and the absence of ovulation, and periods become irregular and prolonged. The progression to early postmenopause is defined by the last menstrual period. The period is accompanied by problems with thermoregulation, urogenital changes, a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases and changes in psychological health. In late postmenopause, hormone levels stabilize, but they have a lasting impact on a woman’s overall healthMenarha in menopavza sta ključna fiziološka mejnika v življenju ženske, ki sprožita številne telesne in duševne spremembe. Leta 2011 je Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija posodobila nomenklaturo reproduktivnega staranja, ga razdelila na različne stadije in uvedla pojem menopavznega prehoda. Menopavzni prehod običajno nastopi okoli 40. leta starosti in prinaša številne hormonske spremembe in vpliv na menstruacijske cikluse. Zmanjša se tvorba anti-Müllerjevega hormona in estradiola, ki jima sledi naraščanje folikle stimulirajočega hormona. Zmanjšanje kakovosti jajčnih foliklov vodi v zmanjšanje plodnosti in odsotnost ovulacije, menstruacije pa postanejo neredne in podaljšane. Prehod v zgodnjo pomenopavzo opredeljuje zadnja menstruacija. Obdobje spremljajo težave s termoregulacijo, urogenitalne spremembe, večje tveganje za srčno-žilne bolezni in spremembe v psihičnem zdravju. V pozni pomenopavzi se hormonski nivoji stabilizirajo, a trajno vplivajo na splošno zdravje ženskeTEXTznanstveno časopisjejournalsSlovenian National E-content AggregatorNational and University Library of SloveniaSlovensko farmacevtsko društvo